Em Commerce v1214

A STUDY ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF E-COMMERCE AND M-COMMERCE AT SKYWARE SOLUTIONS (P) LTD, CHENNAI CHAPTER I 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION M-Commerce is the term for making business transactions using mobile devices. There are already several existing M-Commerce applications and services nowadays that have been very helpful to us. Some are mobile banking, location maps, and variety of news, mobile shopping, ticketing and mobile file sharing. Mobiles are being used more and more on daily basis and its more then just making and receiving a call. Mobile companies are coming up with new features for their smart phones, which offers consumers ease, flexibility and security at the same time. Myself I have a Blackberry and an iphone which I use both to run my online business, from sending and receiving emails, online s, socialise on Facebook and Twitter and also paying for my shopping so I just need to collect it. I believe if I was to loose my phone, I would be lost, as I would have no communication, besides my wife calling me, I wouldn’t be able to operate my day to day business. Having these features on my phone, saves me hours in a day, as I don’t go home to a full inbox of emails, I don’t need to wait in queues to collect my shopping, as I have already paid for it. Doing M-Commerce transactions do not require the to plug anything like personal computer or wait for the laptop to load. Just hit the on button of your mobile device and your ready to go. Despite the small screen, having something in your pocket that can do so much via M-Commerce is really an amazing technology and a great help. E-Commerce business are also making applications for mobile phones which allows s to browse their online products and make payments with couple of buttons. With the growth of smartphones, tablets and mobile devices, mobile commerce or mcommerce has started to gain prominence amongst the digital marketplace.

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According to an eBay study, Mobile Assisted Commerce (MAC) is set to come to the mainstream in India in 2012. With reductions in smartphone prices and increased 3G penetration, m-commerce is set to increase. The recent Airtel ment showing a girl buying bags after her mother sends money 'through mobile' or the one showing a friend helping another with Rs 65 through his mobile (for a drink of course!) are just the examples of companies trying to tap the m-commerce market in the country. Mobile Commerce Mobile Commerce refers to wireless electronic commerce used for conducting commerce or business through a handy device like cellular phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDAs). It is also said that it is the next generation wireless e-commerce that needs no wire and plug-in devices. Mobile commerce is usually called as 'm-Commerce' in which can do any sort of transaction including buying and selling of the goods, asking any services, transferring the ownership or rights, transacting and transferring the money by accessing wireless internet service on the mobile handset itself. The next generation of commerce would most probably be mobile commerce or mcommerce. Presuming its wide potential reach all major mobile handset manufacturing companies are making WAP enabled smart phones and providing the maximum wireless internet and web facilities covering personal, official and commerce requirement to pave the way of mcommerce that would later be very fruitful for them. Worldwide, nearly 1 in 3 phones sold in 2011 was a smartphone. Couple this with the wide uptake of tablets and other portable devices; it’s obvious to see that consumers have incredibly advanced technology available for their mobile lifestyle. Increasingly, what used to be strictly e-commerce is now becoming m-commerce, or a combination of both. We concluded that regardless of the transaction, we would need a wallet that could be accessed from many devices. I should be able to transfer money to friends and family, pay for physical and virtual goods and services and pay in shops in any way I want. Similar to how m-commerce has created

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opportunities, the next generation of digital wallets will enable the lifestyle we want and need. Who will provide us with the wallet then? Well, that is the important question. Operators have the opportunity to leverage their subscriber base but if they are too slow to adopt, someone else will close the window of opportunity. Now is the time to act. The presence of etailers with mobile sites is growing; but just like Internet adoption in the mid-‘90s, e-retailers today are taking baby steps toward initiating a mobile presence. At the moment the majority of m-commerce transactions are limited to mobile device add-ons like ringtones, games, wallpapers and screensavers.” Recent studies conducted earlier this year prove that mcommerce is still fairly small today- with approximately 3.4% – 3.9% of American mobile s utilizing mcommerce. What is interesting, however, is what these consumers are buying. While the number or consumers utilizing m-commerce platforms has not changed too drastically, the purchases have. Of those that have made purchases via their mobile phones 58% purchased digital content for their phones, 51% purchased consumer electronics, 37% purchased computers/laptops/related equipment, 36% purchased books, 31% purchased apparel and 20% purchased jewelry. This illustrates that consumers who use their mobile phones to make purchases are now purchasing as if they were in a retail store. This is a dramatic difference in purchasing patterns is likely a result of increased consumer confidence in the security of m-commerce. A recent poll found that approximately 71% of consumers believe it is “very safe” or “fairly safe” to make a purchase via mobile phone. Moving forward ecommerce companies should do two things: get educated about mcommerce and leave room for m-commerce in their marketing plans. First of all, find out as much as you can about mcommerce now and stay briefed on the latest news as advancements are made so that when mcommerce starts to become vital to your business you are ready with strategy and insight. Secondly, begin developing a marketing strategy that will leverage your mcommerce website when it is time to invest in it.

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Mobile commerce (aka “mcommerce”) refers to consumers shopping via wireless handheld accessories such as cell phones and PDAs. An mcommerce site is a version of a company’s webpage that is designed to fit within the constraints of a cell phone or PDA. (For more information on what makes a site m-commerce friendly please see “Make Your Site iPhone Friendly.”) While some mcommerce sites are set up to drive sales, the majority of retailers utilize mcommerce primarily as an additional branding channel. E-Commerce is short for electronic commerce and refers to the field of marketing, buying, selling, distributing and servicing different products and/or services over the internet. It aims at using electronic business applications for the purpose of commercial transactions. ECommerce is believed to have started off in 1994 when the first ever banner appeared on the internet but electric commerce not using the internet must have originated as far back as the 1970s when technologies such as Electronic Funds Transfer and Electric Data Interchange were being used. M-Commerce on the other hand stands for Mobile Commerce and refers to commercial transactions being conducted over cellular and mobile devices. M-Commerce originated sometime during the 1990s. The methods of payment used are normally calling numbers with rates, reduction of the caller's credit and charging the 's bill. NULMAN: Mobile, while potent, is not for everybody. You want to add mobile to your mix if there is a reason to communicate with your customers on an immediate basis. If you're the type of merchant who can offer fast-changing deals, and can make it very beneficial for your customers to hear from you instantly, mobile's for you. It is very important to mobile is not another channel to funnel e-mail blasts. PARRY: For a merchant, is it just as easy as adding a .mobi? Or are we talking an entire new platform? In layman's , what will a new platform involve? NULMAN: Adding a .mobi is a tactic, not a panacea. A mobile site can still be accessed without that suffix. More importantly, if you choose to go the mobile Web site route, it is important to minimize the content and focus on the basics. Make sure the content fits not only on the screen of a mobile device, but also caters to the reduced attention span of a mobile customer. Page 4

The platform is similar to the web, but in order to promote rapid purchases you need to to concentrate on the essentials. PARRY: So are we talking about retailers getting entire catalog lines inside someone's mobile device? Or will it be more similar to e-mail marketing, where a few products will be teased? NULMAN: Less indeed is more. In Japan, you have full-catalog, full-blown mobile commerce sites, and they work well. But this is not Japan. You must start slowly and first prove your concept and make customers comfortable shopping (and not even necessarily buying) on mobile. With this careful approach, your sales should increase alongside their comfort level. PARRY: How similar? For merchants, is the advent of mobile to the early days of e-commerce, and what mistakes can be learned from the past and carried into this new channel? NULMAN: Very similar. Check the minutes of your meetings where you pulled out your hair, and that not even Amazon.com was built in a day. What you're trying to do here is make customers commit while outside a traditional retail environment. What works in store and now online will most likely not work on mobile. Take a walk outside and see how consumers interact with their mobile devices, and tailor your offers to this behavior. Limit the information and increase the reasons why they should act immediately. PARRY: Consumers are trusting when it comes to making secure purchases on the Web. But are credit card transactions as safe when they are going through a mobile platform? NULMAN: They will be, but we will face the same type of consumer distrust reticence we saw in the early days of the web. Second step will see us store our card numbers in our device for one-click transactions, and eventually, most purchases will go right onto your carrier bill, as they do in Japan. This could be the next big commerce battleground…between the banks, the credit card companies and the carriers.

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PARRY: How long do you think it will take for merchants to implement mobile, and will it be an all-at-once or gradual adoption rate? NULMAN: If they're smart, it will be gradual. Take your time; we lived this long without it, so let's find the right way to live with it. If it's all-at-once, it will soon be not-at-all. Advantage of M-Commerce M-commerce has several major advantages over its fixed counterparts because of its specific inbuilt characteristics such as ubiquity, personalization, flexibility, and distribution, mobile commerce promises exceptional business market potential, greater efficiency and higher fruitfulness. Thus it is not surprising that mobile commerce is emerging much faster than its fixed counterpart. M-commerce is more personalized than e-commerce and thus needs a gentle approach to appraise m-commerce applications. Areas / Uses of M-Commerce In the current commerce industry, mobile commerce or M-Commerce has been entered in finance, services, retails, tele-communication and information technology services. In these sectors, M-Commerce is not only being widely accepted but also it is being more used as a popular way of business/ commerce. Finance Sectors Mobile Commerce works vastly in finance sector including all big and major financial institutes, banks, stock market and share brokers. Whenever any needs money or wants any sort of banking and finance related services, he/she can access the services or services via voice calling or via Short Message Services (SMS) services. WAP based mobile handsets allow the to access the official website of the institute. Page 6

can transact money or transfer money, or pay the bill from its bank using mobile commerce facilities. Banks also provide round the clock customer care services, which can be used any time through voice calling. Some customer care services are also provides nonvoice services on mobile that is known as insta-alert facility. While in the stock market, the can access the stock market quotes and get in live touch with current trading status on its mobile in two forms either voice (customer assistance) or non-voice (sms alerts) or both. The share broker sends market trends and tips of trading on their clients' mobile. Also broker can suggest the appropriate stock for intra-day trading to their s. Telecommunication Sectors Mobile has played a giant role in communication technology through its versatility and superiority. The ubiquity and easy usage has further made it extremely popular across the globe. It has already sured the fixed phone in the world. Software platform is essential for operating any mobile and this tool has revolutionized the communication world because of its functioning as a small computer. The booming popularity has forced the corporate world to develop a new commerce platform that can reach to masses. Mobile commerce has attracted massive traffic because of its unique characteristics. The can change the service of any financial institute or banks if gets better product and service or is unsatisfied with the service of the subscribing company. Besides this several bills can be paid using mobile and can also check the available balance, the status of cheques, the status of requested processing and customer care . Several dealings can be handled through mobile phones. Service / Retail sectors Service and Retail sectors are also among the leading sectors, which have nurtured most from mobile commerce. M-Commerce has proved a major boon for these sectors. Several Page 7

business dealings no matter how big or small are being finalized on the mobile phone. Customer would be able to book the order, can hire carrier/courier services and above all could also pay the dues related to it through mobile. Information Sector After the bursting of dotcom bubble, e-commerce has gone downwards to hell. But the evolution of mobile commerce has again worked as ambrosia for them. A separate sector has been evolved to exercise on this field for the IT experts. The have skilfully exploited this new area of IT-enabled commerce. In the IT field, mobile commerce has been used massively to deliver financial news, stock updates, sports figures and traffic updates and many more onto a single handheld device 'mobile' . History of M-Commerce Despite of huge popularity of mobile commerce, it is yet in the initial stage and can be further expand in to all the fields, which affect the human life. The assumption of mobile commerce is not so young as it mushroomed so early from adopting this technology. It initially begins with the use of wireless POS (Point Of Sale) swipe terminals and has since then made its way into cellular phones and PDA's (Personal Digital Assistants). The first enabling mcommerce technologies were presented through Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and imode mobile Internet service. WAP builds on digital phone technology and first emerged on 2.5 G phone technology that allowed s to browse the Internet. This technology cemented the way of m-commerce, which has strongly developed on 3G-phone technology. Nokia has first introduced m-commerce application software Nokia toolkit version 4.0. The future of m-Commerce seems extremely bright because several experiments are going on to introduce the upgraded version of mobile likely to emerged with the evolution of 4G mobile technology. Page 8

Unless you have been living under a rock for the last few years, you have probably heard about e-commerce. And you have heard about it from several different angles. You may have: •

heard about all of the companies that offer e-commerce because you have been bombarded by their TV and radio ads.

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read all of the news stories about the shift to e-commerce and the hype that has developed around e-commerce companies.

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seen the huge valuations that Web companies get in the stock market, even when they don't make a profit.

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purchased something on the Web, so you have direct personal experience with ecommerce Still, you may feel like you don't understand e-commerce at all. What is all the hype

about? Why the huge valuations? And most importantly, is there a way for you to participate? If you have an e-commerce idea, how might you get started implementing it? If you have had questions like these, then this article will help out by exposing you to the entire e-commerce space. Ecommerce definition and types of ecommerce Ecommerce (e-commerce) or electronic commerce, a subset of ebusiness, is the purchasing, selling, and exchanging of goods and services over computer networks (such as the Internet) through which transactions or of sale are performed electronically. Contrary to popular belief, ecommerce is not just on the Web. In fact, ecommerce was alive and well in business to business transactions before the Web back in the 70s via EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) through VANs (Value-Added Networks). Ecommerce can be broken into four main categories: B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C.

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B2B(Business-to-Business) Companies doing business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable.

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B2C(Business-to-Consumer) Businesses selling to the general public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software. By dollar volume, B2B takes the prize, however B2C is really what the average Joe has in mind with regards to ecommerce as a whole.

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Having a hard time finding a book? Need to purchase a custom, high-end computer system? How about a first class, all-inclusive trip to a tropical island? With the advent ecommerce, all three things can be purchased literally in minutes without human interaction. Oh how far we've come!

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C2B(Consumer-to-Business) A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours companies review the consumer's requirements and bid on the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that will complete the project. Elance empowers consumers around the world by providing the meeting ground and platform for such transactions.

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C2C(Consumer-to-Consumer) There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease. eBay's auction service is a great example of where person-to-person transactions take place everyday since 1995. Companies using internal networks to offer their employees products and services

online--not necessarily online on the Web--are engaging in B2E (Business-to-Employee) ecommerce.

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G2G

(Government-to-Government),

G2E

(Government-to-Employee),

G2B

(Government-to-Business), B2G (Business-to-Government), G2C (Government-to-Citizen), C2G (Citizen-to-Government) are other forms of ecommerce that involve transactions with the government--from procurement to filing taxes to business registrations to renewing licenses. There are other categories of ecommerce out there, but they tend to be superfluous. A type of business model, or segment of a larger business model, that enables a firm or individual to conduct business over an electronic network, typically the internet. Electronic commerce operates in all four of the major market segments: business to business, business to consumer, consumer to consumer and consumer to business. Ecommerce has allowed firms to establish a market presence, or to enhance an already larger market position, by allowing for a cheaper and more efficient distribution chain for their products or services. One example of a firm having successfully used ecommerce is Borders. This book store not only has physical stores, but also has an online store where the customer can buy books, CDs and DVDs. You are just at the right place to know all about e-commerce. E-commerce or electronic commerce, comprises of the buying and selling of products, services or information over electronic methods such as the Internet. But actually it is much more than just buying and selling products online. Read on to get a true e-commerce definition. E-commerce solutions include the complete process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services online. With widespread usage of internet, the amount of electronic trade has grown extraordinarily. Modern e-commerce stimulates and draws on advances and improvements in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, online transaction processing, inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Other wider range of technologies like e-mail, mobile devices and telephones are encomed as well.

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Conducting business online. Selling goods, in the traditional sense, is possible to do electronically because of certain software programs that run the main functions of an ecommerce Web site, including product display, online ordering, and inventory management. The software resides on a commerce server and works in conjunction with online payment systems to process payments. Since these servers and data lines make up the backbone of the Internet, in a broad sense, e-commerce means doing business over interconnected networks. The definition of e-commerce includes business activities that are business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), extended enterprise computing (also known as "newly emerging value chains"), d-commerce, and m-commerce. E-commerce is a major factor in the U.S. economy because it assists companies with many levels of current business transactions, as well as creating new online business opportunities that are global in nature. Here are a few examples of e-commerce: •

accepting credit cards for commercial online sales

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generating online advertising revenue

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trading stock in an online brokerage

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driving information through a company via its intranet

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driving manufacturing and distribution through a value chain with partners on an extranet

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selling to consumers on a pay-per- basis, through a Web site

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Different types of e-commerce models exist among various groups. As e-commerce means trading over the internet, one cannot confine the work of commerce electronically only to certain groups. Several types of e-commerce concentrate on business substitutes involving goods and services between various corporations. Opposing to well accepted belief, e-commerce is not just on the Web.

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The three types of e-commerce such as business-to-business, business-to-consumer and business-to-employee represent a range of different schemas of transactions which are notable according to their participants.

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You are at the right place to understand the concepts and different types of e-commerce models.

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E-commerce is one of the most significant aspects of the Internet today. Having emerged recently and growing at a steady speed, it becomes essential to look at the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce. Selling and buying products and services online over electronic systems with the assistance of computers needs to be looked at from all perspectives. Like any other conventional business, electronic commerce is also characterized by some inbuilt benefits and drawbacks. Let's have a look at some of these important advantages and disadvantages of electronic commerce.

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E-commerce is definitely the new commerce arena, with the advent of faster internet connectivity and powerful online tools. Carrying out business at a lightening speed is bound to have its own pluses and minuses. Learning the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce will help one gain complete knowledge about this medium of business.

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You are just at the right destination to learn about advantages and disadvantages of ecommerce.

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Business-to-Business or B2B consists of leading form of E-commerce. This type of ecommerce defines the buyer and seller to be two different entities. It is chiefly the selling between companies, which are wholesale rather than retail, but in actual practice is much more than that. Read on to know more about Business-to-Business model.

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Business-to-Business type of e-commerce involves efficient use of capital demands small inventories. It is important to maintain detailed information flows between all parties involved in today's manufacturing processes which can be complex. Expanding the circle of suppliers and centralizing control as well are important part in these types of ecommerce.

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Business-to-Business models in e-commerce are an important part of any business online. Putting aside the simple transfer of funds, it needs to cover more. Creditworthiness assessment and guaranteeing the quality and delivery of goods, while safeguarding against fraud are important.Detailed reporting including approval of sale, invoicing, delivery, payment is essential. There are proper procedures to handle disputes.

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Business-to-Business model has reportedly done better than other type of ecommerce. Encouraging higher profits with steadier growth, higher profits, there are even marked differences between types of software and their successes within this model. Extensive company reorganization and retraining are essential to improve management.

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Benefits of Business-to-Business models comprise of promoting ones businesses online. There is easy import and export of products. It is simpler to determine buyers and suppliers and position trade guides.

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The future prospects for Business-to-Business are bright. With trillions of dollars of worth goods bought and sold online and predicted in the coming years, demand is growing for B2B products. European firms expect Business-to-Business investment to generate a 5% productivity growth.

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1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE The Global Mobile Commerce Forum, which came to include over 100 organisations, had its fully minuted launch in London on 10 November 1997. Kevin Duffey was elected as the Executive Chairman at the first meeting in November 1997. The meeting was opened by Dr Mike Short, former chairman of the GSM Association, with the very first forecasts for mobile commerce from Kevin Duffey (Group Telecoms Director of Logica) and Tom Alexander (later CEO of Virgin Mobile and then of Orange). Over 100 companies ed the Forum within a year, many forming mobile commerce teams of their own, e.g. Mastercard and Motorola. Of these hundred companies, the first two were Logica and Cellnet (which later became O2). Member organisations such as Nokia, Apple, Alcatel, and Vodafone began a series of trials and collaborations, many of which are summarised here. Mobile commerce services were first delivered in 1997, when the first two mobile-phone enabled Coca Cola vending machines were installed in the Helsinki area in Finland. The machines accepted payment via SMS text messages. The first mobile phone-based banking service was launched in 1997 by Merita Bank of Finland, also using SMS. The m-Commerce(tm) server developed in late 1997 by Kevin Duffey at Logica won the 1998 Financial Times award for "most innovative mobile product," in a solution implemented with De La Rue, Motorola and Logica. The Financial Times commended the solution for "turning mobile commerce into a reality." In 1998, the first sales of digital content as s to mobile phones were made possible when the first commercial able ringtones were launched in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj). Two major national commercial platforms for mobile commerce were launched in 1999: Smart Money (http://smart.com.ph/money/) in the Philippines, and NTT DoCoMo's i-Mode Internet service in Japan. i-Mode offered a revolutionary revenue-sharing plan where NTT DoCoMo kept 9 percent of the fee s paid for content, and returned 91 percent to the content owner. Mobile-commerce-related services spread rapidly in early 2000. Norway launched mobile parking payments. Austria offered train ticketing via mobile device. Japan offered mobile purchases of airline tickets. Page 15

In April 2002, building on the work of the Global Mobile Commerce Forum (GMCF), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) appointed Joachim Hoffmann of Motorola to develop official standards for mobile commerce. In appointing Mr Hoffman, ETSI quoted industry analysts as predicting "that m-commerce is poised for such an exponential growth over the next few years that could reach US$200 billion by 2004". The first book to cover mobile commerce was Tomi Ahonen's M-profits in 2002. The first university short course to discuss mobile commerce was held at the University of Oxford in 2003, with Tomi Ahonen and Steve Jones lecturing. As of 2008, UCL Computer Science and Peter J. Bentley demonstrated the potential for medical applications on mobile devices. PDAs and cellular phones have become so popular that many businesses are beginning to use mobile commerce as a more efficient way to communicate with their customers. In order to exploit the potential mobile commerce market, mobile phone manufacturers such as Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, and Qualcomm are working with carriers such as AT&T Wireless and Sprint to develop WAP-enabled smartphones. Smartphones offer fax, e-mail, and phone capabilities. Evaluate site design and functionality and document enhancement recommendations from business stakeholders and product managers. Maintain up-to-date knowledge of current experience/website industry standards and best practices.

Monitor and analyze products and services, market trends, and customer

requirements. Assist in performing usability testing of proposed designs. Conduct competitive audits and other research. Analyze related web metrics once implementation is complete (traffic, visibility, outreach, effectiveness) and coordinate updates with the various of the key business units to ensure ongoing maintenance. Define business and functional requirements on behalf of the business to provide to systems analysts for implementation.Work closely with business s to understand their business needs and opportunities for the use of technology to improve their processes, and help them meet their business objectives. Understand the applications ing the s, their capabilities and limitations. Assist the business s in developing business cases, including costs, benefits, and risks analysis. Page 16

Develop an excellent working relationship with business s and IT, providing very customer focused and responsive to their business needs. Acts as liaison between systems software development staff, management, and system end-s to determine requirements. Translate business requirements into functional specifications for necessary systems modifications to satisfy business needs. Work with IT to determine best technical solution to achieve objectives. Work with QA and IT to develop test scripts based on functional specifications and participate in testing of systems enhancements and modifications. Serves as subject matter expert with content, processes, and procedures associated with the design of efficient, cost effective solutions.Perform quality reviews of data results throughout the project lifecycle. Coordinate implementation of the system software, including conversion of data to the new system, and work with application personnel to resolve system problems. Work proactively with end s to identify technical solutions to business problems or inefficiencies. Work with the teams to ensure training materials and curriculums are developed to systems enhancements and modifications.

Document system specifications, note and

communicate any changes in procedure. "Profitability for device vendors and carriers hinges on high-end mobile devices and the accompanying killer applications," said Burchett.[who?] Perennial early adopters, such as the youth market, which are the least price sensitive, as well as more open to mobile content and applications, must also be a key target for device vendors. Since the launch of the iPhone, mobile commerce has moved away from SMS systems and into actual applications. SMS has significant security vulnerabilities and congestion problems, even though it is widely available and accessible. In addition, improvements in the capabilities of modern mobile devices make it prudent to place more of the resource burden on the mobile device. More recently, brick and mortar business owners, and big-box retailers in particular, have made an effort to take advantage of mobile commerce by utilizing a number of mobile capabilities such as location based services, barcode scanning, and push notifications to improve Page 17

the customer experience of shopping in physical stores. By creating what is referred to as a 'bricks & clicks' environment, physical retailers can allow customers to access the common benefits of shopping online (such as product reviews, information, and coupons) while still shopping in the physical store. This is seen as a bridge between the gap created by e-commerce and in-store shopping, and is being utilized by physical retailers as a way to compete with the lower prices typically seen through online retailers. M-Commerce is the term for making business transactions using mobile devices. There are already several existing M-Commerce applications and services nowadays that have been very helpful to us. Some are mobile banking, location maps, and variety of news, mobile shopping, ticketing and mobile file sharing. Shoppers are already a part of frenzied life, trying to fit in all the other chores in their life in limited time. And online shopping remains a challenge for most of them. Making the shopping cart process easier and simpler can simplify things a lot and improve e-commerce. Buying last minute gifts or wanting a niche product still remains a challenge on internet, especially with a complicated shopping cart process. Web retailers actually want to offer a great shopping experience for their consumers. But what most of them don’t realize is that most shoppers get discouraged if they find the shopping cart process not easy to follow. So as the first step to improve e-commerce, make the shopping process easy and intuitive. Making the shopping cart process overly long is a sure shot way to lose your potential customer. Remove any un-necessary fields for unimportant information. Condense your checkout process to a max of 2 pages at most and with very few fields to fill in. Review the check out pages and fields and look out for ay scope of improvement. For instance, do you really need their third name or ask for their work phone? Avoid asking your consumers to confirm their email address twice to ease out the shopping cart process flow. It is always better to offer the the option of buying without having to first. The should be given this option to setup after they have completed out the details for the sale. Get rid of these website frictions which irk the buyer and leave the website in disappointment.

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To find out the general perception of the employees on training and development.

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Overcome Geographical Limitations

If you have a physical store, you are limited by the geographical area that you can service. With an ecommerce website, the whole world is your playground. Additionally, the advent of mcommerce, i.e., ecommerce on mobile devices, has dissolved every remaining limitation of geography. Gain New Customers With Search Engine Visibility Physical retail is driven by branding and relationships. In addition to these two drivers, online retail is also driven by traffic from search engines. It is not unusual for customers to follow a link in search engine results, and land up on an ecommerce website that they have never heard of. This additional source of traffic can be the tipping point for some ecommerce businesses. Lower Costs One of the most tangible positives of ecommerce is the lowered cost. A part of these lowered costs could be ed on to customers in the form of discounted prices. Locate the Product Quicker It is no longer about pushing a shopping cart to the correct aisle, or scouting for the desired product. On an ecommerce website, customers can click through intuitive navigation or use a search box to immediately narrow down their product search. Some websites customer preferences and shopping lists to facilitate repeat purchase. Eliminate Travel Time and Cost It is not unusual for customers to travel long distances to reach their preferred physical store. Ecommerce allows them to visit the same store virtually, with a few mouse clicks. Provide Comparison Shopping Ecommerce facilitates comparison shopping. There are several online services that allow customers to browse multiple ecommerce merchants and find the best prices. Page 19

Enable Deals, Bargains, Coupons, and Group Buying Though there are physical equivalents to deals, bargains, coupons, and group buying, online shopping makes it much more convenient. For instance if a customer has a deep discount coupon for turkey at one physical store and toilet paper at another, she may find it infeasible to avail of both discounts. But the customer could do that online with a few mouse-clicks. Provide Abundant Information There are limitations to the amount of information that can be displayed in a physical store. It is difficult to equip employees to respond to customers who require information across product lines. Ecommerce websites can make additional information easily available to customers. Most of this information is provided by vendors, and does not cost anything to create or maintain. M-Commerce is the term for making business transactions using mobile devices. There are already several existing M-Commerce applications and services nowadays that have been very helpful to us. Some are mobile banking, location maps, and variety of news, mobile shopping, ticketing and mobile file sharing. Mobiles are being used more and more on daily basis and its more then just making and receiving a call. Mobile companies are coming up with new features for their smart phones, which offers consumers ease, flexibility and security at the same time. My self I have a Blackberry and an iphone which I use both to run my online business, from sending and receiving emails, online s, socialise on Facebook and Twitter and also paying for my shopping so I just need to collect it. I believe if I was to loose my phone, I would be lost, as I would have no communication, besides my wife calling me, I wouldn’t be able to operate my day to day business. Having these features on my phone, saves me hours in a day, as I don’t go home to a full inbox of emails, I don’t need to wait in queues to collect my shopping, as I have already paid for it.

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This power to regulate navigation confers upon the United States a dominant servitude, FPC v. Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., 347 U.S. 239, 249 (1954), which extends to the entire stream and the stream bed below ordinary high-water mark. The proper exercise of this power is not an invasion of any private property rights in the stream or the lands underlying it, for the damage sustained does not result from taking property from riparian owners within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment but from the lawful exercise of a power to which the interests of riparian owners have always been subject. United States v. Chicago, M., St. P. & P. R. Co., 312 U.S. 592, 596–597 (1941); Gibson v. United States, 166 U.S. 269, 275–276 (1897). Thus, without being constitutionally obligated to pay compensation, the United States may change the course of a navigable stream, South Carolina v. Georgia, 93 U.S. 4 (1876), or otherwise impair or destroy a riparian owner's access to navigable waters, Gibson v. United States, 166 U.S. 269 (1897); Scranton v. Wheeler, 179 U.S. 141 (1900); United States v. Commodore Park, Inc., 324 U.S. 386 (1945), even though the market value of the riparian owner's land is substantially diminished. Other scholars, such as Robert H. Bork and Daniel E. Troy, argue that prior to 1887, the Commerce Clause was rarely invoked by Congress, and thus a broad interpretation of the word "commerce" was clearly never intended by the Founders. In of this claim, they argue that the word "commerce", as used in the Constitutional Convention and the Federalist Papers, can be substituted with either "trade" or "exchange" interchangeably while preserving the meaning of the statements. They also point to Madison's statement in an 1828 letter that the "Constitution vests in Congress expressly...'the power to regulate trade'."[6][7] Examining contemporaneous dictionaries does not neatly resolve the matter. For instance, the 1792 edition of Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language defines the noun "commerce" narrowly as "[e]xchange of one thing for another; interchange of any thing; trade; traffick", but it defines the corresponding verb "to commerce" more broadly as "[t]o hold intercourse."[8] The word "intercourse" also had a different and wider meaning back in 1792 than it does now. Thus, Ogden contended, Congress could not invalidate his monopoly as long as he only transported engers within New York. The Supreme Court, however, found that Congress could invalidate his monopoly since it was operational on an interstate channel of navigation. Page 21

In its decision, the Court assumed interstate commerce required movement of the subject of regulation across state borders. The decision contains the following principles, some of which have since been altered by subsequent decisions: 1. Commerce is "intercourse, all its branches, and is regulated by prescribing rules for carrying on that intercourse." 2. Commerce among the states cannot stop at the external boundary-line of each state, but may be introduced into the interior... Comprehensive as the word "among" is, it may very properly be restricted to that commerce which concerns more states than one." 3. The Commerce power is the power to regulate, that is "to prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed" which "may be exercised to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limitations other than are prescribed in the Constitution." Additionally, the Marshall Court limited the extent of federal maritime and iralty jurisdiction to tidewaters in The Steamboat Thomas Jefferson.[9] In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. 1 (1831), the Supreme Court addressed whether the Cherokee nation is a foreign state in the sense in which that term is used in the constitution. The Court provided a definition of Indian tribe that clearly made the rights of tribes far inferior to those of foreign states. In part the court said: The new concept has already gained much popularity in the US, Europe, and Africa. In India, though, basic banking transactions and mobile payments are available, but with the increasing use of Smartphone, tablets, latest-applications enabled mobile devices and increasing 3G penetrations in Indian digital market, the mCommerce service is creating its space in the market that can comply with country regulatory guidelines. However, there are future challenges that the industry needs to face. Following the path of major player Kenya’s M-PESA which has facilitated people mobile banking using mobile devices, in India, RBI and TRAI, financial institutions, operators and service providers have partnered with each other to take mCommerce to rural India. For example, SBI and ICICI bank have partnered with a mobile banking technology partner “EKO” for their mobile banking solutions. Likewise, other banks are also following them.

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According to a report by Boston Consulting Group, there is an ample scope for mCommerce in India. At present, India has over 800 million mobile subscribers, including 240 million with bank s, and 20 million with credit cards; there are 88,000 bank branches and 70,000 cash points. The additional fact is that the half of Indian households is still unbanked, including 42% holding at least one mobile phone. This opens a great opportunity for mobile phone industry and financial institutions to galvanize mobile commerce services in India. The latest BCG report has also projected that the fee-based revenue from mobile commerce could be well over $4.5 billion by 2015 in India. Banks, mobile service providers and device manufacturers all have considerable opportunity to generate this revenue. Let us see some of the mCommerce & mPayments services available in India: •

Bill Payments – With the mPayment services, paying all types of utility bills such as water, electricity and gas bills has become much more convenient via mobile phone. People can pay their bill from anywhere and anytime via their mobile phone, thereby they do not need to stand in a queue therefore they can save their lots of time.

Recently, xpWallet announced its launch of mWallet Bill Pay offering, enabling s to receive and view bills instantly through the Internet, USSD and SMS. •

Money Transfer – Funds transfer is one of the unique features of mobile commerce services. Previously, people would require going online on a computer to transfer the funds between one to another bank . Now, one can easily send money to anyone, anywhere; or transfer money between bank s through mobile devices within a few seconds.

•

Retail Transactions – With the rise in shopping malls and retail stores in India, mCommerce & mPayments services are extremely valuable for customers for making payments at the checkouts. Additionally, these services also make online shopping much

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easier and lucrative for both the customers and merchants through various discounts and loyalty coupons. •

Movie Ticketing – Mobile commerce services also enable s to book movie tickets via a mobile phone. Now, people can enjoy watching movies by planning for that anytime in an easier and hassle free manner.

•

Travel Ticketing – Now, scheduling any trip to anywhere and anytime has become convenient with the mCommerce services available in India. People are now able to book train or flight tickets via their mobile phone and have the pleasure of the journey. It is evident that mCommerce and mPayments services have significantly been building

its market in India; and in the near future it will grow rapidly. There are some obstacles such as security of financial transactions and speed of interfaces. Another major obstacle to mcommerce in India is meeting the Know Your Customers (KYC) norms. Though, following Kenya’s National ID system which propelled its m-commerce to a huge success, if India gets its Unique Identity Development Authority of India (UIDAI) or Aadhar project successfully implemented, mobile commerce will rise in India to become the next generation mCommerce for its mass adoption. In conclusion, mobile commerce will certainly be successful in India, but telecom companies and banks do need to spend more to provide safety and security from intrusions and hacking. Further, they also need to build awareness among the consumers by embracing the technology and promoting it ingenuously. xpWallet next generation mCommerce ecosystem offers both core and enterprise mCommerce platforms to deliver services to the masses of India. USSD mCommerce platform, for instance, acts as a comprehensive tutorial to teach the basic mobile phone s how to access mCommerce services and allows them to do financial activities even without Internet access.

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MORE ON M-COMMERCE •

Customers can easily select products from different providers without moving around physically.

•

Any one, good or bad, can easily start a business. And there are many bad sites which eat up customers’ money.

•

There is no guarantee of product quality.

•

Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes.

•

As there is minimum chance of direct customer to company interactions, customer loyalty is always on a check.

•

There are many hackers who look for opportunities, and thus an ecommerce site, service, payment gateways, all are always prone to attack. In 1998, the first sales of digital content as s to mobile phones were made

possible when the first commercial able ringtones were launched in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj). Two major national commercial platforms for mobile commerce were launched in 1999: Smart Money (http://smart.com.ph/money/) in the Philippines, and NTT DoCoMo's i-Mode Internet service in Japan. i-Mode offered a revolutionary revenue-sharing plan where NTT DoCoMo kept 9 percent of the fee s paid for content, and returned 91 percent to the content owner. Mobile-commerce-related services spread rapidly in early 2000. Norway launched mobile parking payments. Austria offered train ticketing via mobile device. Japan offered mobile purchases of airline tickets. In April 2002, building on the work of the Global Mobile Commerce Forum (GMCF), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) appointed Joachim Hoffmann of Motorola to develop official standards for mobile commerce. In appointing Mr Hoffman, ETSI quoted industry analysts as predicting "that m-commerce is poised for such an exponential growth over the next few years that could reach US$200 billion by 2004. In order to exploit the potential mobile commerce market, mobile phone manufacturers such as Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, and Qualcomm are working with carriers such as AT&T

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Wireless and Sprint to develop WAP-enabled smartphones. Smartphones offer fax, e-mail, and phone capabilities. "Profitability for device vendors and carriers hinges on high-end mobile devices and the accompanying killer applications," said Burchett.[who?] Perennial early adopters, such as the youth market, which are the least price sensitive, as well as more open to mobile content and applications, must also be a key target for device vendors. Since the launch of the iPhone, mobile commerce has moved away from SMS systems and into actual applications. SMS has significant security vulnerabilities and congestion problems, even though it is widely available and accessible. In addition, improvements in the capabilities of modern mobile devices make it prudent to place more of the resource burden on the mobile device. More recently, brick and mortar business owners, and big-box retailers in particular, have made an effort to take advantage of mobile commerce by utilizing a number of mobile capabilities such as location based services, barcode scanning, and push notifications to improve the customer experience of shopping in physical stores. By creating what is referred to as a 'bricks & clicks' environment, physical retailers can allow customers to access the common benefits of shopping online (such as product reviews, information, and coupons) while still shopping in the physical store. This is seen as a bridge between the gap created by e-commerce and in-store shopping, and is being utilized by physical retailers as a way to compete with the lower prices typically seen through online retailers. The Google Wallet Mobile App launched in September 2011 and the m-Commerce t venture formed in June 2011 between Vodafone, O2, Orange and T-Mobile are recent developments of note. Reflecting the importance of m-Commerce, in April 2012 the Competition Commissioner of the European Commission ordered an in-depth investigation of the mCommerce t venture between Vodafone, O2, Orange and T-Mobile. The need for mobility is the primary driving force behind mobile commerce, or mCommerce. With the rapid increase in smartphone penetration across the globe, mobile

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commerce has gained increasing acceptance amongst both s and retailers. Mobile services are continuing to impressive growth and mCommerce is also being embraced in sync. •

Mobile commerce will increase at a rate of 65% annually to reach $24 billion in 2015. (Coda Research)

•

mCommerce grew about 150% to 200% last year. (TBI Research)

•

Active mobile banking s in the US will grow from 10 million in 2009 to 53 million by 2013 (TowerGroup)

•

mCommerce will be bigger that eCommerce within 5 years. (Huffington Post)

•

In 2015, $119 billion worth of goods and services will be purchased via a mobile phone. (ABI Research)

•

The market for mobile payments is expected to quadruple by 2014, reaching $630 billion in value. (Juniper Research)

•

20% of all consumers and 32% of 18-34 year olds are researching purchases via mobile at least monthly. (ATG, Inc.).

E-commerce vs M-commerce •

In today’s fast developing technological world, businesses are usually transacted online. These online transactions are called m-commerce and e-commerce. E-commerce is a term that has been around for a long time already. This term is about conducting business online, and everybody knows about that. However, with the rise of m-commerce, certain confusions also rose. Both of them are about transacting business online, but there is still a significant difference between the two. To clear these confusions, it is best to define and differentiate these .

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•

The meaning of commerce means, conducting a business transaction, whether it is promotional or selling products, goods, and services. The ‘m’ in the term m-commerce means mobile. M-commerce then, is a type of business transaction done on your mobile phone; providing your mobile phone has Internet access. Lately, phones have Internet access, like 4G, which makes these transactions more accessible. With the rise of phones with Internet access, this kind of business transaction has become very popular. Mcommerce has become a booming business lately.

•

With the use of m-commerce, there are plenty of products and promotional items that can finally be transacted. Movie tickets can be bought via your phone with Internet access. Not only that, you can also avail coupons, loyalty cards, and discount cards through you mobile phone with the help of m-commerce. M-commerce can also let you do mobile banking, and let you use your money in different companies. Just like using a laptop or a desktop, as long as your phone has Internet access, so too can you shop until you drop using m-commerce.

•

E-commerce, on the other hand, is an abbreviation of electronic commerce. This means that e-commerce is a way of doing business transactions through the Internet as well. If you have a laptop or a desktop then you can easily shop online. It has become very popular in these modern days. Not only can it help you do transactions online, it is also very convenient with all the swipe machines where you can swipe your credit card for payment. People can do a business-to-business transaction via e-commerce called B2B. It can also do a company to consumer transaction called B2C. This is where your orders will be received via shipments and deliveries. You can use credit cards when doing these transactions. One of the best examples for this is when amazon.com do business with their clients. Another popular online shopping site is eBay.

•

The basic qualification needed to opt for a career in mobile commerce is a in standard 10+2. Those who would like to pursue a career in Mobile Commerce can find employment with companies who encourage Mobile Commerce. A few examples are Airtel, Reliance and the ICICI. These companies utilize this technology for their Page 28

customers to make some restricted purchases through their mobile phones. In addition to this, Mobile Commerce is also applied for paying phone bills, book travel tickets or movie tickets with cell phones. Though popular, M-commerce is nevertheless in its development stage in our country as the security of the transactions done is still questioned. Aspirants can work as Content Developers or as Telcos. In addition to this, Financial Institutions and the media companies also take in professionals of MCommerce. •

Key differentiators between E-Commerce and M-Commerce Both E-Commerce as M-Commerce has great importance in our society. While ECommerce is done with the aid of Computers, M-Commerce is done with the application of mobile phones.

Electronic Commerce There are many courses available in E-commerce in India. The main among them is the correspondence course as well as the certificate of PG Diploma. The qualification required to this course is a in the higher secondary level. The eligibility criteria may some times differ on the basis of the norms of the institutions. Candidates who have a basic knowledge in computer will be preferred at the time of ission. After finishing this course, it is possible for candidates to get employment in areas like advertising, sales, data mining and data management. Other fields where employment for students of e-commerce is available are marketing and customer . Mobile Commerce, or m-Commerce, is about the explosion of applications and services that are becoming accessible from Internet-enabled mobile devices. It involves new technologies, services and business models. It is quite different from traditional e-Commerce. Mobile phones impose very different constraints than desktop computers. But they also open the door to a slew of new applications and services. They follow you wherever you go, making it possible to look for a nearby restaurant, stay in touch with colleagues, or pay for items at a store.

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As the Internet finds its way into our purses or shirt pockets, the devices we use to access it are becoming more personal too. Already today, mobile phones know the phone numbers of our friends and colleagues. They are starting to track our location. Tomorrow, they will replace our wallets and credit cards. One day, they may very well turn into intelligent assistants capable of anticipating many of our wishes and needs, such as automatically arranging for taxis to come and pick us up after business meetings or providing us with summaries of relevant news and messages left by colleagues. But, for all these changes to happen, key issues of interoperability, usability, security, and privacy still need to be addressed. In particular, our Laboratory is researching new technologies and applying -centered design principles in the development of solutions to reconcile context-awareness and privacy in mobile and pervasive computing environments. The following is a list of recent or ongoing projects: M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld devices such as cellular telephone and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Known as next-generation e-commerce, m-commerce enables s to access the Internet without needing to find a place to plug in. The emerging technology behind mcommerce, which is based on the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), has made far greater strides in Europe, where mobile devices equipped with Web-ready micro-browsers are much more common than in the United States. In order to exploit the m-commerce market potential, handset manufacturers such as Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, and Qualcomm are working with carriers such as AT&T Wireless and Sprint to develop WAP-enabled smart phones, the industry's answer to the Swiss Army Knife, and ways to reach them. Using Bluetooth technology, smart phones offer fax, e-mail, and phone capabilities all in one, paving the way for m-commerce to be accepted by an increasingly mobile workforce. As content delivery over wireless devices becomes faster, more secure, and scalable, there is wide speculation that m-commerce will sur wireline e-commerce as the method of choice for digital commerce transactions. The industries affected by m-commerce include: Financial services, which includes mobile banking (when customers use their handheld devices to access their s and pay their bills) as well as brokerage services, in which stock quotes can be displayed and trading conducted from the same handheld device Page 30

•

Telecommunications, in which service changes, bill payment and reviews can all be conducted from the same handheld device

•

Service/retail, as consumers are given the ability to place and pay for orders on-the-fly

•

Information services, which include the delivery of financial news, sports figures and traffic updates to a single mobile device IBM and other companies are experimenting with speech recognition software as a way to ensure security for m-commerce transactions.

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1.3 COMPANY PROFILE Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd, is a leading product development company at Chennai, the company provides total software solutions to help organizations enhance business productivity and knowledge sharing. Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd combines innovative technology and outstanding customer service to provide the broadest range of solutions for document creation, capture, management and distribution. A vast array of products from network side. Complementing its leading-edge software solutions and a range of professional services. The Company involved in advanced software solutions provide the means for seamless integration of documents in virtually any format and from anywhere across the enterprise. Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd professional services deliver strategic value to customers, through project management, consulting, systems design, applications development and implementation, strategic outsourcing and process management. These services allow our customers to be more competitive in their marketplace, as well as focus on their core competencies Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd professional services deliver strategic value to customers, through project management, consulting, systems design, application development and implementation, strategic outsourcing and process management. These services allow our customers to be more competitive in their marketplace, as well as focus on their core competencies. All over the India, organizations of all sizes from different industry sectors choose Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd document solutions to produce better documents and use information more effectively via innovative applications that the entire document architecture.

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Document Solutions for any Business Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd has an extensive range of document solutions to meet the needs of any business. This covers everything from standalone and network office systems, color solutions, production printing and publishing systems, to an extensive range of document-related software, document management consulting and document outsourcing services. Office Systems Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd leads the way in the digital office by providing the most technologically advanced office systems and solutions. The key products are the Document Centre family of digital multifunction devices, which combines printing, scanning, faxing and copying functions in one system. Channels Business Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd increases its brand presence in small, home and networked offices by utilizing the fastest-growing channels to offer more products to ore customers. The new concept has already gained much popularity in the US, Europe, and Africa. In India, though, basic banking transactions and mobile payments are available, but with the increasing use of Smartphone, tablets, latest-applications enabled mobile devices and increasing 3G penetrations in Indian digital market, the mCommerce service is creating its space in the market that can comply with country regulatory guidelines. However, there are future challenges that the industry needs to face. Following the path of major player Kenya’s M-PESA which has facilitated people mobile banking using mobile devices, in India, RBI and TRAI, financial institutions, operators and service providers have partnered with each other to take mCommerce to rural India. For example, SBI and ICICI bank have partnered with a mobile banking technology partner “EKO” for their mobile banking solutions. Likewise, other banks are also following them.

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According to a report by Boston Consulting Group, there is an ample scope for mCommerce in India. At present, India has over 800 million mobile subscribers, including 240 million with bank s, and 20 million with credit cards; there are 88,000 bank branches and 70,000 cash points. The additional fact is that the half of Indian households is still unbanked, including 42% holding at least one mobile phone. This opens a great opportunity for mobile phone industry and financial institutions to galvanize mobile commerce services in India. Software A powerful suite of scalable software complements and desktop products and high-end production systems. By providing the means for convergence of the paper and the Internet world, Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd software speeds up the accessibility, flow and dissemination of critical information and facilitate knowledge sharing across the enterprise. Skyware Solutions Pvt Ltd provides a combination of in-house developed solutions and best of breed third party software, to meet the needs of our Global customers. We provide Enterprise Document Management solutions consisting of imaging, workflow, output management, formatting, archiving and Internet delivery. These solutions are backup up with the services needed to customize, implement, develop and any solution. Among the many other ways to improve e-commerce, online security is a major concern The business is only as safe as the security of the information you rely upon. Escalating trends in online thefts are enough to deter even the die hard online shoppers. Whether it be electronic files, backup, or long term document safe-keeping, online security systems are a necessity today, especially to run an online store. One needs to protect their business as well as their customers. Even though buying online today is considered safer than buying over the phone, there are still many buyers who are scared of sharing their personal details and sensitive financial information on web, giving it to some one the don’t know. Particularly with the recent incident of rise in identity theft, online security services have all the more become vital to improve e-commerce. It is always best to employ the best online security systems right at the very start. Place securty seals like Verisign and hacker safe seals. This really helps in reducing anxiety issues a visitor Page 34

may have about buying online from you. These security seals advertising best online security services should be placed throughout the whole checkout process and not on just a few of the sites main pages. Keep them where they are easily visible and particularly on the page where the buyer enters the credit card details. Online security really does work in boosting sales. It will make a world of difference to your business information security and winning the trust of your buyers for ever.

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1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM To findout the feasible solution using M-Commerce instead of E-Commerce. Also carry out possible ways to reduce our time The future of m-Commerce seems extremely bright because several experiments are going on to introduce the upgraded version of mobile likely to emerged with the evolution of 4G mobile technology.

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1.5 NEED FOR THE STUDY To need the services of electronic commerce (e-commerce) and mobile commerce (m-commerce). It identifies the different types of e-commerce and describes several e-commerce and m-commerce applications. This chapter also discusses some of the major issues that represent significant threats to the continued growth of e-commerce and m-commerce. It outlines the key components of a successful e-commerce strategy and describes the technology infrastructure that must be in place for e-commerce and m-commerce applications to function successfully. The model is used to frame an analysis of differences in technological and business model dimensions and then explore the core dynamic capabilities in both dimensions for Ecommerce innovation. The results indicate that the impact of the innovation from I- to Mcommerce is radical and from M- to U-commerce is disruptive. The innovation from I- to M- and U-commerce should not be simplistically regarded as an extension of prior innovations because the intensity and nature of the impacts of the innovations is different. The Global Mobile Commerce Forum, which came to include over 100 organisations, had its fully minuted launch in London on 10 November 1997. Kevin Duffey was elected as the Executive Chairman at the first meeting in November 1997. The meeting was opened by Dr Mike Short, former chairman of the GSM Association, with the very first forecasts for mobile commerce from Kevin Duffey (Group Telecoms Director of Logica) and Tom Alexander (later CEO of Virgin Mobile and then of Orange). Over 100 companies ed the Forum within a year, many forming mobile commerce teams of their own, e.g. Mastercard and Motorola. Of these hundred companies, the first two were Logica and Cellnet (which later became O2). Mobile commerce services were first delivered in 1997, when the first two mobile-phone enabled Coca Cola vending machines were installed in the Helsinki area in Finland. The machines accepted payment via SMS text messages. The first mobile phone-based banking service was launched in 1997 by Merita Bank of Finland, also using SMS. The m-Commerce(tm) Page 37

server developed in late 1997 by Kevin Duffey at Logica won the 1998 Financial Times award for "most innovative mobile product," in a solution implemented with De La Rue, Motorola and Logica. The Financial Times commended the solution for "turning mobile commerce into a reality."

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1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To find out the various possibilites of E-Commerce and M-Commerce and it can be used in many innovative ways to improve the operations of an organization as well as providing new ways of conducting business that present both opportunities for improvement and potential problems.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: •

Describe the current status of various forms of e-commerce, including B2B, B2C, and C2C.

•

Outline a multistage purchasing model that describes how e-commerce works. •

Define m-commerce and identify some of its unique challenges.

•

Identify several e-commerce and m-commerce applications.

•

Identify several advantages associated with the use of e-commerce and m-commerce.

•

Identify the major issues that represent significant threats to the continued growth of ecommerce and m-commerce.

•

Identify the key components of technology infrastructure that must be in place for ecommerce and m-commerce to work.

•

Discuss the key features of the

electronic payment systems needed to e-

commerce.

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

Define e-commerce and describe how it differs from e-business.



Identify and describe the unique features of e-commerce technology and discuss their

business 

significance.



Recognize and describe Web 2.0 applications.



Describe the major types of e-commerce.



Discuss the origins and growth of e-commerce.



Explain the evolution of e-commerce from its early years to today.



Identify the factors that will define the future of e-commerce.



Describe the major themes underlying the study of e-commerce.



Identify the major academic disciplines contributing to e-commerce.

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1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY •

Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find products.

•

Buying/selling 24/7.

•

More reach to customers, there is no theoretical geographic limitations.

•

Low operational costs and better quality of services.

•

No need of physical company set-ups.

•

Easy to start and manage a business. Use of mobile phone has increased so much that it is not just a device to make calls, but

an important medium to fulfill all the financial needs for friends and family. Now, mobile phone technology has made another leapfrog to pave its way for a new trend called mobile commerce where the financial transactions are made using mobile devices. The Commerce Clause describes an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." Courts and commentators have tended to discuss each of these three areas of commerce as a separate power granted to Congress."

[1]

It is not uncommon to see the

individual components of the Commerce Clause referred to under specific : The Foreign Commerce Clause, the Interstate Commerce Clause,[2] and the Indian Commerce Clause. Dispute exists within the courts as to the range of powers granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause. As noted below, the clause is often paired with the Necessary and Proper Clause, the combination used to take a broad, expansive perspective of these powers. However, the effect of the Commerce Clause has varied significantly depending on the Supreme Court's interpretation. During the Marshall Court era, Commerce Clause interpretation empowered Congress to gain jurisdiction over numerous aspects of intrastate and interstate commerce as well as non-commerce. Page 41

During the post-1937 era, the use of the Commerce Clause by Congress to authorize federal control of economic matters became effectively unlimited. Since the latter half of the Rehnquist Court era, Congressional use of the Commerce Clause has become slightly restricted again, being limited only to matters of trade (whether interstate or not) and production (whether commercial or not). The significance of the Commerce Clause is described in the Supreme Court's opinion in Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005):[4][5] The Commerce Clause emerged as the Framers' response to the central problem giving rise to the Constitution itself: the absence of any federal commerce power under the Articles of Confederation. For the first century of our history, the primary use of the Clause was to preclude the kind of discriminatory state legislation that had once been permissible. Then, in response to rapid industrial development and an increasingly interdependent national economy, Congress “ushered in a new era of federal regulation under the commerce power,” beginning with the enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 and the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890. The Commerce Clause represents one of the most fundamental powers delegated to the Congress by the founders. The outer limits of the Interstate Commerce Clause power has been the subject of long, intense political controversy. Interpretation of the sixteen words of the Commerce Clause has helped define the balance of power between the federal government and the states and the balance of power between the two elected branches of the Federal government and the Judiciary. As such, it has a direct impact on the lives of American citizens. The commerce clause provides comprehensive powers to the United States over navigable waters. These powers are critical to understanding the rights of landowners ading or exercising what would otherwise be riparian rights under the common law. The Commerce Clause confers a unique position upon the Government in connection with navigable waters. "The power to regulate commerce comprehends the control for that purpose, and to the extent necessary, of all the navigable waters of the United States.... For this purpose they are the public property of the nation, and subject to all the requisite legislation by Congress." United States v. Rands, 389 U.S. 121 (1967). The Rands decision continues: Page 42

CHAPTER II 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Title:

E Commerce: a critical review

Citation: Jonathan Reynolds, (2000) "eCommerce: a critical review", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 28 Iss: 10, pp.417 - 444

Abstract: Offers a preliminary assessment of electronic commerce. Rarely has the retail and consumer services sector been faced with a strategic challenge of such significant complexity and uncertainty that is growing so rapidly. Suggests that the academic world is lagging behind the world of practice in of supplying rigorous analysis of the topic. Deals with four discrete areas of the new economy as it affects retailers. Explores the extent to which the emergence of new electronic channels to market has led to distinctive means of business differentiation, with particular reference to branding and pricing. Secondly, looks at how business-to-business companies can use electronic channels to improve supply chain and productivity requirements. Thirdly, assesses how far we understand some of the organisational change issues. Finally considers the future of eCommerce.

Title:

Evaluating internet usage and ecommerce growth in Greece

Citation: Dimitrios Xanthidis, David Nicholas, (2004) "Evaluating internet usage and ecommerce growth in Greece", Aslib Proceedings, Vol. 56 Iss: 6, pp.356 - 366

Abstract: According to studies and surveys conducted world-wide, government incentives and current legal frameworks, private initiatives and investments, technology available at Page 43

a reasonable price, and public acceptance of the internet as an efficient medium for buying goods and services are driving ecommerce growth. Academics, information technology experts and even politicians in Greece are aware of these essential requirements as well. However, although internet access has grown significantly and the digital foundations are there, ecommerce is yet to reach measurable levels in Greece. This paper attempts to explain the reasons why and suggests corrective actions by all those actively involved with Greek ecommerce.

Title:

What e-commerce may mean for design of corporate real estate

Citation:

Francis Duffy, (2001) "What e-commerce may mean for design of corporate real estate", Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 3 Iss: 1, pp.56 - 61

Abstract: Significant changes in business practice mean that the design of the physical working environment is now being used to add value to business performance. Businesses, stimulated by the potential of information technology and goaded by international competition, are seeing corporate real estate as more than a matter of simply accommodating themselves in the most efficient way. They are using building projects to add value to their core activities. They are using the design process to accelerate programmes of technological and cultural change. Three case studies are used to illustrate the new importance of design. The strategic implication of these experiences are that s, at all levels in business life, having become accustomed to radical changes in the design process, and increasingly used to the responsiveness of ecommerce, are likely to become increasingly impatient with old economy versions Page 44

of office design, construction, and real estate practice. Title:

Integrating the IS with the enterprise: key EAI research challenges

Citation: Amir M. Sharif, Tony Elliman, Peter E.D. Love, Atta Badii, (2004) "Integrating the IS with the enterprise: key EAI research challenges", Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 17 Iss: 2, pp.164 - 170

Abstract: Enterprise application integration (EAI) technologies provide the means to integrate strategic business solutions within and across the component parts of organisational information system infrastructures. The continuing development of both digitally integrated business models, through various eCommerce and eBusiness initiatives, has meant that the importance of EAI within enterprise IS, has increased significantly. Noting that EAI incurs not only technological but stakeholder-level commitments, this paper outlines the product of a sustained investigation into key challenges within enterprise IS and EAI, and provides a framework for future research and investigation into this emerging and evolving area. Title:

E-Commerce relationships: The impact of trust on relationship continuity

Citation: Dr Pauline Ratnasingam,, (2005) "E-Commerce relationships: The impact of trust on relationship continuity", International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 15 Iss: 1, pp.1 – 16 Abstract: The real estate industry is an e-commerce anomaly. Although the overall growth of ecommerce is driven by the business-to-business sector, the majority of real estate ecommerce is derived from its retail-oriented residential sector. This study examines the structure of residential and commercial real estate websites, with the goal of determining whether some patterns of content might increase the quality and quantity of information available to buyers and sellers thereby contributing to the disparity between residential and commercial real estate e-commerce growth. The results of the

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research show residential real estate websites offer richer informational content than commercial real estate websites. No significant differences are found for the friendliness and functionality (ie ancillary services) provided by residential and commercial real estate websites. Title:

An empirical analysis of the barriers to implementing e-commerce in smallmedium sized construction contractors in the state of Victoria, Australia

Citation: Peter E.D. Love, Zahir Irani, Heng Li, Eddie W.L. Cheng, Raymond Y.C. Tse, (2001) "An empirical analysis of the barriers to implementing e-commerce in small-medium sized construction contractors in the state of Victoria, Australia", Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, Vol. 1 Iss: 1, pp.31 - 41

Abstract: To improve organizational performance and sustain a competitive advantage many Australian businesses have begun to embrace e-commerce. For example, businesses from the automotive, banking, insurance and retail industries have been able to leverage the benefits of information and communication technologies. Yet, those from the construction industry have been slow, perhaps even reluctant, to implement information and communication technologies to ecommerce. Thus, this paper aims to determine the barriers that small-medium sized contractors are experiencing when confronted with the need to implement e-commerce to sustain their competitiveness. Unstructured interviews were undertaken with managers from 20 small-medium sized contractors from the State of Victoria in Australia, which had annual turnovers ranging from $1-50 million. The financial, organizational, technical and human barriers that were identified from findings are presented and discussed. The paper concludes by proposing strategies that small-medium sized contractors may adopt if they to leverage the benefits of e-commerce.

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Title:

Deg websites with eXtensible web (xWeb) methodology

Citation: Rajugan Rajagopalapillai, William Gardner, Professor Elizabeth Chang, Professor Tharam S. Dillon, (2005) "Deg websites with eXtensible web (xWeb) methodology", International Journal of Web Information Systems, Vol. 1 Iss: 3, pp.179 - 191

Abstract: Today, eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is fast emerging as the dominant standard for storing, describing, representing and interchanging data among various enterprises systems and databases in the context of complex web enterprises information systems (EIS). Conversely, for web EIS (such as ecommerce and portals) to be successful, it is important to apply a high level, model driven solutions and metadata vocabularies to design and implementation techniques that are capable of handling heterogonous schemas and documents. For this, we need a methodology that provides a higher level of abstraction of the domain in question with rigorously defined standards that are to be more widely understood by all stakeholders of the system. To-date, UML has proven itself as the language of choice for modeling EIS using OO techniques. With the introduction of XML Schema, which provides rich facilities for constraining and defining enterprise XML content, the combination of UML and XML technologies provide a good platform (and the flexibility) for modeling, deg and representing complex enterprise contents for building successful EIS. In this paper, we show how a layered view model coupled with a proven interface analysis framework (WUiAM) is utilized in providing architectural construct and abstract website model (called eXtensible Web, xWeb), to model, design and implement simple, centred, collaborative websites at varying levels of abstraction. The uniqueness xWeb is that the model data (web interface definitions, website data descriptions and constraints) and the web content are captured and represented at the conceptual level using views (one model) and can be deployed (multiple platform specific models) using one or more implementation models.

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Title:

Lessons from Alibaba.com: government's role in electronic contracting

Citation: Qin Hu, Xun Wu, Clement K. Wang, (2004) "Lessons from Alibaba.com: government's role in electronic contracting", info, Vol. 6 Iss: 5, pp.298 - 307

Abstract: Although electronic commerce (e-commerce) can be a source of competitive advantage, will e-commerce businesses in countries like China flourish when governments still take a “wait-and-see attitude” as to prompting, protecting, and regulating e-commerce? The paper employs transaction cost economics in analyzing the role of government in regulating electronic contracting. Due to the transaction costs arising from e-commerce, explicit contracts between parties are usually incomplete. The paper argues that these contracts should always be backed by implicit contracts, which are determined by default rules in various governments. Therefore, it behoves governments urgently to fill gaps in incomplete contracts in ecommerce in order to foster a predictable legal environment for e-businesses, minimize legal risks and transaction costs, and maximize economic and social benefits. The authors believe that governments must also act in concert with one another at the international level to create a favorable and consistent commercial environment.

Title: E-commerce adoption and advice for UK SMEs Citation: Mike Simpson, Anthony J. Docherty, (2004) "E-commerce adoption and advice for UK SMEs", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 11 Iss: 3, pp.315 – 328 Abstract: The small business sector of the UK economy is extremely important and the government expends considerable resources in providing services for this sector. This paper investigated the reasons why SMEs move from traditional commerce to e-commerce, the efficacy of the services and the barriers encountered by SMEs adopting e-commerce. The research methodology involved literature review and interviews with SMEs’ owner-managers and a UK Online Page 48

business adviser. It was found that at least two “e-commerce stars” used by the government to promote its services had in fact not used those services. The historical relationship problems between Business Link and SMEs were still causing problems. Cost was not seen as an inhibitor to adopting e-commerce. Some evidence was emerging that e-commerce may be able to save failing or struggling businesses. Other unexpected outcomes were that e-commerce had social benefits for SMEs’ owners in reducing working hours yet still increased sales.

CHAPTER III 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is simply the process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors. As per the words of Uma Sekaran research can be defined as an organized, systematic, data based, critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it. Thus certain methods have to be followed while conducting a research, which is termed as “Research Methodology”. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: A STUDY ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF E-COMMERCE AND M-COMMERCE SKYWARE SOLUTIONS (P) Ltd, CHENNAI 3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:

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A research design is the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the needed data to solve the problem. 3.2 SOURCES OF DATA: Sources of data include both secondary and primary data. 3.2.1 PRIMARY DATA: Primary data refer to information obtained first hand by the researcher on the variables of interest for the specific purpose of the study. Primary data was collected by the method of survey by using questionnaire.

3.2.2 SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data are data that were collected for some other purpose and are in existence. Secondary data pertaining to this study was obtained from companies’ record, websites and books. 3.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT: A Structured Questionnaire have been framed which contains both open ended and close ended question. 3.4 SAMPLING UNIT: Sampling unit is that of “who is to be surveyed”. Here the survey is on employees of Seventh Sense Inc, Chennai 3.5 SAMPLING SIZE: Page 50

Here the samples are used in the Skyware Solutions (P) Ltd, Chennai. 3.6 SAMPLING PROCEDURE: The sampling procedure that was adopted in the research was non-Probability sampling, in specific “Quota Sampling” was chosen. 3.7 SAMPLING AREA: The Software used in the purpsoe of E-Commerce and M-Commerce applications at Skyware Solutions (P) Ltd, Chennai.

3.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY •

Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find products.

•

Buying/selling 24/7.

•

More reach to customers, there is no theoretical geographic limitations.

•

Low operational costs and better quality of services.

•

No need of physical company set-ups.

•

Easy to start and manage a business.

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CHAPTER IV 4.0 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Electronic commerce (e-commerce) – i.e., conducting transactions of goods and services by means of information and communication technologies(ICT), particularly the Internet – plays an important role in the global economy. In the UK and the U.S. for example, the total ecommerce sales have ed for over 5% and 6% of GDP, respectively (Kraemer et al., 2006). E-commerce generally requires a communication platformwhich consists of an electronic network (the “pipe”) for transmitting physical data and terminal devices for s to send, receive and

process information (Verkasalo and Hämmäinen, 2007). The communication

platform plays an essential role for e-commerce to function because,before a transaction to take place, vendors need to disseminate product information to consumers, and during transactions, consumers need to communicate with vendors about orders, s, and post-sales fulfillment.

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The following Screen Shots are represent the E-Commerce and M-Commerce Problems

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The product amount was High

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To purchase a group of items but we need single one

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Didn’t Provide the full Detail about the product

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No deliver in proper date

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The Product rete is High

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Purchase and Sales options in same web site sono warrenty to the Product

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Purchased By Mobile

Purchased By Mobile in Security

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CHAPTER V 5.0 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION 5.1 FINDINGS The eCommerce Business Systems Analyst is responsible for ing the implementation of the Co..com website and other enhancements througk the Co.'s software development lifecycle. Primary responsibilities include requirements elicitation, documentation and analysis, solution design, testing definition and execution and business change management. This position works with stakeholders, technical staff, and others to translate business needs into systems solutions. Additional responsibilities include system modifications and enhancements, product development, conversions, and provide on-going production to the end s.

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5.2 SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The lots of Android applications are available so the E-Commerce are not real time applicable to the world.So the M-Commerce product only available in anywhere and everywhere. Really it is just WP-Ecommerce, and I had to modify the plugins checkout page page to include a basic form.. As for the IOS workaround, You should not need to worry about that for much longer because they are releasing an updated that will have the 'broken' browse button functioning. So if they haven't already released it then I know they plan to this fall. But the feature is pretty much your basic html form and then include it in the email. If you want to keep it really simple you can just do a redirect to yousendit after the checkout has been completed, then redirect to your thank you page once yousendit has been completed, even add it as an iframe within your site so you can still have your branding but this will keep you from having to edit any of the plugin files and risk losing your work on future updates. We currently own two shops and are planning to go online and sell our products. Our products are value for money. So can any one give me a walk through on how to develop a e commerce website or some suggestion's on which shopping cart to use and any other useful information. We are planning to do this on a high scale we are currently in a phase to tie up with fed ex or other courier services for shipping. And are ready to spend around 60,000$ for this project Which include hosting, Developing a website and many other stuff needed for E coomerce . If you are a developer and can handle such type of projects Please PM me with your offers and available options

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5.3 CONCLUSION Several important phenomenas are associated with e-commerce. It has created the most significant revolution in the way business is conducted. New methodologies have evolved. The role of geographic distances in forming business relationships are reduced. Barriers to the entry into the retail businesses are lower, as it is relatively inexpensive to start a retail Website. Some traditional business intermediaries are being replaced by their electronic equivalents or are being made entirely dispensable. Prices of commodity products are generally lower in the Web, a reflection not merely of the lower costs of doing electronic business but also of the ease of comparison-shopping in cyberspace. What has flourished is a new form of corporate cooperation known as a virtual company, that is actually a network of firms, each performing some of the processes needed to manufacture a product or deliver a service (Britannica, 2000). New E-commerce is still in its formative stage. The business-to-business and intra-organizational segments currently dominate e-commerce. Many major digital retailers are as yet in the investment and brand-building mode and show no profits; yet many established retailers realize profits from the new selling channel. Buoyant growth is apparent throughout.

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Appendix BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bernhard Serexhe (ud) Deregulation/Globalisation: The Loss of Cultural Diversity? This article is available on-line at : http://www.ctheory.com/ga1.10-deregulation.html [Last accessed Wednesday, 15 November 2000]. 2. Brain Subirana and Patricia Carvajal (2000) : Transaction Streams: theory and examples related to confidence in internet based electronic commerce, Journal of Information Technology, 15, pp: 3-16. 3. Britannica

(2000)

Electronic

commerce

is

available

at

http://ww.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/printable/5/0,5722,138395,00.html

: [Last

accessed Saturday, 11 November 2000]. 4. CNet News.com (2000) Yahoo president predicts Net explosion : November 9, 2000. http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-3603596.html

[last

accessed

Wednesday,

November 15, 2000]. 5. Dan

Gebler

(2000)

The

Future

of

E-Commerce

:

August

http://www/ecommercetimes.com/news/articles2000/000809-2.shtml

[Last

9,

2000. accessed

Wednesday, November 15, 2000]. 6. John Barron, Michael Shaw and Andrew Bailey (2000) : Web based E-Catalog system in B2B procurement, Communication of the ACM, 43(5), pp: 93-100. 7. MSN Encarta (2000) Learning and research : Internet: is available at : http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?mod=1&ti=761579729 [Last accessed Saturday, 11 November 2000].

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8. Patrick McKeown and Richard Watson (1997) Metamorphosis : A guide to the world wide web and electronic commerce. New York : John Wiley & Sons Inc. 9. Peter Cohan (2000) E-Profits, High Pay off strategies for capturing the e-commerce edge. New York : American Management Association. 10. Richard Watson, George Zinkhan and Leyland Pitt (2000) Integrated Internet Marketing Communication of the ACM, 43(6), pp : 97-102. 11. United Nations Development Programme1 (2000) : Electronic Commerce (e-commerce)

and its Implications for Development : This article is available online : http://www.undp.org/info21/e-com/e1.html 12. United Nations Development Program2, (2000) : The advantages of e-commerce for companies in developing countries http://www.undp.org/info21/e-com/e8.html [Last accesses Wednesday, November 15, 2000].

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