Skin Rashes And Eczema 1c4m9
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Rashes – Eczema – Dermatitis I thought I would write this article for those who are afflicted with rashes and dermatitis for discussion and sharing. I have been prone to intermittently breaking out in rashes for some years now. To date, I have done a huge lot of both research and contemplation over these matters, and here is the material that I have un-earthed.
What is a Rash? A rash is an inflammation of the skin, leading to itchy, red, sore skin. Rashes can be caused by:
Sweat / heat Irritant dermatitis Allergic dermatitis/eczema Food allergies (hives, urticaria) Systemic illness, e.g. rheumatic fever, Lyme disease Infections Insect bites / scrapes / cuts / cat scratches
The Skin The skin is an organ which –
Provides a physical protective barrier between the “outside” and the inner form
Helps to regulate body temperature (sweat cools the skin as it evaporates)
Eliminates toxins (mineral salts and waste acids, i.e. urea) through pores in the skin
Is three tiered, made up of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer, with keratin, a hard impermeable protein forming the outer or top layer.
Has one of the body’s primary defence systems via S.A.L.T - the skin associated lymphoid tissue, composed of migrating or visitng leukocytes (white blood cells, including T cells), keratinocytes, Langerhans cells and lymphatic endothelial cells of the skin. The epidermis contains all of the components needed for an effective immune response, i.e. antigen-presenting Langerhans cells, T cells (specialised white blood cells of two types T1 and T2), and chemical cytokines extruded from leukocytes and keratinocytes.
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Inflammation The body's primary response to injury or infection is called inflammation. The purpose of inflammation is to provide an environment around the injured or infected region that maximises repair and anti infection processes. It does this by flooding the area with the materials and enzymes needed so that repair work can be done most effectively and infection fought. The damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals which increase the blood flow to the area. This results in the redness and heat, and if fluid enters the skin tissue (skin cells) from leaky capillaries, oedema results or swelling, with associated soreness. It is when a person has an exagerrated response or an allergic response, that results in extreme inflammation, where the inflammation becomes worse than the actual effect or the suspected effect of the product or substance that triggered the response. Binding sites for several pro-inflammatory chemokines are found on the endothelial cells (ECs) of the micro-vascular lymphatic system in human dermis. Endothelial refers to a lining or covering, and vascular means capable of transportation. The lymphatic system is a network of conduits and lymphoid tissues that carry a clear fluid called lymph. Lymph is excess fluid that is drained from the spaces between the cells into the lymph vessels, which is returned to the cells with nutrients when required . The lymph is filtered in the lymph nodes, with bacteria, debris and pathogens (harmful micro-organisms) being trapped and destroyed by the lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte).
What is an Allergy? An allergy or an allergic reaction is an inappropriate, over-blown or excessive response mounted by the body's immune system against a harmless substance. You develop allergies for two reasons: First, you are genetically predisposed to be allergic; second, factors in your environment, especially when you are young, make you more susceptible. Most allergies are caused by some combination of genetics and environment. Allergies can involve air-borne substances, chemicals, food, animal fur, clothes, metals, and other substances or compounds, including even sun-light in some rare cases. The symptoms of food allergies can be hives or urticaria, i.e. itchy raised inflamed lumps, as well as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. For a description of types of allergies, please see the web-page below. http://www.healthline.com/sw/hr-sr-what-to-do-about-allergies/4
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Allergies, Irritants and Intolerances People often confuse reactions to irritants in the environment — like a runny nose from cold air, smoke, or perfumes — with a true allergic reaction such as hay fever, which is an immune system response to an allergen such as ragweed. Some people develop an itchy or sore red rash after with certain chemicals such as a harsh laundry detergent, or after a small amount of cat fur lands on their skin, but if the immune system isn't involved, it is an irritation, not an allergy. An inflammation does not always involve an allergic response of the immune system. If this is the case, the inflammation is short-lived, i.e. disappears within a very short time of the initial irritant. It is best to know what irritates your skin and to avoid irritants. Likewise, someone who suffers from bloating and diarrhea after drinking milk or eating dairy products may have an intolerance, not an allergy, to lactose, a natural sugar found in cow's milk, because they lack the enzymes needed to digest. However, this picture can get murky because some people are, in fact, allergic to one or more of the proteins in milk. This illustrates how tricky it can be to determine a diagnosis and design a treatment. Auto-immune Disorders / Diseases Autoimmune disorders are where the body's immune system reacts against some of its own tissue and produces antibodies to attack itself. The skin and mucous membranes house macrophages (white cells of the tissues) and antibodies. The macrophages job is to digest the antigens while the antibodies trap the antigens that got away. If the antigens break through these barriers, the body reacts by producing lymphocytes (B and T cells) programmed to attack and kill the antigen. In general , when antibodies are directed against the body's own cells, or when B and T cells attack and destroy their own body's cells and not foreign antigens, an autoimmune disorder can result. Examples are diabetes, some cases of hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Do not confuse a sweat rash with autoimmune disorder.
Heat rash / Sweat rash A heat rash is a skin condition that often occurs in the summer months. Summer weather is hot and often humid in many parts of the world and these are the prime conditions for the development of this type of skin rash or skin irritation. It can also develop in cooler weather when individuals get too hot because they are overdressed or wearing tight fitting clothing. This type of rash is known by other names as well, such as prickly heat, miliaria, sun rash, or sweat rash.
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A miliaria rash occurs when excessive sweating occurs, skin pores subsequently get clogged, and the skin over heats internally. It is characterized by the appearance of a cluster of red pimples with red skin surrounding them. Small blisters may also be present. The rash is often very itchy, prickly or may sting and burn quite significantly. The areas of the skin most often affected include the upper chest and neck, back, groin, under the breasts, and in skin creases or skin fold areas such as elbow and knee regions. Children, especially younger children, are usually affected more often than adults although an adult miliaria rash does occur in many people. Prickly rash treatments are generally quite basic and include keeping the skin clean of sweat and cooling the skin and body. Cool showers and light loose fitting clothing will help. In addition, staying out of the sun would also be a good idea. Seeking an airconditioned environment is beneficial. In many cases, the prickly rash will disappear on its own in a short amount of time, if the basic advice given above is followed. Calamine lotion can soothe the itch, but avoid any oil-based products because these may lead to additional skin pore clogging and prevent the heat rash healing process from occurring. In more severe prickly heat or miliaria cases, infection or heat exhaustion is possible. For these cases, medical attention is required in order to treat the infection or to prevent death from the heat exhaustion condition. [ Source of information: http://www.healthy-skincare.com/heat-rash.html ]
The Immune System The body’s natural antibodies identify an intruder particle, called an antigen, which may be a chemical, cat dander, or something entering the body through broken skin, to help get rid of the antigen. B cells and T cells circulate within the blood-stream, including the blood vessels that feed the skin. B cells and T cells secrete chemicals or compounds into the body’s fluids. Antibodies are proteins, called immunoglobulins, that can recognize (match) specific antigens. Antibodies match an antigen much as a key matches a lock, then coat or opsonise the angtigen, and then neutralises the antigen and signals other cells to migrate to the area and destroy the antigen. There are four types of immunoglobulins, including IgE or Immunoglobulin E. The Helper T cells or TH cells coordinate immune responses by communicating with other cells. Some stimulate nearby B cells to produce antibody, others call in microbegobbling cells called phagocytes, still others activate other T cells. Cytotoxic or Natural Killer T cells directly attack other cells carrying certain foreign or abnormal molecules on their surfaces. TH1 cells stimulate production of coating antibodies. Langerhans cells are thought to add a marker molecule to an antigen so that the antigen is recognised as “non-self” by the first line of defence in the skin’s immune system. Cytokines are messenger molecules secreted by the B and T cells. They are the chief communication signals of the T cells. Cytokines include chemokines. -4-
Mast cells are found resident in tissues throughout the body, particularly in association with structures such as blood vessels and nerves, and in proximity to the skin and other surfaces that interface with the external environment. Mast cells are bone marrow-derived and particularly depend upon stem cell factor for their survival. Mast cells appear to be highly engineered cells with multiple critical biological functions. After activation by the T cells, mast cells may immediately extrude granuleassociated mediators and generate lipid-derived substances that induce immediate allergic inflammation. Biological functions of mast cells appear to include a role in innate immunity, involvement in host defense mechanisms against parasitic infestations, immunomodulation of the immune system, and tissue repair and angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels). Histamines are messenger or mediator proteins released by mast cells and keratinocytes. They increase permeability of blood vessels in the area, thus causing increased blood flow to the site, with associated swelling and soreness Mast cell activation may also be followed by the production of more cytokines and chemokines, which are already being produced by the B cells and T cells. Cytokine and chemokine secretion activated by the mast cells may occur hours after the initial cause of the allergic response, and may contribute to chronic inflammation. Cytokines and chemokines control immune and inflammatory responses, through complex processes. In some cases, an imbalance of cytokines that dampen inflammation and of cytokines that promote inflammation, may result in a high level of inflammation, especially in combination with the release of histamine. The action of cytokines and chemokines and histamine may become severe enough to look like the skin is burned, and in fact the upper layer of the skin (stratum corneum) IS indeed burnt in some instances, and then sloughs off. This is when the subject (person with the rash) sees her skin literally peeling away (because it has been burnt by the heat of the warm blood being channeled to the site of the rash). In atopic dermatitis sufferers (and other allergy sufferers, e.g. hay-fever, food allergies and dermatitis), there may be an imbalance of the T H cells, with too many TH2 cells, which not only “recruit” (or communicate with) mast cells and B cells, and produce cytokines to act against an “innocent” substance (which the immune system mistakenly treats as a threat), but stimulates production of the neutralising Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. This antibody surrounds the allergen and triggers an allergic response, primarily or initially via activation of the mast cells by the antibody. The mast cells are stimulated to produce their own cytokines, which in turn lead to the production of more IgE which continues or cascades the cycle.
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Dermatitis (externally induced) and Eczema (genetically induced) Dermatitis (also called dermatitis skin rash) is an inflammation of the skin, causing redness and itching. It is a common condition which is, by itself, not life-threatening, but it can make a person feel uncomfortable, painful and self-conscious. A combination of self-care steps and medications can help treat dermatitis. Dermatitis may be acute or chronic. Acute refers to sudden short-term episodes, while chronic refers to a long term condition. The acute condition is usually characterised by erythema, tiny vesicles that may rupture and by pruritus (itching). Dermatitis and Eczema both involve inflammations and swelling of the skin. They may be induced by internal (genetic) and external (environmental) factors acting on their own or in combination. Atopy refers to the tendency to asthma, eczema and hay fever. Atopy is largely inherited (genetic). It is characterised by an overactive immune response to environmental factors. The same factors have no effect on the skin of a non-atopic person. Eczema is a chronic condition, and is also referred to as Atopic Dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis refers to a genetic origin of recurring inflammation of the epidermis of the skin. Eczema is considered an endogenous condition of genetic origin, while dermatitis is exogenous, i.e. due to environmental origin such as with an irritant. The eczema and dermatitis are used synonymously while some dermatologists refer to dermatitis as inflammation of the skin of any origin. Eczema is generally claimed to occur due to a high level of antibodies, usually immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the bloodstream, which renders the individual sensitive or hypersensitive to a wide range of 'trigger' factors, called antigens, in the diet or environment. The prime symptom is itching which may be very severe, accompanied by redness, papules, vesicles, scaling, weeping exudation of sebum and when this dries, crusting. However, there is no known single cause for eczema, and it probably is due to more than one condition. Eczema / atopic dermatitis has a characteristic clinical appearance that usually appears in infancy or early childhood. Recently, there is emerging evidence that inflammation in atopic dermatitis results primarily from inherited abnormalities in the skin – the skin “barrier defect”. An inherited abnormality in filaggrin expression is now considered a primary cause of disordered barrier function. Filaggrin is a filament-associated protein which binds to keratin fibres in the epidermal cells. This barrier failure causes increased permeability of the skin and reduces its antimicrobial function.
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The loss of skin barrier function means that:
Water is lost Irritants may penetrate (soap, detergent, solvents, dirt etc.) Allergens may penetrate it (pollens, dust-mite antigens, microbes) The specialised immune cells of the epidermis (Langerhans cells) in atopic dermatitis have an increased response to these antigens and interact with dermal T cells to produce a TH2 response, releasing inflammatory cytokines.
The inflammation induced by this TH2 response exacerbates the barrier defect.
Ceramide (a fatty acid) is reduced Filaggrin is reduced Antimicrobial peptides are reduced Bacteria colonise and infect the skin Infections are more difficult to control
Both genetic make-up of the individual and ‘external’ environmental factors contribute to the likelihood of developing eczema, its severity and its response to treatment. Dry skin is a sign of the loss of barrier function. The immune system develops in the first six months of life. This skin barrier abnormality or disorder and / or the immune system over-reacting with an excessive production of TH2 cells and IgE, causes dermatitis.
Besides Eczema / Atopic Dermatitis, there are other types of dermatitis:
dermatitis - caused by a substance or chemical Light dermatitis - caused by the sun Diaper / Nappy rash (babies) Dermatitis herpetiformis - blistering skin rash of elbows, knees, and buttocks. Exfoliative dermatitis – the skin falls or flakes off Perioral dermatitis - affecting the face and oral region Seborrheic dermatitis - scaling affecting the face and scalp causing cradle cap and dandruff.
While Atopic Dermatitis is often characterised by an allergic reaction, dermatitis may or may not involve an allergic response. The difference between whether it is allergy caused or not will be in the manifestation of the symptoms. That is, where there is a general inflammation of the skin due to an irritant, and not due to an allergy, called irritant dermatitis, the inflammation will appear immediately after exposure to the irritant, and will not last for long. However, an allergic dermatitis will produce a more lasting inflammation with associated itchiness and soreness, and the symptoms may arise several hours after with the irritant. -7-
Irritant dermatitis is caused by a particular amount, or excessive with an irritant. Irritant dermatitis occurs when chemicals or physical agents damage the surface of the skin faster than the skin is able to repair the damage. The dermatitis or eczema is often well demarcated with a glazed surface but there may be redness, itching, swelling, blistering and scaling of the damaged area. This may be indistinguishable from other types of dermatitis. Irritants damage the skin by removing oils and moisture from its outer layer, allowing the irritants to penetrate more deeply and cause further damage by triggering inflammation. Allergic dermatitis may look similar to irritant dermatitis, but it is caused by an immune response following skin with an allergen. Tiny quantities may be sufficient to cause allergy, whereas a certain minimum exposure is necessary for irritant dermatitis. Irritant and allergic dermatitis may coexist. Irritant dermatitis (ICD) is inflammation of the skin typically manifested by erythema, mild edema, and scaling. Irritant dermatitis is a nonspecific response of the skin to direct chemical damage that releases mediators of inflammation predominately from epidermal cells. Irritant dermatitis is the clinical result of sufficient inflammation arising from the release of proinflammatory cytokines from skin cells (principally keratinocytes), usually in response to chemical stimuli. The 3 main pathophysiological changes are skin barrier disruption, epidermal cellular changes, and cytokine release. Skin irritation predisposes the skin to develop sensitization to topical agents. Skin irritation by both nonallergenic and allergenic compounds induces Langerhans cell migration and maturation. Insect bites, scrapes and cat scratches introduce substances such as chemicals, dirt, toxins, and bacteria into the layers of the skin, which can cause ICD.
Treatment and my Experiences I have come to the informed conclusion that I have been afflicted by Irritant Dermatitis and Allergic Dermatitis. Although I have been to several different traditional doctors (General Practitioners) and to three Naturopaths and even to a Dermatologist (skin specialist), I have largely had to research and find information for myself on the physiology behind rashes or dermatitis. When I asked the GP what is behind the rashes that I got, she responded that I simply have a tendency to get rashes, like some people had a tendency toward hay-fever, so I assume she was talking about a genetic component. The Dermatologist saw me when I no longer had a rash, because, generally speaking, it take four weeks or so to book in to see a specialist and by that time, the condition one has has usually disappeared. All he said is that I have very, very dry skin, and to have only 3 minute luke-warm showers. I tried to ask him what types of dermatitis there are, whereupon he actually got angry and simply dismissed my question; no doubt thinking himself to be the expert and me to have no right to be pretending to be the expert somehow, ha.
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The first naturopath I saw in Australia about 20 years ago acted in-appropriately toward me and the next one, a few years back, performed a SCIO evaluation upon me, at my request. The SCIO method supposedly picks up what substances one is allergic to, without the discomfort of a patch test (minute amounts of different allergens placed on the skin) or a RAST test (measures IgE levels). The SCIO technique is an electromagnetic scan which somehow calculates the biological reactivity and resonance in the body with allergens, etc. I was given a little bottle of “medicine” to take, to help return my body to energetic equilibrium, but I really don’t know if it helped or not, because at that stage, once again, my rash was nearly over. However, the SCIO Naturopath told me I was allergic to rye, xanthan and amaranth gum, and to my surprise, to cat dander (fur and/or saliva). Sometimes when our cat’s soft fur lands on my skin, it immediately causes itching and a red area to flare up, but it doesn’t last for long. Perhaps I am not so sensitized to cat’s fur, having lived with lots of cats when I was a child as well as an adult, sort of along the lines of the theory that children build up a healthy immune system by being exposed to some germs as they are growing. My skin or immune system may have become more tolerant of cat dander. Regarding my food allergies, xanthan gum is added as a powder to dry bread ingredients and acts as a thickener for many commercial food products such as dressings, gravies and sauces. Amaranth gum or starch is a type of grain which is used in baked goods. Rye is a cereal used in breads, beer, etc. The SCIO practitioner said it was likely that cat dander had reacted with some insect bites on my legs, causing the rash I that I was seeing her about. For more information on the SCIO methodology, click on the link below. http://www.quantumtrainingaustralia.com/faq.htm On 10th January 2009 I had a free half hour appointment with a Naturopath at a Good Life Health store. Although I think that he did not know a lot about the physiological functioning of allergies and dermatitis, he suggested that my rashes were due to a combination of things and that I should treat my skin, i.e. add moisture to my skin by taking Flax-seed Oil capsules. The Naturopath also pointed out that the digestive system is very important in the immune response, i.e. the colon or large intestine, and recommended that I take probiotics or “good” bacteria, to facilitate the functioning of my colon. As well, he prescribed a homeopathic medicine for me, see list below. I asked him wouldn’t my cat, whom has been with me for nine years now, be upsetting my skin all the year around if I was allergic to cat dander. He replied, not necessarily, that to have an allergic or irritant response, it may require a combination of cat dander with sweating or something else. So, the plot or the equation thickens really.
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For me personally, the equation seems to be –
( Insect bites or Scrapes or Sweat or Some Chemicals or Some Plants or Some Clothes ) And / Or Cat dander = Irritant and / or Allergic Dermatitis
GPs say that rashes / dermatitis are generally treated by applying hydrocortisone cream, also called a corticosteroid cream (or a stronger topical steroid) and by taking anti-histamine tablets, such as Telfast, and also simply waiting for the body to heal itself over time. The anti-histamine reduces the inflammation and thus lessens the itchiness and soreness, but does not cure the rash. The hydrocortisone cream (a topical corticosteroid, or adrenocortical steroid, topical meaning applied to the skin) is supposed to heal the rash over time. It reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, redness, and swelling. However, these steroids can have quite potent effects, and must be used sparingly. If you have not used them before, be very careful to start with, or better still, try natural means instead. Corticosteroid cream is particularly for rashes caused by abundant chemokine release, rather than when histamine is involved. Anti-histamine tablets will not work when it is the chemokines that are causing the inflammation. Steroid creams are only available via prescription, and come in different classes of strength, such as mild, moderate, potent, and very potent. The strengths start with 0.5 to 2.5% hydrocortisone, such as Derm Aid. Side effects can include interruption of the functioning of the adrenal glands, which naturally produce cortisol, which is a hormone that helps to maintain blood pressure, immune function and the body's antiinflammatory processes. A few years back, I was prescribed oral steroids to treat a severe rash on my left leg (that looked like orange peel and gave off a heat when you held your hand high above my leg) by a Locum services doctor (operates out of hours). These strong steroids did cure the rash, but also gave me some side-effects. A very curious side-effect was that my hair or scalp became really oily, but, luckily, this condition was only temporary!
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The trick for treatment is:
Don’ts use soap, which strips natural oils from the skin. Use a soap replacement for sensitive, dry skin, or natural soaps especially for dermatitis sufferers. Use a body moisturiser liberally all year around Avoid allergens Avoid sweating too much and wash away excessive sweat Apply a good anti-itch and anti-inflammatory and antiseptic cream immediately to insect bites, e.g. Paraderm Reduce the inflammation as soon as possible Drink plenty of water, have a good diet Look after your digestive system – probiotics and eating alkaline forming foods Wear loose fitting “breathable” clothing Use a barrier cream on hands and all over before exposure to dust, grime and chemicals Take a homeopathic medicine or aspirin for reducing the pain
I have come up with a list of treatments, of which I have personally tried.
QV wash – good alternative to soap
Cetaphil wash – shower & bath – preferred over QV
DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal bath and shower oil – my favourite
DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal body moisturiser – my favourite moisturiser See : http://www.dermatech.com.au/ Australian product, marketed overseas
QV moisturiser
Pinetarsol i.e. pine tar – reduces inflammation but I find colloidal oatmeal better for me
Essential oil of Lavender – can’t tell if this helped me or not
Apple cider vinegar - this did soothe the soreness or inflammation
Colloidal silver – 16 to 20 ppm applied topically and also drunk – hard to tell if it helped
Eczema Medi-honey cream – has helped in the long term
Calendula ointment – helps when scarring has appeared
Chickweed cream – gave me a bad reaction !! - 11 -
Emu Oil cream (with Vitamin E, from farm-bred emus) – a nice cold cream which helps moisturise, but it contains parabens
“Anti-inflam relief” homeopathic medicine - 20 ml oral liquid taken twice a day (15 drops each dose) to reduce inflammation - contains sulfur, clematis, belladonna, gun powder and other weird things – seems to be helping (but taken at a late stage)
Probiotic 8 – consisting of 8 species or 5 billion bacteria – one capsule a day – I think that this is definitely helping my digestive system
Flax-seed Oil – for the skin - Microgenics brand, 1000 mg per capsule – two capsules a day – definitely helping me as I feel “better” after taking these !!
Bee Pollen – a complete nutrient for good health – definitely helping me – I have been taking these for a while now – 500 mg per capsule x 2 daily
Goats milk and Oatmeal Soap or Goats milk and Honey Soap
Notes on the above I only recently began drinking Colloidal Silver at 15 ml each day over the first 4 days, then at 10 ml per day. Some say to apply 40ppm colloidal silver to the rash, but I used what I was drinking in a little bottle to squirt onto the rashes. The concentration is 16 to 20 ppm. The Naturopath said that he thinks it doesn’t really matter too much what concentration of C.S. that one applies topically (i.e. to the skin). Using colloidal oatmeal was recently suggested to me, and I have found it has been a tremendous help to me in reducing itching and in healing. I recommend using DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal in the bath and shower, and as a body moisturiser, which you can use all over, including on the face. For more information about c.o. please click on the links below. Of course, all treatments are unique to an individual, and each person needs to try out and find what works best for them. http://www.colloidaloatmeal.com/index.htm http://www.dermatech.com.au/pages/default.asp?pid=72 The Medihoney formulation contains antibacterial honey, aloe vera, german chamomile, natural vitamin E, coconut oil, beeswax and evening primrose oil. MEDIHONEY® is the first topical honey product in the world to achieve Therapeutic Goods istration (TGA) listing. A 75g tube was bought from my local chemist for $13.90 AUD. http://www.medihoney.com/News6.htm
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Goldenseal Powder for insect bites, and Aloe Vera sap and the Sausage tree ointment have also been suggested to me to try, but to date, I have not yet tried them out, although I certainly would like to try them !! Thank you to all those who have made suggestions. A word about probiotics or “good living organisms”. About 80% of your immune system lives in your gastrointestinal tract. It is the first line of defense. Our body flushes most of the toxins and wastes through our colon. But when a colon becomes clogged and dirty, those toxins just lay dormant inside of our bodies. This greatly taxes the major organs, including the skin, causing them to have work that much harder to fend off sickness. The end results are a decreased immune system response because the body is already working that much harder to flush out the toxins. Sugars and carbohydrates tax the immune system as they are acidic and should be avoided. Yoghurt and milk containing Probiotic organisms should be avoided because the milk can disrupt the mucous membranes of the body. Colon cleansing is a short term treatment to clear out the colon, but you must be very careful in choosing what is the right method for you. Probiotics should be taken after colon cleansing and taking antibiotics, to restore the good bacteria. Antibiotics can disturb the digestive system, and result in diarrhoea. Be careful also when choosing a Probiotic. My Naturopath recommended cytobifidus for me, which is in the Probiotic 8 capsules that I bought. http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/b/weil-healthy-living/2028/protect-health-with-probiotics/ If you are allergic to bee-stings, then don’t try Bee Pollen, which is not just flower pollen, but is the pollen which has been taken by bees and has had bee substances added to it. http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/bee.htm http://www.answers.com/topic/bee-pollen Flax-seed Oil contains two Essential Fatty Acids, 56% Omega 3 and 16% Omega 6. One of the properties of Flax oil seems to be a strengthening of the immune system, so that it works as it should. Not only does flax-seed oil contain important essential fats, omega-3s and omega-6s, but it is also rich in lignans, which have antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties, and may play a vital role in the prevention of breast, prostate, uterine and colon cancers. EFAs are also good for the brain, and I found that taking flax-seed oil capsules made me more alert !! http://ezinearticles.com/?Flax-Seed-Oil-Benefits-For-The-Skin&id=431258 http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/flaxoil.htm
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All-natural / Organic formulations are best !! Be careful when using off-the shelf or supermarket treatments and when trying out C.A.M or Complementary Alternative Medications as what works for one person may not necessarily work for another. If you haven’t tried something before, research what you plan to try, and test it out first with a small quantity. Consider using a moisturiser and a barrier cream without parabens, and experiment with lanolin formulations, if you wish. Lanolin is from sheep’s wool and can irritate some skins, but is not as bad as it is sometimes made out to be, in or being an irritant or causing an allergic reaction in huge numbers of people. On the other hand, parabens do not initially disturb the skin, but many sources say that they can have a bad long-term effect on even a totally healthy person. Parabens are a family of alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid that differ by various chemical substitutions. The six widely marketed para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters are methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben. They differ in their solubility and range of antimicrobial activity. They are used as preservatives, but of course there are organic (natural) alternatives. See : http://thenaturalhealthguide.com.au/reviews/parabens-in-cosmetics-friends-or-foes/
The QV Silic 15 Barrier Cream (made by the Ego company that manufactures the QV wash and moisturiser) contains 15% Dimethicone (a silicone based polymer or oil with skin moisturising properties) but no parabens or lanolin, while Fauldings Barrier Cream contains Dimethicone and also parabens and lanolin. Dimethicone has been approved by the Food and Drug Authoirty as being safe to use in cosmetics and creams. It works in a similar way to parafiin, coating the skin, lubricating the skin and locking in moisture. Neways Barrier cream does not contain lanolin or paraffin, but contains Dimethicone (despite claiming not to contain silicone) and has plenty of parabens. They are occlusive creams, i.e. stop compounds from leaving the skin. http://www.visiblehealth.co.uk/barrier_cream.htm http://www.itsyourlife.uk.com/barrier_cream.html The QV moisturiser contains liquid paraffin, soft white paraffin (solid paraffin) and glycerol. Paraffin or petroleum jelly (also called petrolateum or paraffin wax) is what comprises Vaseline. Paraffin is a mixture of hydrocarbons or a petrochemical and seals in moisture by adding a greasy layer to the skin, thus preventing water evaporating from the skin. Some sources say it is best to avoid using paraffin for treating burns or rashes.
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Heavy Paraffin and Dimethicone based barrier creams can trap an infection, so do not use them if there is a possibility of infection or an actual infection. Using a common-sense approach, it is a matter of trial and error as to whether you prefer using a paraffin based moisturiser on a daily basis (where there is no infection), or another moisturiser, such as all natural Shea Butter or Cocoa Butter or DermaVeen Colloidal Oatmeal or an Aveeno product. Personally, I have found using the DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal bath and shower oil followed by the DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal moisturiser to be “life-savers” for me while having many rashes, including heat rashes, and it does not contain lanolin, parabens, OR petrochemicals!! Be careful of barrier cream products like Skin Sure !! The Skin Sure formulation includes Triclosan as an active anti-bacteiral agent, but Triclosan can be carcinogenic (cause cancer). The Naturalene brand of the Invisble Glove barrier cream from the U.K. contains Virgin Wheat Germ Oil (a rich source of natural vitamin E), Benzoin Extract (rapid healing qualities), and Vegetable Oil. My research shows that people who use it like it a lot. It is preferable to use this barrier cream, as the others contain Dimethicone or parabens. Be careful because there are other barrier creams around with the words “Invisible Glove” but the ingredients contain parabens and /or triethanolamine, the latter which is known to irritate eyes and possibly even exacerbate dermatitis. All Naturalene products are 100% natural, made entirely from plant extracts, totally non-toxic and environmentally friendly. http://www.discountvitaminsexpress.com.au/cgix/display.asp?prodID=30354 The jury is still out regarding the possible negative long-term effects of parabens, i.e. nothing is clear about parabens yet. I have been using Emu Oil cream and may other preparations which contain parabens, but have not had an immediate adverse reaction to using such formulations.
Always check and research all the ingredients first !! http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/#MSDS Click on the link above, scroll down to the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Information and click on the letter for the chemical you want to research and / or do your own research - 15 -
The Final Words - A Spiritual link to Dermatitis As Louise Hays points out, illnesses and disorders reflect something going on in the spiritual arena, or that the mind – body – spirit balance is out of sorts. Problems with the skin show that “something is getting under one’s skin”, so to speak. If one looks at an illness, even a rash, as a self-defense measure, then she can look at what she is afraid of and is trying to defend herself from. Some texts say that metaphorically a skin rash means that one is feeling “rash” or that she has been too forward or put herself out too much, or has stepped over the boundaries. I feel that this latest rash of mine was partly caused by temporary feelings of resentment by myself toward others and myself. However, I have faced these feelings, and believe that I have done the hard work to change my “infra-structure” or frame-work, which will greatly reduce, if not eliminate the rashes which I am prone to get, which I find not just discomforting, but painful and wearing on my energy. Given the choice between a rash and stepping back a little and asking myself “what are my issues that I am worried or resentful about”, I will now gladly choose the latter. Theta healing has helped me look at the origins or roots of my fearful feelings, such as an erroneous belief that “God doesn’t love me” accompanied by still left-over feelings of guilt, remaining from a huge burden of guilt previously experienced / manifested by me. I believe that, after a tremendous amount of “clearing” or bringing up and purging that which no longer serves me, that I have now over-come all guilt. I am ready to love and enjoy myself truly, and I am ready to set my boundaries as much as I am letting others enjoy themselves. I have also been introduced to EFT (the emotional freedom technique) and to tapping, which I believe are also great techniques to help on the spiritual level, and I have been attuned to Reiki.
May your body reflect your mind and spirit – happy, healthy and well.
Written by A Concerned Citizen, 2009
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Internet references
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookIMMUN.html http://www.healthline.com/sw/hr-sr-what-to-do-about-allergies http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051220000731.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7616007 http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Immune/Antigen.htm http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Immunology/Students/spring2000/lamar/mfirp.ht m http://s.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/I/Inflammation.html http://www.healthy-skincare.com/heat-rash.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9354811 http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit5/intro/lymphoid/lymphoid.html http://www.nature.com/icb/journal/v81/n6/full/icb200371a.html http://microvet.arizona.edu/courses/MIC419/Tutorials/cytokines.html http://www.peterkelly.com.au/inflammation.htm http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049353-overview http://www.egopharm.com.au/EgoProducts/Silic15/Silic15Cream.html http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100004783.html http://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient_details.php?ingredient_id=47 http://www.snowdriftfarm.com/silicone_use.html http://www.patient.co.uk/pharmacy/Hands_First_Invisible_Gloves_Barrier_Cream.htm ?ID=HFIG125
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What is a Rash? A rash is an inflammation of the skin, leading to itchy, red, sore skin. Rashes can be caused by:
Sweat / heat Irritant dermatitis Allergic dermatitis/eczema Food allergies (hives, urticaria) Systemic illness, e.g. rheumatic fever, Lyme disease Infections Insect bites / scrapes / cuts / cat scratches
The Skin The skin is an organ which –
Provides a physical protective barrier between the “outside” and the inner form
Helps to regulate body temperature (sweat cools the skin as it evaporates)
Eliminates toxins (mineral salts and waste acids, i.e. urea) through pores in the skin
Is three tiered, made up of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer, with keratin, a hard impermeable protein forming the outer or top layer.
Has one of the body’s primary defence systems via S.A.L.T - the skin associated lymphoid tissue, composed of migrating or visitng leukocytes (white blood cells, including T cells), keratinocytes, Langerhans cells and lymphatic endothelial cells of the skin. The epidermis contains all of the components needed for an effective immune response, i.e. antigen-presenting Langerhans cells, T cells (specialised white blood cells of two types T1 and T2), and chemical cytokines extruded from leukocytes and keratinocytes.
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Inflammation The body's primary response to injury or infection is called inflammation. The purpose of inflammation is to provide an environment around the injured or infected region that maximises repair and anti infection processes. It does this by flooding the area with the materials and enzymes needed so that repair work can be done most effectively and infection fought. The damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals which increase the blood flow to the area. This results in the redness and heat, and if fluid enters the skin tissue (skin cells) from leaky capillaries, oedema results or swelling, with associated soreness. It is when a person has an exagerrated response or an allergic response, that results in extreme inflammation, where the inflammation becomes worse than the actual effect or the suspected effect of the product or substance that triggered the response. Binding sites for several pro-inflammatory chemokines are found on the endothelial cells (ECs) of the micro-vascular lymphatic system in human dermis. Endothelial refers to a lining or covering, and vascular means capable of transportation. The lymphatic system is a network of conduits and lymphoid tissues that carry a clear fluid called lymph. Lymph is excess fluid that is drained from the spaces between the cells into the lymph vessels, which is returned to the cells with nutrients when required . The lymph is filtered in the lymph nodes, with bacteria, debris and pathogens (harmful micro-organisms) being trapped and destroyed by the lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte).
What is an Allergy? An allergy or an allergic reaction is an inappropriate, over-blown or excessive response mounted by the body's immune system against a harmless substance. You develop allergies for two reasons: First, you are genetically predisposed to be allergic; second, factors in your environment, especially when you are young, make you more susceptible. Most allergies are caused by some combination of genetics and environment. Allergies can involve air-borne substances, chemicals, food, animal fur, clothes, metals, and other substances or compounds, including even sun-light in some rare cases. The symptoms of food allergies can be hives or urticaria, i.e. itchy raised inflamed lumps, as well as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. For a description of types of allergies, please see the web-page below. http://www.healthline.com/sw/hr-sr-what-to-do-about-allergies/4
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Allergies, Irritants and Intolerances People often confuse reactions to irritants in the environment — like a runny nose from cold air, smoke, or perfumes — with a true allergic reaction such as hay fever, which is an immune system response to an allergen such as ragweed. Some people develop an itchy or sore red rash after with certain chemicals such as a harsh laundry detergent, or after a small amount of cat fur lands on their skin, but if the immune system isn't involved, it is an irritation, not an allergy. An inflammation does not always involve an allergic response of the immune system. If this is the case, the inflammation is short-lived, i.e. disappears within a very short time of the initial irritant. It is best to know what irritates your skin and to avoid irritants. Likewise, someone who suffers from bloating and diarrhea after drinking milk or eating dairy products may have an intolerance, not an allergy, to lactose, a natural sugar found in cow's milk, because they lack the enzymes needed to digest. However, this picture can get murky because some people are, in fact, allergic to one or more of the proteins in milk. This illustrates how tricky it can be to determine a diagnosis and design a treatment. Auto-immune Disorders / Diseases Autoimmune disorders are where the body's immune system reacts against some of its own tissue and produces antibodies to attack itself. The skin and mucous membranes house macrophages (white cells of the tissues) and antibodies. The macrophages job is to digest the antigens while the antibodies trap the antigens that got away. If the antigens break through these barriers, the body reacts by producing lymphocytes (B and T cells) programmed to attack and kill the antigen. In general , when antibodies are directed against the body's own cells, or when B and T cells attack and destroy their own body's cells and not foreign antigens, an autoimmune disorder can result. Examples are diabetes, some cases of hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Do not confuse a sweat rash with autoimmune disorder.
Heat rash / Sweat rash A heat rash is a skin condition that often occurs in the summer months. Summer weather is hot and often humid in many parts of the world and these are the prime conditions for the development of this type of skin rash or skin irritation. It can also develop in cooler weather when individuals get too hot because they are overdressed or wearing tight fitting clothing. This type of rash is known by other names as well, such as prickly heat, miliaria, sun rash, or sweat rash.
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A miliaria rash occurs when excessive sweating occurs, skin pores subsequently get clogged, and the skin over heats internally. It is characterized by the appearance of a cluster of red pimples with red skin surrounding them. Small blisters may also be present. The rash is often very itchy, prickly or may sting and burn quite significantly. The areas of the skin most often affected include the upper chest and neck, back, groin, under the breasts, and in skin creases or skin fold areas such as elbow and knee regions. Children, especially younger children, are usually affected more often than adults although an adult miliaria rash does occur in many people. Prickly rash treatments are generally quite basic and include keeping the skin clean of sweat and cooling the skin and body. Cool showers and light loose fitting clothing will help. In addition, staying out of the sun would also be a good idea. Seeking an airconditioned environment is beneficial. In many cases, the prickly rash will disappear on its own in a short amount of time, if the basic advice given above is followed. Calamine lotion can soothe the itch, but avoid any oil-based products because these may lead to additional skin pore clogging and prevent the heat rash healing process from occurring. In more severe prickly heat or miliaria cases, infection or heat exhaustion is possible. For these cases, medical attention is required in order to treat the infection or to prevent death from the heat exhaustion condition. [ Source of information: http://www.healthy-skincare.com/heat-rash.html ]
The Immune System The body’s natural antibodies identify an intruder particle, called an antigen, which may be a chemical, cat dander, or something entering the body through broken skin, to help get rid of the antigen. B cells and T cells circulate within the blood-stream, including the blood vessels that feed the skin. B cells and T cells secrete chemicals or compounds into the body’s fluids. Antibodies are proteins, called immunoglobulins, that can recognize (match) specific antigens. Antibodies match an antigen much as a key matches a lock, then coat or opsonise the angtigen, and then neutralises the antigen and signals other cells to migrate to the area and destroy the antigen. There are four types of immunoglobulins, including IgE or Immunoglobulin E. The Helper T cells or TH cells coordinate immune responses by communicating with other cells. Some stimulate nearby B cells to produce antibody, others call in microbegobbling cells called phagocytes, still others activate other T cells. Cytotoxic or Natural Killer T cells directly attack other cells carrying certain foreign or abnormal molecules on their surfaces. TH1 cells stimulate production of coating antibodies. Langerhans cells are thought to add a marker molecule to an antigen so that the antigen is recognised as “non-self” by the first line of defence in the skin’s immune system. Cytokines are messenger molecules secreted by the B and T cells. They are the chief communication signals of the T cells. Cytokines include chemokines. -4-
Mast cells are found resident in tissues throughout the body, particularly in association with structures such as blood vessels and nerves, and in proximity to the skin and other surfaces that interface with the external environment. Mast cells are bone marrow-derived and particularly depend upon stem cell factor for their survival. Mast cells appear to be highly engineered cells with multiple critical biological functions. After activation by the T cells, mast cells may immediately extrude granuleassociated mediators and generate lipid-derived substances that induce immediate allergic inflammation. Biological functions of mast cells appear to include a role in innate immunity, involvement in host defense mechanisms against parasitic infestations, immunomodulation of the immune system, and tissue repair and angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels). Histamines are messenger or mediator proteins released by mast cells and keratinocytes. They increase permeability of blood vessels in the area, thus causing increased blood flow to the site, with associated swelling and soreness Mast cell activation may also be followed by the production of more cytokines and chemokines, which are already being produced by the B cells and T cells. Cytokine and chemokine secretion activated by the mast cells may occur hours after the initial cause of the allergic response, and may contribute to chronic inflammation. Cytokines and chemokines control immune and inflammatory responses, through complex processes. In some cases, an imbalance of cytokines that dampen inflammation and of cytokines that promote inflammation, may result in a high level of inflammation, especially in combination with the release of histamine. The action of cytokines and chemokines and histamine may become severe enough to look like the skin is burned, and in fact the upper layer of the skin (stratum corneum) IS indeed burnt in some instances, and then sloughs off. This is when the subject (person with the rash) sees her skin literally peeling away (because it has been burnt by the heat of the warm blood being channeled to the site of the rash). In atopic dermatitis sufferers (and other allergy sufferers, e.g. hay-fever, food allergies and dermatitis), there may be an imbalance of the T H cells, with too many TH2 cells, which not only “recruit” (or communicate with) mast cells and B cells, and produce cytokines to act against an “innocent” substance (which the immune system mistakenly treats as a threat), but stimulates production of the neutralising Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. This antibody surrounds the allergen and triggers an allergic response, primarily or initially via activation of the mast cells by the antibody. The mast cells are stimulated to produce their own cytokines, which in turn lead to the production of more IgE which continues or cascades the cycle.
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Dermatitis (externally induced) and Eczema (genetically induced) Dermatitis (also called dermatitis skin rash) is an inflammation of the skin, causing redness and itching. It is a common condition which is, by itself, not life-threatening, but it can make a person feel uncomfortable, painful and self-conscious. A combination of self-care steps and medications can help treat dermatitis. Dermatitis may be acute or chronic. Acute refers to sudden short-term episodes, while chronic refers to a long term condition. The acute condition is usually characterised by erythema, tiny vesicles that may rupture and by pruritus (itching). Dermatitis and Eczema both involve inflammations and swelling of the skin. They may be induced by internal (genetic) and external (environmental) factors acting on their own or in combination. Atopy refers to the tendency to asthma, eczema and hay fever. Atopy is largely inherited (genetic). It is characterised by an overactive immune response to environmental factors. The same factors have no effect on the skin of a non-atopic person. Eczema is a chronic condition, and is also referred to as Atopic Dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis refers to a genetic origin of recurring inflammation of the epidermis of the skin. Eczema is considered an endogenous condition of genetic origin, while dermatitis is exogenous, i.e. due to environmental origin such as with an irritant. The eczema and dermatitis are used synonymously while some dermatologists refer to dermatitis as inflammation of the skin of any origin. Eczema is generally claimed to occur due to a high level of antibodies, usually immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the bloodstream, which renders the individual sensitive or hypersensitive to a wide range of 'trigger' factors, called antigens, in the diet or environment. The prime symptom is itching which may be very severe, accompanied by redness, papules, vesicles, scaling, weeping exudation of sebum and when this dries, crusting. However, there is no known single cause for eczema, and it probably is due to more than one condition. Eczema / atopic dermatitis has a characteristic clinical appearance that usually appears in infancy or early childhood. Recently, there is emerging evidence that inflammation in atopic dermatitis results primarily from inherited abnormalities in the skin – the skin “barrier defect”. An inherited abnormality in filaggrin expression is now considered a primary cause of disordered barrier function. Filaggrin is a filament-associated protein which binds to keratin fibres in the epidermal cells. This barrier failure causes increased permeability of the skin and reduces its antimicrobial function.
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The loss of skin barrier function means that:
Water is lost Irritants may penetrate (soap, detergent, solvents, dirt etc.) Allergens may penetrate it (pollens, dust-mite antigens, microbes) The specialised immune cells of the epidermis (Langerhans cells) in atopic dermatitis have an increased response to these antigens and interact with dermal T cells to produce a TH2 response, releasing inflammatory cytokines.
The inflammation induced by this TH2 response exacerbates the barrier defect.
Ceramide (a fatty acid) is reduced Filaggrin is reduced Antimicrobial peptides are reduced Bacteria colonise and infect the skin Infections are more difficult to control
Both genetic make-up of the individual and ‘external’ environmental factors contribute to the likelihood of developing eczema, its severity and its response to treatment. Dry skin is a sign of the loss of barrier function. The immune system develops in the first six months of life. This skin barrier abnormality or disorder and / or the immune system over-reacting with an excessive production of TH2 cells and IgE, causes dermatitis.
Besides Eczema / Atopic Dermatitis, there are other types of dermatitis:
dermatitis - caused by a substance or chemical Light dermatitis - caused by the sun Diaper / Nappy rash (babies) Dermatitis herpetiformis - blistering skin rash of elbows, knees, and buttocks. Exfoliative dermatitis – the skin falls or flakes off Perioral dermatitis - affecting the face and oral region Seborrheic dermatitis - scaling affecting the face and scalp causing cradle cap and dandruff.
While Atopic Dermatitis is often characterised by an allergic reaction, dermatitis may or may not involve an allergic response. The difference between whether it is allergy caused or not will be in the manifestation of the symptoms. That is, where there is a general inflammation of the skin due to an irritant, and not due to an allergy, called irritant dermatitis, the inflammation will appear immediately after exposure to the irritant, and will not last for long. However, an allergic dermatitis will produce a more lasting inflammation with associated itchiness and soreness, and the symptoms may arise several hours after with the irritant. -7-
Irritant dermatitis is caused by a particular amount, or excessive with an irritant. Irritant dermatitis occurs when chemicals or physical agents damage the surface of the skin faster than the skin is able to repair the damage. The dermatitis or eczema is often well demarcated with a glazed surface but there may be redness, itching, swelling, blistering and scaling of the damaged area. This may be indistinguishable from other types of dermatitis. Irritants damage the skin by removing oils and moisture from its outer layer, allowing the irritants to penetrate more deeply and cause further damage by triggering inflammation. Allergic dermatitis may look similar to irritant dermatitis, but it is caused by an immune response following skin with an allergen. Tiny quantities may be sufficient to cause allergy, whereas a certain minimum exposure is necessary for irritant dermatitis. Irritant and allergic dermatitis may coexist. Irritant dermatitis (ICD) is inflammation of the skin typically manifested by erythema, mild edema, and scaling. Irritant dermatitis is a nonspecific response of the skin to direct chemical damage that releases mediators of inflammation predominately from epidermal cells. Irritant dermatitis is the clinical result of sufficient inflammation arising from the release of proinflammatory cytokines from skin cells (principally keratinocytes), usually in response to chemical stimuli. The 3 main pathophysiological changes are skin barrier disruption, epidermal cellular changes, and cytokine release. Skin irritation predisposes the skin to develop sensitization to topical agents. Skin irritation by both nonallergenic and allergenic compounds induces Langerhans cell migration and maturation. Insect bites, scrapes and cat scratches introduce substances such as chemicals, dirt, toxins, and bacteria into the layers of the skin, which can cause ICD.
Treatment and my Experiences I have come to the informed conclusion that I have been afflicted by Irritant Dermatitis and Allergic Dermatitis. Although I have been to several different traditional doctors (General Practitioners) and to three Naturopaths and even to a Dermatologist (skin specialist), I have largely had to research and find information for myself on the physiology behind rashes or dermatitis. When I asked the GP what is behind the rashes that I got, she responded that I simply have a tendency to get rashes, like some people had a tendency toward hay-fever, so I assume she was talking about a genetic component. The Dermatologist saw me when I no longer had a rash, because, generally speaking, it take four weeks or so to book in to see a specialist and by that time, the condition one has has usually disappeared. All he said is that I have very, very dry skin, and to have only 3 minute luke-warm showers. I tried to ask him what types of dermatitis there are, whereupon he actually got angry and simply dismissed my question; no doubt thinking himself to be the expert and me to have no right to be pretending to be the expert somehow, ha.
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The first naturopath I saw in Australia about 20 years ago acted in-appropriately toward me and the next one, a few years back, performed a SCIO evaluation upon me, at my request. The SCIO method supposedly picks up what substances one is allergic to, without the discomfort of a patch test (minute amounts of different allergens placed on the skin) or a RAST test (measures IgE levels). The SCIO technique is an electromagnetic scan which somehow calculates the biological reactivity and resonance in the body with allergens, etc. I was given a little bottle of “medicine” to take, to help return my body to energetic equilibrium, but I really don’t know if it helped or not, because at that stage, once again, my rash was nearly over. However, the SCIO Naturopath told me I was allergic to rye, xanthan and amaranth gum, and to my surprise, to cat dander (fur and/or saliva). Sometimes when our cat’s soft fur lands on my skin, it immediately causes itching and a red area to flare up, but it doesn’t last for long. Perhaps I am not so sensitized to cat’s fur, having lived with lots of cats when I was a child as well as an adult, sort of along the lines of the theory that children build up a healthy immune system by being exposed to some germs as they are growing. My skin or immune system may have become more tolerant of cat dander. Regarding my food allergies, xanthan gum is added as a powder to dry bread ingredients and acts as a thickener for many commercial food products such as dressings, gravies and sauces. Amaranth gum or starch is a type of grain which is used in baked goods. Rye is a cereal used in breads, beer, etc. The SCIO practitioner said it was likely that cat dander had reacted with some insect bites on my legs, causing the rash I that I was seeing her about. For more information on the SCIO methodology, click on the link below. http://www.quantumtrainingaustralia.com/faq.htm On 10th January 2009 I had a free half hour appointment with a Naturopath at a Good Life Health store. Although I think that he did not know a lot about the physiological functioning of allergies and dermatitis, he suggested that my rashes were due to a combination of things and that I should treat my skin, i.e. add moisture to my skin by taking Flax-seed Oil capsules. The Naturopath also pointed out that the digestive system is very important in the immune response, i.e. the colon or large intestine, and recommended that I take probiotics or “good” bacteria, to facilitate the functioning of my colon. As well, he prescribed a homeopathic medicine for me, see list below. I asked him wouldn’t my cat, whom has been with me for nine years now, be upsetting my skin all the year around if I was allergic to cat dander. He replied, not necessarily, that to have an allergic or irritant response, it may require a combination of cat dander with sweating or something else. So, the plot or the equation thickens really.
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For me personally, the equation seems to be –
( Insect bites or Scrapes or Sweat or Some Chemicals or Some Plants or Some Clothes ) And / Or Cat dander = Irritant and / or Allergic Dermatitis
GPs say that rashes / dermatitis are generally treated by applying hydrocortisone cream, also called a corticosteroid cream (or a stronger topical steroid) and by taking anti-histamine tablets, such as Telfast, and also simply waiting for the body to heal itself over time. The anti-histamine reduces the inflammation and thus lessens the itchiness and soreness, but does not cure the rash. The hydrocortisone cream (a topical corticosteroid, or adrenocortical steroid, topical meaning applied to the skin) is supposed to heal the rash over time. It reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, redness, and swelling. However, these steroids can have quite potent effects, and must be used sparingly. If you have not used them before, be very careful to start with, or better still, try natural means instead. Corticosteroid cream is particularly for rashes caused by abundant chemokine release, rather than when histamine is involved. Anti-histamine tablets will not work when it is the chemokines that are causing the inflammation. Steroid creams are only available via prescription, and come in different classes of strength, such as mild, moderate, potent, and very potent. The strengths start with 0.5 to 2.5% hydrocortisone, such as Derm Aid. Side effects can include interruption of the functioning of the adrenal glands, which naturally produce cortisol, which is a hormone that helps to maintain blood pressure, immune function and the body's antiinflammatory processes. A few years back, I was prescribed oral steroids to treat a severe rash on my left leg (that looked like orange peel and gave off a heat when you held your hand high above my leg) by a Locum services doctor (operates out of hours). These strong steroids did cure the rash, but also gave me some side-effects. A very curious side-effect was that my hair or scalp became really oily, but, luckily, this condition was only temporary!
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The trick for treatment is:
Don’ts use soap, which strips natural oils from the skin. Use a soap replacement for sensitive, dry skin, or natural soaps especially for dermatitis sufferers. Use a body moisturiser liberally all year around Avoid allergens Avoid sweating too much and wash away excessive sweat Apply a good anti-itch and anti-inflammatory and antiseptic cream immediately to insect bites, e.g. Paraderm Reduce the inflammation as soon as possible Drink plenty of water, have a good diet Look after your digestive system – probiotics and eating alkaline forming foods Wear loose fitting “breathable” clothing Use a barrier cream on hands and all over before exposure to dust, grime and chemicals Take a homeopathic medicine or aspirin for reducing the pain
I have come up with a list of treatments, of which I have personally tried.
QV wash – good alternative to soap
Cetaphil wash – shower & bath – preferred over QV
DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal bath and shower oil – my favourite
DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal body moisturiser – my favourite moisturiser See : http://www.dermatech.com.au/ Australian product, marketed overseas
QV moisturiser
Pinetarsol i.e. pine tar – reduces inflammation but I find colloidal oatmeal better for me
Essential oil of Lavender – can’t tell if this helped me or not
Apple cider vinegar - this did soothe the soreness or inflammation
Colloidal silver – 16 to 20 ppm applied topically and also drunk – hard to tell if it helped
Eczema Medi-honey cream – has helped in the long term
Calendula ointment – helps when scarring has appeared
Chickweed cream – gave me a bad reaction !! - 11 -
Emu Oil cream (with Vitamin E, from farm-bred emus) – a nice cold cream which helps moisturise, but it contains parabens
“Anti-inflam relief” homeopathic medicine - 20 ml oral liquid taken twice a day (15 drops each dose) to reduce inflammation - contains sulfur, clematis, belladonna, gun powder and other weird things – seems to be helping (but taken at a late stage)
Probiotic 8 – consisting of 8 species or 5 billion bacteria – one capsule a day – I think that this is definitely helping my digestive system
Flax-seed Oil – for the skin - Microgenics brand, 1000 mg per capsule – two capsules a day – definitely helping me as I feel “better” after taking these !!
Bee Pollen – a complete nutrient for good health – definitely helping me – I have been taking these for a while now – 500 mg per capsule x 2 daily
Goats milk and Oatmeal Soap or Goats milk and Honey Soap
Notes on the above I only recently began drinking Colloidal Silver at 15 ml each day over the first 4 days, then at 10 ml per day. Some say to apply 40ppm colloidal silver to the rash, but I used what I was drinking in a little bottle to squirt onto the rashes. The concentration is 16 to 20 ppm. The Naturopath said that he thinks it doesn’t really matter too much what concentration of C.S. that one applies topically (i.e. to the skin). Using colloidal oatmeal was recently suggested to me, and I have found it has been a tremendous help to me in reducing itching and in healing. I recommend using DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal in the bath and shower, and as a body moisturiser, which you can use all over, including on the face. For more information about c.o. please click on the links below. Of course, all treatments are unique to an individual, and each person needs to try out and find what works best for them. http://www.colloidaloatmeal.com/index.htm http://www.dermatech.com.au/pages/default.asp?pid=72 The Medihoney formulation contains antibacterial honey, aloe vera, german chamomile, natural vitamin E, coconut oil, beeswax and evening primrose oil. MEDIHONEY® is the first topical honey product in the world to achieve Therapeutic Goods istration (TGA) listing. A 75g tube was bought from my local chemist for $13.90 AUD. http://www.medihoney.com/News6.htm
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Goldenseal Powder for insect bites, and Aloe Vera sap and the Sausage tree ointment have also been suggested to me to try, but to date, I have not yet tried them out, although I certainly would like to try them !! Thank you to all those who have made suggestions. A word about probiotics or “good living organisms”. About 80% of your immune system lives in your gastrointestinal tract. It is the first line of defense. Our body flushes most of the toxins and wastes through our colon. But when a colon becomes clogged and dirty, those toxins just lay dormant inside of our bodies. This greatly taxes the major organs, including the skin, causing them to have work that much harder to fend off sickness. The end results are a decreased immune system response because the body is already working that much harder to flush out the toxins. Sugars and carbohydrates tax the immune system as they are acidic and should be avoided. Yoghurt and milk containing Probiotic organisms should be avoided because the milk can disrupt the mucous membranes of the body. Colon cleansing is a short term treatment to clear out the colon, but you must be very careful in choosing what is the right method for you. Probiotics should be taken after colon cleansing and taking antibiotics, to restore the good bacteria. Antibiotics can disturb the digestive system, and result in diarrhoea. Be careful also when choosing a Probiotic. My Naturopath recommended cytobifidus for me, which is in the Probiotic 8 capsules that I bought. http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/b/weil-healthy-living/2028/protect-health-with-probiotics/ If you are allergic to bee-stings, then don’t try Bee Pollen, which is not just flower pollen, but is the pollen which has been taken by bees and has had bee substances added to it. http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/bee.htm http://www.answers.com/topic/bee-pollen Flax-seed Oil contains two Essential Fatty Acids, 56% Omega 3 and 16% Omega 6. One of the properties of Flax oil seems to be a strengthening of the immune system, so that it works as it should. Not only does flax-seed oil contain important essential fats, omega-3s and omega-6s, but it is also rich in lignans, which have antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties, and may play a vital role in the prevention of breast, prostate, uterine and colon cancers. EFAs are also good for the brain, and I found that taking flax-seed oil capsules made me more alert !! http://ezinearticles.com/?Flax-Seed-Oil-Benefits-For-The-Skin&id=431258 http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/flaxoil.htm
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All-natural / Organic formulations are best !! Be careful when using off-the shelf or supermarket treatments and when trying out C.A.M or Complementary Alternative Medications as what works for one person may not necessarily work for another. If you haven’t tried something before, research what you plan to try, and test it out first with a small quantity. Consider using a moisturiser and a barrier cream without parabens, and experiment with lanolin formulations, if you wish. Lanolin is from sheep’s wool and can irritate some skins, but is not as bad as it is sometimes made out to be, in or being an irritant or causing an allergic reaction in huge numbers of people. On the other hand, parabens do not initially disturb the skin, but many sources say that they can have a bad long-term effect on even a totally healthy person. Parabens are a family of alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid that differ by various chemical substitutions. The six widely marketed para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters are methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben. They differ in their solubility and range of antimicrobial activity. They are used as preservatives, but of course there are organic (natural) alternatives. See : http://thenaturalhealthguide.com.au/reviews/parabens-in-cosmetics-friends-or-foes/
The QV Silic 15 Barrier Cream (made by the Ego company that manufactures the QV wash and moisturiser) contains 15% Dimethicone (a silicone based polymer or oil with skin moisturising properties) but no parabens or lanolin, while Fauldings Barrier Cream contains Dimethicone and also parabens and lanolin. Dimethicone has been approved by the Food and Drug Authoirty as being safe to use in cosmetics and creams. It works in a similar way to parafiin, coating the skin, lubricating the skin and locking in moisture. Neways Barrier cream does not contain lanolin or paraffin, but contains Dimethicone (despite claiming not to contain silicone) and has plenty of parabens. They are occlusive creams, i.e. stop compounds from leaving the skin. http://www.visiblehealth.co.uk/barrier_cream.htm http://www.itsyourlife.uk.com/barrier_cream.html The QV moisturiser contains liquid paraffin, soft white paraffin (solid paraffin) and glycerol. Paraffin or petroleum jelly (also called petrolateum or paraffin wax) is what comprises Vaseline. Paraffin is a mixture of hydrocarbons or a petrochemical and seals in moisture by adding a greasy layer to the skin, thus preventing water evaporating from the skin. Some sources say it is best to avoid using paraffin for treating burns or rashes.
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Heavy Paraffin and Dimethicone based barrier creams can trap an infection, so do not use them if there is a possibility of infection or an actual infection. Using a common-sense approach, it is a matter of trial and error as to whether you prefer using a paraffin based moisturiser on a daily basis (where there is no infection), or another moisturiser, such as all natural Shea Butter or Cocoa Butter or DermaVeen Colloidal Oatmeal or an Aveeno product. Personally, I have found using the DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal bath and shower oil followed by the DermaVeen colloidal oatmeal moisturiser to be “life-savers” for me while having many rashes, including heat rashes, and it does not contain lanolin, parabens, OR petrochemicals!! Be careful of barrier cream products like Skin Sure !! The Skin Sure formulation includes Triclosan as an active anti-bacteiral agent, but Triclosan can be carcinogenic (cause cancer). The Naturalene brand of the Invisble Glove barrier cream from the U.K. contains Virgin Wheat Germ Oil (a rich source of natural vitamin E), Benzoin Extract (rapid healing qualities), and Vegetable Oil. My research shows that people who use it like it a lot. It is preferable to use this barrier cream, as the others contain Dimethicone or parabens. Be careful because there are other barrier creams around with the words “Invisible Glove” but the ingredients contain parabens and /or triethanolamine, the latter which is known to irritate eyes and possibly even exacerbate dermatitis. All Naturalene products are 100% natural, made entirely from plant extracts, totally non-toxic and environmentally friendly. http://www.discountvitaminsexpress.com.au/cgix/display.asp?prodID=30354 The jury is still out regarding the possible negative long-term effects of parabens, i.e. nothing is clear about parabens yet. I have been using Emu Oil cream and may other preparations which contain parabens, but have not had an immediate adverse reaction to using such formulations.
Always check and research all the ingredients first !! http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/#MSDS Click on the link above, scroll down to the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Information and click on the letter for the chemical you want to research and / or do your own research - 15 -
The Final Words - A Spiritual link to Dermatitis As Louise Hays points out, illnesses and disorders reflect something going on in the spiritual arena, or that the mind – body – spirit balance is out of sorts. Problems with the skin show that “something is getting under one’s skin”, so to speak. If one looks at an illness, even a rash, as a self-defense measure, then she can look at what she is afraid of and is trying to defend herself from. Some texts say that metaphorically a skin rash means that one is feeling “rash” or that she has been too forward or put herself out too much, or has stepped over the boundaries. I feel that this latest rash of mine was partly caused by temporary feelings of resentment by myself toward others and myself. However, I have faced these feelings, and believe that I have done the hard work to change my “infra-structure” or frame-work, which will greatly reduce, if not eliminate the rashes which I am prone to get, which I find not just discomforting, but painful and wearing on my energy. Given the choice between a rash and stepping back a little and asking myself “what are my issues that I am worried or resentful about”, I will now gladly choose the latter. Theta healing has helped me look at the origins or roots of my fearful feelings, such as an erroneous belief that “God doesn’t love me” accompanied by still left-over feelings of guilt, remaining from a huge burden of guilt previously experienced / manifested by me. I believe that, after a tremendous amount of “clearing” or bringing up and purging that which no longer serves me, that I have now over-come all guilt. I am ready to love and enjoy myself truly, and I am ready to set my boundaries as much as I am letting others enjoy themselves. I have also been introduced to EFT (the emotional freedom technique) and to tapping, which I believe are also great techniques to help on the spiritual level, and I have been attuned to Reiki.
May your body reflect your mind and spirit – happy, healthy and well.
Written by A Concerned Citizen, 2009
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Internet references
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookIMMUN.html http://www.healthline.com/sw/hr-sr-what-to-do-about-allergies http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051220000731.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7616007 http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Immune/Antigen.htm http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Immunology/Students/spring2000/lamar/mfirp.ht m http://s.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/I/Inflammation.html http://www.healthy-skincare.com/heat-rash.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9354811 http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit5/intro/lymphoid/lymphoid.html http://www.nature.com/icb/journal/v81/n6/full/icb200371a.html http://microvet.arizona.edu/courses/MIC419/Tutorials/cytokines.html http://www.peterkelly.com.au/inflammation.htm http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049353-overview http://www.egopharm.com.au/EgoProducts/Silic15/Silic15Cream.html http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100004783.html http://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient_details.php?ingredient_id=47 http://www.snowdriftfarm.com/silicone_use.html http://www.patient.co.uk/pharmacy/Hands_First_Invisible_Gloves_Barrier_Cream.htm ?ID=HFIG125
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