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~'IiJ 1 eigyo-ka sales section eigyo business, trade, sales oka section (smaller than -bu) 2 heya room 3 ni in, at See § 12 4 doa 'door' 5 ga See § 12 6 futa-tsu two See § 14 7 ar"u exist See § 12 8 naka (N) inside 9 tsukue desk 10 takusan (N/Adv) many, much 11 i"ru exist; stay See § 12 12 iku-tsu how many; how old (age) See § 14 13 hito-tsu one See § 14 ]1-1Ii

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14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 23 24 25

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mit-tsu three See § 14 yot-tsu four See § 14 itsu-tsu five See § 14 zenbu (N/Adv) all, whole zenbu de in all jO-go fifteen jO ten go five isu chair nan-nin how many people nan- (+Count.) how many; what -nin (Count. for persons) See § 14 ima now 22 hito-ri one person futa-ri two persons san-nin three persons yo-nin four persons

26 go-nin five persons 27 hachi-nin eight persons 28 ka-cho section chief -cM' chief 29 oku the end of a room, inner part 30 ue top; surface; upper part See § 13 31 ya and See § 15 32 denwa telephone 33 -satsu (Count. for books) See § 14 34 -bon =-hon, -pon (Count. for cylindrical things) See § 14 35 sumi corner (seen from inside) cf. kado (corner from outside) 36 hon-dana bookshelf -dana =tana shelf

3 ft .o:.......

37 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

yoko (N) beside, by Ica,enda 'calendar' 39 mado window soba (N) beside, close by ,aHa 'locker' keisan-ki calculator, computer keisan calculation -ki machine -dai (Count. for machines) See § 14 ushiro (N) back, rear to and See § 15 man-naka center, middle man- =ma- at the height/center of kokuban blackboard mae (N) before, front ...zutsu ...each 7'"-7

No. 1-2-]5

Dai

3-ka

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Lesson 3 Inside the Room

Heya no Naka DKokowa eigyo-ka no heya desu. Konoheya niwa doa ga futa-tsuarimasu. Heya no naka niwa tsukue ga takusan arimasu. Hito mo takusan imasu.

n This

is the sales section's room.

There are two doors to this room. There are many desks in the room. There are also many people. f)-How

6-

Tsukue wa iku-tsu arimasu ka? Hito-tsu, futa-tsu, mit-tsu, yot-tsu, itsu-tsu...zenbu de jO-go arimasu. Isu mo jO-goarimasu. -Hito wa nan-nin imasu ka? Ima, hito-ri,futa-ri, san-nin, yo-nin,go-nin...hachi-ninimasu.

many desks are there?

One, two, three, four, five There are fifteen in all. There are also fifteen chairs. -How

many people are there?

One, two, three, four, five IJ -

There are eight persons here now.

Where is the Section Chief's desk?

Jt is in the back of the room.

II-Ka-cho-san

no tsukue wa doko desu ka?

Heya no oku desu. Watashi no tsukue wa kore desu. Tsukue no ue niwa, hon ya boru-penya denwa ga arimasu.

This is my desko

There are books, ball-point pens, and a telephone on the desko There are five books and three ball-point pens. There is a big b~okshelf in the corner of the room. There is a calendar next to the bookshelf.

Hon wa go-satsu, bOru-penwa san-bon arimasu.

There are also some lockers near the window.

Heya no sumi ni okii hon-danaga arimasu. Sono yoko ni karendaga arimasu. Mado no soba ni roHa mo arimasu. -Keisan-ki wa nan-dai arimasu ka?

-How

many computers are there?

There are three in all.

There is one behind me, one in the middle of the room,

and one in front of that blackboard.

Zenbu de san-dai arimasu. Watashi no ushiroto heya no man-naka to ano kokubanno mae ni ichi-daizutsu arimasu.

36-1/1

3 ft

ANSWERS
r § 14 How to Count Things or Persons (SeeAppendix)

8)($

Japanese has two different sets of Numerals:

§ 12 Existence, Location, and Quantity

1

N (inanimate)

e.g. Koko ni denwa ga arimasu. 'Here is a telephone.' Asoko ni gakusei ga imasu.

I

2

4

3 I

I

6

5 I

I

Ma-

rni-

yo(n)-

itsu-

mu-

nana-

'C'

ichi

ni

san

shi

go

roku

shichi

9

10

I

ya-

I

kokono-

hachi ku/kyu

to ju

'There is a student over there.' When actually counting things, it is necessary to combine 'C' Numerals (with a few exceptions) and what are caIIed Counters

objects or abstract N such as books, telephones, problems, causes, etc., while

upon the kind of thing to be counted.

imasu (Dictionary form iru) is used for living beings such as people, dogs, fish,

used are the following:

birds, etc. When the location or quantity of a particular pattern

(or Counter-suffixes)

The Counters

depending

that are most commonly

-mai

for thin, fiat objects Iike paper, plates, shirts, etc.

-hon

for long, slender objects like trees, pencils, chalk, etc.

thing or person is the focus (h is replaced by p after

is used.

-satsu

N wa (Location) (Quantity) arimasu/imasu.

e.g. Anata no tsukue wa doko ni arimasu ka? 'Where is your desk?'

§ I3

8 I

hito-

something that exists. Arimasu (Dictionary form aru) is used for inanimate

-(Watashi

7 I

'J'

The ParticIe ni is attached to N denoting place and expresses the location of

of the sentence, the following

m

table below) and the other of Chinese origin ('C' below).

arimasu. . ga (Quantity) . { Imasu. { N (ammate) }

(Location)

one native Japanese ('J' in the

no tsukue wa) koko ni arimasu.

'My desk is here.'

See Appendix.)

for books

-dai

for automobiles,

-hiki

for smaII animals

bicycles,

typewriters,

tape recorders, etc.

-wa

for birds (-pa after 6 and 10, and -ba after 3)

-nin

for people

Exceptions:

Relative Position

I, 6 and 10, and by b after 3.

'one person'=hito-ri;

'two -'=futa-ri;

'four -'=yo-nin

When expressing numbers in the abstract, as in mathematics, the 'c' Numerals

ue shita

'on/over/above/on

mae

'in front of

ushiro N no J ) ni naka soto hidari migi 38-1/131!11

top of

alone

'under/beneath/below

'behind/at

the back of

'in/inside 'outside of 'to the left of 'to the right of

are used.

For things which are not cIearIy

shapeless, the suffix -tsu

is attached

to the 'J'

categorized

Numerals,

or which are

e.g. stones, cups,

boxes, stars, ideas, problems, etc. N'

§ 15 Noun-coning Particles: to and ya N I to N 2 to N 3 'N I, N2, and N3' (implying

that these three things are

all that there are-'exhaustive') NI ya N 2 ya N 3

'NI, N2, and N3' (among others-'non-exhaustive') 39

-.............. 1

.a~ I. (A)

ANSWERS--->p.37

(8)

Answer the following questions.

1.

Ki no shita ni dare ga imasu ka?

2. Watashi no yoko ni dare to dare

Practice with the picture.

ga imasu ka?

Locate the things in the picture (CD) as shown in the examples.

I. Tsukue no mae ni isu ga arimasu.

3. Tar6 wa doko ni imasu ka?

2. Tsukue no ue ni denwa ya tokei

4. Nekol8 wa doko ni imasu ka?

ya enpitsu1 ga arimasu. 3. Denwa no

5. Torj19wa doko ni imasu ka? .....

hidari2 ni tokei ga arimasu. 4. Ringo3

.--.-....--.-----

I

fII'f.A

fi/J"'.

no migi4 ni tabako ga arimasu. 5. Mado no soba ni terebi5 to teburu6

III.

Practice with the pictures (CD,@).

ga arimasu.

(A)

Practice the following

6. Terebi no shita7 ni kamera ga arimasu.

1. Denwa ga ichi-dai arimasu. 2. Kami20ga ni-mai21arimasu.

sentences.

3. Ki wa zenbu de nan-bon arimasu ka? -Rop-pon arimasu.

(8) Answer the following questions.

4. Inu wa nan-biki22imasu ka? -Ni-hiki imasu.

1. Tokei no migi ni nani8 ga arimasu ka?

(8)

2. Teburuno ue ni nani ga arimasu ka? 3. Hana wa doko ni arimasu ka?

Q: Ringo wa iku-tsu arimasu ka? -A:

(A)

Itsu-tsu arimasu.

IV. Make dialogs as shown in the example.

4. Hon wa doko ni arimasu ka? II.

Make questions such as the following and answer them.

Ex. Q: (anata no kaisha) Anata no kaisha wa doko ni arimasu ka?

Practice with the picture (@).

A: (in Tokyo) Watashi no kaisha wa T6ky6 ni arimasu.

Locate the people or animals in the picture.

1. Q: (bijutsu-kan)

A: (in the middle of the park23)

1. D6ro9 no soba ni kodomolo ga imasu.

2. Q: (tosho-kan)

A: (beside the university)

2. KiII no shita ni onna no k012ga imasu. 3. Jid6sha no naka ni Tar6 ga

3. Q: (anata no kazoku24)

A: (in Canada)

imasu. 4. Jid6sha no ushiro ni inul3 ga imasu. 5. Okii ki to chiisai ki no

4. Q: (by6in)

A: (in front of the post offic~)

aidal4 ni otokol5 no ko ga imasu. 6. Tomuto Jonl6 no aida ni watashi ga

5. Q: (ka-ch6-san)

A: (by the window)

imasu. 7. Watashi no tonari'7 ni Tomuga imasu. aB1'ij I enpitsu pencil 2 hidari (N) left 4 migi (N) right 5 tereb; 'television' 6 teburu 'table' 7 shita (N) under, ~o-.

3II

3 ringo

beneath

apple

8 10 II 12

nani what 9 dDro road kodomo child(ren) ki tree, wood ko =kodomo child(ren) on na no ko girl 13 inu dog 14 aida (N) between

15 otoku man, male (person) otoko no ko boy 16 Jon 'John' 17 tonari (N) (sitting/standing/living/ placing) next (to...) 18 neko cat 19 tori bird

20 kami paper 21 .mai sheet (Coun!. for thin, fiat objects) See § 14 22 -biki = .hiki, .piki (Count. for small animals) 23 kDen park 24 kazoku family T-?

No. 1-2~1

.-I shOshol9 desu.

.~i!

ANATA NO SHUMI WA? Anata no shumP wa nan desu ka? -Gorufu2

desu.

Nippon niwa gorufu-j03 ga arimasu ka?

-E, takusan arimasu yo. Hap-pyaku4 gurai arimasu. Hoho,5 oi6 desu ne.

Anata wa doko no menbeF desu ka? -Hakone8

Kantori Kurabu9 desu.

What is your hobby? -Golf. Are there any golf courses in Japan? -Yes, there are many. There are about 800. Really! Thats a lot. Where are you a member? -Hakone Country Club. About how many yards is it? -7,500. Big, isn't it? About how many caddies are there? -About 150. They are all good caddies. Are all of them male caddies? -No. Caddies are usually women in Japan. By the way, is your hobby golf too? No, my hobby is stampcollecting.

Nan-yódolO gurai arimasu ka? -Nana-sen-go-hyaku

11

~1;J I 2 3 4

desu.

Okii desu ne. Kyadil2 wa nan-nin gurai imasu ka? -Hyaku-go-jO-ninI3 gurai desu. Minal4 ijl5 kyadi desu.

Mina otoko no kyadi desu ka? -lie,

Nippon dewal6 kyadi wa taitei17

onna desu.

Tokorode,18 anatano shumi ma gorufu desu ka? lie, watashi no shumi wa kitte 42-1/1311

no

no imoto no shumi

-Watashi

ma

kitte desu. Uchi niwa kirei-na kitte ya mezurashij2°kitte ga iroiro21 arimasu. 50 desu ka. Tokorode, imoto-san wa iku-tsu desu ka?

-JO-roku-sai22 desu.

Koko-sei23 desu.

Kore wa imoto no shashin desu. H024..., kirei-na imoto-san desu ne. . .. _lya25...

sore hodo26 demo arimasen.

Anata nimo27 imoto-san ga imasu ka? lie, otOto ga futa-ri imasu. Watashi-tachi wa san-nin kyodai28desu. Watashi no tsugi no otOto wa ni-jO-go-

shumi hobby gorufu 'golf' gorufu-jo golf course hap-pyaku 800 -pyaku

= -hyaku,

-byaku

hundred Hoho I see o'i many; much menba 'member' Hakone (a place name) kantor; kurabu 'country c1ub' 10 yado 'yard' II nana-sen-go-hyaku 7,500 -sen= -zen thousand 12 kyadi 'caddie' 13 hyaku-go-jO-nin 150 persons 14 mina=minna (NfAdv) all 15 ii=yo'i good 16 de in, at 17 taitei (NfAdv) mostly 5 6 7 8 9

-Stamps are my younger sister's hobby too. We have all kinds of beautirul and rarestamps at home. Is that so? By the way, how old is your younger sister? -Sixteen. She is a high school student. This is a picture or my younger sister. My, what a pretty sister! -No, not really. Do you have a younger sister too? No, I have two younger brothers_ We are three brothers. My immediately younger brother is 25 years old. My youngest brother is stilI a student. - What university (is he going to)? University of London. His hobby is music.

18 19 20 21

tokorode By the way shOshO (Nv) collection mezurashi. i rare iroiro (N/Nal Adv) variety, several kinds 22 jO-roku-sai 16 years old -sai age,.. .old 23 koko-sei high school student koko= kotogakko high school -sei student 24 Ho I see 25 Iya well, no... 26 ...hodo degree See § 104 sore hodo to that degree 27 ni with See § 12, § 68 28 kyodai brothers and/or sisters 29 ni-jO-go-sai 25 years old 30 mada stili See § 25 31 ongaku music

sai29 desu. 5hita no ototo wa mada30gakusei desu. -Doko

no daigaku desu ka?

Rondon Daigakudesu. Kare no shumi wa ongaku31desu.

7-7'

No. 1-2-13

E]

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*

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~KATAKANA}

radio

:7:/:;t !J;7'/'-

1.

Katakana is now used primarily for writing loan words (except Chinese)

v::1-

F'

and foreign names. Hs orthographical rules are the same as those mentioned on page 33, except for rule 3.

Long vowels

are expressed by

'news'

::':;1..-7-.

(nyusu)

'coffee'

::1-e.-

(koh;)

'elevator'

=v",,",,-!J-

(erebeta)

-

added when a foreign word ends in any consonant except n. 'street

7-.r~-r

(s~t~rit(~)

'Christmas'

;7~7,"'7-.

(k~ris~mas~)

(rokka)

'rocket

P7"'Yr

(roketto)

'ballet

/;: v-

(bare)

'volleyball'

/

v

/

A

-

;f

- /t..-

:/ :;1..- 7-. juice

;f - /t..---.z/

ball-point pen

fork, folk

'7 1 '/' ,.. '/

white shirt

v -tt/ r

ping-pong

3.

7' v

/~

1 :;t ~

e.' 7 /

piano

T'

/~

Asia America

31

-

::1

-

31"

1 Malaysia

7 :7 / 7-.



1 =f" ~ 7-.

England

* - 7-.r :7 ~ 7

-

department store

Africa

12 'Y /~

/

Europe

Burma

r;f. '/' 7

7 -1 1) e.' /

r 1 '/ 7-.

Indonesia Philippines



'7 "'-- T'/

Sweden

r

::. :;1.. - :/ - :7 /

Australia

7 /t..-~' / 7- /

7 vI::'

(terebi)

.J=\'-,/,::1

Mexico

7" :7 :/ /t..- Brazil

'building'

1::'/t..-

(biru)

.:f::7-.;7'7

Moscow

'7 '/' /

r /

'demonstration'

T'

(demo)

P/r/

London

:;1../

'" /

'strike' (walkout)

7-.

(suto)

/ -",,",,/t..-

Nobel

7" :7 / :/ "'- 12

'/' 3 /

Chopin

'mass communication'

'" 7,::1 ~

(masukomi)

7'-7

/

Goethe

7':7 r /

r /t..-7-. r 1

New Zealand

Argentina

'television'

r

ta pe recorder

*

1::'/t..-'"

India

typewriter

violin

/

- r

*

'3 -

Thailand r

1

7 7 ~ j]

j] T 31" Canada

Long words are often abbreviated.

-

guitar

-< v-'/'7

(basu)

7

=f"!J -

--( /

}

-- r notebook

31 1 7':7

present, gift

'bus' 'bath'

sandwich

sewing machine

!J 1

(bareb6ru)

r 1 'Y 7-

/

7 .I ~ j]

P'Yj]-

record, disc

matches

7 :/ 7

are expressed as the same sound in Japanese. 'locker'

1::'- /t..- beer

*

Some sounds which are different in a foreign language, I and r for example,

E1

taxi

"''Y7-

e.' / ;f- /

Vowels are inserted into consonant clusters and

bread

-tj-/

7'

cannot be transliterated properly.

/~ /

camera

'/'/

Because of the phonetic characters in Japanese, some foreign pronunciations

*

j].J:7

in katakana.

7-;7

2.

*

Washington Munich

Michelangelo

Plato

Tolstoy '7-7

U-1fi3R .......

No. 1-2-~5