Water Chiller System Ppt 3ot3v

WATER CHILLER SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY: ALOK KUMAR MAHAPATRA REGD NO:-1301301005

GUIDED BY: DHARMENDRA KU SAHU

CONTENTS

• CHILLER BASICS • WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CHILLER • REFRIGERATION CYCLE • CHILLER COMPONENTS • COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS & COMPARISON • LOAD TERMINAL CONTROL OPTIONS • CHILLER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION • TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY • CHILLLER PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT

CHILLER BASICS What is a Chiller? The refrigeration machine that produces chilled water is referred to as a “Chiller”. A chiller is a water-cooled air conditioning system that cools inside air, creating a more comfortable and productive environment. Basically, there are two types of chillers based upon the refrigeration cycle: 1. Vapour Compression Chiller 2. Absorption Refrigeration Chiller Based upon the condensation process of working fluid , there are two types of chiller: 3. Air-Cooled Chiller 4. Water Cooled Chiller

WORKING OF CHILLER SYSTEM 1.

Chillers circulate chilled water to air-handlers(AHU’s) in order to transfer heat from air to water.

2.

This water then returns to the evaporator side of the chiller where the heat is ed from the water to a liquid (LP) refrigerant . The refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a cold vapor (LP) and enters the compressor where it is compressed into a hot vapor (HP). Upon leaving the compressor, the vapor enters the condenser side of the chiller where heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the air/water side of the condenser where it is circulated to an ACC/open cooling tower for the final removal of heat from the refrigerant as a liquid (HP).

3. 4.

(Water Cycle) AHU

Evaporator

(Air/Water Cycle) Compressor (Refrigerant Cycle)

Condenser

C.Tower

VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE

VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE

Vapour Compression Cycle

ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

Vapour Compression Chiller

Absorption Water Chiller

Use a Compressor to move refrigerant around the system. Energy source for the compressor is an electric motor.

Use heat to drive the refrigeration cycle. Energy sorce are steam, hot water or burning of oil or natural gas

Vary by type of compressor such as reciprocating, scroll, screw, centrifugal.

Use of absorption refrigeration cycle.

Lower initial cost

Higher initial cost due to additional cost of heat transfer tubes & absorbent.

In emergency situation, continous Minimal electricaity needed for electricity required for electricity- generator during emergemcy driven chillers. situations

Not applicble Not applicble

Waste heat recovery - Wasted energy can be used to fuel an absorption chiller Application in Cogeneration system

CHILLER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

CHILLED WATER SYTEM COMPONENETS • Chiller (Evaporator) • Compressors • Chilled Water Pumps • ACC in Air Cooled Chiller • Cooling Tower in Water-cooled Chiller • Condensate water pumps in water-cooled chiller • Load Terminals (chilled water cooling coils) • Chilled and condenser-water distribution systems include

piping, expansion valve, control valve, check valves, strainers etc.

COMPRESSORS Reciprocating Compressor

Scroll Compressor

Helical Rotary (Or Screw)

Used in small chiller Available in capacity up to 100 tons (350kw) Multiple Compressor used in a single chiller for capacities up to 200 tons(700kW) Used in small water chiller less than 200 tons (700kw) 10 to 15% more efficienct than reciprocating because of 60% fewer moving parts Available in hermetic configurations in capacity up to 15 tons (53kW) for use in water chiller Multiple are used in single chiller to meet larger capacities Used in medium sized water chiller 50 to 500 tons (175 to 1750kw) More reliable & better efficiency due to fewer moving parts Used in large water chiller Available in prefabricated chiller from 100 to 3000 tons (350 to 10500kW) & up to 8500 tons (30000kW) as built-up machines High efficiency, superior reliability, reduced sound levels, relatively low

CONDENSER

Air Cooled Condensor Available from 7.5 to 500tons (25 to 1580kW)

Water Cooled Condensor Available from 10 to 3000tons (35 to 10500kW)

Packaged System - Reduced design time , Additional requirement of condensersimplified installation, higher reliability & water piping, pump, CT & associated single source responsibility. controls.

Better low-ambient operation (i.e. below frezing weather conditions)

Cooling tower require special control sequences, basin heaters or even an indoor sump for safe operatin in freezing weather

Elimination of cooling tower

Cooling tower in the system

Mainteance requirements associated with water treatment, chiller condensor-tube cleaning, tower mechanical Lower Maintenace - Eliminates concers & maintenance , freeze protection & maintenance requirements related to availability of make up water with its cooling tower quality Additional Costs of cooling tower & Reduce Operating Costs of cooling tower condensor pump

Air Cooled Condensor Refrigerant Condensing temperature is higher due to dependent on DBT Higher condensing temperature & therefore higher condensing pressure means compressor to do more work & consume more enrgy. More preferable at Part load conditions because DBT tends to drop faster than WBT in a day (from day to night). Efficency advatage lessen at part load condition Life approx. 15 to 20 yrs. (Outdoor installation)

Water Cooled Condensor Refrigerant Condensing temperature is lower due to dependent on condensor-water temperature, which is dependent on WBT. Greater Energy Efiiciency due to lower condensing temperature & pressure Less preferable to work at part load conditions Efficiency advantage much less due to additional cost of CT & pump. Longer equipment life 20 to 30 yrs. (Indoor Installation & water as condensing fluid operate at lower pressures)

AIR COOLED v/s WATER COOLED CONDENSER

AIR COOLED V/S WATER COOLED CONDENSER

Questions or Comments?

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