Patho Pleural Effusion 38t6c

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PLEURAL EFFUSION SECONDARY TO BREAST CA NON-MODIFIABLE FACTORS  Hereditary Father side - Uncle = Colon CA died: Dec. 2011 - Patient’s sister = Colon CA died: year 2010 Mother side - Aunty = Breast CA (survived)  Age: 53 y/o

BRCA1 and BRCA2 (chromosomes 17 and 13)

MODIFIABLE FACTORS 

Stress Government Employee (HR Department) Time: 8am-5pm

Suppressed Immune system

Altered cytokines production

Altered cell differentiation

Activated oncogenes

Oncogenesis (proliferation of oncogenes)

Breast tumor (left)

Gradual enlargement of the tumor

Increased tissue pressure and mechanical expansion

Oncogenes become on potentiated state

Neoplasia

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PLEURAL EFFUSION SECONDARY TO BREAST CA Cells begin to seek its own blood supply for survival

Cells from the primary tumor invade surrounding tissue and penetrate blood or lymph vessels

Blood vessels (both veins and arteries) carry cancer cells from the capillary bed of the lungs (Adjacent organ)

Continuous growth and proliferation at the metastatic site (lungs)

Formation of tumor in pulmonary vein or lymphatic drainage. Shedding of malignant cells into the pleural space.

Impaired lymphatic drainage of fluid in the pleural space.

Accumulation of fluid in pleural space

MANIFESTATIONS  Severe back pain (left) pain scale: 20  Dyspnea 

PLEURAL EFFUSION