Values Of Biodiversity, Threats To Biodiversity 5az26

VALUES OF BIODIVERSITY MARILYN C. LAQUINDANUM

What is the value of

BIODIVERSITY ?

Values are subjective……

When I am hungry a date palm gives me food. When my belly is full, behold the tree is beautiful.. Bedouin Proverb-

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Values of Biodiversity The role of biodiversity in providing ecosystem services is twofold. Firstly, biodiversity is directly used as a source for food, fiber, fuel and other extractable resources. Secondly, biodiversity plays an important role in ecosystem processes providing the regulating, cultural and ing services.

Values of Biodiversity The ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE of biodiversity can be found by examining each ecosystem process and identifying the ecosystem services that result.

Values of Biodiversity In wetlands the vegetation captures water- carried sediment and the soil organisms break down a range of nutrients and pollutants washed into the area.(These processes provide the ecosystem service of purifying water)

Values of Biodiversity

Forest regulate the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by releasing oxygen as a by-product during photosynthesis, and control rainfall and soil erosion

Values of Biodiversity ECONOMIC VALUE The economic potential of biodiversity is immense in of food, medicinal, ethical and social values. Biodiversity forms the major resource for different industries, which govern the world economy.

Values of Biodiversity The salient features regarding the economical potential of biodiversity are given below:

1. The major fuel sources of the world including wood and fossil fuels have their origin due to biodiversity. 2. It is the source of food for all animals and humans.  

Values of Biodiversity 3. Many important chemicals have their origin from the diverse flora and fauna, used in various industries. 4. Diverse group of animals are used for medical research during the testing of new drugs. 

Values of Biodiversity INSTRUMENTAL VALUE The usefulness of a species to us in providing economic or ecological services Can be USE and Non-Use Value

Use Value - economic benefits/ potential benefits in the form of economic goods and services, ecological services, recreation and scientific

Ecotouris m, food, lumber, drugs and genetic informatio n

Non Use value No actual capital is required. Intrinsic value/ Existence value Satisfaction of knowing it exists, even though you will never see it or use it.

Values of Biodiversity Aesthetic Value appreci

ate nature for its beauty.

Bequest value People will protect natural capital so that it can be used by future generations

Values of Biodiversity Ethical and Moral Value Ethical values related to biodiversity conservation are based on the importance of protecting all forms of life.  All forms of life have the right to exist on earth. Man is only a small part of the Earth’s great family of species.

Values of Biodiversity Don’t plants and animals have an equal right to live and exist on our planet which is like an inhabited spaceship?  Morality and ethics teach us to preserve all forms of life and not to harm any organism unnecessarily.

Threats to Philippine Biodiversity

Threats to Biodiversity

INCREASING HUMAN POPULATION With the country’s annual population growth rate of 2.04%, poverty, landlessness and absence of secure tenure rights over secondary forest areas or logged-over areas have become attractive for conversion into agricultural land and settlements

Threats to Biodiversity INDISCRIMINATE LOGGING - literally changes the forest landscape.

The damage to the country’s forest areas and biodiversity therein is exemplified by a 2.1 % annual lost in forest cover during the period 2000-2005.

(which is considered the second fastest in Southeast Asia next to Myanmar and 7th fastest in the world.

Threats to Biodiversity INDISCRIMINATE MINING OPERATIONS Threaten ecological sustainability.

The threat is compounded by the fact that most of the country’s priority conservation areas sit on top of huge mineral reserves. Thus there are many areas of significant biodiversity with overlapping tenurial instruments, and with conflicting land uses and management objectives.

Threats to Biodiversity OVER- HARVESTING OF RESOURCES such as medicinal and ornamental plants and wild animals for trade and domestic use has contributed to habitat degradation and dramatic reductions in species population.

Threats to Biodiversity  INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Such as major industries, road networks, irrigation , water resources, power and energy projects affect biodiversity.

Threats to Biodiversity POLLUTION

Threats to Biodiversity

Dr ag p pict ur t e o op pllac eh iccon to oa o lde r o add or cliick k

Coral Reefs cover 1% of the world’s oceans 25% of all marine species live in coral reefs. And even more species use coral reefs as well, mostly as a nursery for larvae. Mostly commercially fished species have a connection to coral reefs

Coral Reefs can only survive in oceans with clear water and few nutrients at the ideal temperature and depth.

Coral reefs and Pollution Pollution mostly from fertilizers or sewage causes increase of nutrients More nutrients cause increase of algae growth This decreases the oxygen and turbidity The photosynthetic Zooxanthelle cannot get enough light and coral dies

Threats to Biodiversity  INVASIVE SPECIES  non-native to the ecosystem whose introduction causes economic or environmental harm or harm to human health  Implicated in the extinction of many species  Introduced by human involvement primarily  (ex., soil with a population of native insects to another country)  Also introduced by nature  (ex., flood carries microbial to another ecosystem)

Threats to Biodiversity  Invasive species often push out native species. • mice (Australia) • Introduced to Australia from Europe (stowaways on cargo ships) • Cost farmers millions of dollars in lost crops. • Lack of predators to keep the population stable.

Threats to Biodiversity • kudzu (southeastern United States) • •

Introduced from southeast Asia (ornamental house plant) Spread too quickly. “Chokes” out native species. Now classified as a problematic weed species.

The most major threats to biodiversity: Human Disregard and Carelessness Population Growth: Estimated based on expected human population growth forecast a 7% increase in number of threatened species by 2020, and a 14% increase by 2050!

So, what can we do??? • Conservation methods can help protect and restore ecosystems.

Thank You!