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#Chapter1.1 History,Taxonomy, Morphology of Bacteria 13.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 History , Taxonomy, Morphology of Bacteria #ApurbaSastry
#Question-1- Who is the discoverer of these following contributions 1. Principles of fermentation 2. Sterilization techniques and developed steam sterilizer, hot air oven and autoclave. 3. Pasteurization of milk 4. Germ theory of disease 5. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture 6. Hanging drop method for testing motility 7. Introduced staining techniques 8. Discovered simple microscope and named organisms as Little animalcules 9. Founder of electron microscope. 10. Developed the first vaccine of the world 11. Father of antiseptic surgery. He used carbolic acid during surgery. 12. Discovered L forms of bacteria. 13. Discovered transposons. 14. Discovered PCR 15. Discovered Monoclonal Antibody
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) #Chapter1.1 History , Taxonomy, Morphology of Bacteria #ApurbaSastry
#Question2- Match the following: Bacterial Classifications with the Principles are used :
Principles are used 1. Branching tree-like arrangement, based on weighted characteristics 2. Based on giving equal weight to every character of the organism 3. Based on genetic relatedness Bacterial Classifications a. Molecular classification b. Phylogenetic classification c. Adansonian (or phonetic) classification:
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) #Chapter1.1 History , Taxonomy, Morphology of Bacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question3- Organisms that are Exceptions to Koch’s postulates
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question4- Which Organism is known for the following names 1. Kleb-Loeffler bacillus 2. Preisz Nocard bacillus 3. Koch Week bacillus 4. Johne’s bacillus 5. Gaffky Eberth bacillus 6. Whitmore bacillus 7. Battey bacillus 8. Eaton’s agent 9. Pfeiffer’s bacillus
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question5- The resolution power of – a. Unaided human eye is about …… b. Light microscope is about …….. c. Electron microscope is about ……..
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question6- Answer the following about Electron microscope 1. Highest practical magnification_____ times 2. Best resolution- _______ 3. Radiation source ______ 4. Medium of travel 5. Specimen mounted on 6. Type of lens 7. Source of contrast
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question7- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram positive cocci arranged in 1. Cluster 2. Chain 3. Pairs, lanceolate shaped
4. Pair or in short chain, spectacle eyed shape 5. Tetrads 6. Octate
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question8- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram negative cocci arranged in 1. Pairs,lens shaped 2. Pairs, kidney shaped
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question9- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram positive bacilli arranged in 1. Chain(bamboo stick appearance) 2. Chain 3. Chinese letter or cuneiform pattern 4. Palisade pattern 5. Branched and filamentous form
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question10- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram negative bacilli arranged in 1. Pleomorphic (various shapes) 2. Thumb print appearance
3. Comma shaped (fish in stream appearance) 4. Curved (gullwing shaped) 5. Spirally coiled, flexible 6. Rigid spiral forms 7. Bacteria that lack cell wall
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question11- Match the following: A.Gram Positive cell wall and B. Gram Negative cell wall 1. Thick Peptidoglycan layer 2. L Lysine at 3rd position of tetrapeptide side chain 3. Pentaglycine bridge absent 4. More Lipid content 5. Lipopolysaccharide present 6. Teichoic acid present 7. Variety of amino acids present 8. Aromatic amino acids present
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question12- Characteristics of Prokaryotes 1. Example……… Bacteria or virus or fungi or parasites or blue green algae 2. Nucleus-Diffuse or Well defined a. Nuclear membrane-Absent or Present b. Nucleolus -Absent or Present c. Ribonucleoprotein-Absent or Present d. Cell division-Binary fission or Mitosis
e. Chromosome-One, circular or Many, liner f. Extrachromosomal DNA Found in ………….
3. Cell membrane- sterols -Absent or Present 4. Cellular organelles-Absent or Present 5. Ribosome size……. 6. Site of respiration ….. 7. Pinocytosis- Absent or Present
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question13- Types of motility 1. Tumbling motility 2. Gliding motility 3. Stately motility 4. Darting motility 5. Swarming motility 6. Corkscrew, lashing, flexion extension motility
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question14- Size of 1. Flagella 2. Fimbriae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria
#ApurbaSastry #Question15- E.g. of Bacteria showing the following 1. Monotrichous flagella 2. Lophotrichous flagella 3. Peritrichous flagella 4. Amphitrichous flagella
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question16- True or False about Fimbriae 1. Organ of adhesion 2. Help in bacterial gene transfer 3. Found only in motile organisms 4. Found only in Gram positive organisms 5. Detection of fimbriae by Hemagglutination 6. Detection of fimbriae by Cragie tube method 7. Detection of fimbriae by Hanging drop 8. Surface pellicle are e.g. of fimbriae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question17- Involution forms1. Definition 2. Examples
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry
#Question18- Use of the following stain 1. Tannic acid staining(Leifson’s method & Ryu’s method) 2. Negative staining by India ink and nigrosin stain 3. M’Faydean capsule stain 4. Quellung reaction 5. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining using 0.25% sulphuric acid 6. Schaeffer–Fulton stain and the Moeller stain.
#Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity 14.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
A.Lag Phase B.Log Phase C.Stationary Phase D.Decline Phase Which phase of bacterial growth curve the following event occurs 1. Accumulation of enzymes & metabolites 2. Attains max. size 3. Uniformly stained 4. Metabolically active 5. Produce Granules 6. Produce Exotoxin
7. Produce Antibiotics 8. Produce involution forms
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
A.Lag Phase B.Log Phase C.Stationary Phase D.Decline Phase Which phase of bacterial growth curve the following event occurs 1. Bacteria divide but not die 2. Bacteria do not divide but die 3. Bacteria divide and die 4. Bacteria do not divide and do not die
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
Match the following: Classify bacteria based on oxygen requirements 1. Aerobes that can also grow anaerobically 2. Anaerobes that can also grow aerobically 3. can grow only in the presence of oxygen 4. Can grow in the presence of low oxygen tension, i.e., 5-10% 5. These bacteria can grow only in the absence of oxygen 6. They can tolerate oxygen for some time, but do not use it
A. Obligate aerobes B. Facultative anaerobes C. Facultative aerobes
D. Microaerophilic bacteria E. Aerotolerant anaerobe F. Obligate anaerobes
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Match the following: 1. Psychrophiles 2. Mesophiles 3. Thermophiles
A. Bacillus stearothermophilus B. Pseudomonas C. E.coli
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question5
Infective dose of the following organisms is – A)Low or B)High? • Shigella • Cryptosporidium parvum • Escherichia coli O157:H7 • Entamoeba coli and Giardia Campylobacter jejuni • Escherichia coli • Salmonella • Vibrio cholerae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
What is the Infective dose of the following organisms 1. Shigella 2. Salmonella 3. Vibrio cholerae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Mechanism of intracellular survival 1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2. Mycobacterium leprae 3. Chlamydia 4. Listeria 5. Rickettsia
A. Inhibition of phagolysosome fusion B. Resistance to lysosomal enzymes C. Adaptation to cytoplasmic replication
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Endotoxins: The following statements are True or False 1. Only large doses are fatal 2. Secreted both by Gram positive & negative bacteria; diffuse into surrounding medium
3. Poorly antigenic 4. Heat labile 5. Mostly enzyme like action 6. No effective vaccine is available 7. Specific action 8. Neutralisation by antibodies is ineffective
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
Match the following: Toxins and their mode of action 1. Diphtheria toxin 2. Heat stable toxin of E.coli 3. Botulinum toxin 4. Enterotoxin and TSST of S.aureus 5. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin 6. Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) 7. Verocytotoxin (EHEC) 8. Exotoxin-A of Pseudomonas 9. Anthrax toxin 10. α toxin of Clostridium perfringens 11. Heat labile toxin of ETEC 12. Shiga toxin (Shigella dysenteriae type-1) 13. Cholera toxin (V.cholerae)
A. Act as super antigen; stimulate T cell non-specifically B. Inhibits protein synthesis (by inhibiting EF-2) C. Lecithinase D. ↓ GABA and glycine release from inhibitory neurons→ Spastic paralysis
E. ↓acetyl choline release from neurons → Flaccid paralysis F. ↑cAMP in target cell G. ↑cGMP H. Inhibit protein synthesis (by inhibiting ribosome)
#Chapter1.2 #Sterilization 15.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
Definition of Sterilization, Disinfection and Decontamination (or Sanitization). Answer the following in ofA. Reduction of at least
log CFU of microorganisms
B. Spores are killed or Not killed
1. Sterilization 2. Disinfection 3. Decontamination (or Sanitization)
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
The decreasing order of resistance of microorganisms to disinfectant or sterilizing agents is as follows– 1. Enveloped viruses. 2. Protozoan Trophozoites 3. Mycobacteria
4. Prions 5. Cryptosporidium oocysts 6. Bacterial spores 7. Coccidian cyst 8. Other parasite cysts (Giardia) 9. Fungi 10. Gram-negative bacteria 11. Large non-enveloped viruses 12. Small non-enveloped viruses 13. Gram-positive bacteria
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
Mechanism of action 1. Dry heat 2. Moist heat
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Dry Heat (Hot air oven) • Holding Temperature required• Materials sterilized • Sterilization Control-
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry Pasteurization-
#Question5
• Used for …... o Temp used; Holder method (….) and Flash method (……). o All non-sporing pathogens are killed except ……..
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
Inspissation • Also called as ………. • Heating an article by…………… • Used for sterilization of …….
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Autoclave: True or False: 1. Principle-Autoclave functions similar to a pressure cooker. At normal pressure, water boils at 100°C but when pressure inside a closed vessel increases, the temperature at which water boils also increases. 2. Sterilization conditions- 105°C for 5 min at pressure of 5 psi 3. Uses of autoclave- Autoclave is useful for surgical instruments and culture media and those materials which cannot withstand the higher temperature of hot air oven or media containing water that cannot be sterilized by dry heat. 4. Biological indicator of Sterilization control- Bacillus anthracis
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Filtration: True or False: 1. Depth filters – They are porous; retain all the particles on the surface that are smaller than their pore size.
2. Membrane filters- They are porous filters that retain particles throughout the filter, rather than just on the surface.
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
Write the list of sproicidal agents
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question10
Filtration: 1. HEPA filter removes from the air ……..% of particles of size ≥ ……..µm . 2. ULPA filters - Removes from the air ……..% of particles of size ≥ ……..µm . 3. Sterilization control of membrane filters includes…………. 4. Membrane filters are made up of ……… 5. Pore size- Membrane filters………….
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question11
The following are e.g. of : Ionising radiations or Non-ionizing radiation 1. X-rays 2. Gamma rays (from Cobalt 60 source) 3. Cosmic rays. 4. Infrared rays. 5. Ultraviolet radiations
6. Cold sterilization
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question12
The following are sterilized by: Ionising radiations or Non-ionizing radiation: 1. Disposable rubber or plastic syringes, infusion sets and catheters. 2. Catgut sutures, bone & tissue grafts and adhesive dressings 3. Operation theatres 4. Laminar flow hoods 5. Water treatment.
#Chapter1.2#Disinfection 16.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
List the type of Organisms killed by the following Levels of disinfectant 1. Low level disinfectant 2. Intermediate level disinfectant 3. High level disinfectant 4. Chemical sterilants
A. Bacterial spores B. Tubercle bacilli C. Non enveloped viruses D. Fungi E. Enveloped viruses
F. Vegetative bacteria
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
Best Method of sterilization/disinfection used in following clinical situations 1. Clinical thermometer 2. Paraffin 3. Glass syringe 4. Glass Flask, 5. Glass slide, 6. Oil, grease, fat, glycerol 7. OT, entryway, ward, laboratory fumigation 8. Preservation of anatomical specimen 9. Cystoscope and bronchoscope 10. Heart lung machine, respirator, dental equipments 11. Vaccine 12. Sera 13. Antibiotic solution 14. Sugar solution 15. Sharp instruments 16. Milk 17. Metallic inoculation wire 18. Plastic syringe 19. Catgut suture 20. Infective material like soiled dressing, bedding, animal carcasses 21. Metallic surgical instruments 22. Water 23. Skin 24. lenses
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
List the Levels of disinfectant the following belong to? 1. Glutaraldehyde 2. Formaldehyde 3. H2O2 Chlorine 4. Isopropyl alcohol 5. Phenol Iodophore 6. Quatern. ammonium
A. Low level disinfectant B. Intermediate level disinfectant C. High level disinfectant D. Chemical sterilants
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Match the following according to Spaulding’s classification of medical devices 1. Critical device 2. Semi-critical device 3. Non-critical devices 4. Non-critical surfaces
A. Comes in with intact skin B. Enter a normally sterile site C. Come in with mucous membranes or minor skin breaches D. Less direct with patient
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question5
Match the following : What is the Biological Sterilization Indicator A. Hot air oven B. Autoclave C. Filtration D. Ionizing radiation E. Ethylene oxide F. Plasma sterilization
1. Clostridium tetani non toxigenic strain, 2. Brevundimonas diminuta, 3. Serratia 4. Bacillus pumilus 5. Bacillus globigi 6. Geobacillus stearothermophilus, 7. Bacillus subtilis subsp.niger
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
Which of the following disinfectant are NOT Inactivated by organic matter 1. Glutaraldehyde 2. Formaldehyde 3. H2O2 Chlorine 4. Isopropyl alcohol 5. Phenol Iodophore 6. Quatern. ammonium
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Match the following according to Spaulding’s classification of medical devices A. Critical device B. Semi-critical device C. Non-critical devices D. Non-critical surfaces
1. Endoscopes, 2. Surgical Instruments 3. Stethoscope 4. Computers 5. Implants 6. Eye & dental instruments 7. Respiratory therapy equipments, 8. Anesthesia equipments, 9. Thermometer 10. Examination table 11. Rectal/vaginal /esophageal probes 12. BP cuff 13. Cardiac and urinary catheters 14. ECG electrodes 15. Bedpans 16. Crutches 17. Surfaces of medical equipments 18. Laryngoscope
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Which of the following are Sporicidal agents: 1. Pasteurization 2. Ethylene oxide 3. Isopropyl alcohol 4. Formaldehyde 5. Glutaraldehyde 6. Iodophore 7. Hydrogen peroxide 8. Phenol 9. Peracetic acid 10. O-Phthalic acid 11. Plasma sterilization 12. Quatern. ammonium 13. Autoclave 14. Arnold Steamer 15. Hot air oven
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
Which is the most resistant structure to sterilization and which methods are recommended for sterilization of this material?
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question10
TESTING OF DISINFECTANTS: True or Falser reading Phenol coefficient (Rideal Walker) test 1. E.coli is taken as test organism 2. Phenol is taken as standard disinfectant against which the test disinfectant is checked 3. Phenol coefficient >10 is taken as is satisfactory 4. Can be used to test any disinfectant 5. It can assess the ability of the disinfectant to act in presence of organic matter.
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question11
MATCH THE FOLLOWING REGARDIG TESTING OF DISINFECTANTS:
1. Kelsey and Maurer test 2. Capacity (Kelsey-Sykes) test 3. Chick Martin test
A. Check the ability to work the presence of organic matter B. Checks the capacity of a disinfectant to retain its activity when repeatedly used microbiologically. C. Checks the disinfectant is effective in actual use in hospital practice.
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification 17.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
Agar: True or False • Used for solidifying the culture media. • It has nutritional property. • Prepared from the cell wall of seaweeds • Agar is less preferred over gelatine, as it melts at 42°C and usually solidifies at 98°C • Concentration of agaro For solid agar preparation-It is used in concentration of 6% o For semisolid agar- 0.5% o For solid agar to inhibit Proteus swarming- 1-2%
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
Which is NOT a Simple/ basal media a) Peptone water b) Nutrient broth c) Nutrient agar d) Alkaline Peptone water
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
What are the compositions of the following Simple/ basal media (select from the options given below)? a) Peptone water b) Nutrient broth c) Nutrient agar
1. Peptone (1%) 2. NaCl (0.5%) 3. Water 4. Meat extract (1%) 5. 2% agar
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Which media is used for the following function? A. Simple/ basal media B. Enriched media C. Enrichment broth D. Selective media E. Transport media F. Differential media
1. Growth of fastidious organism 2. Testing the non-fastidiousness of bacteria 3. Liquid media used for Selecting a pathogen from stool or sputum specimens 4. They serve as the base for the preparation of many other media. 5. Nutrient broth is used for studying the bacterial growth curve 6. Performing the biochemical tests such as oxidase, catalase and slide agglutination test 7. To study the colony character and Pigment demonstration 8. Differentiating between gram negative bacilli into LF or NLF 9. Test hemolysis 10. Solid media used for Selecting a pathogen from stool or sputum specimens
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question5
What type of media and used for which organisms? 1. Stuart’s medium 2. Pike’s medium 3. Cary Blair medium 4. Amies medium 5. Buffered glycerol saline 6. VR(Venkatraman-Ramakrishnan) medium 7. Cary Blair medium 8. Autoclaved sea water
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
List the methods for Preservation of Microorganisms
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Match the following: Anaerobic Culture Methods and principle used: 1. Evacuation of air and replacement with hydrogen gas manually) 2. Evacuation of air and replacement with hydrogen gas done by automated instrument 3. Absorption of oxygen chemically, e.g. using alkaline pyrogallol 4. Cooked meat pieces
A. Gas pak System B. McIntosh and Filde's anaerobic jar C. Reducing agents
D. Anoxomat System
1. Short term preservation methods2. Long term preservation methods
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Indicators of anaerobiosis are: • Chemical indicator- _______________ • Biological indicator- _______________
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
PRAS media 1. Full form and 2. Where it is used?
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question10
Most common typing methods used for this organisms? 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Shigella sonnei 3. Gonococcus
4. C.diphtheriae( gravis, intermedius and mitis) 5. Lancefield grouping 6. Vibrio choleraeO1(classical and El Tor) 7. Yersinia pestis (Antiqua, Medievalis, or Orientalis)
1. Serotyping 2. Bacteriophage typing 3. Bacteriocin typing4. Biotyping 5. Auxotyping
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question11
Match the following. Which type of PCR is used in the following situations? 1. For amplifying 6S rRNA genes 2. Double round of amplification 3. Syndromic approach4. Uses >1 primer targeting DNA sequences of several organisms 5. Uses 2 primers: 2nd primer targets the same organism but a different DNA sequence. 6. Quantitative analysis 7. Amplification can be visualized simultaneously during the process of amplification
A. Nested PCR B. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)C. Multiplex PCR D. Real-time PCR (rt-PCR)
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question12
Which of the culture method is used in the following purpose? 1. Streak culture 2. Lawn or carpet culture 3. Stroke culture 4. Stab culture5. Liquid culture 6. Pour-plate culture
1. Routinely used for isolation of bacteria from clinical specimen 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing 3. Bacteriophage typing 4. Used for citrate media 5. Used for urease test 6. Used for TSI (triple sugar iron test) 7. Maintaining stock cultures, 8. Mannitol motility medium, 9. Nutrient agar semisolid butts\ 10. Blood culture 11. For sterility testing. 12. When large yields of bacteria are required 13. For demonstration of bacterial growth curve 14. To estimate viable bacterial count
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question13
What is the Sequence of steps occurs in a PCR cycle? And what temp all these steps take place?
1. Extension of the primer 2. Denaturation 3. Primer annealing
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question14
Math the following: Principle used in automated culture methods? 1. 1.BACTEC 2. 2.BacT/Alert 3. 3.ESP culture system 4. MGIT (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube)
A. For M.tuberculosis B. Based on fluorescent based detection technique C. Based on colorimetry D. Based on pressure change, detected by manometry
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question15
Answer the following about the following aspects of the culture media1. Name of the media 2. Type of Media - Basal /Enriched/Enrichment/Selective/DIfferential/Transport/Anaerobic/for AST 3. Where used 4. Expected growth.
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics 18.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 Q 1 Property of Plasmid: true or False 1. Extra chromosomal 2. ss linear DNA 3. Cannot replicate independently 4. Can be integrated with chromosome 5. Essential for life of bacteria 6. They may be present always single in number. 7. Curing is The process of eliminating the plasmids from bacteria
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 Q2 Plasmid may integrate with chromosomal DNA of bacteria and such plasmids are called as ….? A. Episomes B. Transposons C. Monosomes D. Plasmosomes
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 3 Horizontal gene transfer occurs in all except: i)Transformation ii) Transduction iii) Lysogenic conversion iv) Conjugation v) Mutation
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 4 Transformation has not been studied so far in which of the following bacteria: A. Streptococcus, B. Staphylococcus C. Bacillus, D. Haemophilus, E. Neisseria, F. Acinetobacter G. Pseudomonas
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 5 1. List the five toxins that are coded by bacteriophage DNA?
2. Bacteriophage coded toxins are transferred by transduction or lysogenic conversion?
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 6 Griffith experiment (1928) on mice using pneumococci. Which strain of Pneumococcus can kill mice? A. Live Rough strains B. Dead Smooth strains C. Live Smooth strains D. Dead Rough strains
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 7 Griffith experiment (1928) is used to demonstrate ? i)Transformation ii) Transduction iii) Lysogenic conversion iv) Conjugation v) Mutation
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance 19.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q 1 The following Resistance is an e.g. of A. Intrinsic antimicrobial resistance or B. Acquired antimicrobial resistance
1. Anaerobic bacteria to Clindamycin 2. Anaerobic bacteria to Aminoglycosides 3. Aerobic bacteria to Metronidazole 4. Aerobic bacteria to Penicillin 5. Gram-negative bacteria to Vancomycin 6. Gram-psotive bacteria to Vancomycin 7. E.coli to Ampicillin 8. Klebsiella species to Ampicillin 9. E.coli to Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol 10. Pseudomonas to Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol 11. Enterococci to Vancomycin 12. Enterococci to Aminoglycosides and All cephalosporins
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q2 The following statements hold true for A)Mutational drug resistance B) Transferable drug resistance 1. Resistance to one drug at a time 2. High degree resistance
3. Resistance can be overcome by combination of drugs 4. Virulence of resistance mutants - not decreased bcoz of resistance 5. Resistance is not transferable to other organisms; but spread to off springs by vertical spread only
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q 3 True or false regarding Bacteria showing resistance to Βeta-Lactam Antibiotics 1. Drug inactivation (by producing β-lactamase enzyme)- seen in mainly Gram negative bacteria 2. Alteration of target site-PBP (penicillin-binding protein) is altered to PBP2a- seen in mainly Gram negative bacteria 3. Decreased permeability - due to altered outer-membrane porins- seen in mainly Gram- positive bacteria 4. Efflux pumps mediate expulsion of the drug(s) from the cell I the main mechanism seen in anaerobic organisms
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q 4 The antibiotic-organism combination given below show which of the following Broad resistance category ? A. Decreased permeability across the cell wall B. Efflux pumps C. By modification of the antimicrobial target sites within the bacteria D. By enzymatic inactivation
1. S.aureus to Vancomycin 2. of Enterobacteriaceae to Chloramphenicol
3. Resistance to Aminoglycosides 4. MRSA to betalactams 5. Streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6. Enterococcus to Vancomycin 7. Rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 8. Quinolone resistance seen in S.aureus and S. pneumoniae 9. Staphylococci against macrolides and streptogramins 10. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae against fluoroquinolones
#Question-1- Who is the discoverer of these following contributions 1. Principles of fermentation 2. Sterilization techniques and developed steam sterilizer, hot air oven and autoclave. 3. Pasteurization of milk 4. Germ theory of disease 5. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture 6. Hanging drop method for testing motility 7. Introduced staining techniques 8. Discovered simple microscope and named organisms as Little animalcules 9. Founder of electron microscope. 10. Developed the first vaccine of the world 11. Father of antiseptic surgery. He used carbolic acid during surgery. 12. Discovered L forms of bacteria. 13. Discovered transposons. 14. Discovered PCR 15. Discovered Monoclonal Antibody
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) #Chapter1.1 History , Taxonomy, Morphology of Bacteria #ApurbaSastry
#Question2- Match the following: Bacterial Classifications with the Principles are used :
Principles are used 1. Branching tree-like arrangement, based on weighted characteristics 2. Based on giving equal weight to every character of the organism 3. Based on genetic relatedness Bacterial Classifications a. Molecular classification b. Phylogenetic classification c. Adansonian (or phonetic) classification:
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) #Chapter1.1 History , Taxonomy, Morphology of Bacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question3- Organisms that are Exceptions to Koch’s postulates
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question4- Which Organism is known for the following names 1. Kleb-Loeffler bacillus 2. Preisz Nocard bacillus 3. Koch Week bacillus 4. Johne’s bacillus 5. Gaffky Eberth bacillus 6. Whitmore bacillus 7. Battey bacillus 8. Eaton’s agent 9. Pfeiffer’s bacillus
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question5- The resolution power of – a. Unaided human eye is about …… b. Light microscope is about …….. c. Electron microscope is about ……..
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question6- Answer the following about Electron microscope 1. Highest practical magnification_____ times 2. Best resolution- _______ 3. Radiation source ______ 4. Medium of travel 5. Specimen mounted on 6. Type of lens 7. Source of contrast
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question7- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram positive cocci arranged in 1. Cluster 2. Chain 3. Pairs, lanceolate shaped
4. Pair or in short chain, spectacle eyed shape 5. Tetrads 6. Octate
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question8- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram negative cocci arranged in 1. Pairs,lens shaped 2. Pairs, kidney shaped
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question9- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram positive bacilli arranged in 1. Chain(bamboo stick appearance) 2. Chain 3. Chinese letter or cuneiform pattern 4. Palisade pattern 5. Branched and filamentous form
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question10- Which Bacteria show the following Gram stain arrangement Gram negative bacilli arranged in 1. Pleomorphic (various shapes) 2. Thumb print appearance
3. Comma shaped (fish in stream appearance) 4. Curved (gullwing shaped) 5. Spirally coiled, flexible 6. Rigid spiral forms 7. Bacteria that lack cell wall
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question11- Match the following: A.Gram Positive cell wall and B. Gram Negative cell wall 1. Thick Peptidoglycan layer 2. L Lysine at 3rd position of tetrapeptide side chain 3. Pentaglycine bridge absent 4. More Lipid content 5. Lipopolysaccharide present 6. Teichoic acid present 7. Variety of amino acids present 8. Aromatic amino acids present
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question12- Characteristics of Prokaryotes 1. Example……… Bacteria or virus or fungi or parasites or blue green algae 2. Nucleus-Diffuse or Well defined a. Nuclear membrane-Absent or Present b. Nucleolus -Absent or Present c. Ribonucleoprotein-Absent or Present d. Cell division-Binary fission or Mitosis
e. Chromosome-One, circular or Many, liner f. Extrachromosomal DNA Found in ………….
3. Cell membrane- sterols -Absent or Present 4. Cellular organelles-Absent or Present 5. Ribosome size……. 6. Site of respiration ….. 7. Pinocytosis- Absent or Present
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question13- Types of motility 1. Tumbling motility 2. Gliding motility 3. Stately motility 4. Darting motility 5. Swarming motility 6. Corkscrew, lashing, flexion extension motility
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question14- Size of 1. Flagella 2. Fimbriae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria
#ApurbaSastry #Question15- E.g. of Bacteria showing the following 1. Monotrichous flagella 2. Lophotrichous flagella 3. Peritrichous flagella 4. Amphitrichous flagella
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question16- True or False about Fimbriae 1. Organ of adhesion 2. Help in bacterial gene transfer 3. Found only in motile organisms 4. Found only in Gram positive organisms 5. Detection of fimbriae by Hemagglutination 6. Detection of fimbriae by Cragie tube method 7. Detection of fimbriae by Hanging drop 8. Surface pellicle are e.g. of fimbriae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry #Question17- Involution forms1. Definition 2. Examples
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 13.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria #ApurbaSastry
#Question18- Use of the following stain 1. Tannic acid staining(Leifson’s method & Ryu’s method) 2. Negative staining by India ink and nigrosin stain 3. M’Faydean capsule stain 4. Quellung reaction 5. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining using 0.25% sulphuric acid 6. Schaeffer–Fulton stain and the Moeller stain.
#Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity 14.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
A.Lag Phase B.Log Phase C.Stationary Phase D.Decline Phase Which phase of bacterial growth curve the following event occurs 1. Accumulation of enzymes & metabolites 2. Attains max. size 3. Uniformly stained 4. Metabolically active 5. Produce Granules 6. Produce Exotoxin
7. Produce Antibiotics 8. Produce involution forms
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
A.Lag Phase B.Log Phase C.Stationary Phase D.Decline Phase Which phase of bacterial growth curve the following event occurs 1. Bacteria divide but not die 2. Bacteria do not divide but die 3. Bacteria divide and die 4. Bacteria do not divide and do not die
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
Match the following: Classify bacteria based on oxygen requirements 1. Aerobes that can also grow anaerobically 2. Anaerobes that can also grow aerobically 3. can grow only in the presence of oxygen 4. Can grow in the presence of low oxygen tension, i.e., 5-10% 5. These bacteria can grow only in the absence of oxygen 6. They can tolerate oxygen for some time, but do not use it
A. Obligate aerobes B. Facultative anaerobes C. Facultative aerobes
D. Microaerophilic bacteria E. Aerotolerant anaerobe F. Obligate anaerobes
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Match the following: 1. Psychrophiles 2. Mesophiles 3. Thermophiles
A. Bacillus stearothermophilus B. Pseudomonas C. E.coli
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question5
Infective dose of the following organisms is – A)Low or B)High? • Shigella • Cryptosporidium parvum • Escherichia coli O157:H7 • Entamoeba coli and Giardia Campylobacter jejuni • Escherichia coli • Salmonella • Vibrio cholerae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
What is the Infective dose of the following organisms 1. Shigella 2. Salmonella 3. Vibrio cholerae
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Mechanism of intracellular survival 1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2. Mycobacterium leprae 3. Chlamydia 4. Listeria 5. Rickettsia
A. Inhibition of phagolysosome fusion B. Resistance to lysosomal enzymes C. Adaptation to cytoplasmic replication
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Endotoxins: The following statements are True or False 1. Only large doses are fatal 2. Secreted both by Gram positive & negative bacteria; diffuse into surrounding medium
3. Poorly antigenic 4. Heat labile 5. Mostly enzyme like action 6. No effective vaccine is available 7. Specific action 8. Neutralisation by antibodies is ineffective
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016 #Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
Match the following: Toxins and their mode of action 1. Diphtheria toxin 2. Heat stable toxin of E.coli 3. Botulinum toxin 4. Enterotoxin and TSST of S.aureus 5. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin 6. Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) 7. Verocytotoxin (EHEC) 8. Exotoxin-A of Pseudomonas 9. Anthrax toxin 10. α toxin of Clostridium perfringens 11. Heat labile toxin of ETEC 12. Shiga toxin (Shigella dysenteriae type-1) 13. Cholera toxin (V.cholerae)
A. Act as super antigen; stimulate T cell non-specifically B. Inhibits protein synthesis (by inhibiting EF-2) C. Lecithinase D. ↓ GABA and glycine release from inhibitory neurons→ Spastic paralysis
E. ↓acetyl choline release from neurons → Flaccid paralysis F. ↑cAMP in target cell G. ↑cGMP H. Inhibit protein synthesis (by inhibiting ribosome)
#Chapter1.2 #Sterilization 15.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
Definition of Sterilization, Disinfection and Decontamination (or Sanitization). Answer the following in ofA. Reduction of at least
log CFU of microorganisms
B. Spores are killed or Not killed
1. Sterilization 2. Disinfection 3. Decontamination (or Sanitization)
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
The decreasing order of resistance of microorganisms to disinfectant or sterilizing agents is as follows– 1. Enveloped viruses. 2. Protozoan Trophozoites 3. Mycobacteria
4. Prions 5. Cryptosporidium oocysts 6. Bacterial spores 7. Coccidian cyst 8. Other parasite cysts (Giardia) 9. Fungi 10. Gram-negative bacteria 11. Large non-enveloped viruses 12. Small non-enveloped viruses 13. Gram-positive bacteria
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
Mechanism of action 1. Dry heat 2. Moist heat
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Dry Heat (Hot air oven) • Holding Temperature required• Materials sterilized • Sterilization Control-
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry Pasteurization-
#Question5
• Used for …... o Temp used; Holder method (….) and Flash method (……). o All non-sporing pathogens are killed except ……..
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
Inspissation • Also called as ………. • Heating an article by…………… • Used for sterilization of …….
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Autoclave: True or False: 1. Principle-Autoclave functions similar to a pressure cooker. At normal pressure, water boils at 100°C but when pressure inside a closed vessel increases, the temperature at which water boils also increases. 2. Sterilization conditions- 105°C for 5 min at pressure of 5 psi 3. Uses of autoclave- Autoclave is useful for surgical instruments and culture media and those materials which cannot withstand the higher temperature of hot air oven or media containing water that cannot be sterilized by dry heat. 4. Biological indicator of Sterilization control- Bacillus anthracis
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Filtration: True or False: 1. Depth filters – They are porous; retain all the particles on the surface that are smaller than their pore size.
2. Membrane filters- They are porous filters that retain particles throughout the filter, rather than just on the surface.
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
Write the list of sproicidal agents
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question10
Filtration: 1. HEPA filter removes from the air ……..% of particles of size ≥ ……..µm . 2. ULPA filters - Removes from the air ……..% of particles of size ≥ ……..µm . 3. Sterilization control of membrane filters includes…………. 4. Membrane filters are made up of ……… 5. Pore size- Membrane filters………….
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2 #Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question11
The following are e.g. of : Ionising radiations or Non-ionizing radiation 1. X-rays 2. Gamma rays (from Cobalt 60 source) 3. Cosmic rays. 4. Infrared rays. 5. Ultraviolet radiations
6. Cold sterilization
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 15.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Sterilization #ApurbaSastry
#Question12
The following are sterilized by: Ionising radiations or Non-ionizing radiation: 1. Disposable rubber or plastic syringes, infusion sets and catheters. 2. Catgut sutures, bone & tissue grafts and adhesive dressings 3. Operation theatres 4. Laminar flow hoods 5. Water treatment.
#Chapter1.2#Disinfection 16.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
List the type of Organisms killed by the following Levels of disinfectant 1. Low level disinfectant 2. Intermediate level disinfectant 3. High level disinfectant 4. Chemical sterilants
A. Bacterial spores B. Tubercle bacilli C. Non enveloped viruses D. Fungi E. Enveloped viruses
F. Vegetative bacteria
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
Best Method of sterilization/disinfection used in following clinical situations 1. Clinical thermometer 2. Paraffin 3. Glass syringe 4. Glass Flask, 5. Glass slide, 6. Oil, grease, fat, glycerol 7. OT, entryway, ward, laboratory fumigation 8. Preservation of anatomical specimen 9. Cystoscope and bronchoscope 10. Heart lung machine, respirator, dental equipments 11. Vaccine 12. Sera 13. Antibiotic solution 14. Sugar solution 15. Sharp instruments 16. Milk 17. Metallic inoculation wire 18. Plastic syringe 19. Catgut suture 20. Infective material like soiled dressing, bedding, animal carcasses 21. Metallic surgical instruments 22. Water 23. Skin 24. lenses
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
List the Levels of disinfectant the following belong to? 1. Glutaraldehyde 2. Formaldehyde 3. H2O2 Chlorine 4. Isopropyl alcohol 5. Phenol Iodophore 6. Quatern. ammonium
A. Low level disinfectant B. Intermediate level disinfectant C. High level disinfectant D. Chemical sterilants
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Match the following according to Spaulding’s classification of medical devices 1. Critical device 2. Semi-critical device 3. Non-critical devices 4. Non-critical surfaces
A. Comes in with intact skin B. Enter a normally sterile site C. Come in with mucous membranes or minor skin breaches D. Less direct with patient
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question5
Match the following : What is the Biological Sterilization Indicator A. Hot air oven B. Autoclave C. Filtration D. Ionizing radiation E. Ethylene oxide F. Plasma sterilization
1. Clostridium tetani non toxigenic strain, 2. Brevundimonas diminuta, 3. Serratia 4. Bacillus pumilus 5. Bacillus globigi 6. Geobacillus stearothermophilus, 7. Bacillus subtilis subsp.niger
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
Which of the following disinfectant are NOT Inactivated by organic matter 1. Glutaraldehyde 2. Formaldehyde 3. H2O2 Chlorine 4. Isopropyl alcohol 5. Phenol Iodophore 6. Quatern. ammonium
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Match the following according to Spaulding’s classification of medical devices A. Critical device B. Semi-critical device C. Non-critical devices D. Non-critical surfaces
1. Endoscopes, 2. Surgical Instruments 3. Stethoscope 4. Computers 5. Implants 6. Eye & dental instruments 7. Respiratory therapy equipments, 8. Anesthesia equipments, 9. Thermometer 10. Examination table 11. Rectal/vaginal /esophageal probes 12. BP cuff 13. Cardiac and urinary catheters 14. ECG electrodes 15. Bedpans 16. Crutches 17. Surfaces of medical equipments 18. Laryngoscope
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Which of the following are Sporicidal agents: 1. Pasteurization 2. Ethylene oxide 3. Isopropyl alcohol 4. Formaldehyde 5. Glutaraldehyde 6. Iodophore 7. Hydrogen peroxide 8. Phenol 9. Peracetic acid 10. O-Phthalic acid 11. Plasma sterilization 12. Quatern. ammonium 13. Autoclave 14. Arnold Steamer 15. Hot air oven
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
Which is the most resistant structure to sterilization and which methods are recommended for sterilization of this material?
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question10
TESTING OF DISINFECTANTS: True or Falser reading Phenol coefficient (Rideal Walker) test 1. E.coli is taken as test organism 2. Phenol is taken as standard disinfectant against which the test disinfectant is checked 3. Phenol coefficient >10 is taken as is satisfactory 4. Can be used to test any disinfectant 5. It can assess the ability of the disinfectant to act in presence of organic matter.
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 16.6.2016 #Chapter1.2#Disinfection #ApurbaSastry
#Question11
MATCH THE FOLLOWING REGARDIG TESTING OF DISINFECTANTS:
1. Kelsey and Maurer test 2. Capacity (Kelsey-Sykes) test 3. Chick Martin test
A. Check the ability to work the presence of organic matter B. Checks the capacity of a disinfectant to retain its activity when repeatedly used microbiologically. C. Checks the disinfectant is effective in actual use in hospital practice.
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification 17.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question1
Agar: True or False • Used for solidifying the culture media. • It has nutritional property. • Prepared from the cell wall of seaweeds • Agar is less preferred over gelatine, as it melts at 42°C and usually solidifies at 98°C • Concentration of agaro For solid agar preparation-It is used in concentration of 6% o For semisolid agar- 0.5% o For solid agar to inhibit Proteus swarming- 1-2%
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question2
Which is NOT a Simple/ basal media a) Peptone water b) Nutrient broth c) Nutrient agar d) Alkaline Peptone water
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question3
What are the compositions of the following Simple/ basal media (select from the options given below)? a) Peptone water b) Nutrient broth c) Nutrient agar
1. Peptone (1%) 2. NaCl (0.5%) 3. Water 4. Meat extract (1%) 5. 2% agar
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question4
Which media is used for the following function? A. Simple/ basal media B. Enriched media C. Enrichment broth D. Selective media E. Transport media F. Differential media
1. Growth of fastidious organism 2. Testing the non-fastidiousness of bacteria 3. Liquid media used for Selecting a pathogen from stool or sputum specimens 4. They serve as the base for the preparation of many other media. 5. Nutrient broth is used for studying the bacterial growth curve 6. Performing the biochemical tests such as oxidase, catalase and slide agglutination test 7. To study the colony character and Pigment demonstration 8. Differentiating between gram negative bacilli into LF or NLF 9. Test hemolysis 10. Solid media used for Selecting a pathogen from stool or sputum specimens
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question5
What type of media and used for which organisms? 1. Stuart’s medium 2. Pike’s medium 3. Cary Blair medium 4. Amies medium 5. Buffered glycerol saline 6. VR(Venkatraman-Ramakrishnan) medium 7. Cary Blair medium 8. Autoclaved sea water
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question6
List the methods for Preservation of Microorganisms
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question7
Match the following: Anaerobic Culture Methods and principle used: 1. Evacuation of air and replacement with hydrogen gas manually) 2. Evacuation of air and replacement with hydrogen gas done by automated instrument 3. Absorption of oxygen chemically, e.g. using alkaline pyrogallol 4. Cooked meat pieces
A. Gas pak System B. McIntosh and Filde's anaerobic jar C. Reducing agents
D. Anoxomat System
1. Short term preservation methods2. Long term preservation methods
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question8
Indicators of anaerobiosis are: • Chemical indicator- _______________ • Biological indicator- _______________
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question9
PRAS media 1. Full form and 2. Where it is used?
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question10
Most common typing methods used for this organisms? 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Shigella sonnei 3. Gonococcus
4. C.diphtheriae( gravis, intermedius and mitis) 5. Lancefield grouping 6. Vibrio choleraeO1(classical and El Tor) 7. Yersinia pestis (Antiqua, Medievalis, or Orientalis)
1. Serotyping 2. Bacteriophage typing 3. Bacteriocin typing4. Biotyping 5. Auxotyping
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question11
Match the following. Which type of PCR is used in the following situations? 1. For amplifying 6S rRNA genes 2. Double round of amplification 3. Syndromic approach4. Uses >1 primer targeting DNA sequences of several organisms 5. Uses 2 primers: 2nd primer targets the same organism but a different DNA sequence. 6. Quantitative analysis 7. Amplification can be visualized simultaneously during the process of amplification
A. Nested PCR B. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)C. Multiplex PCR D. Real-time PCR (rt-PCR)
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question12
Which of the culture method is used in the following purpose? 1. Streak culture 2. Lawn or carpet culture 3. Stroke culture 4. Stab culture5. Liquid culture 6. Pour-plate culture
1. Routinely used for isolation of bacteria from clinical specimen 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing 3. Bacteriophage typing 4. Used for citrate media 5. Used for urease test 6. Used for TSI (triple sugar iron test) 7. Maintaining stock cultures, 8. Mannitol motility medium, 9. Nutrient agar semisolid butts\ 10. Blood culture 11. For sterility testing. 12. When large yields of bacteria are required 13. For demonstration of bacterial growth curve 14. To estimate viable bacterial count
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question13
What is the Sequence of steps occurs in a PCR cycle? And what temp all these steps take place?
1. Extension of the primer 2. Denaturation 3. Primer annealing
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question14
Math the following: Principle used in automated culture methods? 1. 1.BACTEC 2. 2.BacT/Alert 3. 3.ESP culture system 4. MGIT (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube)
A. For M.tuberculosis B. Based on fluorescent based detection technique C. Based on colorimetry D. Based on pressure change, detected by manometry
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016 #Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification #ApurbaSastry
#Question15
Answer the following about the following aspects of the culture media1. Name of the media 2. Type of Media - Basal /Enriched/Enrichment/Selective/DIfferential/Transport/Anaerobic/for AST 3. Where used 4. Expected growth.
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics 18.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 Q 1 Property of Plasmid: true or False 1. Extra chromosomal 2. ss linear DNA 3. Cannot replicate independently 4. Can be integrated with chromosome 5. Essential for life of bacteria 6. They may be present always single in number. 7. Curing is The process of eliminating the plasmids from bacteria
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 Q2 Plasmid may integrate with chromosomal DNA of bacteria and such plasmids are called as ….? A. Episomes B. Transposons C. Monosomes D. Plasmosomes
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 3 Horizontal gene transfer occurs in all except: i)Transformation ii) Transduction iii) Lysogenic conversion iv) Conjugation v) Mutation
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 4 Transformation has not been studied so far in which of the following bacteria: A. Streptococcus, B. Staphylococcus C. Bacillus, D. Haemophilus, E. Neisseria, F. Acinetobacter G. Pseudomonas
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 5 1. List the five toxins that are coded by bacteriophage DNA?
2. Bacteriophage coded toxins are transferred by transduction or lysogenic conversion?
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 6 Griffith experiment (1928) on mice using pneumococci. Which strain of Pneumococcus can kill mice? A. Live Rough strains B. Dead Smooth strains C. Live Smooth strains D. Dead Rough strains
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics #ApurbaSastry 18.6.2016 -Q 7 Griffith experiment (1928) is used to demonstrate ? i)Transformation ii) Transduction iii) Lysogenic conversion iv) Conjugation v) Mutation
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance 19.6.2016 ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q 1 The following Resistance is an e.g. of A. Intrinsic antimicrobial resistance or B. Acquired antimicrobial resistance
1. Anaerobic bacteria to Clindamycin 2. Anaerobic bacteria to Aminoglycosides 3. Aerobic bacteria to Metronidazole 4. Aerobic bacteria to Penicillin 5. Gram-negative bacteria to Vancomycin 6. Gram-psotive bacteria to Vancomycin 7. E.coli to Ampicillin 8. Klebsiella species to Ampicillin 9. E.coli to Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol 10. Pseudomonas to Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol 11. Enterococci to Vancomycin 12. Enterococci to Aminoglycosides and All cephalosporins
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q2 The following statements hold true for A)Mutational drug resistance B) Transferable drug resistance 1. Resistance to one drug at a time 2. High degree resistance
3. Resistance can be overcome by combination of drugs 4. Virulence of resistance mutants - not decreased bcoz of resistance 5. Resistance is not transferable to other organisms; but spread to off springs by vertical spread only
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q 3 True or false regarding Bacteria showing resistance to Βeta-Lactam Antibiotics 1. Drug inactivation (by producing β-lactamase enzyme)- seen in mainly Gram negative bacteria 2. Alteration of target site-PBP (penicillin-binding protein) is altered to PBP2a- seen in mainly Gram negative bacteria 3. Decreased permeability - due to altered outer-membrane porins- seen in mainly Gram- positive bacteria 4. Efflux pumps mediate expulsion of the drug(s) from the cell I the main mechanism seen in anaerobic organisms
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance #ApurbaSastry 19.6.2016 -Q 4 The antibiotic-organism combination given below show which of the following Broad resistance category ? A. Decreased permeability across the cell wall B. Efflux pumps C. By modification of the antimicrobial target sites within the bacteria D. By enzymatic inactivation
1. S.aureus to Vancomycin 2. of Enterobacteriaceae to Chloramphenicol
3. Resistance to Aminoglycosides 4. MRSA to betalactams 5. Streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6. Enterococcus to Vancomycin 7. Rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 8. Quinolone resistance seen in S.aureus and S. pneumoniae 9. Staphylococci against macrolides and streptogramins 10. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae against fluoroquinolones
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