Oligohydramnios 4i2v

Introduction Amniotic fluid has a number of important roles in embryo and subsequently fetal development. One of the main function is to permit fetal movement and the development of the musculoskeletal system. Other than that, swallowing of amniotic fluid by the fetus enhances the growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract. Which at the same ingestion of amniotic fluid provides some fetal nutrition and essential nutrients. In the other hand, amniotic fluid volume maintains amniotic fluid pressure thereby reducing the loss of lung liquid which is essential component to pulmonary development. It is also act as protector which protect the fetus from external trauma and protects the umbilical cord from compression. The nature of amniotic fluid which have constant temperature helps maintain the embryo's body temperature and it's bacteristatic properties reduces the potential for infection. Diagnosis Measurement of Amnionic Fluid Over the past decades, a number of sonographic methods have been used to measure the amount of amnionic fluid. Quantification is based from the amnionic fluid index (AFI). This is calculated by adding the vertical depths of the largest pocket in each of four equal uterine quadrants. Marks and Divon (1992) found oligohydramnios and defined it as an AFI of 5 cm or less. Classification Oligohydramnios can be divided into  

Early-Onset Oligohydramnios In general, oligohydramnios developing early in pregnancy is less common and frequently has a poor prognosis. Late Pregnancy Oligohydramnios Generally, it is associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes compared to normal AFI