Past Perf 1620j

Modern Greek Grammar Konstantinos Athanasiou

12.3.7 The past perfect / Υπερζσληέιηθος The past perfect is used to describe an action or event that occurred in the past. The past perfect shows that the action described by the verb was completed before another past action or a certain point of time. The past perfect is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb έρσ (have) (είρα, είρεο, είρε, είρακε, είραηε, είραλ) and the infinitive of the past tense of the verb ending in -εη. Είτα θάεη πξηλ πάσ έμσ. I had eaten before I went out. Η Μαξία είτε καγεηρέυεη πξηλ ηηο έμη. Maria had cooked before six o’clock. 12.3.7.1 Formation of the past perfect of the active voice Verbs of the 1st and the 2nd conjugation Characteristics The past perfect is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb έρσ (have) (είρα, είρεο, είρε, είρακε, είραηε, είραλ) and the infinitive of the past tense of the active voice of the verb (in principle with the endings: -ζεη, -μεη, -ςεη). Formation steps The verbs δηαβάδσ, γξάθσ, αγαπώ and ηειεθσλώ are used as examples: 1. Find the past stem of the active voice of the verb. Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2 δηαβάδσ - δηαβαδ- - δηαβαζαγαπώ - αγαπ- - αγαπεζγξάθσ - γξαθ- - γραυηειεθσλώ - ηειεθσλ- - ηειεθφλεζ2. Place after the past stem the ending -εη and put the stress mark on the second-to-last syllable. Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2 δηαβάζ-εη αγαπήζ-εη γξάς-εη ηειεθσλήζ-εη 3. Use the simple past of the auxiliary verb “έρσ” (είρα, είρεο, είρε, είρακε, είραηε, είραλ) before the verb. Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2 είρα δηαβάζεη, είρεο δηαβάζεη, … είρα αγαπήζεη, είρεο αγαπήζεη, … είρα γξάςεη, είρεο γξάςεη, … είρα ηειεθσλήζεη, είρεο ηειεθσλήζεη, … In the table below one verb of each group is conjugated: Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2 είτα I had written είτα I had loved είτες … είτες … είτε είτε γράυεη αγαπήζεη είτακε είτακε είταηε είταηε είταλ είταλ

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Modern Greek Grammar Konstantinos Athanasiou

12.3.7.2 Formation of the past perfect of the medio-ive voice Verbs of the 1st and 2nd conjugation Charachteristics The past perfect is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb έρσ (have) (είρα, είρεο, είρε, είρακε, είραηε, είραλ) and the infinitive of the past tense of the medio-ive voice of the verb (in principle with the endings -ζεη, -ζηεη or (-θηεη, -ρηεη, -θζεη, -λζεη, -(απ)ηεη, -(επ)ηεη)). Formation steps The verbs πιεξώλνκαη, αγνξάδνκαη, αγαπηέκαη, θνηκάκαη and δηεγνύκαη are used as examples: 1. Find the past stem of the medio-ive voice of the verb. Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2, archaic conjugation πιεξώλνκαη-πιεξσλ-πιερφζαγαπηέκαη-αγαπ-αγαπεζαγνξάδνκαη-αγνξαδ-αγοραζηθνηκάκαη-θνηκ-θοηκεζδηεγνύκαη-δηεγ-δηεγεζ-

2. Place after the past stem the ending -εη and put the stress mark on the last syllable. Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2, archaic conjugation πιεξσζ-εί αγαπεζ-εί αγνξαζη-εί θνηκεζ-εί δηεγεζ-εί 3. Use the simple past of the auxiliary verb “έρσ” (είρα, είρεο, είρε, είρακε, είραηε, είραλ) before the verb. Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2, archaic conjugation είρα πιεξσζεί, είρεο πιεξσζεί, … είρα αγαπεζεί, είρεο αγαπεζεί, … έρσ αγνξαζηεί, είρεο αγνξαζηεί, … είρα θνηκεζεί, είρεο θνηκεζεί, … είρα δηεγεζεί, είρεο δηεγεζεί, … In the table below one verb of each group is conjugated: Group A, 1st conjugation Group B, 2nd conjugation, B1, B2, archaic conjugation είτα I had been paid είτα I had been loved είτες … είτες … είτε είτε πιερφζεί αγαπεζεί είτακε είτακε είταηε είταηε είταλ είταλ

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in digital form or any other form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the author Konstantinos Athanasiou.