Report On Population Problem In Bangladesh 602o70
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Population Problem in Bangladesh
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Course: Communication Skills for Managers Course Code: BUS 500 Section: 02
Submitted to: Mahmood Hasan Faculty North South University
Submitted by: Fazle Abed ID: 121 04 23 060 Farhan Nowroze Noor ID: 121-1348-060 Mohammad Ashraful Hossain ID: 122 08 33 060 Rajib Guha Manosh ID: 122 08 34 060
DATE: 3rd August 2012
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Preface The aim of the project is to make the reader aware of the population problem in Bangladesh, with its implications and the ways to curb the same. The population burdens the environment. Thanks are due to the faculty of Communication Skills for Managers, Mr. Mahmood Hasan, North South University. The project could not have seen the light in the absence of of the library of the University. Thanks are due to them also. Above all, we would be thankful to our classmates, whose always helped me in this project.
August 3, 2012 Group
Fazle Abed (ID: 121 04 23 060) Farhan Nowroze Noor (ID: 121-1348-060) Mohammad Ashraful Hossain (ID: 122 08 33 060) Rajib Guha Manosh (ID: 122 08 34 060)
Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Population Growth and Environment ........................................................................................................... 2 Overpopulation ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Bangladesh is an Overpopulated Country .................................................................................................... 6 Literature Review .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Population Problem in Bangladesh ............................................................................................................. 12 Factors of Overpopulation .......................................................................................................................... 14 Importance/Rational of the Study .............................................................................................................. 16 Effects of Population Problem in Bangladesh ............................................................................................. 17 Theoretical/ Conceptual Model of Overpopulation in Bangladesh ............................................................ 18 Implications of Growing Population in Bangladesh .................................................................................... 19 How to Combat Population Growth in Bangladesh .................................................................................... 20 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Recommendation........................................................................................................................................ 22 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Introduction Throughout the twentieth century, Bangladesh has been in the midst of a demographic transition. At the beginning of the century, endemic disease, periodic epidemics, and famines kept the death rate high enough to balance out the high birth rate. Between 1911 and 1920, the birth and death rates our virtually equal--about forty-eight births and forty-eight deaths per 1,000 populations. The increasing impact of curative and preventive medicine (especially mass inoculations) brought a steady decline in the death rate. By the mid-1990s, the estimated birth rate had fallen to twenty-eight per 1,000, and the estimated death rate had fallen to ten per 1,000. Clearly, the future configuration of Bangladesh's population (indeed the future of Bangladesh itself) depends on what happens to the birth rate and it’s survived. Even the most optimistic projections do not suggest that the birth rate could drop below twenty per 1,000 before the year 2000. Bangladesh's population is likely to exceed the 20 million mark before the 2021 census. Though the population of a country is an asset, it becomes a problem when the country cannot afford to give people the basic necessaries of life like food, clothing, education, medicine and shelter soon. This problem has not only one side it has two sides. One is its original look which is known to us and the other is its background which is not familiar to us. There are causes of rapid growth of population. Now a day’s medical facilities and improvement of standard of living the death rate has gone down much but an the other hand the birth rate is on the constant increase. Early marriage and illiteracy rate are two important causes of the growth of population. While population control can involve measuring that improve. People lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction, some programs have exposed them to exploitation. No improvement is possible unless this problem is solved.
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Population Growth and Environment A research paper has outlined the effect of population on the environment. According to this research, environmental pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people in the country like rapid population growth; industrialization and urbanization in country are adversely affecting the environment. Though the relationship is complex, population size and growth tend to expand and accelerate these human impacts on the environment. All these in turn lead to an increase in the pollution levels. However, environmental pollution not only leads to deteriorating environmental conditions but also have adverse effects on the health of people. Bangladesh is one of the most degraded environment countries in the world and it is paying heavy health and economic price for it A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. In ecology the population of a certain species in a certain area is estimated using the Lincoln Index. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas. Normally breeding is substantially more common within the area than across the border. As of today's date, the world population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be 7.028 billion. The US Census Bureau estimates the 7 billion numbers was sured on 12 March 2012. According to a separate estimate by the United Nations, Earth’s population exceeded 7 billion in October 2011, a milestone that offers unprecedented challenges and opportunities to all of humanity, according to UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund. Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. The last 50 years have seen a yet more rapid increase in the rate of population growth due to medical advances and substantial increases in agricultural productivity, particularly beginning in the 1960s, made by the Green Revolution. In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world's population will likely sur 10 billion in 2055. In the future, world population has been expected to reach a peak of growth, there it will decline due to economic reasons, health concerns, land exhaustion and environmental hazards. According to one report, it is very likely that the world's population will stop growing before the end of the 21st century. Further, there is some likelihood that population will actually decline before 2100. Population has 2|Page
already declined in the last decade or two in Eastern Europe, the Baltic’s and in the Commonwealth of Independent States. The population pattern of less-developed regions of the world in recent years has been marked by gradually declining birth rates following an earlier sharp reduction in death rates. This transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates is often referred to as the demographic transition. Human population control is the practice of artificially altering the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, human population control has been implemented by limiting the population's birth rate, usually by government mandate, and has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, environmental concerns, religious reasons, and overpopulation. While population control can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction, some programs have exposed them to exploitation. Worldwide, the population control movement was active throughout the 1960s and 1970s, driving many reproductive health and family planning programs. In the 1980s, tension grew between population control advocates and women's health activists who advanced women's reproductive rights as part of a human rights-based approach. Growing opposition to the narrow population control focus led to a significant change in population control policies in the early 1990s.
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Overpopulation Overpopulation is to increase the population density of a place so much that the amount of food, water and land is insufficient in providing resources. The term overpopulation is usually refers to the relationship between humans and their environment. Causes of Overpopulation: High birth rates also contribute to the over population crisis. Large areas of land can only small numbers of people because of these labor-intensive subsistence activities. The number of people on a one piece of land is determined by how much the land can provide. Stress on available resources is also another reason some areas of land become heavily overpopulated. Overpopulated Location: Overpopulation is common in places in North America like the U.S. Places in Africa Ethiopia, Niger, Nigeria and Zimbabwe as well. Continents like Europe in Belgium and the Netherlands and in places, in Asia like Bangladesh and Japan. The Western Countries as well are affected. Is Overpopulation really a problem?: If we came to this site by means of Google, or if we have been reading up on the subject, we will have seen that there are many published articles promoting the opinion that there is, fundamentally, no problem with the number of people now on the planet. No overpopulation problem. The basic reason for these “no problem” articles, and the “no problem” talk in the media, is this: Some of the people with money – and with a financial interest in continuing on our current track – are underwriting much of the continued defense of this stance. And importantly, some organizations with money and influence are also aggressively promoting this position. But if we look a bit more closely, we will see that many of the Google links are to writings that date from the 1990s or earlier. After around 2002, the world situation became so clear – and so clearly dangerous – that the denial position has been harder to present without drawing ridicule. Regarding the creation of these “no problem” writings: Who, more specifically, are the people promoting this position, and why? Some, to be sure, are sincere, and truly believe – with their own logic – that there is no problem, or that the issue can be managed without causing lasting harm to the planet. Generally, it would seem that there are four types of denial promoters.
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1. Those in research or educational institutions – who are ultimately being funded by the entities controlling our present social order. These opinion-crafters may generally believe in what they are writing, but the dissemination of their ideas – and they well know this – is being done with the money provided by those who have used the current world structure to obtain their money and of course want to have this stream of money continue. 2. The simple flacks – hired writers – who are being employed to uncritically create promotional pieces and ads for the financial interests that are controlling the status quo. As in: Global warming? Overpopulation? Don't get too concerned about that stuff – we'll give ourselves a headache. Here, try this new fat-free cookie. 3. The individuals and the organizations that are sincere in their positions on this issue – but are mired in their own particular circumstances which have them deeply involved on the wrong side of the problem. On a personal level these people are the saddest, and their opinions are often the most recalcitrant and shrill as they defend not merely their beliefs, but their very existence. 4. The independent true believers. They too should be looked upon with some sympathy. Once a person has struck a position, it is often difficult to accept that it may be wrong, even in the face of strong evidence.
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Bangladesh is an Overpopulated Country Bangladesh has the world’s highest rates of population growth in the world. Human population control is the practice of artificially threat of growth of human Population. Bangladesh is a country of south-east Asia. It is well known as a developing country. There are many problems in this country, which are said to be major obstacles in the development of this country. Excessive Population is said to be the worst among all current problems. If we compare to the global population we will see why population causes such damage to the development of Bangladesh. The area of Bangladesh is near to 55 thousand square miles or 1, 47,570 square kilometer. The current population of Bangladesh is approximately over 160 million and will exceed 200 million within 2020. The average population density per square kilometer is almost 1000. Even a very rich country would have been in deep troubles if they have to handle such mass population in such short land. So whenever the government tends to take any developing steps, they seem to fell into shortage of resources for such huge population. As a result the actual development is just getting being delayed a hampered a lot. In the 1980s, Bangladesh faced no greater problem than population growth. Census data compiled in 1901 indicated a total of 29 million in East Bengal, the region that became East Pakistan and eventually Bangladesh. By 1951, four years after partition from Bangladesh, East Pakistan had 44 million people, a number that grew rapidly up to the first post independence census, taken in 1974, which reported the national population at 71 million. The 1981 census reported a population of 87 million and a 2.3 percent annual growth rate. Thus, in just 80 years, the population had tripled. In July 1988 the population, by then the eighth largest in the world, stood at 109,963,551, and the average annual growth rate was 2.6 percent. According to official estimates, Bangladesh was expected to reach a population of more than 140 million by the year 2000. Bangladesh's population density provided further evidence of the problems the nation faced. In 1901 an average of 216 persons inhabited one square kilometer. By 1951 that number had increased to 312 per square kilometer and, in 1988, reached 821. By the year 2000, population density was projected to exceed 1,000 persons per square kilometer. The crude birth rate per 1,000 populations was 34.6 in 1981. This rate remained unchanged in 1985, following a 20-year trend of decline since 1961, when it had stood at 47 per 1,000. The rural birth rate was higher than birth rates in urban areas; in 1985 there our 36.3 births per 1,000 in the countryside 6|Page
versus 28 per 1,000 in urban areas. The crude death rate per 1,000 populations decreased from 40.7 in 1951 to 12 per 1,000 in 1985; the urban crude death rate was 8.3, and the rural crude death rate was 12.9. The infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births was 111.9 in 1985, a distinct improvement from as recently as 1982, when the rate was 121.9. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 55.1 years in 1986. Men and women have very similar life expectancies at 55.4 and 55, respectively. With an average life expectancy of 58.8 years, urban dwellers in 1986 our likely to live longer than their rural counterparts (average life expectancy 54.8 years). The sex ratio of the population in 1981 was 106 males to 100 females. In the late 1980s, about 82 percent of the population of Bangladesh (a total of 15.1 million households) resided in rural areas. With the exception of parts of Sylhet and Rangamati regions, where settlements occurred in nucleated or clustered patterns, the villages our scattered collections of homesteads surrounded by trees. Continuous strings of settlements along the roadside our also common in the southeastern part of the country. Until the 1980s, Bangladesh was the most rural nation in South Asia. In 1931 only 27 out of every 1,000 persons our urban dwellers in what is now Bangladesh. In 1931 Bangladesh had fifty towns; by 1951 the country had eighty-nine towns, cities, and municipalities. During the 1980s, industrial development began to have a small effect on urbanization. The 1974 census had put the urban population of Bangladesh at 8.8 percent of the total; by 1988 that proportion had reached 18 percent and was projected to rise to 30 percent by the year 2000. In 1981 only two cities, Dhaka and Chittagong, had more than 1 million residents. Seven other cities-Narayanganj, Khulna, Barisal, Saidpur, Rajshahi, Mymensingh, and Comilla--each had more than 100,000 people. Of all the expanding cities, Dhaka, the national capital and the principal seat of culture, had made the most gains in population, growing from 335,928 in 1951 to 3.4 million in 1981. In the same period, Chittagong had grown from 289,981 to 1.4 million. A majority of the other urban areas each had between 20,000 and 50,000 people. These relatively small towns had grown up in most cases as istrative centers and geographically suitable localities for inland transportation and commercial facilities. There was no particular concentration of towns in any part of the country. In fact, the only large cities close to each other our Dhaka and Narayanganj.
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We can have a look of the world population percentage distribution it will be a clear picture that as a very small landed country, Bangladesh contributes 2.4% of world population as a developing country.
Source: UN Year 2011 Population Report
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Literature Review Population is fundamental and the most important element of a state. But over population is a great challenge for a country. Over population is a condition where an organism’s numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. The term often refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth. Steve Jones, head of the biology department at University College London has said, "Humans are 10,000 times more common than we should be, according to the rules of the animal kingdom, and we have agriculture to thank for that. Without farming, the world population would probably have reached half a million by now."Over population does not depend only on the size or density of the population, but on the ratio of population to available sustainable resources. It also depends on the way resources are used and distributed throughout the population. Over population can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates due to medical advances, from an increase in immigration, or from an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. Population of a country is a great asset unless this becomes unusually big in relation to the ability of food production of the country. Bangladesh is an over populated country. So population problem is one of the top problems in Bangladesh. The statistics about the population of Bangladesh has given below.
Source: Bangladesh Economical Scrutiny –2011 Subject Population Increasing rate of Population Men: Women
Amount 14.79 core 1.36% 105:100
Density of Population in every aquare kilo meter
993 persons
Gross birth rate in every thousand
19.4 persons
Gross death rate in every thousand
5.8 persons
Fertility of women (Age: 15-49 years) in every thousand
2.15 persons
Rate of using family planning
56.40%
Average age of first marriage
Male: 23.4years & Female: 18.5 years
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A chart is given below by showing the population during 1974 to 2011.
Year
Population (Core)
1974 1981 1991 2001 2010 2011
7.64 8.99% 11.14 13.03 16.44 14.79
In the chart we see that the population of Bangladesh was increased very rapidly from 1974 to 2010. But, in 2011 we see 1.65 core of our population has decreased which is very favorable to Bangladesh. But, it’s not enough. Bangladesh is 7th largest populated country in the world among 195 countries. Causes and Consequences of over population are described. The baseline for population studies on Bangladesh is the official census which is conducted every 10 years, the last being in 2011. We can have forecast of Bangladesh population. It will go up to more than 16 Core by next two years.
Population Growth in Years
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A chart is given below by showing the population during 1950 to 2010 to show the percentage age of different age group.
Year
Total population
Population aged 0-14 (%)
Population aged 15-64 (%)
Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
37 895 43 444 50 102 57 792 66 881 70 582 80 624 92 284 105 256 117 487 129 592 140 588 148 692
41.2 42.4 43.6 44.7 44.7 45.8 45 43.9 42.5 40.3 37.3 34.3 31.3
54.8 54.1 53.1 52 51.8 50.7 51.4 52.5 53.8 55.9 58.7 61.4 64.1
3.9 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 4.3 4.6
In the chart we see that the population of (aged 0-14) % increased very rapidly from 1950 to 2010. For this follow up the population of (aged 15-64) % increase in same acceleration. But for the climate and geographical purpose the percentage rate of above (aged 65) % is very less. But, it’s not enough.
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Population Problem in Bangladesh Population problem is no doubt, a burning question in Bangladesh. Our economic hardship is aggravating due to over growing population. It is certainly, number one problem of our country. Bangladesh. Occupies the 8th position among the countries of the world in respect of population. The present growth rate of population in Bangladesh is 1.34%. Every year more than two million people are being added to our population. If this alarming growth rate continues, the population of Bangladesh will be doubled within next thirty years and it will be nearly 30 cores at that time. The population of Bangladesh is increasing by geometric progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression. As a result, it creates problem such as, food storage. Communication disruption, educational problem, shelter shortage. Health hazards, lack of medicine, environmental pollution and poverty. If the population is allowed to grow at this rate, people will find no place of live in and shall have to face starvation. The nation as a whole shall have to experience a miserable and pitiable condition. The entire nation will have to face a fatal consequence because people will fall in ever increasing poverty. Ultimately, they will have to lead a miserable and unhappy life. There are crowed everywhere in buses, trains, bazaars, school and colleges. At present every educational institution is overcrowded and class size is unusually large. Bangladesh is troubled with politics and violence. Thus the growth of population is a challenge to our existence as a nation. We can now realize that all our efforts for development are being frustrated. The causes to take the case of overpopulation in Bangladesh are mainly is to research our country’. Overpopulation problem is increasing day by day in our country. So we may control our population growth in future. There are two types of objectives. One is general objectives and other in specific objectives. Now both objectives of this study are given below. General objectives to find out the problems: 1. Find out the problems which are eased by the population. 2. Analysis the factors for which people are suffering for food due to over population. 3. Find out the effects of environment. 4. Overpopulation in our country creates an education problem. It’s a big problem what created by over population. 5. Analysis the effects of economic problem in Bangladesh.
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6. Find out the steps to remove this problem. Specific objective to find out the problems: 1. Find out reasons which are responsible for population problem. 2. Find out the social and financial effects due to this problem. 3. Analysis the role of population problem in ease of poverty of the people. 4. Find out the conditions of the basic needs of people offer the population problem. 5. Besides finding out the effects and reasons find out the ways of getting solution of this problem. 6. Find out the main steps which earn play a vital role to stop this problem as early as possible. To find out the causes of overpopulation in Bangladesh we have gone through Secondary sources data. Secondary sources of data collected from the newspaper journals, websites, book sets. To complete this study we have collected data from secondary sources. Those data was collected from concerned govt. documents, policies, books, newspaper, reports of NGO, from internet browsing etc.
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Factors of Overpopulation After analysis the data’s there are many causes for over population in Bangladesh. Some of these causes are describe below. Natural Factors: 1. Climate: The climate of Bangladesh is neither very cold nor hot. It is temperate. For this reason the boys and girls of Bangladesh get watchfulness earlier. So, the population of Bangladesh is increasing rapidly. 2. Configuration of land: Configuration of land and soil of Bangladesh are very favorable to live and agriculture work. Earning means and living are easy in Bangladesh so the population is increasing at high rate.
Social Factors: 1. Illiteracy: A large number of people in Bangladesh are illiterate. Because of it they are not aware about the affects of increasing of population. They take many children in their married life 2. Social & Religious superstition: Social and religious superstition are the major causes of over population in rural areas. 3. Age of marriage: Most of the girls in Bangladesh get married within 14 to 18 years. So, they enjoy a long married life and take more children. 4. Lack of entertainment: A large number of people in Bangladesh are deprived from the opportunity of entertainment and other social opportunities. They take their wives as an easiest way to entertainment. So, the population is increasing. 5. Infancy marriage & polygamous: From many years infancy marriage and polygamous are practicing in rural society in Bangladesh which is very responsible to increase population.
Economical Factors:
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1. Poverty: Large numbers of people in Bangladesh are living under poverty line. They are deprived from many opportunities of life. They have need for money. They believe, “more children earn more money”. So they procreate more children in their married life. 2. Agricultural Economics: Bangladesh is an agricultural country. Economics of Bangladesh depends on agriculture. For helping in agricultural activities farmers take more children. For this reason the increasing rate of population is increasing. As consequences the area of Bangladesh is too small to her population. As a result it creates the following problems. 3. Lack of Food: Population in Bangladesh is increasing by geometrical progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression. The production of food cannot keep pace with our increasing people. So there is the shortage of food in our country. Every year a large quantity of food is to be imported from abroad. 4. Lack of Education: To get ission in school and colleges, economical poverty is an important factor.
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Importance/Rational of the Study In modern times, Earth’s population has grown enormously and it has become the planet’s leading problem, the root of the evils, so to speak. So, it has become the burning questions that how to check the overpopulation. So, it is now become very important to learn and know about the overpopulation, and why countries become overpopulated and what are the negative prospects of this kind of overpopulation. In a word, it is now very important for all to know something about population study. Especially, for the people of overpopulated countries like Bangladesh population study is must to protect the grown problem for which we are not developing further. Population study is concerned not only with the population variables but also with the relationship between population variables genetic, geographical and interrelationship. Between those variables. It includes both qualitative and quantitative aspects of human population. Population study was not given much priority in the past. But at present days people of different field require the information about population studies, so, its importance is increasing day by day, particularly for Bangladesh. With an estimated population of 162 million (2010). Bangladesh is the most popular country of the world. The per capita earning is around 1440 dollars which is still among the west of the world. Even after considerable rise in adult literacy in recent years reaching 56 percent male and 49 percent of female education. Bangladesh is poor country, its peoples are not well educated, its people have to starve, people suffer to lead happy life, political crisis is or the top pets level etc. These all happen, because Bangladesh is overpopulated country. So, it is very important us to know what are the causes of overpopulation, its consequences and what steps should take to remove this problems. For knowing the actual condition of population Bangladesh. For knowing the rate of population growth. For knowing the causes of being oven populated. For knowing the consequences of overpopulation. It’s negative and positive effects. For finding ways to solve this problems And for process the information to the general people and make them aware about this, studies about overpopulation is very much important
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Effects of Population Problem in Bangladesh Though the problem already has created so we should not waste our time only to discussing the problem, but analyzing the resources to overcome the problem. We should all come forward to control it. We should follow some arrangement, ideas, and examples of another country. Such as family planning, education of the masses, stop early marriage, export man power to other countries, create awareness about self reliance. Most of the people in our country have no earning abilities so that they become load for the country but if they defined creative, self depended then they can become the assets of the nation. Then we can overcome the overpopulation problem into overpopulation assets. 1. Food Problem: Population in Bangladesh is increasing by geometrical progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression so there is the shortage of food in our country. 2. Communication Problem: There are crowds everywhere in buses, trains, bazaars. Schools, etc. people climb on the roof of the buses and trains to travel one to another as there is no seat inside. These cause the accident. 3. Educational Problem: It creates educational problem too. It is a Herculean job to get ission in schools and college. For twenty seats, there may be two thousand candidates. 4. Unemployment Problem: In the field of employment this condition is hazardous for a single vacant post there will be thousand candidates. 5. Shelter Problem: The area of Bangladesh is too small to arrange shelter for the large number of population. 6. Health Problem: “Health is wealth” but our people are suffering from many diseases, many children of our country are blind because they do not get enough nutrition. Our children often suffer in diarrhea. 7. Medical & Medicine Problem: The large number of population creates the treatment problem too. There is only one qualified doctor for every25000 village people on the average. 8. Environmental Problem: The increasing people pollute our environmental by making latrines on the bank of rivers and canals. Human waste pollutes our environments. The vast population also produces so much carbon dioxide which is danger for the environment. 9. Poverty: The increasing population of our country is creating pressure to our wealth, so, day by day we become poor.
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Theoretical/ Conceptual Model of Overpopulation in Bangladesh The population of a country is a blessing to her. But it becomes accurse when it grows very quickly and the people would not be productive. Bangladesh is a small country. Her population is too much to her area. So population problem to our country is the burning question of the day. Overpopulation problem in Bangladesh we represent by model. Our theoretical model is presented visually in.
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Implications of Growing Population in Bangladesh Population growth and its relation to economic growth has been a matter of debate for over a century. The early Malthusian view was that population growth is likely to impede economic growth because it will put pressure on the available resources, result in reduction in per capita income and resources; this, in turn, will result in deterioration in quality of life. Contrary to the Malthusian predictions, several of the East Asian countries have been able to achieve economic prosperity and improvement in quality of life in spite of population growth. This has been attributed to the increase in productivity due to development and utilization of innovative technologies by the wing educated population who formed the majority of the growing population. These countries have been able to exploit the dynamics of demographic transition to achieve economic growth by using the human resources as the engine driving the economic development; improved employment with adequate emoluments has promoted saving and investment which in turn stimulated economic growth. Following are the adverse effects of population growth on the Bangladesh Economy: 1. Adverse effects on savings 2. Unproductive investment 3. Slow growth of Per Capita Income 4. Underutilization of labor 5. Growing pressure on land 6. Adverse effect on quality of population and 7. Adverse social impact
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How to Combat Population Growth in Bangladesh Rapid reduction in the population growth rate can be achieved by meeting all the felt-needs for contraception; and reducing the infant and maternal morbidity and mortality so that there is a reduction in the desired level of fertility. Following methods can be adopted for the same: 1. Using various means of communication to persuade people to adopt small family norms. 2. Making available family planning methods through different outlets in every region. 3. Setting up the family planning centers to make available the services relating to family planning methods. 4. Financial assistance to the acceptors and motivators of the family planning methods. 5. Promoting female education and employment and 6. Promotion of delayed marriages.
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Conclusion Rapid population growth continues to be a matter of concern for the country as it has manifold effects, one of the most important being environment degradation. The outcomes of excessive population are industrialization and urbanization. The study reveals that rapid population growth has led to the overexploitation of natural resources. The deforestation has led to the shrinking of forest cover, which eventually affects human health. The considerable magnitude of air pollution in the country also pulls up the number of people suffering from respiratory diseases and many a times leading to deaths and serious health hazards. The situation is also similar for water pollution, as both ground water and surface water contamination leads to various water borne diseases. From the various effects of environmental degradation on human beings, discussed in this paper, it appears that if human beings wants to exist on earth, there is now high time to give top priority to control pollution of all types for a healthy living. It can be said that even after fifty years of independence, Bangladesh is unable to achieve the desirable standards of health for its population as consequences of environment degradation. What are desired are the will of the people as well as the cooperation of the Government to promote family planning methods.
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Recommendation We should all come forward to control it the govt. of Bangladesh is trying to control it. To remove this problem we should follow the following arrangements. Education is the first step. Stop and consider the present state of our constructed Bangladesh. Accumulate and read relevant information about the condition of the planet. This matter is important enough to bring it into conversations with other friends. and Oppose. Many people, and some countries, understand the need for population control and are taking action. On the other hand, some poourful, entrenched, and dominant nation-wide organizations persist in contributing to the problem. Fighting the activities of these groups in a realistic, civil, proper and helpful manner is perhaps the most important action to be considered here. Specifically, please think about doing the following: established nonprofit Population Control organizations; they have the right idea. politicians who have the courage to frankly address this issue. Oppose the activities of the major Bible-based religions. Not only are their various theories apparently not true, but their promotion of an increased population in order to add more people to praise the glory of their god is dangerous. Thinking beyond the spiritual debate over the existence of god, it should be understood that these groups are self-serving and controlling entities. And of course, the total opposition to family-planning by several of the factions is very harmful. When considering what right that these groups have to control society's activities, it is reasonable to reflect upon the following: If a god decreed, somewhat obsessively it might be noted, that people must not eat pork; or that they must attend Mass weekly; or that all women must cover their bodies, isn't it reasonable to expect that this god would check in at least once every few years? So that mankind could be told how it was doing in obeying these rules. Most of these organizations have their own secular and political agendas, some of them with virulent and intolerant activity. Therefore their property and their enterprises should not be tax exempt. Strive to have the relevant tax laws changed. Additionally, the United States should not permit the money that is contributed to these religious groups to be deducted from the personal taxes owed by individuals. Work to have this changed. Oppose those large transnational economic interests, especially the oil companies that are promoting and causing unplanned human growth. This is a no-brainer. They have their own plans, and those plans are most often not good for the planet. Conversely, those
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businesses, when we can find them that are truly friendly to the environment. Oppose any large-scale human activities such as immigration that contribute to further overpopulation. This means ing those national policies that discourage immigration. We no longer have the conditions of the earlier historical times where people our able to migrate into open frontier lands. Those times are now finished. There are no more unpopulated, wide open and fertile territories to accept new humans. The immigration that is occurring today, to Europe, to the United States, to Russia is instead that of people being allowed into established countries to be the service workers, to be the cheap labor. This is not healthy. If the native countries of the people seeking a better life elsewhere cannot sustain and nurture their own population, then something is wrong. Be honest and comionate. Help people locally. Live humanely, and be generous and charitable. But do not contribute to organizations that globally help to fund continued population growth in countries than cannot even now their people. Help to sensibly promote well-considered improvement activities in the undeveloped parts of the world. And of course, run our own life as best we practically can in a responsible and Earth-friendly manner. Be environmentally smart, and be careful that we don't fool ourselves with pretend gestures. Honest examination of the Bangladesh situation is definitely necessary. Ignoring or downplaying the overpopulation crisis is harmful to humanity's ability to deal with reality in a clear-headed manner. Our major social institutions and our major religions have no effective mechanisms for addressing the problem so the subject is often avoided. This now-unfolding Bangladesh emergency was evidently not an issue that was among the thoughts of the people who set up the practices of the Bangladesh's predominant religions. Understandably, this was not foreseen. Thus, other than declaring that we have a looming and unavoidable apocalypse at hand, most of these faiths can offer almost no guidance. For those who believe in nature, who believe in life and in the wonderful spiritual beauty of us, the crushing burden that mankind is inflicting upon the planet should be a major concern. Any time that we are discussing ecological issues, we need to have the overpopulation crisis spotlighted as being the leading cause of the damage being done to our nation. Family planning: Each family must not have more than two children. Then each Family will be planned. They should be made aware of gravity of problem.2.
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Education of the masses: To check the growth of population, topmost importance should be attached to education of the masses. It the entire population are educated, there would develop a sense of national awareness and wide outlook among them.3. Stop early marriage: if we do not stop early marriage, the people it our country will be increasing at an alarming rate day by day. Others: We can export man to other countries to remove the population crisis. To remove this problem. The lesson of self reliance is particularly needed for us.
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Bibliography http://www.wikipedia.com/bangladeshoverpopulation.bd http://www.dandebat.dk/eng-demografi.htm http://www.overpopulation.net http://www.nationalgeographic.com/eye/overpopulation http://www.lifeissues.net/writers/kas/kas_01overpopulation.html http://www.biocab.org/Overpopulation.html http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/exams...arterials/ss11_papers06.pdf Notun Bishshaw, 11thedition. Page:- 04Economics for Higher Secondary Education by Masum Ali & Nurul Alam. Page: - 214, 217- 218. Oxford International Dictionary
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Course: Communication Skills for Managers Course Code: BUS 500 Section: 02
Submitted to: Mahmood Hasan Faculty North South University
Submitted by: Fazle Abed ID: 121 04 23 060 Farhan Nowroze Noor ID: 121-1348-060 Mohammad Ashraful Hossain ID: 122 08 33 060 Rajib Guha Manosh ID: 122 08 34 060
DATE: 3rd August 2012
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Preface The aim of the project is to make the reader aware of the population problem in Bangladesh, with its implications and the ways to curb the same. The population burdens the environment. Thanks are due to the faculty of Communication Skills for Managers, Mr. Mahmood Hasan, North South University. The project could not have seen the light in the absence of of the library of the University. Thanks are due to them also. Above all, we would be thankful to our classmates, whose always helped me in this project.
August 3, 2012 Group
Fazle Abed (ID: 121 04 23 060) Farhan Nowroze Noor (ID: 121-1348-060) Mohammad Ashraful Hossain (ID: 122 08 33 060) Rajib Guha Manosh (ID: 122 08 34 060)
Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Population Growth and Environment ........................................................................................................... 2 Overpopulation ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Bangladesh is an Overpopulated Country .................................................................................................... 6 Literature Review .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Population Problem in Bangladesh ............................................................................................................. 12 Factors of Overpopulation .......................................................................................................................... 14 Importance/Rational of the Study .............................................................................................................. 16 Effects of Population Problem in Bangladesh ............................................................................................. 17 Theoretical/ Conceptual Model of Overpopulation in Bangladesh ............................................................ 18 Implications of Growing Population in Bangladesh .................................................................................... 19 How to Combat Population Growth in Bangladesh .................................................................................... 20 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Recommendation........................................................................................................................................ 22 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Introduction Throughout the twentieth century, Bangladesh has been in the midst of a demographic transition. At the beginning of the century, endemic disease, periodic epidemics, and famines kept the death rate high enough to balance out the high birth rate. Between 1911 and 1920, the birth and death rates our virtually equal--about forty-eight births and forty-eight deaths per 1,000 populations. The increasing impact of curative and preventive medicine (especially mass inoculations) brought a steady decline in the death rate. By the mid-1990s, the estimated birth rate had fallen to twenty-eight per 1,000, and the estimated death rate had fallen to ten per 1,000. Clearly, the future configuration of Bangladesh's population (indeed the future of Bangladesh itself) depends on what happens to the birth rate and it’s survived. Even the most optimistic projections do not suggest that the birth rate could drop below twenty per 1,000 before the year 2000. Bangladesh's population is likely to exceed the 20 million mark before the 2021 census. Though the population of a country is an asset, it becomes a problem when the country cannot afford to give people the basic necessaries of life like food, clothing, education, medicine and shelter soon. This problem has not only one side it has two sides. One is its original look which is known to us and the other is its background which is not familiar to us. There are causes of rapid growth of population. Now a day’s medical facilities and improvement of standard of living the death rate has gone down much but an the other hand the birth rate is on the constant increase. Early marriage and illiteracy rate are two important causes of the growth of population. While population control can involve measuring that improve. People lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction, some programs have exposed them to exploitation. No improvement is possible unless this problem is solved.
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Population Growth and Environment A research paper has outlined the effect of population on the environment. According to this research, environmental pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people in the country like rapid population growth; industrialization and urbanization in country are adversely affecting the environment. Though the relationship is complex, population size and growth tend to expand and accelerate these human impacts on the environment. All these in turn lead to an increase in the pollution levels. However, environmental pollution not only leads to deteriorating environmental conditions but also have adverse effects on the health of people. Bangladesh is one of the most degraded environment countries in the world and it is paying heavy health and economic price for it A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. In ecology the population of a certain species in a certain area is estimated using the Lincoln Index. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas. Normally breeding is substantially more common within the area than across the border. As of today's date, the world population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be 7.028 billion. The US Census Bureau estimates the 7 billion numbers was sured on 12 March 2012. According to a separate estimate by the United Nations, Earth’s population exceeded 7 billion in October 2011, a milestone that offers unprecedented challenges and opportunities to all of humanity, according to UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund. Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. The last 50 years have seen a yet more rapid increase in the rate of population growth due to medical advances and substantial increases in agricultural productivity, particularly beginning in the 1960s, made by the Green Revolution. In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world's population will likely sur 10 billion in 2055. In the future, world population has been expected to reach a peak of growth, there it will decline due to economic reasons, health concerns, land exhaustion and environmental hazards. According to one report, it is very likely that the world's population will stop growing before the end of the 21st century. Further, there is some likelihood that population will actually decline before 2100. Population has 2|Page
already declined in the last decade or two in Eastern Europe, the Baltic’s and in the Commonwealth of Independent States. The population pattern of less-developed regions of the world in recent years has been marked by gradually declining birth rates following an earlier sharp reduction in death rates. This transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates is often referred to as the demographic transition. Human population control is the practice of artificially altering the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, human population control has been implemented by limiting the population's birth rate, usually by government mandate, and has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, environmental concerns, religious reasons, and overpopulation. While population control can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction, some programs have exposed them to exploitation. Worldwide, the population control movement was active throughout the 1960s and 1970s, driving many reproductive health and family planning programs. In the 1980s, tension grew between population control advocates and women's health activists who advanced women's reproductive rights as part of a human rights-based approach. Growing opposition to the narrow population control focus led to a significant change in population control policies in the early 1990s.
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Overpopulation Overpopulation is to increase the population density of a place so much that the amount of food, water and land is insufficient in providing resources. The term overpopulation is usually refers to the relationship between humans and their environment. Causes of Overpopulation: High birth rates also contribute to the over population crisis. Large areas of land can only small numbers of people because of these labor-intensive subsistence activities. The number of people on a one piece of land is determined by how much the land can provide. Stress on available resources is also another reason some areas of land become heavily overpopulated. Overpopulated Location: Overpopulation is common in places in North America like the U.S. Places in Africa Ethiopia, Niger, Nigeria and Zimbabwe as well. Continents like Europe in Belgium and the Netherlands and in places, in Asia like Bangladesh and Japan. The Western Countries as well are affected. Is Overpopulation really a problem?: If we came to this site by means of Google, or if we have been reading up on the subject, we will have seen that there are many published articles promoting the opinion that there is, fundamentally, no problem with the number of people now on the planet. No overpopulation problem. The basic reason for these “no problem” articles, and the “no problem” talk in the media, is this: Some of the people with money – and with a financial interest in continuing on our current track – are underwriting much of the continued defense of this stance. And importantly, some organizations with money and influence are also aggressively promoting this position. But if we look a bit more closely, we will see that many of the Google links are to writings that date from the 1990s or earlier. After around 2002, the world situation became so clear – and so clearly dangerous – that the denial position has been harder to present without drawing ridicule. Regarding the creation of these “no problem” writings: Who, more specifically, are the people promoting this position, and why? Some, to be sure, are sincere, and truly believe – with their own logic – that there is no problem, or that the issue can be managed without causing lasting harm to the planet. Generally, it would seem that there are four types of denial promoters.
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1. Those in research or educational institutions – who are ultimately being funded by the entities controlling our present social order. These opinion-crafters may generally believe in what they are writing, but the dissemination of their ideas – and they well know this – is being done with the money provided by those who have used the current world structure to obtain their money and of course want to have this stream of money continue. 2. The simple flacks – hired writers – who are being employed to uncritically create promotional pieces and ads for the financial interests that are controlling the status quo. As in: Global warming? Overpopulation? Don't get too concerned about that stuff – we'll give ourselves a headache. Here, try this new fat-free cookie. 3. The individuals and the organizations that are sincere in their positions on this issue – but are mired in their own particular circumstances which have them deeply involved on the wrong side of the problem. On a personal level these people are the saddest, and their opinions are often the most recalcitrant and shrill as they defend not merely their beliefs, but their very existence. 4. The independent true believers. They too should be looked upon with some sympathy. Once a person has struck a position, it is often difficult to accept that it may be wrong, even in the face of strong evidence.
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Bangladesh is an Overpopulated Country Bangladesh has the world’s highest rates of population growth in the world. Human population control is the practice of artificially threat of growth of human Population. Bangladesh is a country of south-east Asia. It is well known as a developing country. There are many problems in this country, which are said to be major obstacles in the development of this country. Excessive Population is said to be the worst among all current problems. If we compare to the global population we will see why population causes such damage to the development of Bangladesh. The area of Bangladesh is near to 55 thousand square miles or 1, 47,570 square kilometer. The current population of Bangladesh is approximately over 160 million and will exceed 200 million within 2020. The average population density per square kilometer is almost 1000. Even a very rich country would have been in deep troubles if they have to handle such mass population in such short land. So whenever the government tends to take any developing steps, they seem to fell into shortage of resources for such huge population. As a result the actual development is just getting being delayed a hampered a lot. In the 1980s, Bangladesh faced no greater problem than population growth. Census data compiled in 1901 indicated a total of 29 million in East Bengal, the region that became East Pakistan and eventually Bangladesh. By 1951, four years after partition from Bangladesh, East Pakistan had 44 million people, a number that grew rapidly up to the first post independence census, taken in 1974, which reported the national population at 71 million. The 1981 census reported a population of 87 million and a 2.3 percent annual growth rate. Thus, in just 80 years, the population had tripled. In July 1988 the population, by then the eighth largest in the world, stood at 109,963,551, and the average annual growth rate was 2.6 percent. According to official estimates, Bangladesh was expected to reach a population of more than 140 million by the year 2000. Bangladesh's population density provided further evidence of the problems the nation faced. In 1901 an average of 216 persons inhabited one square kilometer. By 1951 that number had increased to 312 per square kilometer and, in 1988, reached 821. By the year 2000, population density was projected to exceed 1,000 persons per square kilometer. The crude birth rate per 1,000 populations was 34.6 in 1981. This rate remained unchanged in 1985, following a 20-year trend of decline since 1961, when it had stood at 47 per 1,000. The rural birth rate was higher than birth rates in urban areas; in 1985 there our 36.3 births per 1,000 in the countryside 6|Page
versus 28 per 1,000 in urban areas. The crude death rate per 1,000 populations decreased from 40.7 in 1951 to 12 per 1,000 in 1985; the urban crude death rate was 8.3, and the rural crude death rate was 12.9. The infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births was 111.9 in 1985, a distinct improvement from as recently as 1982, when the rate was 121.9. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 55.1 years in 1986. Men and women have very similar life expectancies at 55.4 and 55, respectively. With an average life expectancy of 58.8 years, urban dwellers in 1986 our likely to live longer than their rural counterparts (average life expectancy 54.8 years). The sex ratio of the population in 1981 was 106 males to 100 females. In the late 1980s, about 82 percent of the population of Bangladesh (a total of 15.1 million households) resided in rural areas. With the exception of parts of Sylhet and Rangamati regions, where settlements occurred in nucleated or clustered patterns, the villages our scattered collections of homesteads surrounded by trees. Continuous strings of settlements along the roadside our also common in the southeastern part of the country. Until the 1980s, Bangladesh was the most rural nation in South Asia. In 1931 only 27 out of every 1,000 persons our urban dwellers in what is now Bangladesh. In 1931 Bangladesh had fifty towns; by 1951 the country had eighty-nine towns, cities, and municipalities. During the 1980s, industrial development began to have a small effect on urbanization. The 1974 census had put the urban population of Bangladesh at 8.8 percent of the total; by 1988 that proportion had reached 18 percent and was projected to rise to 30 percent by the year 2000. In 1981 only two cities, Dhaka and Chittagong, had more than 1 million residents. Seven other cities-Narayanganj, Khulna, Barisal, Saidpur, Rajshahi, Mymensingh, and Comilla--each had more than 100,000 people. Of all the expanding cities, Dhaka, the national capital and the principal seat of culture, had made the most gains in population, growing from 335,928 in 1951 to 3.4 million in 1981. In the same period, Chittagong had grown from 289,981 to 1.4 million. A majority of the other urban areas each had between 20,000 and 50,000 people. These relatively small towns had grown up in most cases as istrative centers and geographically suitable localities for inland transportation and commercial facilities. There was no particular concentration of towns in any part of the country. In fact, the only large cities close to each other our Dhaka and Narayanganj.
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We can have a look of the world population percentage distribution it will be a clear picture that as a very small landed country, Bangladesh contributes 2.4% of world population as a developing country.
Source: UN Year 2011 Population Report
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Literature Review Population is fundamental and the most important element of a state. But over population is a great challenge for a country. Over population is a condition where an organism’s numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. The term often refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth. Steve Jones, head of the biology department at University College London has said, "Humans are 10,000 times more common than we should be, according to the rules of the animal kingdom, and we have agriculture to thank for that. Without farming, the world population would probably have reached half a million by now."Over population does not depend only on the size or density of the population, but on the ratio of population to available sustainable resources. It also depends on the way resources are used and distributed throughout the population. Over population can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates due to medical advances, from an increase in immigration, or from an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. Population of a country is a great asset unless this becomes unusually big in relation to the ability of food production of the country. Bangladesh is an over populated country. So population problem is one of the top problems in Bangladesh. The statistics about the population of Bangladesh has given below.
Source: Bangladesh Economical Scrutiny –2011 Subject Population Increasing rate of Population Men: Women
Amount 14.79 core 1.36% 105:100
Density of Population in every aquare kilo meter
993 persons
Gross birth rate in every thousand
19.4 persons
Gross death rate in every thousand
5.8 persons
Fertility of women (Age: 15-49 years) in every thousand
2.15 persons
Rate of using family planning
56.40%
Average age of first marriage
Male: 23.4years & Female: 18.5 years
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A chart is given below by showing the population during 1974 to 2011.
Year
Population (Core)
1974 1981 1991 2001 2010 2011
7.64 8.99% 11.14 13.03 16.44 14.79
In the chart we see that the population of Bangladesh was increased very rapidly from 1974 to 2010. But, in 2011 we see 1.65 core of our population has decreased which is very favorable to Bangladesh. But, it’s not enough. Bangladesh is 7th largest populated country in the world among 195 countries. Causes and Consequences of over population are described. The baseline for population studies on Bangladesh is the official census which is conducted every 10 years, the last being in 2011. We can have forecast of Bangladesh population. It will go up to more than 16 Core by next two years.
Population Growth in Years
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A chart is given below by showing the population during 1950 to 2010 to show the percentage age of different age group.
Year
Total population
Population aged 0-14 (%)
Population aged 15-64 (%)
Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
37 895 43 444 50 102 57 792 66 881 70 582 80 624 92 284 105 256 117 487 129 592 140 588 148 692
41.2 42.4 43.6 44.7 44.7 45.8 45 43.9 42.5 40.3 37.3 34.3 31.3
54.8 54.1 53.1 52 51.8 50.7 51.4 52.5 53.8 55.9 58.7 61.4 64.1
3.9 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 4.3 4.6
In the chart we see that the population of (aged 0-14) % increased very rapidly from 1950 to 2010. For this follow up the population of (aged 15-64) % increase in same acceleration. But for the climate and geographical purpose the percentage rate of above (aged 65) % is very less. But, it’s not enough.
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Population Problem in Bangladesh Population problem is no doubt, a burning question in Bangladesh. Our economic hardship is aggravating due to over growing population. It is certainly, number one problem of our country. Bangladesh. Occupies the 8th position among the countries of the world in respect of population. The present growth rate of population in Bangladesh is 1.34%. Every year more than two million people are being added to our population. If this alarming growth rate continues, the population of Bangladesh will be doubled within next thirty years and it will be nearly 30 cores at that time. The population of Bangladesh is increasing by geometric progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression. As a result, it creates problem such as, food storage. Communication disruption, educational problem, shelter shortage. Health hazards, lack of medicine, environmental pollution and poverty. If the population is allowed to grow at this rate, people will find no place of live in and shall have to face starvation. The nation as a whole shall have to experience a miserable and pitiable condition. The entire nation will have to face a fatal consequence because people will fall in ever increasing poverty. Ultimately, they will have to lead a miserable and unhappy life. There are crowed everywhere in buses, trains, bazaars, school and colleges. At present every educational institution is overcrowded and class size is unusually large. Bangladesh is troubled with politics and violence. Thus the growth of population is a challenge to our existence as a nation. We can now realize that all our efforts for development are being frustrated. The causes to take the case of overpopulation in Bangladesh are mainly is to research our country’. Overpopulation problem is increasing day by day in our country. So we may control our population growth in future. There are two types of objectives. One is general objectives and other in specific objectives. Now both objectives of this study are given below. General objectives to find out the problems: 1. Find out the problems which are eased by the population. 2. Analysis the factors for which people are suffering for food due to over population. 3. Find out the effects of environment. 4. Overpopulation in our country creates an education problem. It’s a big problem what created by over population. 5. Analysis the effects of economic problem in Bangladesh.
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6. Find out the steps to remove this problem. Specific objective to find out the problems: 1. Find out reasons which are responsible for population problem. 2. Find out the social and financial effects due to this problem. 3. Analysis the role of population problem in ease of poverty of the people. 4. Find out the conditions of the basic needs of people offer the population problem. 5. Besides finding out the effects and reasons find out the ways of getting solution of this problem. 6. Find out the main steps which earn play a vital role to stop this problem as early as possible. To find out the causes of overpopulation in Bangladesh we have gone through Secondary sources data. Secondary sources of data collected from the newspaper journals, websites, book sets. To complete this study we have collected data from secondary sources. Those data was collected from concerned govt. documents, policies, books, newspaper, reports of NGO, from internet browsing etc.
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Factors of Overpopulation After analysis the data’s there are many causes for over population in Bangladesh. Some of these causes are describe below. Natural Factors: 1. Climate: The climate of Bangladesh is neither very cold nor hot. It is temperate. For this reason the boys and girls of Bangladesh get watchfulness earlier. So, the population of Bangladesh is increasing rapidly. 2. Configuration of land: Configuration of land and soil of Bangladesh are very favorable to live and agriculture work. Earning means and living are easy in Bangladesh so the population is increasing at high rate.
Social Factors: 1. Illiteracy: A large number of people in Bangladesh are illiterate. Because of it they are not aware about the affects of increasing of population. They take many children in their married life 2. Social & Religious superstition: Social and religious superstition are the major causes of over population in rural areas. 3. Age of marriage: Most of the girls in Bangladesh get married within 14 to 18 years. So, they enjoy a long married life and take more children. 4. Lack of entertainment: A large number of people in Bangladesh are deprived from the opportunity of entertainment and other social opportunities. They take their wives as an easiest way to entertainment. So, the population is increasing. 5. Infancy marriage & polygamous: From many years infancy marriage and polygamous are practicing in rural society in Bangladesh which is very responsible to increase population.
Economical Factors:
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1. Poverty: Large numbers of people in Bangladesh are living under poverty line. They are deprived from many opportunities of life. They have need for money. They believe, “more children earn more money”. So they procreate more children in their married life. 2. Agricultural Economics: Bangladesh is an agricultural country. Economics of Bangladesh depends on agriculture. For helping in agricultural activities farmers take more children. For this reason the increasing rate of population is increasing. As consequences the area of Bangladesh is too small to her population. As a result it creates the following problems. 3. Lack of Food: Population in Bangladesh is increasing by geometrical progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression. The production of food cannot keep pace with our increasing people. So there is the shortage of food in our country. Every year a large quantity of food is to be imported from abroad. 4. Lack of Education: To get ission in school and colleges, economical poverty is an important factor.
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Importance/Rational of the Study In modern times, Earth’s population has grown enormously and it has become the planet’s leading problem, the root of the evils, so to speak. So, it has become the burning questions that how to check the overpopulation. So, it is now become very important to learn and know about the overpopulation, and why countries become overpopulated and what are the negative prospects of this kind of overpopulation. In a word, it is now very important for all to know something about population study. Especially, for the people of overpopulated countries like Bangladesh population study is must to protect the grown problem for which we are not developing further. Population study is concerned not only with the population variables but also with the relationship between population variables genetic, geographical and interrelationship. Between those variables. It includes both qualitative and quantitative aspects of human population. Population study was not given much priority in the past. But at present days people of different field require the information about population studies, so, its importance is increasing day by day, particularly for Bangladesh. With an estimated population of 162 million (2010). Bangladesh is the most popular country of the world. The per capita earning is around 1440 dollars which is still among the west of the world. Even after considerable rise in adult literacy in recent years reaching 56 percent male and 49 percent of female education. Bangladesh is poor country, its peoples are not well educated, its people have to starve, people suffer to lead happy life, political crisis is or the top pets level etc. These all happen, because Bangladesh is overpopulated country. So, it is very important us to know what are the causes of overpopulation, its consequences and what steps should take to remove this problems. For knowing the actual condition of population Bangladesh. For knowing the rate of population growth. For knowing the causes of being oven populated. For knowing the consequences of overpopulation. It’s negative and positive effects. For finding ways to solve this problems And for process the information to the general people and make them aware about this, studies about overpopulation is very much important
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Effects of Population Problem in Bangladesh Though the problem already has created so we should not waste our time only to discussing the problem, but analyzing the resources to overcome the problem. We should all come forward to control it. We should follow some arrangement, ideas, and examples of another country. Such as family planning, education of the masses, stop early marriage, export man power to other countries, create awareness about self reliance. Most of the people in our country have no earning abilities so that they become load for the country but if they defined creative, self depended then they can become the assets of the nation. Then we can overcome the overpopulation problem into overpopulation assets. 1. Food Problem: Population in Bangladesh is increasing by geometrical progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression so there is the shortage of food in our country. 2. Communication Problem: There are crowds everywhere in buses, trains, bazaars. Schools, etc. people climb on the roof of the buses and trains to travel one to another as there is no seat inside. These cause the accident. 3. Educational Problem: It creates educational problem too. It is a Herculean job to get ission in schools and college. For twenty seats, there may be two thousand candidates. 4. Unemployment Problem: In the field of employment this condition is hazardous for a single vacant post there will be thousand candidates. 5. Shelter Problem: The area of Bangladesh is too small to arrange shelter for the large number of population. 6. Health Problem: “Health is wealth” but our people are suffering from many diseases, many children of our country are blind because they do not get enough nutrition. Our children often suffer in diarrhea. 7. Medical & Medicine Problem: The large number of population creates the treatment problem too. There is only one qualified doctor for every25000 village people on the average. 8. Environmental Problem: The increasing people pollute our environmental by making latrines on the bank of rivers and canals. Human waste pollutes our environments. The vast population also produces so much carbon dioxide which is danger for the environment. 9. Poverty: The increasing population of our country is creating pressure to our wealth, so, day by day we become poor.
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Theoretical/ Conceptual Model of Overpopulation in Bangladesh The population of a country is a blessing to her. But it becomes accurse when it grows very quickly and the people would not be productive. Bangladesh is a small country. Her population is too much to her area. So population problem to our country is the burning question of the day. Overpopulation problem in Bangladesh we represent by model. Our theoretical model is presented visually in.
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Implications of Growing Population in Bangladesh Population growth and its relation to economic growth has been a matter of debate for over a century. The early Malthusian view was that population growth is likely to impede economic growth because it will put pressure on the available resources, result in reduction in per capita income and resources; this, in turn, will result in deterioration in quality of life. Contrary to the Malthusian predictions, several of the East Asian countries have been able to achieve economic prosperity and improvement in quality of life in spite of population growth. This has been attributed to the increase in productivity due to development and utilization of innovative technologies by the wing educated population who formed the majority of the growing population. These countries have been able to exploit the dynamics of demographic transition to achieve economic growth by using the human resources as the engine driving the economic development; improved employment with adequate emoluments has promoted saving and investment which in turn stimulated economic growth. Following are the adverse effects of population growth on the Bangladesh Economy: 1. Adverse effects on savings 2. Unproductive investment 3. Slow growth of Per Capita Income 4. Underutilization of labor 5. Growing pressure on land 6. Adverse effect on quality of population and 7. Adverse social impact
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How to Combat Population Growth in Bangladesh Rapid reduction in the population growth rate can be achieved by meeting all the felt-needs for contraception; and reducing the infant and maternal morbidity and mortality so that there is a reduction in the desired level of fertility. Following methods can be adopted for the same: 1. Using various means of communication to persuade people to adopt small family norms. 2. Making available family planning methods through different outlets in every region. 3. Setting up the family planning centers to make available the services relating to family planning methods. 4. Financial assistance to the acceptors and motivators of the family planning methods. 5. Promoting female education and employment and 6. Promotion of delayed marriages.
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Conclusion Rapid population growth continues to be a matter of concern for the country as it has manifold effects, one of the most important being environment degradation. The outcomes of excessive population are industrialization and urbanization. The study reveals that rapid population growth has led to the overexploitation of natural resources. The deforestation has led to the shrinking of forest cover, which eventually affects human health. The considerable magnitude of air pollution in the country also pulls up the number of people suffering from respiratory diseases and many a times leading to deaths and serious health hazards. The situation is also similar for water pollution, as both ground water and surface water contamination leads to various water borne diseases. From the various effects of environmental degradation on human beings, discussed in this paper, it appears that if human beings wants to exist on earth, there is now high time to give top priority to control pollution of all types for a healthy living. It can be said that even after fifty years of independence, Bangladesh is unable to achieve the desirable standards of health for its population as consequences of environment degradation. What are desired are the will of the people as well as the cooperation of the Government to promote family planning methods.
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Recommendation We should all come forward to control it the govt. of Bangladesh is trying to control it. To remove this problem we should follow the following arrangements. Education is the first step. Stop and consider the present state of our constructed Bangladesh. Accumulate and read relevant information about the condition of the planet. This matter is important enough to bring it into conversations with other friends. and Oppose. Many people, and some countries, understand the need for population control and are taking action. On the other hand, some poourful, entrenched, and dominant nation-wide organizations persist in contributing to the problem. Fighting the activities of these groups in a realistic, civil, proper and helpful manner is perhaps the most important action to be considered here. Specifically, please think about doing the following: established nonprofit Population Control organizations; they have the right idea. politicians who have the courage to frankly address this issue. Oppose the activities of the major Bible-based religions. Not only are their various theories apparently not true, but their promotion of an increased population in order to add more people to praise the glory of their god is dangerous. Thinking beyond the spiritual debate over the existence of god, it should be understood that these groups are self-serving and controlling entities. And of course, the total opposition to family-planning by several of the factions is very harmful. When considering what right that these groups have to control society's activities, it is reasonable to reflect upon the following: If a god decreed, somewhat obsessively it might be noted, that people must not eat pork; or that they must attend Mass weekly; or that all women must cover their bodies, isn't it reasonable to expect that this god would check in at least once every few years? So that mankind could be told how it was doing in obeying these rules. Most of these organizations have their own secular and political agendas, some of them with virulent and intolerant activity. Therefore their property and their enterprises should not be tax exempt. Strive to have the relevant tax laws changed. Additionally, the United States should not permit the money that is contributed to these religious groups to be deducted from the personal taxes owed by individuals. Work to have this changed. Oppose those large transnational economic interests, especially the oil companies that are promoting and causing unplanned human growth. This is a no-brainer. They have their own plans, and those plans are most often not good for the planet. Conversely, those
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businesses, when we can find them that are truly friendly to the environment. Oppose any large-scale human activities such as immigration that contribute to further overpopulation. This means ing those national policies that discourage immigration. We no longer have the conditions of the earlier historical times where people our able to migrate into open frontier lands. Those times are now finished. There are no more unpopulated, wide open and fertile territories to accept new humans. The immigration that is occurring today, to Europe, to the United States, to Russia is instead that of people being allowed into established countries to be the service workers, to be the cheap labor. This is not healthy. If the native countries of the people seeking a better life elsewhere cannot sustain and nurture their own population, then something is wrong. Be honest and comionate. Help people locally. Live humanely, and be generous and charitable. But do not contribute to organizations that globally help to fund continued population growth in countries than cannot even now their people. Help to sensibly promote well-considered improvement activities in the undeveloped parts of the world. And of course, run our own life as best we practically can in a responsible and Earth-friendly manner. Be environmentally smart, and be careful that we don't fool ourselves with pretend gestures. Honest examination of the Bangladesh situation is definitely necessary. Ignoring or downplaying the overpopulation crisis is harmful to humanity's ability to deal with reality in a clear-headed manner. Our major social institutions and our major religions have no effective mechanisms for addressing the problem so the subject is often avoided. This now-unfolding Bangladesh emergency was evidently not an issue that was among the thoughts of the people who set up the practices of the Bangladesh's predominant religions. Understandably, this was not foreseen. Thus, other than declaring that we have a looming and unavoidable apocalypse at hand, most of these faiths can offer almost no guidance. For those who believe in nature, who believe in life and in the wonderful spiritual beauty of us, the crushing burden that mankind is inflicting upon the planet should be a major concern. Any time that we are discussing ecological issues, we need to have the overpopulation crisis spotlighted as being the leading cause of the damage being done to our nation. Family planning: Each family must not have more than two children. Then each Family will be planned. They should be made aware of gravity of problem.2.
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Education of the masses: To check the growth of population, topmost importance should be attached to education of the masses. It the entire population are educated, there would develop a sense of national awareness and wide outlook among them.3. Stop early marriage: if we do not stop early marriage, the people it our country will be increasing at an alarming rate day by day. Others: We can export man to other countries to remove the population crisis. To remove this problem. The lesson of self reliance is particularly needed for us.
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Bibliography http://www.wikipedia.com/bangladeshoverpopulation.bd http://www.dandebat.dk/eng-demografi.htm http://www.overpopulation.net http://www.nationalgeographic.com/eye/overpopulation http://www.lifeissues.net/writers/kas/kas_01overpopulation.html http://www.biocab.org/Overpopulation.html http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/exams...arterials/ss11_papers06.pdf Notun Bishshaw, 11thedition. Page:- 04Economics for Higher Secondary Education by Masum Ali & Nurul Alam. Page: - 214, 217- 218. Oxford International Dictionary
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