Trichuris Trichiura 1b285q

NEMATODA INTESTINAL

Trichuris trichiura ( Whipworm)

= cacing cambuk

-Disease: Trichuriasis trichiura -DH : Humans - Epidemiology Whipworm is a soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and is the third most common roundworm of humans Often occurs in areas where human feces is used as fertilizer or where defecation onto soil happens.

fecal-oral transmission or through feces-contaminated food.

Geographic Distribution

Worldwide, infection occurs more frequently in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices, and among children. In 2002, the estimated number of persons infected with whipworm was 1 billion. Trichuriasis also occurs in the southern United States.

Morphology: Adult: the worm looks like a buggy whip, the anterior 3/5 is slender and the posterior 2/5 is thick. It is pinkish gray in color. The female worm is 3-5 cm in length and has a long slender esophageal region. The male is smaller than the female and has a curved tail. The reproductive organs of male and female are all double tubule.

Egg: it is barrel or spindle in shape and 50 x 20µm in size. It is brownish and has a translucent polar plug at either ends. The content of the egg is an undeveloped cell

Adults of T. trichiura

Eggs of

T. trichiura

The unembryonated eggs are ed with the stool . In the soil, the eggs develop into a 2-cell stage , an advanced cleavage stage , and then they embryonate ; eggs become infective in 15 to 30 days. After ingestion (soil-contaminated hands or food), the eggs hatch in the small intestine and quickly burrow into the cells of intestinal viili, undergoing two molts in about 3 to 10 days, mature, migrate to the caecum region and develop to sexual maturity. The adult worms (approximately 4 cm in length) live in the cecum and ascending colon. The adult worms are fixed in that location, with the anterior portions threaded into the mucosa. The females begin to oviposit 60 to 70 days after infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between 3,000 and 20,000 eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about 1 year.

Pathogenesis: 1. Light infection: Asymptomatic 2. Middle infection: Clinical manifestations are usually abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation . 3. Heavy infection: Bloody diarrhea, emaciation, prolapse rectum may occur.

Diagnosis: Discover the eggs in feces by saturated brine flotation method or direct fecal smear.

Treatment and prevention: -Same as those of Ascariasis

-Mebendazole 3 days for a treatment course and repeat next week