The Rules Of Hamza 2j375c

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Rules of Tajweed The Rules of Hamza: ‫اﻟﻬﻤﺰﺗﺎن‬ Hamza is of two types, both of which are found in the Qur’an. 1. Hamza al Qat’i ‫ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬- Also known as hamza al asl. Sign:

‫ء‬

The hamza may appear anywhere in the word. The hamza would be pronounced with the harakah on top of it irrespective of what it is sitting on. e.g.

‫ أَﻧْﻌَﻤْﺖ‬،ِ‫ اﻷَﺳْﻤَﺎء‬، ِ‫ اﻟﺴﱠﻴﱢﺊ‬،‫ اﳌَﻼَﺋِﻜَﺔ‬،ُ‫ﻳُﺆَاﺧِﺬ‬

2. Hamza al Wasl ‫ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬- Sign:

‫ٱ‬

The hamza al wasl is an extra hamza at the beginning of a word, which is pronounced when starting with the word, and dropped when continuing [i.e., ing the previous word with the word that has hamza al wasl]. e.g. When Starting ‫اَﳊَْﻤْﺪُ اﷲ‬ When Continuing

‫ﻗُﻞِ ٱ ﳊَْﻤْﺪُ ﷲ‬

How to Read Hamza al Wasl - Hamza al wasl can be found in verbs, nouns, and prepositions [letter]. 1. In Verbs - Apply the third letter rule: If harakah on the 3rd letter is fat’hah or kasrah, then hamza al wasl is read with a kasrah. Examples: ‫اِﺻْﺒِﺮ‬

، ‫ اِﻛْﺸِﻒ‬، ‫ اِرﺗَﻀَﻰ‬، ‫اِﺳْﺘَﺠِﻴْﺒُﻮا‬

If harakah on the 3rd letter is dammah, then hamza al wasl is read with a dammah. Examples: ‫اُﻧْﻈُﺮ‬

، ‫اُﺳْﺘُﺤْﻔِﻈُﻮا‬

، َ‫اُﺑْﺘُﻠِﻰ‬

5 Exceptions: The third letter of the verb has a dammah [a presented dammah], but the hamza al wasl of these 5 words is read with a kasrah and not a dammah. e.g.

‫ اِﻗﻀُﻮا‬، ‫ اِﺑﻨُﻮا‬، ‫ اِﻣﺸُﻮا‬، ‫ اِﺋﺘُﻮا‬، ‫اِﻣﻀُﻮا‬

2. In Nouns - Hamza al wasl is always pronounced with a kasrah

a. ‫ اﺳﻤﺎء ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬Verbal noun (masdar) derived from a 5 or 6 letter verb. e.g. ً‫ اِﻓْﺘِﺮَاء‬، ‫ اِﺑْﺘِﻐَﺎء‬، ‫ اِﻧْﺘِﻘَﺎم‬، ‫ اِﺳْﺘِﻜْﺒَﺎرًا‬، ‫اِﺳْﺘِﻐْﻔَﺎر‬ b. ‫ اﺳﻤﺎء ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬Empirical Nouns - 7 words used in the Qur’an e.g. ‫ اِﺳﻢ‬، ٌ‫ اِﻣْﺮُؤ‬، ‫ اِﻣْﺮَأَة‬، ‫ اِﺛْﻨَﺘَﺎن‬، َ‫ اِﺑْﻨَﺔ‬، ‫ اِﺛْﻨَﺎن‬، ‫اِﺑْﻦ‬

3. In Letter [preposition] - If hamza al wasl is followed by a laam [of preposition], then the hamza al wasl will always be read with a Fathah. e.g. : ‫ اَﻟﻬﺪى‬،‫ اَﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬،‫ اَﻷَرض‬، ‫ اَﻟﺴﻼم‬،‫ اَﻟﻀﺤﻰ‬،‫اَﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬

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‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎء اﻟﻬﻤﺰﺗﲔ‬ The meeting of two hamza in one word. There are three instances of when this can occur. 1. When ‫ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬comes before ‫ﻫﻤﺰه اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬

‫ ٱ‬e.g. َ‫ٱ ؤﲤُِﻦ‬

‫أ‬

a. When starting the word, the hamza al wasl is read with the appropriate vowel, depending on the vowel of the third letter of the verb. Then, the hamza al qat’i that immediately follows is changed in to a madd letter of the same category as the vowel used on the hamza al wasl. e.g. َ‫اُوﲤُِﻦ‬

ūtumina

َ‫ٱ ؤﲤُِﻦ‬

‫ٱ ﺋﺬَن اِﻳﺬَن‬

īdhan

b. When ing the word preceding the word starting with hamza al wasl, the hamza al wasl will be dropped in pronunciation, while the hamza al qat’i saakinah stays fixed, and is pronounced. e.g. َ‫اﻟﱠﺬِى ٱ ؤﲤُِﻦ‬

alladhi’ tumina

2. When

‫ٱ‬

‫أ‬

‫ﻳَﻘُﻮلُ ٱ ﺋﺬَن‬

yaqūlu’ dhan

‫ ﻫﻤﺰه اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬comes before ‫ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬

a. In verbs: Hamza al wasl is dropped in writing and pronunciation, while the hamza al qat’i of questioning remains. e.g.

ُ‫ ٱ ﺗﱠﺨَﺬْﰎ‬+ ‫أ‬ Verb

Hamza Istifhaam

ُ‫أَ ٱ ﺗﱠﺨَﺬْﰎ‬

ُ‫أَﺗﱠﺨَﺬْﰎ‬

How is the word pronounced? Exactly as it is written. b. In nouns: When the questioning hamza al qat’i is present before a noun starting with ‫ ال‬, the hamza al wasl undergoes a change. e.g. َ‫ اﻵن‬+ َ‫ أ‬could be pronounced in 2 ways: a.

َ‫ أَ آﻵن‬- Madd al Faraq (six counts)

b. َ‫ أَ اَﻵن‬- Tas’heel (no madd) - the hamza al wasl is pronounced but “eased” so that it is between a hamza and an alif, with absolutely no madd.

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3. When ‫ ﻫﻤﺰه اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬comes before ‫ﻫﻤﺰه اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ Both hamza must be read clearly with tahqeeq, meaning the hamza al qat’i is pronounced from its place of articulation [makhraj]. e.g. َ‫ءَ اُﻧْﺰِل‬ Exception in the Qur’an [Surah Fussilat: 44]: The first hamza in this word is pronounced with ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬, meaning it is pronounced from its articulation point,

‫ اﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﻠﻖ‬.

The second hamza in this word is read with ‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬. a. ‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬: The pronunciation of the hamza is ‘eased’ so that it is between a hamza and an alif. Therefore, the sounding of the second hamza will not resemble the first hamza nor will it sound like an alif. Rather, it should be pronounced in between the two. Note: In the entire Qur’an, the hamza is read with al qat’i is read with

‫ﻘﻴﻖ‬vv‫ﲢ‬. The above word is the only example in which the hamza

‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬.

When Tanween is followed by a Harf Saakinah When tanween is followed by a harf saakinah, a nūn with a kasrah is pronounced to connect the two words. This is because in Arabic there is a rule that forbids the meeting of two saakin letters between two words, thus the nūn in the sounding of the tanween will acquire a kasrah. Tanween

e.g.1. ُ‫ٱ ﺑﻨَﻪ‬

Dammatain becomes Dammah ‫ِن‬ nūhu nib nahū

ٌ‫ﻧُﻮﺣُﻦ ٱ ﺑﻨَﻪُ = ﻧُﻮح‬

Harf Saakinah

ُ‫ﻧُﻮحُ ٱ ﺑﻨَﻪ‬

2 Sakin letters, therefore the nun of tanween will acquire a kasrah

The nun with kasrah is pronounced but not written

Note: There is a hamza al wasl at the beginning of the second word. When ing the two words, the hamza al wasl will be dropped in pronunciation. Tanween

Fat’hatain becomes Fat’hah ِ‫ن‬ fakhūra nilladhīna

e.g.2. َ‫ﻓَﺨُﻮرًا ٱ ﻟﱠﺬِﻳﻦ‬ When a letter has tashdeed, it denotes that there are 2 of the same letter

‫ لَ = لﱠ‬+ ‫ل‬

َ‫ﻓَﺨُﻮرَا ٱ ﻟﱠﺬِﻳﻦ‬

The nun with kasrah is pronounced but not written

First harf is sakin

Note: This rule is only applied when you are ing the two words.

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‫‪Date:‬‬

‫?‪How would you pronounce the following words‬‬

‫ﻳَﻮْﻣَﺌِﺬٍ اﳊَْﻖﱡ‬ ‫وَأَﻣْﻮَالٌ اﻗْﺘَﺮَﻓْﺘُﻤُﻮﻫَﺎ‬

‫‪a.‬‬

‫‪b.‬‬

‫ﻗَﺮْﻳَﺔٍ اﺳْﺘَﻄْﻌَﻤَﺎ‬

‫‪c.‬‬

‫ﳌَُﺰَةٍ اﻟﱠﺬِى‬

‫‪d.‬‬

‫ﺧَﻴْﺮًا اﻟْﻮَﺻِﻴﱠﺔُ‬

‫‪e.‬‬

‫أاﷲ‬

‫‪f.‬‬

‫ﻗَﺎلَ اﺋْﺘُﻮﻧِﻲ ﺑِﺄَخٍ ‪g.‬‬ ‫اﺋْﺘُﻮﻧِﻲ ‪h.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻘَﻠَﺒُﻮاْ ‪i.‬‬ ‫اﺳْﺘَﺨْﺮَﺟَﻬَﺎ ‪j.‬‬ ‫اﺳْﺘَﻴْﺄَﺳُﻮاْ ‪k.‬‬ ‫اﻷَرْضَ ‪l.‬‬ ‫اﻷَﺣَﺎدِﻳﺚِ ‪m.‬‬ ‫اﺗﱠﺒَﻌَﻨِﻲ ‪n.‬‬ ‫اﺗﱠﻘَﻮاْ ‪o.‬‬