Seminar Ppt 5m224k

GREEN FUEL DESIGN FOR DIESEL ENGINE, COMBUSTION, PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS

Submitted By:Mihir Kumar Mohanty Roll no:32309 Reg.No:1301105073

Under the guidance of:Dr. S.K. Senapati

CONTENTS •

INTRODUCTION

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DEG GREEN FUEL

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PREPARING THE BLEND

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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

•

EMISSION ANANLYSIS

•

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION • Green Fuels are renewable. • Relatively clean burning hence less pollution. • According to UN’s FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization), India is the Third highest producer of Cashew nut i.e. 460K ton per annum. • CNSL is easily available as a waste of cashew nut industries. • Relatively more efficient than other bio diesels.

DEG GREEN FUEL

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL): • CNSL stands for Cashew Nut Shell Liquid. • The cashew nut shell is 3 mm thick with honeycomb like structures in between the inner and outer layer of the shell . • These honeycomb structures contain CNSL. • The shell constitutes 60-70% of the nut.

Continued.. • In cashew nut shell the CNSL occurs as Anarcadic

acid(90%) and Cardol (10%). • Unlike the vegetable oils or waste fried oils CNSL do

not need Transesterification. • CNSL Biodiesel is prepared by the Pyrolysis process. • It’s a process in which thermochemical conversion of

the Anarcadic acid occurs in a reactor at a vacuum pressure of 5kPa and temperature of 600 o C in the absence of Oxygen.

Continued.. • The volatiles removed on pyrolysis are gradually condensed from atmospheric condition to condition in ice bath. • The decarboxylated Cardanol is called CNSL biodiesel.

PREPARING THE BLEND • 20% CNSL biodiesel is mixed with 80% normal diesel to prepare a biodiesel blend called B20. • For better performance two additives are added to the B20 fuel. One is Ethanol other is Diethyl ether. • 90% of B20 fuel + 10% Ethanol is called B20E10. • 90% of B20 +10% diethyl ether is called B20D10. • The blend percentage of CNSL is limited to 20 due to its high viscosity ,low calorific value.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Engine Specification: Name: Kirloskar oil engine Engine type : Four stroke, single cylinder, Vertical, direct injection, Air cooled Compression ignition Engine IS rating at :1500 rpm 3.7 kW Bore : 87.5 mm Stroke :110 mm Cubic capacity : 0.662 l Nominal compression ratio: 17.5:1 Injector type :Single, 3-hole jet injector BMEP 5.44 kg/cm2 Kirloskar A.C Generator kVA-5 PH-1 Hz-50 Volt-240 Amps-21 RPM-1500

Continued… Engine Setup Block diagram: 1.

Test Engine

2.

Generator

3.

Voltmeter

4.

Fuel burette

5.

Fuel tank

6.

Exhaust gas temp (Cr-Al Thermocouple)

7.

AVL-444 Di Gas analyzer

8.

AVL-437C Smoke meter

9.

Control Unit

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 1. Break Thermal efficiency Vs Load:•

From the experimental observed data a small gain percentage noticed for the blend B20D10 over the other blend ratio

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There is nearly 3% increase in BTE of B20D10 than the diesel fuel at full load conditions.

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This may be explained due to the increased break power at full loads.

Continued.. 2. Break specific fuel consumption (BSFC):•

This is may be due to higher energy required per kilowatt at higher load than that of lower load.

•

At higher loads high turbulence and high in-cylinder temperature helps in better atomization of fuel and air fuel mixing. Which leads to better combustion and decreases the BSFC.

Continued.. 3. Exhaust temperature Vs Load:•

The incomplete combustion leads some part of combustion into the exhaust stroke producing high exhaust temperature.

EMISSION ANALYSIS 1.CO% Vs Load:•

Minimum and max CO produced is . 01 and .3 %

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Initially decrease till 80% load but at full load increases sharply

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Because of less time for complete combustion.

Continued… 2. HC Vs Load:•

Lesser HC emission due to higher oxygen content in bio diesel leading to complete combustion.

Continued… 3. NOx Vs Load:•

In B20 increased No is due to fuel combustion temperature, more time to reaction of oxygen and nitrogen, oxygen content in bio diesel.

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Adding Diethyl ether the NO emission decreases.

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May be due to less burning time hence less time for reaction between oxygen and nitrogen.

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For detailed reason we have to perform flame analysis.

Continued… 4.Smoke Opacity Vs Load:•

Less smoke in biodiesel blend B20E10 than others.

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At medium load better result for b20d10 due to presence of oxygen in bio diesel.

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But with increase in load less time for complete combustion for bio diesel hence smoke opacity decreased.

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE Advantage :•

CNSL is cheaper than other vegetable oils.

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Availability is more hence its feasible replacement for diesel.

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Clean burning hence eco friendly.

Disadvantage:•

It can not replace the diesel completely.

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High exhaust temperature.

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Production is possible only near the cashew industry.

CONCLUSION •

Some fuel properties of B20 such as cetane number, Calorific value, sulphur content, and flash point are better than those of diesel fuel.

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Diethyl ether and ethanol as additives decreases the density and the viscosity of blends.

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The addition of diethyl ether and ethanol, can be a promising technique for using biodiesel/diesel blend efficiently in diesel engines without any modifications in the engine.

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Therefore Cashew nut shell liquid blends can be used in CI engines in rural area for meeting energy requirement in various agricultural operations such as irrigation, harvesting, threshing, etc.

REFERENCES [1]Pushparaj. T and Ramabalan. S,(2013) “Green fuel design for diesel engine, combustion, performance and emission analysis”, International Conference On DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, IConDM 2013.Volume 64, Page: 701 – 709. [2] Raghavendra Prasada .S.S (2012),”.A Review on CNSL Biodiesel as an Alternative fuel for Diesel Engine” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) .ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

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