Notes Islamiat Compulsory For First Year In English (objective + Subjective) 5m934

FOR

BY

Islamiat Inter

-2-

Ch # 1

Islamiat Inter

-3-

DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED FATHER & MY STUDENTS

Ch # 1

Islamiat Inter

-4-

Ch # 1

EXAMINATION PAPER, BISE LAHORE Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)

ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory) (Inter Part – I) 2011 (OBJECTIVE TYPE) Time Allowed:15 Minutes

Maximum Marks: 10

Note: Write answers to the questions on the objective answer sheet provided. Four possible answers A,B,C and D to each question are given. The answer you consider correct, fill the circle A,B,C,or D with pen or marker ink to each question on the answer sheet provided. 1. First of all acount of --- will be taken on the Day of Judgment: (a) Zakat (b) Fasting (c) Prayer (d) Pilgrimage 2. Nabi means: (a) Informer (b) Teacher (c) Messenger (d) Teller 3. The meaning of Prophethood is: (a) To worship (b) To obey (c) To it (d) To give message 4. The First Revelation came upon the Holy Prophet (SAW): (a) In Baitullah (b) In Arafat (c) In Cave Sowr (d) In Cave Hira 5. The literal meaning of Zakat is: (a) To decrease (b) To spend (c) To increase (d) To purify 6. The first Islamic faith is: (a) Oneness (b) Prayer (c) Fasting (d) Day of judgment 7. The preserved book is: (a) Taurat (b) Anjeel (c) Al-Bukhari (d) Holy Quran 8. The number of Pillars of Islam is: (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8 9. The Nisab of Gold is:

Islamiat Inter

-5-

Ch # 1

(a) Seven Tolas (b) Five Tolas (c) Eight Tolas (d) Seven and half Tolas 10. The first Muslim state was founded in: (a) Taaif (b) Baghdad (c) Makkah (d) Madina

Islamiat Inter

-6-

Ch # 1

Examination Paper, BISE Lahore Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)

ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory) (Inter Part – I) 2011 (ESSAY TYPE) Time Allowed:1:45 Minutes

Maximum Marks: 40

(PART-I) Note: Out of Q. No 1,2 and 3 write any twelve (12) short answers. While writing answer write Q. no. and its part carefully. Each part carries two marks. (24) 1.

(i)

Which is the sin, Allah Almighty does not excuse in any circumstances?

(ii)

Who is responsible for preservation of the Holy Quran?

(iii) What is the literal meaning of hereafter?

(iv) What is difference between Rasool and Nabi? (v)

Write any two effects about Faith of Tauheed on human life.

(vi) Which are two things necessary for eternal redemption? 2.

(i)

Write four benefits of Salat.

(ii)

Write two benefits of Hajj.

(iii) Write the kinds of jehad. (iv) Write two rights of Parents. (v)

What is meant by honesty?

(vi) What is meant by backbiting?

Islamiat Inter 3.

(i)

Translate:

(ii)

Translate:

-7-

Ch # 1

(iii) Write two books of Ahadith relating to Fiqaah Jaferia.

(iv) Write the name of the author of Sahifa-e-Sadiqa. (v)

What is Rishta-e-Muakhaat?

(vi) Write first two revealed Quranic Verses.

(PART – II) Note:

Attempt any TWO questions from the following.

4.

Describe the important characteristics of the Holy Quran. (8)

5. of

What is meant by Pillars of Islam? Write a note on any one them. (8)

6.

What do you know about editing of Quran-e-Majeed. (8)

Islamiat Inter

-8-

Ch # 1

EXAMINATION PAPER, BISE LAHORE Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)

ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory) (Inter Part – I) 2011 (OBJECTIVE TYPE) Time Allowed:15 Minutes

Maximum Marks: 10

Note: Write answers to the questions on the objective answer sheet provided. Four possible answers A,B,C and D to each question are given. The answer you consider correct, fill the circle A,B,C,or D with pen or marker ink to each question on the answer sheet provided. 1. The first revelation came upon the Holy Prophet (SAW) in: (a) Bait Ullah (b) Arafat (c) Hira Cave (d) Cave of Sowr 2. Heaven is under the feet of: (a) Teachers (b) Elders (c) Fathers (d) Mothers 3. Literal meaning of Jehad is: (a) To get knowledge (b) To earn (c) To try (d) To kill 4. Basic objective of fasting is: (a) To purify self (b) Co-operation (c) to get Taqwa (d) To help religion 5. The literal meaning of Zakat is: (a) To decrease (b) To spend (c) To increase(d) To purify 6. The meaning of Nabi is: (a) Teacher (b) Informer (c) Teller (d) Messenger 7. It is mentioned in the Holy Quran: (a) A few Prophets (b) All the Prophets (c) Six Prophets (d) Eleven Prophets 8. The kinds of neighbours are: (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 40 9. The number of Masaraf-e-Zakat are: (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 7 10. The author’s name of is: (a) Imam Malik (b) Imam Makhool (c) Hazart Ali (d) Imam Abu Hanifa

Islamiat Inter

-9-

Ch # 1

Examination Paper, BISE Lahore Roll No:____________ (to be filled in by the candidate)

ISLAMIC EDUCATION (Compulsory) (Inter Part – I) 2011 (ESSAY TYPE) Time Allowed:1:45 Minutes

Maximum Marks: 40

(PART-I)

Note: Out of Q. No 1,2 and 3 write any twelve (12) short answers. While writing answer write Q. no. and its part carefully. Each part carries two marks. (24) 1.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

Write two qualities of Prophets. Write two effects of Hereafter life on human life. Describe the meaning of Revelation. Write names of any two angels and their duties. Write two kinds of Shirk. Describe the instance of Belief and Action.

2.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

Write two benefits of Hajj. Write the pillars of Islam. What are the literal meaning of Taqwa? Lay down two aims of fasting. Translate the Kalma-e-Shahadat. Write two benefits of Zakat.

3.

(i)

Translate:

(ii)

Translate:

(iii) (iv)

What is meant by Sihah-e-Sitta? How did the Holy Prophet (SAW) practically perform equality? What is the best form of Zikr? What is meant by Tasbeeh-e-Fatima (R.A)?

(v) (vi)

(PART – II)

Note:

Attempt any TWO questions from the following.

Islamiat Inter 4. (8) 5. (8) 6.

-10-

Ch # 1

Describe the effects of Oneness of Allah on the human life.

Describe the individual and collective advantages of Salat. Narrate the benefits of Fasting.

(8)

Islamiat Inter

-11-

Ch # 1

CONTENTS S. No. 

PARTICULARS BOARD PAPERS

1.

FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS

2.

ISLAMIC IDENTITY

3.

USWA OF THE

Page # iii

1

55

145

HOLY PROPHET (PBUH)

4.

INTRODUCTION TO QURAN AND HADITH

169

Islamiat Inter

-12-

Ch # 1

CHAPTER 1

Islamiat Inter

-13-

Ch # 1

FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS The fundamental beliefs , which serve as the solid foundations of a religion, are called its doctrines (Articles of faith). Every action of man is motivated by his beliefs. These beliefs dominate his mind and heart and serve as incentives for his actions. Meaning and Definition: The root of the Arabic word (belief) is which means to tie a knot. Therefore means something knotted. “The firm and unchangeable beliefs of man are called .” Illustration and Importance of Belief: We can illustrate the importance of beliefs with the metaphor of seed. One's belief is like a seed and one's action is the plant growing out of this seed. Obviously the plant contains the characteristics possessed by the seed. Same is the relationship between one's belief and actions. The better the belief is, the nobler the action will be. It is for this reason that all the Prophets of Allah Almighty started their preaching with an effort to reform the basic beliefs. Fundamental Beliefs of Islam: The Holy Prophet Muhammad also emphasized the change of basic beliefs while taking up his mission. The fundamental beliefs (Articles of Faith) of Islam are, to believe in:  Oneness of Allah Almighty  Prophethood  Angels  Divine (Revealed) Books  The Day of Judgment. (Hereafter) These are told by the Holy Quran as:

Islamiat Inter

-14-

Ch # 1

But it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day, the Angels, the Book and the Messengers.

1. Oneness of Allah: Among the Islamic beliefs the first is "The Belief in the Oneness and Unity of Allah " . The root of the word (Oneness) is which means One, so means "Allah is One and Unique" and that human beings and all things are His humble creations and subordinates to Him. He alone is worthy of worship. He is the Creator and the Sustainer. The Holy Quran says:

Your God is One God; there is no God but He, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. All the Prophets, Hazrat Adam(A.S) to Hazrat

Muhammad

taught the Oneness of Allah.

2. Prophethood: According to the dictionary Prophethood means, "Communicating or imparting a message". In religious terminology a Prophet is he who is sent for propagating Allah's teachings to the people. Allah Almighty has sent about 124 thousand Prophets to this world to guide human beings to the straight path of life. The Prophets were intensely pious and upright men who received their instructions from the Almighty through revelation which means infusing into the heart. 3. Angels: is plural word of which means a messenger. The word is also used for angel. Like human beings,

Islamiat Inter

-15-

Ch # 1

angels are also creation of Allah Almighty. They are made of light . They are neither male nor female and only Allah Almighty knows the number of angels. They are always busy in doing the tasks assigned to them by Allah Almighty besides hymning His praises. To believe in Angels as a creation of Allah Almighty is a fundamental element of faith.

4. Divine (Revealed) Books: Belief in Revealed books is another fundamental belief of Islam. Allah Almighty has revealed books and Scrolls to his Messengers. It is necessary for a Muslim to have belief in these books. The books revealed to the Prophets contained the teachings and commands of Allah Almighty. The remarkable four books are: 

The Taurat

:

Revealed to Hazrat Musa (Moses) A.S. 

The Zabur

:

Revealed to Hazrat Daud (David) A.S.



The Injeel

:

Revealed to Hazrat Issa (Jesus) A.S. 

The Holy Quran

:

Revealed to Hazrat Muhammad

5. The World Hereafter (The Day of Judgment): The one of the most important articles of faith of a Muslim is “Belief in the Day of Judgment”. The word refers to that which comes after, the future or the last. It is the opposite of which denotes something closer or nearby. In religious it means that man does not perish altogether after death. But his spirit remains intact till the time when Allah Almighty will infuse that spirit in the dead body and will again revive it to reward or punish him for his good and bad actions. The virtuous people will

Islamiat Inter

-16-

Ch # 1

be granted a place in the paradise which is full of blessings of Allah Almighty. The evil people will be put in hell which is a place of torture as Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Is for the Righteous, they will be in Bliss; And the Wicked, they will be in the Fire.

ONENESS OF ALLAH : Among the Islamic beliefs the first is “Belief in Oneness of Allah .” This belief is not only the first and foremost belief of Islam but also the belief of the first man, Hazrat Adam A.S. Meaning of the word

:

The root of the word single. Therefore, the word

is which means one, means to consider one.

Definition: This belief means that we should accept that Allah Almighty is the Creator and sovereign of the entire universe and He is the only one fit and worthy to be worshiped. We should pray to Allah Almighty and obey His commands. Main Point of the Preaching of All the Prophets: All the Prophets from Hazrat Adam (A.S) to the last Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad preached Oneness of Allah Almighty Who created each and every object in the universe and all creatures live under His authority.

EXISTENCE OF ALLAH ALMIGHTY According to rational approach, nothing can come into existence without a maker or creator. Whenever we look at something, we always think of its creator. For

Islamiat Inter

-17-

Ch # 1

instance, we think of a builder when we see a house, while a watch reminds us of its maker otherwise we cannot justify its reality. Therefore, the universe draws our attention to its creator. Following are the points that make us on logical basis realize the existence of Allah Almighty:

Creation of the Universe: We cannot even imagine that a universe so large and compact can come into being without any creator. This well organized and well-coordinated world invites us to accept the existence of Allah Almighty. Allah says in the Holy Quran:

Can there be any doubt concerning Allah, the Creator of the Heavens and the earth? Systematic Arrangement in the Universe:

If we look, we see accuracy, harmony and precision in the universe. This organization and discipline assure us the existence of a creator. Allah Almighty says:

3 , 4

Who has made seven heavens one above the other. You will not see any flaw in the creation of the Most Kind. Just raise your looks again and see! do you see any crack (flaw) therein? Then look again and again, your look will come back to you defeated and fatigued. Movement of the Stars:

Islamiat Inter

-18-

Ch # 1

The sun and the moon are moving in their orbits. The sun does not enter the orbit of the moon and the moon does not move towards the sun. The day and night within their fixed schedules. The Holy Quran mentions:

It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. They all float each in an orbit. Specific Pattern in the Universe: In the universe things have been created in a specific proportion with perfect organization. As the Holy Quran declares:

Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure. Regularity of Day and Night: The regularity of day and night, the movement of the moon, the sun and the earth indicates the presence of a super and sublime power, governing it. In the Holy Quran, Allah Almighty says:

Behold! in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the alternation of the night and day, there are indeed Signs for men of understanding. Harmony and Artistry in the Creation of Universe: Harmony and strength of this universe also demonstrate that it is all the wisdom and skill of Allah Almighty. The Holy Quran declares:

Islamiat Inter

-19-

Ch # 1

(Such is) the artistry of Allah, Who dispose of all things in perfect order. Creation of Man: As the earth, the sky and the entire universe are evidence of the existence of Allah Almighty man also echoes this fact. The Holy Quran challenges the atheist in the following words:

Were they created of nothing, or were they themselves the creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, they have no firm belief. Human Nature: A study of history shows that the civilized as well as the savage had the concept of the belief in the existence of Omnipotent Allah. Archaeological research shows that even the primitive societies and nations believed in Allah in one form or another. So, it is clear that faith in Allah is a part of human nature. The Holy Qur'an declares:

Allah's handwork according to pattern on which he has made mankind. Signs Scattered on Earth and in Us: If we look around on the earth and also look into ourselves we shall come to know that there must be a creator. That is why it is said,

"He who recognizes himself recognizes God" The Holy Qur'an says:

Islamiat Inter

-20-

Ch # 1

On the earth are Signs for those of assured Faith. As also in your own selves; will ye not then see? The creator of the universe is only Allah: The creator of the universe is only Allah Almighty. This should be the inevitable conclusion of human thought. If there had been more than one God their collision and confrontation would result in the total collapse of the universe. The existence of the universe in an organized form is a proof that there is one Allah Almighty. The Holy Qur'an confirms thus:

If there were in the heavens and the earth, other gods besides Allah, there would have been confusion in both.

AL LAH ALMIGHTY AND HIS CHARACTERISTICS (Allah & His Attributes)

The belief in the Oneness of Allah Almighty calls for a faith in the existence of Allah Almighty with all His unique characteristics. We can say there are three types of Oneness : 1. Unique in Existence (being): Singleness of Allah's existence means that there is no one to share His entity and reality. No one is equal to Him. He has no parents and no offspring. As no one shares in the existence of Allah Almighty therefore Allah Almighty is neither the son nor daughter of any one nor does He have any son or daughter. Allah Almighty says thus:

Islamiat Inter

-21-

Ch # 1

Say: He is Allah. The One and Only. Allah, the Eternal, Absolute. He begeteth not, Nor is He Begotten. And there is none like unto Him.

2. Unique in Attributes: The unity of the characteristics of Allah Almighty means that Allah Almighty possesses power and characteristics which are found in no one else. He is unique in his knowledge, power, will, hearing, sight and all other qualities. Allah Almighty is unique in his characteristics because He created the entire Universe and is its Controller, Master and Sustainer. No other creature, whether an angel, a Prophet, a saint or a martyr can have such attributes as are special to Allah Almighty. The Holy Qur'an says:

There is nothing what ever like unto Him and He is the one that hears and sees (All things). 3. Unique Relating to the Implication of His Attributes:

Allah Almighty is the Nourisher and Provider of all His creations. It is imperative that mankind should refrain from equating Him with any other being or object and submit and pray only to Him in all humility. All the creatures are bound to bow and worship only Him and accept no one as the sharer of His power. As the Holy Qur'an declares:

And I Allah created not jinn and men but that they should worship Me (Alone).

SHIRK (Ascribing Partners to Allah Almighty)

Islamiat Inter

-22-

Ch # 1

The belief in the Oneness of Allah is the first and foremost belief. Shirk or the idea of any one sharing the authority of Allah is a later development. Meaning: Shirk literally means "Sharing" or "Partnership". Definition: In of religion, Shirk means to believe and accept some one as the sharer and partner of Allah Almighty in His entity or His characteristics or the demands thereof. Causes of Shirk: The first human being on the earth i.e. Hazrat Adam , the first Prophet, believed in the Oneness of Allah Almighty. He preached his fundamental belief to his offspring. As the human population increased and scattered, the people forgot the teachings of Hazrat Adam and started believing and worshipping many gods instead of one Allah Almighty. Following were the causes:  Fear: The people considered all horrible and powerful objects as gods and started idolizing them. They fashioned the god of fire, god of sea and god of winds.  Benefit: Similarly they also started worshipping useful objects like cow, rivers etc.

 Love and Respect: People also started worshiping their rulers out of love and respect. CONDEMNATION OF SHIRK: Allah Almighty sent many Prophets one after the other to remind the people of the belief in the Oneness of Allah Almighty and to condemn the idea of any one sharing the powers of Allah Almighty. A gist of the teachings of the Holy Qur'an is as under:

Islamiat Inter

-23-

Ch # 1

The Greatest Wrong: In the Holy Quran Shirk has been declared as great wrong. Allah Almighty says:

False worship is indeed the highest wrong doing. Unforgiveable Sin: In the Holy Quran Shirk has also been declared as the wrong that will not be forgiven.

Allah forgives not that equals should be set up with Him; but He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; Cause of Decline: According to the Holy Qur'an ascribing partner to Almighty Allah is the cause of dropping from the height.

And whoever associates anything with Allah; it is as though he had fallen from the sky. Deprives a man of Paradise: The person who ascribes partner to Almighty Allah remains deprived of Paradise as the Holy Qur'an says:

Certainly whosoever associates any one with Allah; Allah has forbidden Paradise to him. Abhorable Action: The Holy Qur'an has declared them as

O you who believe! The associators are simply unclean.

Islamiat Inter

-24-

Ch # 1

TYPES OF SHIRK There are three Types (categories) of shirk. 1.Shirk in The Entity of Allah: This means the belief in the existence of someone equal to Allah Almighty or having some physical or family relation to Him. One form of this belief is to accept some one as equal to Allah Almighty and the second form is to consider Allah Almighty as the offspring of someone or to consider someone as the offspring of Allah Almighty. Therefore, belief in the existence of two or more gods is Shirk. Similarly to consider some one as the son or daughter of Allah Almighty is also shirk. Allah Almighty says:

He begetteth not, nor is He begotten. And there is none like unto Him. 2. Shirk in The Characteristics of Allah:

This means that the belief that characteristics of Allah Almighty are possessed by someone else or to consider that someone else possesses the same knowledge, power and will similar to Allah Almighty or to consider some one Omnipotent as Allah Almighty is Shirk. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

There is nothing like Him. Every creature is dependent on Allah Almighty and all its qualities are granted by Allah Almighty. However, all characteristics of Allah Almighty are inherent and not granted by anyone else. 3. Shirk in the Demands of The Characteristics:

Islamiat Inter

-25-

Ch # 1

Allah Almighty possesses great qualities. The demand of these qualities is that only Allah Almighty is worthy of worship and obedience. Only Allah Almighty should be the center of our obedience and love, hope and fear. It should be our faith that Allah Almighty is the provider and sovereign. Man should follow the laws laid down by Allah Almighty. All other laws must be subservient to the laws of Allah Almighty. It is said in the Holy Quran:

And your Lord has commanded that you should worship none but Him alone.

And your Allah is One Allah, There is no God But He

And he who does not judge by that (Book) which Allah Almighty has sent down, it is those who are the wrongdoers.

The Command is for none but Allah Disadvantages of Shirk: Shirk affects human life badly. Man remains no supereme creature only because of Shirk. Following are some disadvantages of Shirk: 1. Loss of self-respect 2. Arrogance and Vanity (Proud Behaviour) 3. Narrow-mindedness 4. Cowardice 5. Pessimism 6. Sinful life

Islamiat Inter

-26-

Ch # 1

Allah Almighty must be considered as the real provider and we should offer thanks to Him sincerely. The expression of gratitude to Allah Almighty should be made in letter and spirit. We should worship only Allah Almighty and in our life we should never consider any one else as a sharer in the powers and authority of Allah Almighty. We should always take care that shirk is not only the worship of stone or wooden idols but also the belief that our needs can be fulfilled by someone other than Allah Almighty. In case of every difficulty we should seek the help and blessings of Allah Almighty, the most powerful and the most merciful. There are a large number of Muslims who verbally believe in Allah Almighty but they beg fellow human beings to help them in their problems like health, employment, offspring, etc, as if they had the same power and authority as possessed by Allah Almighty only. Allah Almighty describes this human weakness as under:

Yet they take (for worship) gods others than Allah, (Hoping) that they might be helped! They have not the power to help them' but they will be brought up (before Our judgment-seat) as a troop (to be condemned)

Or who is there that can provide you with sustenance if He were to withhold His Provision? THE EFFECTS OF THE BELIEF IN ONENESS OF ALLAH ON HUMAN LIFE

Islamiat Inter

-27-

Ch # 1

The belief in the Oneness of Allah brings about remarkable and revolutionary changes in the personality of man, described as under: 1. Self-respect: The belief in the Oneness of Allah Almighty creates self-respect in man who believes that his Creator, Master, Source of powers and Sovereign is Allah Almighty. A true believer bows only before Allah Almighty and fears only Him. He has no need to degrade himself by worshipping lifeless idols or powerful human beings. 2. Humbleness: Tauheed develops an attitude of humility because a true believer realizes that he is helpless before Allah Almighty and everything in his possession is a gift of Allah Almighty Who is the only provider as well as depriver. Therefore, there is no justification for man to show arrogance.

And the servants of ((Allah)) Most Gracious are those who walk on the earth in humility, 3. Broad-mindedness: A believer in the Oneness of Allah Almighty is never narrow-minded. He has firm faith in the mercy and beneficence of Allah Almighty Who is the Creator and Provider of the universe. As a result, a true believer possesses a universal sense of sympathy, love and service. He works for the betterment of mankind as his first and foremost ideal. 4. Courage and Determination Belief in Allah Almighty makes a man brave and determined. A true believer knows that Allah Almighty is Omnipotent and very object in the universe has been created by Him. Therefore, only Allah Almighty is fit to be worshipped and obeyed. This belief enables the believer not

Islamiat Inter

-28-

Ch # 1

to be afraid of anyone else. He becomes an embodiment of courage and determination. He is able to challenge and defy the greatest of tyrants. He becomes an image of the following verse of the Holy Quran:

Surely those who said: "Our Lord is Allah, "then held fast to it- they have nothing to fear nor shall they grieve. 5. Optimism and Contentment: A true believer is never disappointed and always waits for the blessings and help of Allah Almighty. He knows that Allah Almighty is always with him.

Despair not of the mercy of Allah. Allah Almighty is the Most Merciful and Beneficent and His blessings are numberless. When a man seeks blessings and help of Allah Almighty, he is full of contentment.

Listen carefully! Surely in the Remembrance of Allah alone there is the satisfaction of hearts. 6. Piety: The belief in Oneness of Allah Almighty creates piety in the heart of man. It is the faith of every true believer that Allah Almighty knows the innermost secrets of man. A man may be able to conceal his crimes from the eyes of other people but Allah Almighty always has the knowledge of his deeds as well as intentions. This faith prevents a man from committing sins in public or in private and encourages him to perform good deeds. A good human society is always based on good deeds of the people. A man

Islamiat Inter

-29-

Ch # 1

can perform good actions if his heart is enlightened with the power of true faith. 7. Unity and Brotherhood: Belief in Oneness of Allah Almighty purges human mind of all the prejudices of colour and creed. Thus all the believers become a brotherhood. As declared by the Holy Qur'an:

Verily all the faithful are brothers.

CONCLUSION: Faith and good actions are essential for our welfare and salvation. It has been repeatedly observed in the Holy Quran:

3 : Except such as have Faith, and do righteous deeds

As a tree is known by its root the faith is recognized by good action of a man. If a man claims that he possesses faith but his conduct and action is not good it means that he is not a true believer. The belief in the Oneness of Allah Almighty demands that one should perform good deeds and avoid committing evil deeds.

PROPHETHOOD Among Islamic beliefs Risalat or belief in Prophethood comes after the belief in the Oneness of Allah. MEANING: The word Risalat is an Arabic word. It means "communication of a message" and the messanger is called (Rasool). DEFINITION:

Islamiat Inter

-30-

Ch # 1

In religious Prophethood means the office of a Messenger or Prophet sent by Allah Almighty to mankind to convey His religious teachings. He sent more than one hundered thousand Prophets to this world. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RASOOL

AND NABI

:

Rasool means messenger. Rasool is also called "Nabi". The word Nabi means informer (news-giver). As Rasool informs the people of the commands of Allah Almighty he is also called a "Nabi". Rasool is the Nabi who is granted with a revealed book. Nabi is to follow the teachings of the book revealed to any of the Rasools. A Nabi is not given a book. BELIEF IN PROPHETHOOD: The Prophets are very noble and pious of their society, who received revelation from Allah Almighty containing His orders. The first among them was Hazrat Adam

, while the last one is our Holy Prophet

Hazrat Muhammad . These Prophets came to the world to guide human beings to the straight path of life. The Holy Qur'an declares:

And there is not a nation but a Warner hath ed among them (in the past). To have belief in all the Prophets is an important belief among the basic pillars of faith in Islam. In the chain of Prophets the last one is Hazrat Muhammad who concluded this chain. Now all the people of the world are bound to follow the teachings of the last Prophet. However, every Muslim is required to believe in the Prophethood of all the Prophets without any discrimination.

Islamiat Inter

-31-

Ch # 1

We make no distinction (they say) between one and another of His Messengers. It is necessary that we acknowledge that all the Prophets are true and pious and worthy of our respect. Islam does not allow recognizing certain Prophets and rejecting others. This is a heresy Allah says:

Those who deny Allah and His Messengers, and (those who) wish to separate Allah from His Messengers, say: "We believe in some, but reject others" and (those who) wish to take a course midway. They are in truth (equally) unbelievers. The Revelation "WAHI"

:

Wahi " " means to hint at or secretly suggest something to a person. In Islamic "Wahi" is that message of Allah Almighty which is revealed to a Prophet directly (either placed directly in his heart or transmitted to him by a voice from behind a veil) or through an angel. The Holy Qur'an tells:

It is not fitting for a man that Allah should speak to him except by inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by the sending

Islamiat Inter

-32-

Ch # 1

of a Messenger to reveal, with Allah’s permission what God wills. PROPHETS MENTIONED IN THE HOLY QUR'AN:

Allah Almighty sent Prophets for the guidance of different nations in the world. It is said in the Holy Quran:

For We assuredly sent amongst every People a messenger According to certain narrations the number of Prophets inducted in the world is 124000. However, only a few Prophets have been mentioned by name in the Holy Quran:

We did aforetime send Messengers before thee of them there are some whose story. We, have related to thee, and some whose story. We have not related to thee. IMPORTANCE: (THE NEED FOR A PROPHET) Allah Almighty has sent Prophets at all times since the first Prophet Hazrat Adam. The purpose was to educate the people against their arch enemy devil (Satan). Following points will clarify it. DEMONSTRATION THROUGH MAN Allah Almighty delegated Prophets for the guidance of mankind from amongst human beings because they can only be properly guided by a man like them. The following verse of the Holy Quran indicates the wisdom of revealing the message of Allah Almighty to a Prophet:

Islamiat Inter

-33-

Ch # 1

And We have sent down unto thee (also) the Message; that thou mayest explain clearly to men what is sent for them.

The Holy Prophet was required to present himself as a living model and an ideal man during his life time. Not only was he responsible to convey the message of Allah Almighty but he was also responsible to reform human life according to this message. ESTABLISHMENT OF MODEL SOCIETY: The communication of the message of Allah Almighty could be accomplished through angels but mere communication was not the real object. It was essential to ensure full compliance of the commands of Allah Almighty that this message should be conveyed to human beings by a man who, despite being a perfect man, may face the problems and difficulties experienced by ordinary human beings. It was expected of him that he would constitute a model society based on the system of life laid down by the divine message. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPHETS Allah Almighty sent Prophets to all the nations in all parts of world. They were granted different qualities according to their time and area. However all the Prophets had some common qualities, these are: 1. AS A MAN: Allah Almighty has always bestowed Prophethood upon human beings. An angel or Jin (Giant) was never chosen to act as a Prophet. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Nor did We send before thee (As Messengers) any but men, whom We did inspire. Although Prophets are human beings yet Allah Almighty blesses them with such qualities as are not found in other human beings. Some people had the wrong

Islamiat Inter

-34-

Ch # 1

impression that a Prophet should be an angel instead of a human being. Allah Almighty has corrected this idea in the following verse:

Say If there were settled, on earth, angels walking about in peace and quiet, We should certainly have sent them down from the heavens an angel for a Messenger. 2. HOLDER OF TRUST: Prophethood is a trust which is a gift of Allah Almighty and cannot be attained by a person by virtue of his diligence and struggle. This status also cannot be obtained through prolonged worship or fasting. This is simply a gift of Allah Almighty granted to a person who wins His blessing:

Such is the Bounty of Allah Almighty, which He bestows on whom He will. However, the status of Prophethood was granted to only those persons who possessed sublime qualities of virtue piety, wisdom, courage and determination. 3. PREACHER OF ALLAH:

The teachings and commands conveyed to the people by a Prophet are revealed by Allah Almighty. The Prophet is an interpreter of Allah Almighty and he never expresses anything on his own. It is said in the Holy Quran.

He who obeys the Messenger, obeys Allah.

Islamiat Inter

-35-

Ch # 1

4. INNOCENCE: All Prophets of Allah Almighty are innocent. Their teachings and their actions are free from the influence and interference of Satan and purely guided by Allah. The character of a Prophet is always spotless. He is a perfect human being who possesses extra-ordinary spiritual power. A Prophet is never misled by sensual desires.

Nor does he say (aught) of (his own) Desire it is no less than inspiration sent down to him. 5. WORTHY OF OBEDIENCE: Prophets are worthy of our obedience. Allah Almighty says thus:

We sent not any Messenger, but to be obeyed, in accordance with the Will of Allah. A Prophet shows us the path prescribed by Allah Almighty. His obedience is in fact, the submission to the will of Allah Almighty. 6. MODEL FOR HIS FOLLOWERS: A Prophet is an exponent of the divine book. He is a teacher and guide of his Ummah. His life is a model for his followers. He acts as an interpreter of Allah's laws and serves as a judge and a ruler.

Surely you have an excellent example for your guidance in (the life of) the Messenger of Allah.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPHETHOOD OF HAZRAT MUHAMMAD

Islamiat Inter

-36-

Ch # 1

The chain of Prophets which began with Hazrat Adam culminated with the Prophethood of Hazrat

Muhammad . He is the last Prophet of Allah Almighty who possessed all the accomplishments separately granted to Prophets before him. The Prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad bears many qualities. Some of these characteristics are described as under: 1. UNIVERSALITY:

The Prophets coming before Hazrat Muhammad were deputed to serve a particular nation or a particular country. The Prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad is meant for all mankind and for all times to come till the day of judgment Allah Almighty says:

Say O men! I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of Allah, to Whom belongeth 2. CANCELLATION OF THE PREVIOUS SHARIAHS:

With the advent of the Holy Prophet the previous Shariahs enforced by Prophets before him stand cancelled. The human beings are bound to act upon the

Shariah enforced by Hazrat Muhammad Almighty says:

Allah

If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah Almighty) never will it be accepted of him. 3. CONCLUSION OF PROPHETOOD:

Islamiat Inter

-37-

Ch # 1

With Hazrat Muhammad the Deen (religion) of Allah Almighty was finally revealed in its entirety. This Deen i.e, Islam is meant for all mankind for all times to come. No other religion is now needed for the guidance of man. Allah Almighty says:

This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. 4. PRESERVATION OF THE HOLY QURAN: The divine books revealed to other Prophets are either non-existent or have been subjected to tampering and alterations on a large scale. It is very difficult to derive proper guidance from these books as these are a mixture of right and wrong teachings. However, the Holy Quran revealed to Hazrat Muhammad is intact in its original form. Its protection is promised by Almighty:

Verily, it is We Who revealed this reminder (The Holy Quran) and verily We are its guardian. Even after a age of more than fourteen hundred years there has not been a change of a single letter in its original text. Not only is the Holy Quran preserved in the written form but it is also preserved in the hearts and minds of millions of people. 5. PRESERVATION OF THE SUNNAH: Besides the Holy Quran، Allah Almighty has provided the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet and Suhabas, Mohadiseen and Aima Ikrams preserved it with care. There was a large number of Mohadiseen working for the

Islamiat Inter

-38-

Ch # 1

preservation of the Sunnah. As Sunnah is, in fact, an explanation and clarification of the teachings of the Holy Quran it is bound to be preserved like the Holy Quran till the day of judgment. 6. VAST SCOPE AND APPLICATION: The teachings of the Holy Prophet are not theoretical but completely feasible. He always practically followed what he preached. When we look at his life, we see that he possessed the best pattern of behaviour in all aspects of life. He was a model for his followers in his married life, conduct of political affairs, treatment with the children or the older people, his conduct during peace or war, conduct of religious rites or conduct of public affairs, his dealings with his relatives or neighbours. Allah says:

And we have sent down this Book explaining in detail everything,

7. THE CULMINATION OF PROPHETHOOD: The chain of Prophets which started with the advent of Hazrat Adam and followed by many Prophets was finalized by Hazrat Muhammad . Prior to his induction as the last Prophet, there were many Prophets who enforced their religious systems according to the divine books revealed on them including some of the Prophets who followed the divine books and religious systems introduced by their predecessors. This chain of Prophethood culminated with Hazrat Muhammad upon whom a comprehensive and eternal book was revealed to enforce a perfect religious system. He is the last Prophet and exponent of a perfect Deen (Religion).

Islamiat Inter

-39-

Ch # 1

Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah and the Seal (the last one) of all the Prophets.

8. PREDICTED BY THE PRIVIOUS PROPHETS: It is a speciality of the Holy Prophet that All the Prophets before him predicted his arrival. Hazrat Musa, Hazrat Isa and all others

told their followers

about the forthcoming Prophrt Hazrat Muhammad

.

9. BEST PATTERN of LIFE:

It is the specialty of the Prophethood of Muhammad

Surely you have an excellent example for your guidance in (the life of) the Messenger of Allah Almighty. 10. The Best Ummah: The followers of Hazrat Muhammad the best Ummah by the Holy Qur'an.

are called

You are the best community

THE CULMINATION OF PROPHETHOOD

Meaning and Definition:

In Arabic

means to seal, to close, to bring to end,

to accomplish a task. The culmination of Prophethood means that the chain of Prophets which started with the

Islamiat Inter

-40-

Ch # 1

advent of Hazrat Adam and followed by many Prophets

was finalized with Hazrat Muhammad . Prior to his induction as the last Prophet there were many Prophets who enforced their religious systems according to the divine books revealed on them including some of the Prophets who followed the divine books and religious systems introduced by their predecessors. This chain of Prohethood culminated with Hazrat Muhammad upon whom a comprehensive and eternal book was reveled to enforce a perfect religious system. He is the last Prophet and Exponent of a perfect Deen (Religion). QURANIC EVIDENCES: The religious system brought by Hazrat Muhammad

has cancelled all the previous systems of religion. After him no Prophet is to be deputed because: 1. Allah Almighty has deputed him as a Prophet for the guidance of entire mankind. His Prophethood and his teachings are meant for all the nations and for all the human beings of all ages till the Day of Judgment.

Say O men! I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of Allah Almighty, to Whom belongeth 2. Allah Almighty has completed the revelation of Deen on him in its perfect form. Therefore, no Prophet is needed after him.

This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.

Islamiat Inter

-41-

Ch # 1

3. Allah Almighty has guaranteed the preservation of the Holy Quran revealed on him and as such, there has not been any tampering or alteration of a single letter in its text. The entire text of the Holy Quran is preserved in the printed form but also preserved in the memory of Huffaz.

The teachings of the Holy Prophet are also available in their true form, serving as a source of guidance for the entire world.

Verily, it is We Who revealed this reminder (The Holy Quran) and verily We are its guardian. Hence, no Prophet will be sent after him and the people who wish to follow the right path are required to have faith in the last Prophet and follow the course of conduct prescribed by him. HADITH ABOUT CULMINATION OF PROPHETHOOD 1. In Hadith the Holy Prophet said that the Prophets sent before him were part of a building which remained incomplete for want of a brick in one corner. With his advent the building took its perfect and complete form because he was the last brick. 2. In another Hadith the Prophet of Allah Almighty said that among Bani Israel when a Prophet, sent to guide them, died another Prophet succeeded him. But after him there was no Prophet. BELIEF OF THE COMPANIONS All the companions of the Holy Prophet were unanimous in the view that no Prophet would follow Hazrat Muhammad . That is why, the first caliph Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique and the companions of the Holy Prophet

fought against those who claimed to be

Islamiat Inter

-42-

Ch # 1

Prophets. CONSENSUS OF THE UMMAH: The belief in the finality of Prophethood is proved by the Holy Quran, Hadith and consensus of the Ummah. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah Almighty, and the Seal of the Prophets. All the exegetists have interpreted the word the above verse as the Last Prophet.

in

ANGELS The word is plural of which means a messenger. The word is also used for angels because it also literally means a messenger. The angels are called and because they act as messengers between Allah Almighty and His creatures. It is necessary to believe in the angles as we believe in Tauheed and Risalat. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

But it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day and the Angles, and the Books and the Messengers REALITY OF ANGELS: The angels are born out of heavenly light and they are running the world under orders of Allah Almighty. The number of angels is known to Allah Almighty only. They can neither be called god or goddesses nor they can be considered as Allah Almighty's daughters. The commands of Allah Almighty are transmitted to them through

Islamiat Inter

-43-

Ch # 1

intuition and they carry out these orders throughout the universe. FOUR ARCHANGELS There are four Archangels who are superior in rank to others. They are: Hazrat Gabriel:

He brings Allah's message, commandments and scriptures to his Prophets. Some other duties are also assigned to him. Hazrat Michael: He is responsible for sending rain and food to Allah's creatures. He is assisted by a number of other angels who carry out his commands. Hazrat Azrael: He is appointed to draw the souls of the living bodies at their appointed times. Hazrat Israfeel:

He will blow the trumpet on the day of Ressurection. OTHER KNOWN ANGELS There are some other known angels deputed by Allah Almighty to perform certain duties. They are: Kiraman Katibeen. The angels who are appointed to take down the deeds of humanbeings are called Kiraman Katibeen. Nakirain: The angels deputed to ask questions in the grave are called Nakirain (Munkir & Nakir) Guard of Paradise:

Rizwan is the angel appointed as the Guard of Paradise.

Islamiat Inter

-44-

Ch # 1

Guard of Hell: Malik is the Guard of Hell.

DIVINE BOOKS It has already been explained that faith in all the Prophets is necessary to become a true Muslim. Faith in Prophets means that we should accept them and their teachings as true. The books revealed to the Prophets contained the teachings and commands of Allah Almighty. Therefore, faith in Prophets also requires faith in the books revealed to them. Allah Almighty describes the faithful as under:

And who believe in the Revelation sent to thee, and before their time. Famous Divine Books: There are many divine books of which the following four are very famous: 1. The Taurat : Revealed to Hazrat Musa(Moses) A.S.

Indeed We sent down the Torah wherein is guidance and light 2. The Zabur : Revealed to Hazrat Daud (David) A.S.

And We bestowed upon David the Book Zabur.(Psalms) 3.

The Injeel

:

Revealed to Hazrat Issa (Jesus) A.S.

Islamiat Inter

-45-

Ch # 1

And We gave to him the Gospel in which there was guidance and light. 4.

The Holy Quran

:

Revealed to Hazrat Muhammad

No doubt, the Qur'an guides to a path that is straightest.

Apart from these divine books, Scrolls were revealed on Hazrat Ibrahim and Adam and others Prophets. Teachings of Revealed Books:

In all these books the fundamental articles of relgion like Oneness of Allah Almighty, His Characteristics, worship of Allah Almighty, faith in Prophethood, faith in the Day of Judgment and reward and punishment for actions were common. However, in view of the changing demand of different ages separate and different codes of Shariah were prescribed in these books. Importance of the Holy Qur'an:

The books following the earlier ones cancelled the laws prescribed by the previous books. Similarly the Holy Quran which was revealed last of all cancelled all the Shariahs prescribed by the previous divine books. Now it is obligatory to follow only the laws laid down by the Holy Quran. The faith in the previous divine books means that those were true books but the laws prescribed to them have since been superseded by the laws of the Holy Quran.

Islamiat Inter

-46-

Ch # 1

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LAST DIVINE BOOK

The main characteristics of the Holy Quran are as under: 1. The Last Book: The Holy Quran is the last divine book revealed to

the last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad by Allah Almighty. It will remain a permanent source of guidance for all mankind till the Day of Judgment. 2. Its Preservation: As the Holy Quran is a permanent source of guidance for the entire mankind. Till the day of judgment its preservation has been guaranteed by Allah Almighty. Allah Almighty says:

We have without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly Guard it (from corruption) That is why even after the age of fourteen hundred years every word of the Holy Quran exists in its original form. Allah Almighty has provided for its preservation in such a way that it has become safe from tampering for all times to come whereas other divine books have been subjected to drastic alteration and tampering. These books do not exist in their original form but the Holy Quran is intact without any change and will remain as such till the day of judgment. 3. Its Living Language: The Holy Quran has been revealed in Arabic which is a living language. Arabic is one of the major languages of the world and is spoken as national language in more than twenty countries. The languages of the previous divine books are dead and no longer spoken and scarcely understood. According to traditions the language of the Holy Qur'an will be the language of Paradise . The Holy Qur'an declares:

Islamiat Inter

-47-

Ch # 1

Surely We have sent down this Qur'an in the Arabic tongue so that you may understand. 4. Its Universality: A study of other heavenly books shows that those were meant for a particular country or a particular nation. The Holy Quran is a message of guidance for the whole mankind. The words (O People) indicate that all the people of the world have been addressed and guided. This is universal book whose teachings are applicable and practicable in every age throughout the world. The teachings of the Holy Quran are natural and man of every age feels as if these were revealed for him. Its teachings are rational and are equally beneficial for every nation, every country and people living in any environment.

It is not but a message of guidance to all mankind. It is Comprehensive: Of the previous divine books some consisted of moral teachings, some were collections of hymns and prayers, some dealt with matters of religious law only, some explained beliefs and some related historical events. However, the Holy Quran is a comprehensive book which deals with every aspect of life and provides guidance to man. Its contents pertain to beliefs and actions, morals and spirituality, desription of historical events and hymns and prayers. 5.

And We have not omitted anything in the Book. 6. It is rational and logical: In the previous divine books there are portions (presumeably added later on) which contained vulgar and

Islamiat Inter

-48-

Ch # 1

immoral material. The Holy Quran is free from such contents and there is nothing in the text which may be considered irrational or illogical. The Holy Quran teaches respect for all the Prophets of Allah Almighty who were very virtuous and pious people. It has been made clear that any derogatory remarks about the Prophets made in the previous divine books were false and unsubstantial. 7. It is a miracle: The Holy Quran is a master piece of eloquence unmatched by the most eloquent speakers of Arabia and Persia. The Holy Quran has challenged its opponents to produce a single verse identical to any Quranic verse but no one succeeded in doing so. The text of the Holy Quran has been revealed by Allah Almighty and not composed by any man. It is therefore, impossible for a man to compose a single verse equal in worth to any verse of the Holy Quran.

Then bring just one chapter like it In short the Holy Qur'an is a matchless book. There is no any book that can be considered its match. Knowledge of everything is present in this single book. This is a complete code of life and a perfect guide not only to this worldly life but also the life hereafter.

THE BELIEF IN THE WORLD HEREAFTER The belief in the world hereafter is one of the fundamental beliefs of Islam. MEANINGS: The word means anything which happens afterwards. Opposite to this the word means something nearby. DEFINITION:

Islamiat Inter

-49-

Ch # 1

Technically the belief in the world hereafter means that a man does not become permanently extinct after his death. But his spirit remains intact till the time when Allah Almighty will infuse that spirit in the dead body and will again revive it to reward or punish him for his good and bad actions. The virtuous people will be granted a place in the paradise which is full of gifts and blessings of Allah Almighty. The evil people will be put in hell which is a place of torture. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Is for the Righteous, they will be in Bliss; And the Wicked they will be in the Fire SUMMARY OF THE QURANIC TEACHINGS With reference to the belief in the world hereafter the teachings of the Holy Quran are summarized as under: 1. The worldly life of man is followed by the life of the world hereafter. The life in the world is temporary and the life in the world hereafter is permanent. The consequences of all the actions of man do not arise completely in this temporary life of the world. The real consequences are faced by man in the life in the world hereafter. 2. As every object existing in this world has a fixed age and expires after its prescribed limit similarly the entire system of the universe has fixed age after which it will expire and will be replaced by another system. 3. When the system of this world is destroyed and is replaced by another system man will again be granted a new physical life. He will appear before a great court and will be answerable and able for all his actions. He will be rewarded for good deeds and will be punished for his misdeeds. THE DOUBTS OF NON-BELIEVERS: In the Holy Quran the doubts of non-believers regarding the world hereafter have been told in a very logical and convincing manner. Their doubts have been reproduced in the Holy Quran as under:

Islamiat Inter

-50-

Ch # 1

Will we be born again? The heathens of Makkah did not believe in the world hereafter. They were in doubt that there will be nothing after death.

And they say "What when we lie, hidden and lost, in the earth, shall we indeed be in a Creation renewed"? Who will give new birth? They were doubtful that no one will be able to recreate them when they will be in the form of destroyed bones.

He says “Who can give life to (dry) bones and decomposed ones (at that)”? No need of new life: They do not want to be reborn. They were contented with one birth.

And they (some times) say: “There is nothing except our life on this earth, and never shall we be raised up again”. QUR'ANIC ANSWERS TO THEIR DOUBTS: To remove their doubts Allah Almighty told them that He created them out of nothing. Allah Almighty, the Omnipotent who has the power to create them out of nothing has also the power to give them fresh life after their death if He wills to do so. 1.

It is He who begins (the process of) creation, then repeats it.

Islamiat Inter

-51-

Ch # 1

2.

Says, He will give them life Who created them for the first time

3.

How can you reject the Faith in Allah? Seeing that you were without life, and he gave you life; then will he cause you to die, and will again bring you to life; and again to Him will you return. Demand of Reason: A reasonable and rational thinking on the part of man leads him to believe in the world hereafter. Every person its that a good action is always rewarded and a bad action results in the punishment of the wrong doer. However, the consequences of all our action do not appear in this world. Sometimes a person who spends all his life in committing evil deeds remains free from punishment in this world. Sometimes, it happens that pious people were tortured to death or live a miserable life instead of getting reward for their good deeds. The criminals go unpunished for their sins and crimes. Is there no justice proportionate to the good and evil deeds of human beings in this world and the world hereafter? Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Did ye then think that we had created you in jest, and that ye would not be brought back to Us (for )

Islamiat Inter

-52-

Ch # 1

When we think over this aspect we cannot help believing that life in the world hereafter is a reality where people will be rewarded or punished for their good or bad deeds. The virtuous will be rewarded generously and the wicked will be punished severely, excepting those forgiven by Allah Almighty. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BELIEF IN THE WORLD HEREAFTER The belief in the world hereafter is an important part of the teachings of Islam. Its significance has been emphasized in the Holy Quran. The Real Virtue:

To have belief in the World hereafter is a virtue in reality.

But it is righteousness to believe in Allah Almighty and the last day Symbol of the Faithful: In Sura Baqara the virtuous have been defined as: 4 :

And (in their hearts) have assurance of the Hereafter. Rule of Law: Without a faith in the world hereafter a man is likely to fall a prey to selfishness and self-indulgence, forgetting altogether the demands of culture, nobility and justice. This would mean the rule of jungle over human society. Sense of Purposeful Life: The belief in the world hereafter inculcates a sense of reward and punishment in human beings for their good

Islamiat Inter

-53-

Ch # 1

or bad deeds. This promotes kindness and discourages wickedness. Hatred for Sins: A person who believes in the world hereafter is conscious of the consequences of his action in this world as well as the consequences likely to appear in the next world. He is as sure of the deadly effects of his sins as he is sure of similar effects of poison and fire. As food and water are essential to preserve life similarly good deeds are essential for his salvation and welfare in the world hereafter. THE EFFECTS OF THE BELIEF IN THE WORLD HEREAFTER ON HUMAN LIFE

The belief in the world hereafter exercises deep influences on the life of a man. Some of these are described as under: 1. Desire to Do Good: A person who believes in the life hereafter knows that all his deeds committed in public or in private are recorded and preserved. This record will be produced before Allah Almighty who will dispense justice on the day of judgment. The record of actions of a man will be weighed in a balance and the weight of his good deeds and bad deeds will decide as to whether he will be sent to paradise or put to hell. 2. Desire to Avoid Sin: The belief in the world hereafter enables a man to hate evil deeds because he knows that as a result of misdeeds he will have to suffer torture of hell such a person likes to perform good deeds in the hope as generous reward. 3. Spirit of Courage and Sacrifice: Fear of mortality makes a man coward. When man realizes and believes that the life in this world is temporary which is to be followed by a permanent and eternal life in

Islamiat Inter

-54-

Ch # 1

the world hereafter he becomes bold and fearless. He is not reluctant even to sacrifice his life in the way of Allah Almighty. He knows that death on the right path is not permanent but is to be rewarded with a successful and fruitful life in the world hereafter. This belief promotes a spirit of bravery and sacrifice in the believers and results in developing peace and goodness in society. 4. Tolerance: The belief in the world hereafter creates a sense of tolerance in a man. He knows that Allah Almighty will ultimately reward him for the hardships borne in the cause of righteousness. This enables him to face every difficulty and hardship with patience and forbearance. 5. Monetary Sacrifice: This belief makes a person indifferent to money and wealth. He believes that real life of man is the life in the world hereafter. Therefore, he is not greedy and miserly and spends his money generously because he knows that Allah Almighty will reward him for his monetary sacrifice. He knows that the symbol of the faithful is to spend in the way of Allah Almighty. As mentioned in the holy Qur’an:

)3:‫ن (البقرۃ‬ َ ‫َو ِم َّما َر َز ْق ٰنهُ ْم یُ ْنفِقُ ْى‬ and spend out of what we have provided for them;

6.

Sense of Responsibility: This belief develops a sense of responsibility in a person. A true believer knows that it is a crime to neglect his duties and he will be penalized in the next world for this negligence. The sense of responsibility enables the man to perform his duties honestly. In this way he fulfills his obligations towards men as well as towards Allah Almighty. As it is said in the holy Qur’an:

Islamiat Inter

-55-

Ch # 1

And no person earns anything but it is on his own ; and no bearer of burden shall bear the burden of another. 7. Sincerity in Worship: The fear of world hereafter keeps a man away from show off. His deeds and actions are always sincere. He avoids materialism and has faith in real piety. 

Islamiat Inter

-56-

Ch # 1

SHORT QUESTIONS 1.1.

Write literal meanings of AQEEDAH.

Formatted: Bullets and Numbering

Ans: The word Aqeedah is derived from Aqd that means to tie a knot and the word Aqeedah means something knotted. 2.2.

Define AQEEDAH.


Ans: The solid and firm ideas of man that become base for actions are called Aqeedah. 3.3.

What was reformed first by the Prophets?


Ans: All the Prophets of Allah Almighty started their preaching with an effort to reform the basic beliefs.

4.4.

Translate the Verse of Virtue.


Ans: But it is the righteous to believe in Allah Almighty and the last day and the angels and the book and the messengers. 5.5.

Define SHIRK FIL ISTEAANAT.


Ans: Seeking help from any one other than Allah Almighty is called Shirk fil Isteaanat. 6.6.

Write four common characteristics of Divine Books.


Ans: Tauheed, attributes of Allah Almighty, Concept of Aakhirat and description of morality.

7.7.

Write names of three people who falsely claimed themselves as Prophets.


Ans: Muselma Kadhab, Aswad Ansi, Sujah bint Haris, and Ghulam Ahmed Qadiyani.

8.8.

In which battles angels helped Muslims?


Ans: Badr, Al Ahzab, Hunain. 9.9.

Write two impacts of belief in Hereafter on Practical life.

Ans: Inspiration for doing good, correct use of blessings.


Islamiat Inter

-57-

Ch # 1

10.10. Define Oneness in Person (Existence). Ans: To believe Allah Almighty as unique in person is called Tauheed fil Zat. 11.11. What is Dualism (Thanviat) and whose faith is this? Ans: It means belief in two gods. This is the belief of Zartasht. 12.12. Differentiate between Rasool and Nabi. Ans: Rasool is granted the book while the Nabi is without book. 13.13. What is the difference between the Book and the Scroll? Ans: The book contains guidance for the whole life while the scroll contains only a few commandments. 14.14. What is the literal meanings of SHIRK? Ans: It means to or partnership. 15.15. What is meant by belief in the Culmination of Prophethood? Ans: To believe Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as Allah’s last messenger is called Khatam e Nabuwat. 16.16. Write four important characteristics of the Holy Qur’an? Ans: i. Universal Book ii. Preserved Book iii. Comprehensive Book iv. Its Living Language 17.17. What is meant by belief in the Life Hereafter? Ans: It means to believe that this worldly life is not permanent and everyone will have to die and will be answerable for his deeds on the day of judgment. 18.18. Define Oneness in worship. Ans: It means to worship Allah Almighty only. 19.19. Define Shirk. Ans: In of religion, Shirk means to believe and accept someone as the sharer and partner of Allah











Islamiat Inter

20.20. Ans: 21.21. Ans: 22.22. Ans:

23.23. Ans:

24.24. Ans: 25.25. Ans:

26.26. Ans: 27.27. Ans: 28.28. Ans: 29.29.

-58-

Ch # 1

Almighty in His entity or His characteristics or the demands thereof. Write the translation of a Qur’anic Verse about the Existence of Allah Almighty. Can there be any doubt concerning Allah, the Creator of the Heavens and the earth? What are literal meanings of Risalat? It means to convey a message. Define Belief in Angels. To believe that the angels are the creature of Allah Almighty created by from heavenly light (Noor). They abide by the commands of Allah. Write down two objections of Non-believers on the Life Hereafter. Will we be born again? ii.Who will give new birth? Write the translation of a Verse about Belief in Oneness. Say Allah is one. What is Shirk in Characteristics? This means that the belief that characteristics of Allah Almighty are possessed by someone else or to consider that someone else possesses the same knowledge, power and will similar to Allah Almighty. Write two common characteristics of Prophets. Manhood and Innocence Who are Karaman Katebeen? Karaman Katebeen are the angels appointed to record one’s actions. What is Trinity and whose faith is this? Trinity means to believe in three gods and it is the faith of the Christians. What is Oneness in actions?











Islamiat Inter

-59-

Ch # 1

Ans: It means that Allah Almighty possesses power and characteristics which are found in no one else. He is unique in his knowledge, power, will, hearing, sight and all other qualities. 30.30. Write two characteristics of Muhammadan Prophethood. Ans: i. Universality ii. Culmination of Prophethood 31.31. Write the translation of a Qur’anic Verse in condemnation of Shirk. Ans: False worship is indeed the highest wrong doing. 32.32. What is meant by Aalam e Barzukh? Ans: The time span between death and rebirth is called Aalam e Barzukh. 33.33. How many times the Trumpet (on the day of Judgment) will be blown and who will blow? Ans: The trumpet will be blown twice by Hazrat Israfil. 34.34. To whom the four Divine Books were revealed? Ans: The Taurat : Revealed to Hazrat Musa(Moses) A.S. The Zabur: Revealed to Hazrat Daud (David) A.S. The Injil : Revealed to Hazrat Issa (Jesus) A.S. The Holy Quran:Revealed to Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) 35.35. Write down two types of Shirk. Ans: Shirk fil Zat (Shirk in The Entity of Allah Almighty) Shirk fil Siffat (Shirk in The Characteristics of Allah Almighty) 36.36. What is meant by Open (Jalli) and Secret (Khaffi) Shirk? Ans: Open Shirk means ascribing Partener to Allah Almighty openly and Secret Shirk means to do the same secretly.








Islamiat Inter

-60-

Ch # 1

37.37. Whose title is Jad ul Anbiya (Forefather of Prophets)? Ans: Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) is called the forefather of the Prophets. 38.38. What is Bible? Ans: Combination of Torat and Injil is called Bible. 39.39. What does the word Adam mean? Ans: It means wheat coloured. 40.40. Whose title is Malk ul Mot (The Angel of death)? Ans: Hazrat Izrael is also called Mal ul Mot (The angel of death). 41.41. Who was called the son of Allah Almighty by Jews? Ans: Hazrat Uzair (A.S) was called the son of Allah Almighty by Jews. 42.42. What are the literal meanings of Wahee? Ans: It means to signal or to suggest something secretly. 43.43. What are the literal meanings of the word Rasool? Ans: It means the one who conveys the message. 44.44. Which caliph did fight against false Prophets? Ans: Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) fought against false Prophets. 45.45. Which Prophet is called Abou al Bashar (Father of Mankind)? Ans: It is the title of Hazrat Adam (A.S) 46.46. On which Prophets the scrolls were revealed? Ans: Hazrat Adam(A.S) and Hazrat Ibraheem (A.S) 47.47. Who did consider the angels as daughters of Allah Almighty? Ans: Infidels of Makkah called the angels as daughters of Allah Almighty. 48.48. What is meant by the word Israel and whose title is this?













Islamiat Inter

-61-

Ch # 1

Ans: It means Allah’s man and Hazrat Yaqoob (A.S) is called Israel. 49.49. What was the faith of the very first man? Ans: Tauheed was the faith of very first man. 50.50. Which sin is called unforgiveable in the Holy Qur’an? Ans: Shirk is called unforgiveable sin in the Holy Qur’an. 51.51. Write down two other names of Aakhirat. Ans: Other names are: Yom ul Hashr and Yom ul Hisaab 52.52. Write down the translation of the verse about completion of Din. Ans: This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. 53.53. Write down the meaning of the word Nabi. Ans: Literal meanings of Nabi are: The one who brings news (informer). 54.54. Who is Rooh ul Quds? Ans: It is the title of Hazrat Gabrail (A.S) 55.55. Define Innocence of Prophets. Ans: It means that all the Prophets are innocent and free from sin. 56.56. Which Prophet was elated to the Heavens alive? Ans: Hazrat Isa (A.S) was elated to the heavens alive. 57.57. Write down the names of Archangels. Ans: i. Hazrat Gabriel ii. Hazrat Michael iii. Hazrat Izrael iv. Hazrat Israfeel 58.58. Write down the names of the angels appointed to ask questions in the grave. Ans: The angels deputed to ask questions in the grave are called Nakirain (Munkir & Nakir)











Islamiat Inter

-62-

Ch # 1

59.59. What would be the result if there were two gods in this world according to the Holy Qur'an? Ans: If there were in the heavens and the earth other gods besides Allah Almighty, there would have been confusion in both. 60.60. Who was called the son of Allah Almighty by Christians? Ans: Hazrat Isa (A.S)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

The word (A) AQD

(belief) is derived from: (B) QYD

(C) IQD Literal meaning of belief

(D) QDH is:

(A) Acceptance (B) True Ideas (C) To tell Fact (D) Knotted The basic doctrines (pillars) of faith in Islam are: (A) Three (B) Five (C) Two (D) Four The first doctrine of faith in Islam is: (A) Tauheed (B) Shirk (C) Prophethood (D) Namaz The Last doctrine of faith in Islam is: (A) Tauheed (B) Shirk (C) Prophethood (D) Aakhirat Literal meaning of (Tauheed) is: (A) Uniqueness (B) Trinity (C) Tetra (D) Hexa One who believes in Allah's Oneness is called: (A) Muwahid (B) Mushrik (C) Mutliq (D) Athiest



Islamiat Inter

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

-63-

Ch # 1

The fundamental teachings of all the Prophets are based upon: (A) Tauheed (B) Shirk (C) Prophethood (D) Aakhirat Basic types of Tauheed are: (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 10 Belief in Tauheed is comrehensively described in: (A) Al Kausar (B) Al Ikhlas (C) Al Qariah (D) Al Maida All divine religions are based upon: (A) Tauheed (B) Shirk (C) Prophethood (D) Aakhirat The Creator of the entire universe is: (A) Allah (B) Angels (C) Devil (D) Man Literal meaning of Shirk is; (A) Partnership (B) Oneness (C) Trinity (D) Reality Basic types of Shirk are: (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 10 Literal meaning of Prophethood is: (A) to convey a message (B) to call (C) to survey (D) to bring Literal meaning of Rasool is: (A) Messenger (B) News giver (C) tout (D) Angel Literal meaning of Nabi is; (A) Messenger (B) Informer

Islamiat Inter

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

-64-

Ch # 1

(C) tout (D) Angel The name of the first Prophet of Allah is? (A) Ibraham (B) Yousuf (C) Moses (D) Adam Prophethood is bestowed by Allah Almighty as a: (A) Trust (B) Gift (C) Mistake (D) food Obedience of Prophet is the obedience of ;

(A)

Allah

(B)

Angels

(C)

Man

(D)

Satan

In Arabic language KHATAM

means:

(A)

Seal

(B)

Ring

(C)

Gift

(D)

Cloth

The best example for life is:

(A)

Uswa e Hasana

(B)

Namaz

(C)

Jehad

(D)

Angels

Literal meaning of MALAK is: (A)

Messenger

(B)

News giver

(C)

Tout

(D)

Angel

The work of Hazrat Gebrail is: (A)

to bring food

(C)

to bring Wahi

(B)

to control death (D)

to show

(B)

Michael

The name of Death Angel is: (A)

Gebrail

(C)

Israfil

(D)

Izrael

The word also used for the angel in the Holy Qur'an is:

(A)

Rasool

(B)

Sahib

Islamiat Inter

(C) 27.

28.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

Nabi

Ch # 1

(D)

Scribe

Arch Angels of Almighty Allah are: (A)

4

(B)

3

(C)

11

(D)

10

(B)

3

Famous revealed books are:

(A) 29.

-65-

4

(C) 11 (D) The first revealed book is:

10

(A)

Qura'n

(B)

(C)

Zubur

(D)

Injil

Torah

The second revealed book is: (A)

Qura'n

(C)

Zubur

(B) (D)

Injil

Torah

The third revealed book is; (A)

Qura'n

(C)

Zubur

(B) (D)

Injil

Torah

The last revealed book is: (A)

Qura'n

(C)

Zubur

(B) (D)

Injil

Torah

Almighty Allah Himself has guaranteed to safeguard the: (A)

Qura'n

(C)

Zubur

(B)

(D)

Injil

Torah

The most comprehensive divine book is:

(A)

Qura'n

(C)

Zubur

(B) (D)

Injil

Torah

Nothing in the Holy Qur'an is: (A)

clear

(B)

meaningful

Islamiat Inter

(C)

36.

37.

-66-

Ch # 1

true

(D)

Literal meaning of (Akhrat) (A)

nearby

(C)

wealth

doubtful

is: (B)

far off

(D)

loan

(B)

destroyed

After death the soul will: (A)

die

(C) go to paradise (D) remain in Barzakh 38. The permanent life is the life: (A) of this world (B) of world hereafter (C) of the poor (D) of the rich 39. Whatever we sow here, shall reap on the: (A) day of Eid (B) Day of judgment (C) day of Jihad (D) day of fasting 40. Literal meaning of the word is: (A) nearby (B) far off (C) wealth (D) loan 41. The language of the Holy Qur'an is: (A) Ancient (B) Difficult (C) Living (D) Dead 42. The angels deputed to take down the deeds: (A) Hazrat Gabriel (B) Hazrat Michael (C) Hazrat Israfeel (D) Karaman Katebeen

ANSWERS 1.

A

2.

D

3.

B

4.

A

Islamiat Inter

-67-

Ch # 1

5.

D

6.

A

7.

A

8.

A

9.

B

10.

B

11.

A

12.

A

13.

A

14.

B

15.

A

16.

A

17.

B

18.

D

19.

A

20.

A

21.

A

22.

A

23.

A

24.

C

25.

D

26.

A

27.

A

28.

A

29.

D

30.

C

31.

B

32.

A

33.

A

34.

A

35.

D

36.

B

37.

D

38.

B

39.

B

40.

A

41.

C

42.

D

43.

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS 1.

What are the fundamental Islamic beliefs? Write a short note on each of them.

2.

Briefly describe the arguments in of the existence of Allah Almighty as given in the Holy Quran.

3.

Define Shirk and discuss its categories.

4.

Describe the characteristics of Prophets.

5.

Write short notes on the following:

a. The Angels

b. Divine Books

c. The concept of Oneness of Allah Almighty

6.

What are the effects of the belief in the Oneness of Allah Almighty on human life?

7.

Describe in detail the characteristics of the

Prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad

.

8.

Discuss the main characteristics of the Holy Quran.

9.

Write a summary of the teachings of the Holy Quran on the subject of life in the world hereafter.

Islamiat Inter

10.

-68-

Ch # 1

What are the effects of the belief in the world hereafter on human life? 

Islamiat Inter

-69-

Ch # 1

CHAPTER 2

Islamiat Inter

-70-

Ch # 1

ORGANS (Pillars) OF ISLAM Organs of Islam comprise of those basic principles and actions which the entire set up of this religion. The Holy Prophet

says thus:

The building of Islam has been raised upon five pillars; The evidence that only Allah Almighty is fit to worship and that Hazrat Muhammad is a creature of Allah Almighty and his last Prophet; observance of Namaz; payment of Zakat; performance of Hajj and keeping of Fasts in the month of Ramadhan. KALIMA-E-SHAHADAT The most important organ of Islam is Kalma-eShahadat which is given as under:

I bear witness that there is no one fit to worship except Allah Almighty, He is one and has no partner. I also bear witness

that Muhammad is the Servent and Messenger (of Allah). With reference to the belief in Oneness of Allah Almighty a few points are given below for further elaboration. Importance of KALIMA-E-SHAHADAT:

Islamiat Inter

-71-

Ch # 1

KALIMA-E-SHAHADAT brings a revolution in the faith of a person. One becomes Muslim by uttering this. One also becomes clean and upright. Two Declarations: There are two declarations in it. One is the declaration of the Oneness of Allah Almighty and the second is the declaration of the Prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad . Without these two declarations, one cannot become a faithful Muslim. 1. Declaration of the Oneness of Allah: The first part of Kalma Shahadat i.e.

I bear witness that there is no one fit to worship except Allah. He is one and has no partner. Is a declaration and recognition of the belief in the Oneness of Allah.

2. Declaration of The Prophethood of Muhammad

:

The second part of the Kalima-e-Shahadat i.e.

I also bear witness that Muhammad Messenger (of Allah).

is the Servent and

It has been testified that Hazrat Muhammad is a creature of Allah Almighty and His true Prophet, and that Din brought by him is true and valid. Without declaration and affirmation of these two parts no one can become Muslim. Freedom from KUFR And SHIRK: Apparently Tauheed and Risalat (The Oneness of Allah Almighty and Prophethood) are two separate matters but actually these are two aspects of the same reality. It is not possible to have a faith in Allah Almighty without having a faith in the Prophet

and vice versa. A faith in

Islamiat Inter

-72-

Ch # 1

the Holy Prophet implies a faith in his teachings. Therefore when a person sincerely reads out Kalima-eShahadat with a belief in its contents he gets rid of all concepts of Kufr and Shirk. A REAL TESTIMONY: The requirements of testimony are fulfillled when a person accepts that only Allah Almighty is fit to worship and Hazrat Muhammad is His true and last Prophet. However, it is necessary that a person who utters Kalma-eShahadat verbally must also sincerely and faithfully believe its contents and follow the dictates of Allah Almighty and

His Prophet in every day life. All his desires and demands should be subjected strictly to the teachings of Islamic Shariah. Hazrat Muhammad

says thus:

No one amongst you can be a perfect believer unless all his desires are subject to my Shariah. CONCLUSION: A study of Islamic history shows that when the Muslims followed the beliefs in the Oneness of Allah Almighty and Prophethood of Muhammad in letter and spirit and fashioned their lives in accordance with the Islamic Shariah they reached the heights of greatness. But when they paid only lip service to these beliefs they were ruined and lost their prestige. May Allah Almighty bless us with true faith!

NAMAZ Islam is a complete code of life which does not end with acceptance of certain beliefs by its followers but it lays down a system of prayers and obligations which consists of Namaz, Zakat, Fasting, and Hajjj. The first and foremost of

Islamiat Inter

-73-

Ch # 1

these articles is Namaz. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Establish regular prayers, and be not ye among those who gods with Allah Almighty.

In many Hadiths the Holy Prophet has emphasized the observance of Namaz. In one Hadith the Holy Prophet

says:

The real foundation of Din is submission to Allah Almighty and His Prophet

. Namaz is the pillar of Din.

Meaning and Definition of

:

Is an Arabic word which means "to pray" or "to be near". This is the physical worship that is binding on the faithful at a certain time five times a day. This is the second pillar of Islam. The Emphasis on NAMAZ: Namaz is the most important part of religious training. Therefore, it has been made compulsory for every Ummah. All the Prophets preached the observance of Namaz to their followers. It has been declared in the Holy Quran that observers of Namaz will attain welfare and success in their life and its shirkers will face disgrace and humiliations. NAMAZ

IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QUR'AN

In the Holy Qur'an more than 700 times offering of NAMAZ is advised. 1. In a verse of the Holy Quran it has been mentioned that the angels deputed to torture the dwellers of hell would ask them the cause of their torture they would say that one reasons for this punishment is:

Islamiat Inter

2.

-74-

Ch # 1

They will say, we were not of those who prayed. It is obligatory for all the faithful to offer NAMAZ:

Say to My servants who have believed, that they should establish regular prayer. 3. as:

To offer prayer

with other believers is advised

And establish prayer and pay the Zakat (poor-rate) and bow down with those who bow down. 4. To offer prayer is for the believers like providing the witness of faith in Almighty Allah Almighty:

And establish regular prayer for my remembrance.

5.

6.

By offering Prayer Almighty:

one seeks the help of Allah

And seek help through patience and prayer. ٰ Namaz ‫صلىۃ‬ safeguards a person from sins:

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin. NAMAZ

IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH

The Holy Prophet repeatedly advised to keep the Namaz alive. Following are some Hadiths about the importance of Namaz:

Islamiat Inter

1.

-75-

Ch # 1

After including a belief in Allah Almighty the most important order to the believer is observance of

Namaz. Therefore, the Holy Prophet

has said:

The real foundation of Din is submission to Allah Almighty and His Prophet Din. 2.

and Namaz is the pillar of

It is similar to have a conversation with Allah Almighty:

The person who offers Namaz in fact indulges in a quiet conversation with Allah Almighty 3. Namaz is as imporatant for Islam as a pillar for the erection of a building: Namaz is a pillar of Din 4.

The very first question on the day of judgment will be about Namaz:

First of all you will have to render the of Namaz on the day of judgment 5. Namaz is the differentiating action between the believers and the non-believers.

The person who deliberately gives up Namaz follows the way of non-believers 6. The Holy Prophet declared that if he had not the consideration for their wives and children, he would have put the houses of people not offering their prayers, on fire. THE ADVANTAGES OF NAMAZ

Islamiat Inter

-76-

Ch # 1

The advantages of NAMAZ are as under: 1. A Sense of Submission to The Will of Allah: When a man presents himself before Allah Almighty five times a day to offer his prayers he remains conscious that he is a believer of Allah Almighty. Regular prayers develop a sense of submission to the will of Allah Almighty in the heart of a Muslim. This enables him to lead his life in accordance with the commands of Allah Almighty. 4 :

Thee do we worship, and Thine aid we seek. 2. Consciousness of Allah's Presence: During the prayers five times a day a Muslim is convinced that Allah Almighty is always with him. He never feels himself alone.

The person who offers Namaz in fact indulges in a quiet conversation with Allah. 3. Liberty from all kind of Fears: The consciousness of Allah Almighty's presence makes him avoid sins and keeps his heart free of all kinds of fears and sorrows.

Verily those who say, "Our Lord is Allah," and remain firm (on that path),- on them shall be no fear, nor shall They grieve. 4. Physical and Spiritual Purgation: The good effects of Namaz continue during the intervals between five Namaz. After offering his prayers if a man thinks of committing a sin, he at once re that he has just prayed to Allah Almighty to save him from sin. If he commits a sin how he would face Allah Almighty in the

Islamiat Inter

-77-

Ch # 1

next prayers. This enables him to avoid evil deeds permanently.

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin. 4. Mutual Affection and Intimacy: The people who meet one another five times a day during prayers develop mutual affection and intimacy which is beneficial for all.

The believers are but a single Brotherhood. 5. A Sense of Collective Unity: Congregational prayers specially Jumma and Eid Prayers develop a sense of collective unity among Muslims.

And hold fast, all together, by the rope which Allah Almighty (stretches out for you), and be not divided among yourselves. 6. Practical Demonstration of Equality: When the Muslims stand side by side in one row during Salat there is a feeling of equality among them. Everyone the rich, the poor, the leader and the worker all are equal near to Allah Almighty.

Verily the Most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (He who is) the Most righteous of you. 7. Reward for Congregational Prayer: The effects of collective actions of a community have a greater impact as compared with individual actions. Therefore, the reward for congregational prayer is twenty seven times more than the Namaz of an individual. 8. Lesson for Piety:

Islamiat Inter

-78-

Ch # 1

When the Muslims come to mosque to offer their prayers the defaulters also follow their suits and become regular in the observance of Namaz. 9. Discipline: The appointment of an Imam to lead the prayers ensures collective discipline. 10. Punctuality: Observation of prayer at a certain time teaches punctuality and one becomes aware of the value of time.

Prayers are ened on believers at stated times. INEFFECTUAL PRAYERS:

The question arises as to why the above advantages are not available to us despite observance of Namaz on our part. As a matter of fact we offer our prayers just as a matter of routine without being conscious of the meanings of the verses and prayers uttered during the course of Namaz. We have no consciousness that we are present before Allah Almighty and seeking His help and blessings. We do not give any impression that we are aware of the most important object of offering prayers:

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin. In fact our prayers are without any purpose. These are just like a flower without fragrance or a body without soul. May Allah Almighty bless us with the real blessings of NAMAZ!

FASTING Roza is a fundamental organ of Islam and according to the Holy Qur'an it was also made compulsory for the previous Ummahs. Allah Almighty says:

Islamiat Inter

-79-

Ch # 1

O ye who believed fasting is prescribed to You as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint.

The above verse indicates that Roza is compulsory and its compulsion is to attain piety. Meaning: In Arabic language is used for Fasting. The word means to stop oneself from an action, to abstain or to control oneself. Definition: In religious Fasting is to stop oneself from eating, drinking and all other desires for the whole day (from dawn to dusk) throughout the month of Ramadhan. Purpose of Fasting: According to the Holy Qur'an purpose of Fasting is to achieve (Taqwa) piety.

That ye may (learn) self-restraint TAQWA: Taqwa means piety. It is a state of mind and heart which prevents a man from evil deeds and persuades him to perform good actions. Importance of Fasting: Fasting is one of the basic pillars of Islam. The importance of Fasting is as under: According to the Holy Qur'an: 1. The Holy Qur'an makes it clear that Fasting was also made compulsory to the previous Ummahs.

Islamiat Inter

-80-

Ch # 1

As it was prescribed to those before you 2. It is binding upon every Muslim to observe Fast during the month of Ramadhan. 1 8 5 :

So whosoever of you comes by the (Holy) month let him fast for the whole month. 3. Fasting has been made compulsory during the month of Ramadhan to make a man pious through fasting and enable him to derive true benefit from the Holy Quran:

The Holy month of Ramadhan in which was sent down the Glorious Qur'an as a guidance to mankind. According to Hadith: The importance of Fasting can be understood through the following Hadiths of the Holy Prophet

:

1.

Fasting is more than hunger and thirst: Fasting does not mean to bear thirst and hunger but it develops the capacity to restrain a man from all acts, which violate the Shariah. The Holy Prophet

said:

If a person does not shun lying and misdeeds during his fasting Allah Almighty has no concern with his doing away with eating and drinking. 2. Safety From the Fire of Hell: The most important factor to motivate man to follow the path of goodness or to adopt the evil way is the selfish desire of man. If desires are subjected to the commands of Allah Almighty man's individual as well as collective

Islamiat Inter

-81-

Ch # 1

welfare is promoted. In case human desires violate the will of Allah Almighty a man is degraded to animal level. The real object of fasting is to make man pious by subjecting his desires to the dictate of Allah Almighty. Even if a person arranges for the Iftar of a FAST will be rewarded with

forgiveness as the Prophet

said:

A person who arranges Iftar of a keeper of fast will ensure forgiveness of his sins and safety from the fire of Hell. He will get a reward equal to the reward of the keeper of fast in addition to his own reward. 3. Reward for Fasting: The Holy Prophet said, fasting when restored to with faith in Allah Almighty and seeking His pleasure will be fitly rewarded as is evident from the following Hadith.

Allah Almighty rewards for the good deeds of a man tenfold to seven hundred fold but reward for fasting is of a special nature. Allah Almighty says that keeping a fast is exclusive for Him and He would Himself decide its reward. BENEFITS OF FASTING When a man maintains a complete check over his desires for eating, drinking and worldly pleasures throughout the month of Ramadhan, and avoids other moral evils and spends most of his time in prayers and good

Islamiat Inter

-82-

Ch # 1

deeds he develops a taste for goodness and repulsion for evil. Roza is not only training for a man to control his desires but is also an effective cure of his negative egoism. INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS: Self Control: A person who keeps fasts for one month every year and completes an exercise to control his basic desires he attains such a power of self control which enables him to avert every persuasion of the evil (Satan). Piety: When a man finds himself incapable of eating and drinking despite extreme hunger and thirst he becomes conscious of his helplessness before Allah Almighty, and when this feeling becomes permanent it enables a man to avoid every action contrary to Shariah. Remission of Sins: The Holy sense of ability ensures remission of all previous sins of the believer. Physical Health: Fasting for a period of one month and remaining hungry for the most part of the day is very much beneficial for physical health. The Collective Benefits of Fasting: Although Roza is an individual act of WORSHIP, yet it has many collective benefits detailed as under: Feelings for the poor: When a man remains hungry and thirsty throughout the month of fasting he becomes conscious of the hunger and thirst of other people and develops sympathy for the poor. ion for Sacrifice: A man becomes habitual to the use of less food and this develops qualities of contentment and sacrifice in a man. He becomes ready to help the needy. Sense of Unity:

Islamiat Inter

-83-

Ch # 1

The entire Muslim Ummah remains busy in fasting throughout the world. This creates Muslim understanding and unity. From this point of view the month of Ramadhan is called the month of Sharing of Sorrows. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RAMADHAN-UL-MUBARAK: Following are the points that clarify the significance of Ramadhan: A Memorial to the Revelation of The Holy Quran: The month of Ramadhan is the Holy month in which the Holy Qur'an was revealed. Allah Almighty has declared:

Ramadhan is the month in which was sent down the Quran. Laila-tul-Qadr: Ramadhan is the moth in which there is a night equal to 1000 months.

The Laila-tul-Qadr (Night of Power) is better than a thousand months. Three Decades: The Holy month of Ramadhan can be divided into three decades. According to a Hadith, the First decade is called REHMAT, the second decade is called MAGHFIRAT and the third decade is called Liberty from the fire of Hell. RAMADHAN AND PAKISTAN:

Ramadhan-ul-Mubarak is a month of blessing and forgiveness for Muslims throughout the world but this month is significant for the Muslims of Pakistan that Allah Almighty blessed us with the gift of freedom during one blessed night of the month of Ramadhan. The formation of Pakistan on the twenty seventh night of the Ramadhan guides us to the fact that a system of life based on the

Islamiat Inter

-84-

Ch # 1

teachings of the Holy Quran should be enforced in this country. We demanded Pakistan for the object of enforcing Islamic system of life in the country. From this point of view the month of Ramadhan provides us an opportunity to celebrate the anniversary of Pakistan and also renew our pledge made with Allah Almighty to make it an Islamic state in the real sense.

INEFFECTUAL FASTING: Now a days our fasting does not produce the blessings and benefits indicated above. The reason is that we are indifferent to the real objective of fasting, i.e. self control. We do not observe the important condition of fasting as well as lack true faith and sense of ability.

CONCLUSION: In short, Fasting is a matchless Islamic institution which teaches man the principle of sincere love to Allah Almighty. Fasting teaches man a creative sense of hope, devotion, patience, unselfishness, moderation, willpower, wise saving, sound budgeting, mature adaptability, healthy survival, discipline, spirit of social belonging, unity and brotherhood. May Allah Almighty bless us with real blessings of Roza and Ramadhan!

ZAKAT [The Poor Rate] (The Obligatory Charity) The economic system is basic to the formation of human society. Therefore, Allah Almighty has laid down the best guideline to run an economic system as in the case of social system. Economic justice can be maintained following these guidelines: If these are ignored injustice takes roots which give rise to many other evils. Zakat is of primary importance in the economic system prescribed by Allah Almighty.

Islamiat Inter

-85-

Ch # 1

Meaning: The Arabic word has been derived from which means "to purify". By giving Zakat, the giver's heart is purified from the love of wealth. Definition: The Holy Prophrt described Zakat as wealth taken from the rich and given to the poor. Zakat, the backbone of the economic system of Islam, is also called poor-rate or poor-tax. It is really a welfare tax.

IMPORTANCE OF ZAKAT Zakat was made compulsory in the SECOND year of Hijrat and its detailed were told in Nineth year of Hijrat .The importance of Zakat is as under: IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QURAN: We may have an idea of the importance of Zakat from the fact that in the Holy Quran payment of Zakat has been emphasised along with observance of Namaz at most places.

And be steadfast In prayer; practise regular charity; Zakat is a kind of prayer through spending of money where Namaz is a prayer where a man experiences physical exertion. PURGATION OF HEART AND PURIFICATION OF SOUL:

Zakat means to purify. A person who make payment of Zakat not only purifies his wealth but purifies his heart and gets rid of the greed for wealth. Love for money is replaced by love for Allah Almighty. He sacrifices wealth at the command of Allah Almighty. When he pays Zakat he realizes that he is not the owner of wealth earned by him. In fact his wealth is a trust granted by Allah Almighty. This consciousness saves him from monetary irregularities and

Islamiat Inter

-86-

Ch # 1

all his actions are subjected to the commands of Allah

Almighty. So it was advised to the Holy Prophet

.

Of their goods take alms, that so thou mightest purify and sanctify them. FORGIVENESS OF SINS AND INCREASE IN WEALTH: When a man spends his wealth at the commands of Allah Almighty such wealth is treated as a loan to Allah Almighty and Allah Almighty commits to return this loan, increasing it many fold and also forgives sins. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

If ye loan to Allah, a beautiful loan,He will double it to your (credit) and He will grant you Forgiveness: For Allah is most ready to appreciate (service) most forebearing. PENALTY FOR NON-PAYMENT OF ZAKAT: The people who do not pay Zakat are described by Allah Almighty as under:

And there are those who bury gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah; announce unto them a most grievous penalty. A SOURCE OF ALLAH'S BLESSINGS: According to the Holy Quran the payment of Zakat is a source of acquiring blessings of the world hereafter and salvation from the torture of hell. This is indeed a great blessing.

Islamiat Inter

-87-

Ch # 1

Those who believe, and do deeds of righteousness, and establish regular prayers and regular charity. RIGHT OF THE POOR AND THE NEEDY: Allah Almighty has declared Zakat as a right for the poor and the needy as it is said in the Holy Quran:

And those in whose wealth is a recognised right. For the beggar and the destitute. IMPORTANCE OF ZAKAT IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH: According to the Holy Prophet

economic

matters are an important part of the religion. He emphasized on the payment of Zakat as under: 1. ZAKAT AS A TREASURE OF ISLAM:

The Prophet Islam as he said:

declared Zakat as the treasure of

Zakat is the treasure of Islam Zakat is the treasure that is spent for the welfare of mankind not for the luxuries of the rulers. 2. ZAKAT SAFEGUARDS THE PROPERTY: By the payment of Zakat one gets his property safe from all sorts of dangers as the Prophet

said:

Safeguard your wealth by paying Zakat 3. PUNISHMENT FOR THE NON-PAYMENT OF ZAKAT:

The Holy Prophet announced a painful punishment for the people who store their wealth and do not pay (poor-rate) Zakat. He

said:

Islamiat Inter

-88-

Ch # 1

"The people who store wealth and do not pay Zakat, on the day of judgment their wealth will become a poisonous snake and will bite them saying:

I am your wealth, I am your treasure" ZAKAT AND THE FIRST CALIPH OF ISLAM: In view of the importance of the Zakat Hazrat Abu baker Siddique (R.A) carried out Jehad against the defaulters of Zakat, although they were believers. Hazarat Abu Bakar (R.A) declared that he would ensure strict observance of Namaz and Zakat during his life time. MINIMUM LIMIT OF WEALTH FOR PAYMENT OF ZAKAT

:

The payment of Zakat is compulsory for people who are in possession of a certain quantity of gold, silver, money or trade goods, This specific quantity is called Nisab. The Nisab of different articles is as under: 1. Gold: 7½ Tolas 2. Silver: 52½ Tolas 3. Money or trade goods: Equivalent to the value of Nisab prescribed in the case of gold or silver. Ratio for deduction of Zakat is 2.5 % means 40th part. 4. Goats or Sheep: 40 in numbers 5. Cows or Buffalows: 30 in numbers 6. Camels: 05 in numbers Zakat is due on the Nisab when it remains in the possession of the owner for one year.

LEGITMATE HEADS OF ZAKAT

Islamiat Inter

-89-

Ch # 1

Allah Almighty has determined the legitimate heads for distribution of Zakat. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to ister the (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those in bondage and in debt; in the cause of Allah Almighty; and for the wayfarer: (thus is it) ordained by Allah Almighty, and Allah Almighty is full of knowledge and wisdom. 1. THE DESTITUTE: The people who are totally poor, who have neither material possessions nor means of livelihood are called destitute . 2. THE NEEDY: The people who are with insufficient means of livelihood to meet basic needs are called the needy.

3. ZAKAT COLLECTORS: Payment of salaries to the staff who are appointed to collect Zakat. 4. NEW MUSLIMS: Aid to the people who are newly convert to Islam to console them. 5. SLAVES AND PRISONERS: To assist slaves and to meet the expenses to liberate the people who are undergoing imprisonment. 6. THE INDIGENT:

Islamiat Inter

-90-

Ch # 1

One who is in debt; for the clearance of loans of indigent people. 7. IN THE WAY OF ALLAH: To meet the expenses of Jehad and assist the people who undertake the preaching of Islam. 8. TRAVELERS: To aid the traveler who needs money during the journey although at home he is capable of paying Zakat. The payment of Zakat at collective level is compulsory in an Islamic State. However, if Muslims are living under an un-Islamic government the Zakat should be paid through organizations or other cooperative bodies. SOME PRINCIPLES OF PAYMENT OF ZAKAT: 1 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Zakat is payable only by the Muslims. of the family who are dependents e.g. mother, father, son, daughter, wife etc, are not eligible to receive Zakat. However, Zakat may be preferably distributed among the far relatives in preference to other. Generally Zakat collected from a town should be distributed among the deserving inhabitants of that town, However, if there are no deserving recipients in that town or there exists any emergency condition e.g., flood, earthquake, famine etc. Zakat can be distributed outside that town. The distribution of Zakat, should be made to the deserving after full satisfaction about there eligibility. The requisite goods can also be purchased out of Zakat for distribution amongst the needy. The deserving recipient need not be told that the money or goods given to him pertain to Zakat.

Islamiat Inter

-91-

Ch # 1

The blessing and benefits of Zakat can materialize only when the will of people keep in view the blessing and approval of Allah Almighty as their basic guideline. An effort should be made to perpetuate the collective system of recovery and distribution of Zakat for all times to come.

BENIFITS OF ZAKAT Zakat is the pillar of Islam. It is in fact the foundation of Islamic economic system. It helps the society to become a welfare society. Some of its advantages are as under:

(A) ECONOMIC BENEFITS DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH: In the economic system based on interest, capital has more utility than labour. As a result, the workers become poorer and the capitalist deprives them of their wealth through different tactics. In this way, the economic system is paralysed. Zakat is the best solution of this problem. Through this system a sizeable portion of wealth is transferred from the rich classes to the poor classes. The economic condition of the poor is improved. This fact is described by the Holy Quran thus:

That it become not a commodity between the rich among you

ERADICATION OF USURY (Interest on Loan): Zakat helps in eradicating usury as the gulf between the rich and the poor decreases and social co-operation increases.

Islamiat Inter

-92-

Ch # 1

Allah Almighty will deprive usury of all blessing, but will give increase for deeds of charity. ECONOMIC GROWTH:

Distribution and division of wealth decreases the gulf between the rich and the poor thus the result is economic growth. As the rate of Zakat is only 2½% the wealthy person pays it willingly and honestly as compared to the payment of other heavy taxes. Zakat promotes investment whereas heavy taxes result in the concealment of capital and weakness of national economy. INCREASE IN INVESTMENT:

The wealthy person is compelled to invest his wealth in some profitable business to make up for the deficiency on of Zakat. In this way, investment grows.

(B) SOCIAL BENEFITS LOVE BETWEEN THE RICH AND THE POOR: Distribution of Zakat among the poor by the rich creates ion of love among the poor for the rich. END OF SOCIAL EVILS: Wealth in a society is like blood in the human body. If all the blood is concentrated in the heart (i.e. the rich classes) all other organs in the body (i.e. people) will be paralysed and ultimately damage the heart. If the poor classes suffer from poverty, the rich classes will fall a victim to moral diseases like luxury, love for comfort and ignorance to the life hereafter. Obviously both these classes will develop jealously and hatred for each other. The tension will grow gradually with the age of time and produce undesirable consequences. Payment of Zakat reduces all these dangers and purifies not only the wealth but also the heart of faithful.

ION FOR SACRIFICE:

Islamiat Inter

-93-

Ch # 1

Payment of Zakat produces ion of sacrifice and welfare among the masses. Thus, a society becomes a real human society. ETERNAL SUCCESS:

Payment of Zakat is a source of eternal success. As it is delared in the Holy Qura'n:

Who are active in deeds of charity… In view of all these individual as well as collective benefits, the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa was directed immediately after the establishment of Islamic state in Madina.

Of their goods take alms, that so thou mightest purify and sanctify them. THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT:

An Islamic government immidiately after its establishment is bound to establish a complete system of Zakat. All the Muslims have to pay Zakat to the collectors of the government. If, however, the Muslims are under nonMuslim rule, they should pay Zakat to organizations or institutions, which operate on the basis of mutual cooperation. CONCLUSION: Zakat has a deep humanitarian and social-political value; for example, it frees society from class warfare, from ill feelings and distrust and from corruption. Although Islam does not hinder private enterprise or condemn private possession, it does not tolerate selfish and greedy capitalism. Islam adopts a moderate but positive and effective course

Islamiat Inter

-94-

Ch # 1

between individual and society, between the citizen and the state, between capitalism and socialism, between materialism and spiritualism.

HAJJ Muslims from all walks of life, from every corner of the globe assemble in Makkah in response to the call of Allah Almighty. There is no royalty, but there is loyalty of all to Allah Almighty, the Creator. It is to commemorate the Divine rituals observed by the Prophet Abraham and his son Ismael , who were the first pilgrims to the house of Allah Almighty on earth: the Ka'abah. It is also to the great assembly of the Day of Judgement when people will stand equal before Allah Almighty. LITERAL MEANING:

The literal meaning of the word Hajj is the will and desire to visit. DEFINITION: "In the terminology of Shariah, it means the will to visit the Holy Ka'abah which was the first structure built by Hazrat Adam (A.S) for the worship of Allah Almighty." Hajj is a pilgrimage to Makkah, at least once in a lifetime and it is obligatory upon every Muslim male and female who is mentally, physically and financially fit. It is the largest annual convention of faith on earth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF HAJJ: Hajj is one of the fundamental institutions of Islam. Its significance is as under:

IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QUR'AN 1. A COMPULSORY RELIGIOUS DUTY: According to the Holy Qur'an Hajj is compulsory only on those who are sound of mind, adults and have the provision of travel as it is said:

Islamiat Inter

-95-

Ch # 1

Pilgrimage thereto is a duty owe to Allah Almighty, those who can afford the journey; 2. PUNISHMENT FOR REFUSAL TO PERFORM HAJJ: All those Muslims who fulfill the obligation and yet abstain from performing Hajj once in their life time give a lie to their being Muslims. It is said:

And if anyone deny faith; Allah Almighty stands not in need of any of His creatures; It means that this comprehensive prayer has been made compulsory for the sake of Allah Almighty. Allah Almighty has such a right over His creatures but He wants to shower blessings and benefits to human beings through this prayer. 3. PROHIBITION OF FIGHT AND QUARREL: Peace is the dominant theme of Hajj. Peace with Allah Almighty, with one's soul, with one another, with all living creatures. To disturb the peace of anyone or any creature in any shape or form is strictly prohibited.

Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. 4. THE BEST PROVISION FOR HAJ: It is allowed to fetch necessities alongwith while going to Hajj yet it is also declared that the best provision is piety:

And take a provision (With you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct.

Islamiat Inter

-96-

Ch # 1

IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH 1. REMISSION OF SINS: The greatest benefit of the performance of Hajj is the total remission of sins. The Holy Prophet declared;

has

Anyone who performs Hajj in compliance with the command of Allah Almighty and shuns evil deeds during Hajj returns as innocent as a newly born child. This arrangement to cleanse and chastise the sinners in this world is a token of the mercy and blessing of Allah. 2. PUNISHMENT FOR REFUSAL TO PERFORM HAJJ:

It is the height of ingratitude and misfortune if we do not avail ourselves of this opportunity. The Holy Prophet

says:

If a person, who can afford to perform Hajj and there is nothing to obstruct his way e.g., a pressing need, a tyrant king or a disease, fails to perform Hajj and dies, dies not as a Muslim but will die as Jew or a Christian. 3. REWARD OF HAJJ: The Holy Prophet performing Hajj said:

, about the reward of

Islamiat Inter

-97-

Ch # 1

Hajj accepted and approved by Allah Almighty is rewarded with paradise

RITES OF HAJJ The rites of Hajj centre on complete submission and devotion to Allah Almighty. At the same time, they serve as an example of total submission and obedience of Prophet Ibrahim , especially his willingness to sacrifice what

he loved most in the world, his son Ismail , at Allah's Command. The main RITES of Hajj are as follow: MEEQAAT:

It is the place beyond where from no one can proceed to Makkah to perform Hajj and Umra without putting on THE EHRAM otherwise he shall have to offer sacrifice. THE EHRAM: Ehram, two white sheets of unsewn cloth is the prescribed dress of Hajj. TAWAF: The literal meaning of the word TAWAF is to go round (to move round). The pilgrims walk seven times around the Ka'abah. This is called Tawaf. One circle around Ka'abah during Tawaf is called Shaut . There are three major types of Tawaf: Tawaf-e-Qadoom: It is Sunnat and is performed on entering Masjid-Haram. Tawaf-e-Ziarat: It is also called "Tawaf-e-Rukn". It is a Rukn or obligatory component of Hajj and must be performed between the dawn of 10th and 12th of Zil-Hajj. Tawaf-e-Widaa:

Islamiat Inter

-98-

Ch # 1

This is performed at the time of departure and is WAJIB for all those performing Umra. SAYI: Sayi is running seven times between the SAFA and MARWA . These two hills are close to the well of ZAM ZAM . It was between these two hills that Hazrat Hajra

, wife of Hazrat Ibrahim

, ran

in search of water for her infant son, Hazrat Ismail . This ritual expresses respect for maternal love and gratitude to Allah Almighty Who made the sacred spring of ZAM ZAM appear. JOURNEY TO MINA: On the 8th Zil-Hajj the Pilgrims journey to Mina, a plain which lies between Arafat and Makkah.The Pilgrims must reach there before noon so that the Zuhr prayer may be performed there.

WUQUF-e-ARAFAT: On the 9th of Zil-Hajj which is called Yaum-eArafah the pilgrims should leave Mina after the Fajr prayer and move on to the plain of Arafat. The stay in the plain of Arafat is called WUQUF-e-ARAFAT (The Assembly at Arafat). This stay at Arafat is the supreme experience of Hajj and is also the most important part of Hajj, without it Hajj would be incompete. RAMI OF JAMARAT: Rami is the symbolic ceremony of stoning the Satan held at Mina. Rami is performed on 10, 11 and 12 ZilHajj. SACRIFICE:

On the 10th of Zil-Hajj at Mina the pilgrims offer a sacrifice in memory of Hazrat Ibrahim who was

Islamiat Inter

-99-

willing to sacrifice his son Hazrat Ismail command of Allah Almighty.

Ch # 1

at the

HALQ (Head Shave): After the sacrifice, the male pilgrims should shave his head and a female pilgrim may clip a lock of hair only. After this the pilgrims are no longer in EHRAM.

IT IS COMPREHENSIVE Hajj is such a prayer as contains the essence of all other prayers. From the point of departure for Hajj till his return a Muslim offers his Namaz regularly and gets closer to Allah Almighty. When he spends money for Hajj it is similar to payment of Zakat. When he controls his sensual desires and avoids moral evils he undergoes a state of fasting. Leaving his home enduring the hardship of travel are similar to the efforts of Jehad. Hazrat Ayesha Siddiquah (R.A) quotes the Holy Prophet as under: "The greatest Jehad is the performance of Hajj” Keeping in view the saying of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Umer (R.A) used to say: "Be prepared for Hajj because it is also a kind of Jehad" THE FEELINGS OF THE VISITORS OF KAA'BA

If we consider the rites of Hajj we will appreciate that every step implies a moral and spiritual training of a Hajji. When a person leaves his nears and dears, shuns worldly pursuits, covers himself with two unsewn sheets, and presents himself with two unsewn sheets, and presents himself at the Bait Ullah Sharif raising the cries of this journey becomes a journey towards the world hereafter. While performing the rites of Hajj in a pure atmosphere he experiences strange feelings. In Medan-e-

Islamiat Inter

-100-

Ch # 1

Arafat he re the tidings of Allah Almighty that in the form of Islam he had perfected their religion as a great gift. He also re the unique commands of the Holy Prophet uttered during his last address that the Muslims should uphold the Holy Quran and Hadith to remain on the right path. When offering sacrifice, he re the great sacrifices of Hazrat Ibrahim. He realizes that his petty sacrifices cannot be a match to those great sacrifices. He realizes that he should live and die for the sake of Allah Almighty. He recites the following verse of the Holy Quran:

Say: Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my life and death, are (all) for Allah the Cherisher of the Worlds. No partner hath He: This am I commanded, and I am the first of those who bow to His Will. At Mina he throws pebbles at his eternal enemy Satan with the intention that if Satan would try to mislead him from the right path, he would not be led astray. When he reaches Bait Ullah he is in a state of ecstasy. He is over whelmed with the joy of looking at the long cherished Bait Ullah Sharif. After circling round the Khana Kaa’ba he runs between Safa and Marva. Here he makes a resolution that he would developed all the powers and energy bestowed upon him by Allah Almighty in the service of Islam and he would always following path prescribed by Hazrat Muhammad following prayers:

. He expresses his desire in the

Islamiat Inter

-101-

Ch # 1

O Allah; keep me on the path of thy Prophet and call me for Hajj and enable me to avoid evil lapses.

BENEFITS The real benefit of Hajj is that one re Allah Almighty throughout the process of Hajj and comes nearer to Allah Almighty. Apart from this Hajj has many other social and moral benefits like other organs of Islam.

1. PURIFICATION: On this occasion people coming from different regions all over the world are purified and chastised.

2. REFORMATION OF SOCIETY: These people are inspired with the power of faith and piety and become a source of reforms and improvement of their respective community. 3. GRANDEUR OF MUSLIM UMMAH:

The grand congregation of Hajj reflects the glory and grandeur of the Muslim Ummah. 4. SIMPLICITY AND EQUALITY: Muslims in pilgrimage meet in one place, Makkah, dressed in one uniform, worshipping Allah Almighty, the One God, and performing the same rites during the fixed period of Hajj. There is no discrimination between them since all are Allah's bondsmen. No white man has preference over a black man, neither the rich over the poor.The people who come from different parts of the world repeat the same Kalma irrespective of their colour, race, nation or country.

5. DEVOTION TO THE CAUSE OF ISLAM:

Islamiat Inter

-102-

Ch # 1

In this way, Muslims are acquainted with one another, cooperate one with the other, and they the day when they will be resurrected and gathered before Allah Almighty who will them for their deeds. Thus, they prepare themselves for the Hereafter and do their best to obey Allah Almighty, their Lord. They are overwhelmed with a spirit of submission to Allah Almighty and appear to be an army of soldiers devoted to the causes of Islam.

6. ECONOMIC GROWTH: Hajj has an important commercial and economic benefit. Pilgrims Hajj is coming from different countries exchange their goods and obtain profit. CONCLUSION: Hajj is one of the fundamental religious institutions of Islam. It is the greatest of all acts of worship. It is, in fact, the culmination of worship. It is an exhibition of brotherhood, equality, punctuality and discipline. It provides an opportunity to Muslims from various countries of the world to become acquinted with one another and of discussing common problems facing the Muslim community. The chief importance lies in the fact that it strengthens one's faith in Islam. The Hajj Accepted and Approved by Allah: The above mentioned collective and individual benefits of Hajj can be fruitful only when our object is to seek the blessings of Allah Almighty. The center of our all activities should be to gain the spiritual objects of Hajj. Only then our Hajj can be accepted and approved by Allah Almighty.

JEHAD When we accept Allah Almighty as sovereign of this world, it is expected that we should follow the dictates of Allah Almighty in all matters of our life. We should not yield

Islamiat Inter

-103-

Ch # 1

to the command of any other authority. If some power other than Allah Almighty tries to become sovereign and enforce its law we should fight against it at the risk of our lives. All the prayers of Islam lead to the inculcation of this spirit of devotion and sacrifice. Without this spirit we can neither survive nor flourish. LITERAL MEANINGS: The word 'Jehad' is derived from the root juhd, which means 'to strive' or 'to struggle'. It denotes the exertion of oneself to the utmost, to the limits of one's capacity, in some activity or for some purpose. DEFINITION: In religious , it means a struggle which is made to preserve and promote Din and to defend the Muslim Ummah. "Jehad means "struggle" and "strive" against evil thoughts, evil action and aggression against a person, family, society or country." The Holy Qur'an uses the verb of "Jehad" in its generic meaning of "exerting the best efforts against something" TYPES OF JEHAD: Some types of Jehad are described as under: 1. JEHAD AGAINST SELFISH DESIRES:

The first power to obstruct man from total submission to Allah Almighty is the selfish desires. These desires are always active in his heart and mind and he has to remain all the time vigilant to keep them under control. Therefore, the Holy Prophet has declared that Jehad against selfish desires is Jehad-e-Akbar (The greatest struggle) . Without this Jehad it is impossible to undertake any other Jehad.

Islamiat Inter

-104-

Ch # 1

2. JEHAD AGAINST SATAN: After overpowering one's self, it is necessary to resist Satan and his agents who always persue one to accept their domination. The Holy Quran describes Satan as Taghut . It is said in the Holy Quran:

Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah Almighty, and those who reject Faith fight in the cause of Evil DIFFERENT WAYS OF JEHAD AGAINST SATAN

In Muslim Society forces of the Taghut exist in the form of false customs and traditions. Outside Islamic Society these powers take the form of supremacy of unIslamic countries. We can deal with these forces of Taghut in different ways. The following saying of the Holy Prophet provides us the best guidance:

When you find evil fight against it If you are not able to fight speak against it and if not consider it wicked in your heart and mind. The mere consideration is the weakest degree of faith. In the light of above mentioned Hadith following would be the ways of Jehad against TAGHUT : JEHAD BY SPEECH: Some times we use our power of speech to fight against Satan. In this respect the Holy Quran gives us a comprehensive direction;

Islamiat Inter

-105-

Ch # 1

And argue with them in the best of manner JEHAD BY WRITING:

Some times we use our power of writing against satan. This type of Jehad is called Jehad by Writing (Pen). JEHAD BY SPENDING MONEY: Sometimes we struggle against Satan by spending our wealth in the cause of Allah Almighty. This type of Jehad is called . If we are inspired with the true spirit of Jehad our insight always guides us towards the right path.

And strive and struggle, with your goods and your persons, in the cause of Allah.

JEHAD BY SWORD (Armed jehad): There comes a time during the conflict between the right and the wrong, when the evil forces resort to an open war instead of a cold war to obstruct and obliterate the right. The Muslims have to fight with these forces to preserve their community and their religion. This fight is of two kinds. 1. The Defensive Jehad:

If any non Muslim power attacks a Muslim country the Muslims of that country are under obligation to carry out Jehad for the protection of their din, faith, life, property and honour. Any effort to make the Islamic country and Islamic communities safe the domination of non-Muslim will be considered Jehad. If Muslims living in a non-Muslim country are being persecuted it is binding on all the Muslim countries to make an effort to liberate those Muslims. This is also a kind of defensive Jehad. The Holy Qura'n guides us:

Islamiat Inter

-106-

Ch # 1

Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you 2. Jehad for Reformation:

A person who reads out Kalma Tayaba and accepts the sovereignty of Allah Almighty and promises to obey the Holy Prophet he is bound to carry out the struggle to enforce the sovereignty of Allah Almighty and the Shariah of Holy Prophet

all over the world. An important

object of the deputation of the Holy Prophet is to set up the true Din in the world. It is said in the Holy Quran:

It is he who hath sent His Messenger with Guidance and the Religion of Truth, to make it shine above every other religion, even though the Pagans may detest (it)

In addition to this Allah Almighty says:

And fight them on until there is no more Tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah altogether and everywhere;

WAR AND JEHAD The opponents of Islam accuse that this religion was spread by the force of sword. This is not the fact. There is a

Islamiat Inter

-107-

Ch # 1

great difference between the sword of a Muslim and the sword of a non believer.

WAR: The sword of a non believer is to capture either a territory or to enslave a nation to satisfy the urge for political or economic supremacy. To achieve this object the non believers resort to utmost cruelty, terrorism and barbarism. In case of success, the victims are deprived of their life and property. JEHAD: As against this, the object Islamic Jehad is always to liberate the people from the tyranny of evil satanic forces and restore their respect and freedom. To achieve this object the Muslims follow the code of war prescribed by Allah Almighty without any personal or selfish consideration. The Islamic Jehad carried out in the battle field and after victory the defeated nation is not subjected to any revenged activities. Every effort is made to create an atmosphere of peace and security so that the people may enjoy and the human rights as guaranteed by Islam. When the non-Muslim finds the Islamic system of social justice, morality and istration, he simplyhave no defence against it and embrace Islam. This change was not brought about by sword but by the Islamic teaching and high character of Mujahedin. The sword was used to uproot the secular forces which prove an obstruction in the way of Islamic system of life. If Islam was spread by the sword, it was the sword of intellect and convincing arguments. It is this sword that conquers the hearts and minds of people.

THE BLESSINGS OF JEHAD Many blessing have been attributed to Jehad, the Holy Quran and books of traditions. 1. Love of Allah Almighty:

Islamiat Inter

-108-

Ch # 1

Allah Almighty loves the people who perform Jehad in His way. It is said in the Holy Quran:

Surely Allah loves those who fight in His way in ranks as if they were a firm and compact wall. 2. Jehad is a Duty: Jehad is a duty binding upon the believers. It is said in the Holy Quran: And strive in His cause as ye ought to strive Respect of Martyres: The people who sacrificed in the way of Allah Almighty, are given a valuable place by the Holy Qur'an. It is said in the Holy Quran:

3.

And say not of those who are slain in the way of Allah: "They are dead." Nay, they are living, though ye perceive (it) not. 3. Hazrat Muhammad says that a journey undertaken in the way of Allah Almighty in the morning or in the evening is superior to all the worldly gifts. The reward of facing the enemy in the name of Allah Almighty is more than the reward of seventy prayers performed at home. 4. Jehad is helpful for the grant of paradise as it is said by the Holy Prophet

:

Paradise lies under the shadow of swords.

Islamiat Inter

-109-

Ch # 1

No doubt it was the spirit of Jehad and the urge for martyrdom which enabled the Muslims to dominate the whole world in the early period of Islam.

LOVE FOR ALLAH AND HIS RASUL AND THEIR OBEDIENCE Blessings of Allah Allah has not only given life but He has granted us all the necessities of life. His blessings are in-numerable and His mercy is infinite. It is said in the Holy Quran:

But if ye count the favours of Allah, never will ye be able to number them. How is it possible not being feel a sense of love and gratefulness for the abundance of gifts and blessings of Allah? It is said in the Holy Quran:

But those of Faith are overflowing in their love for Allah.

Blessing of the Holy Prophet After Allah the object of our love is the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad . It is due to him that we are blessed with the great wealth of Din. The Holy Prophet says that no other Prophet has suffered as much pain and hardship as was inflicted on him. The Holy Prophet bore all the hardship to save the Ummah from hardships in the world hereafter. About the love for the Holy Prophet

he says:

Islamiat Inter

-110-

Ch # 1

No one among you can be a true believer unless he loves the Prophet more than he loves his parents, his offspring, and other people

LOVE FOR THE PROPHET

REQUIRES

TOTAL OBEDIENCE Allah has ened the obedience of the Holy

Prophet

at many places in the Holy Quran: Allah says:

If ye do love Allah, follow me: Allah will love you The condition of obedience to the Holy Prophet is not specific to him. It is said in the Holy Quran that the purpose of deputing Prophets to the world was that people could obey them.

We sent not an Apostle, but to be obeyed, in accordance with the will of Allah

In a hadith it is said that the people who did not follow the commands of the Holy Prophet

will not be

able to see the Prophet at Hauz-e-Kausar. In another hadith the Holy Prophet says

:

Islamiat Inter

-111-

Ch # 1

All my followers will go to paradise except the one who

denies. When asked about him the Holy Prophet said that a person who obeys him will go to paradise and who disobeys him will be the one who denies.

RIGHTS OF HUMAN BEINGS The difference between Islam and other religions is that they are limited to worship only, while Islam is a complete discipline of life and that is why it demands total submission. Allah Almighty said that, "embrace Islam completely". This clearly shows that it is not possible to embrace only a few teachings and leave the remaining behind. However, under various constraints permission is granted for some exceptions. When you are free of those constraints then the permission for exceptions is lifted. The life style expected by Islam covers all aspects of life. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has also given practical teachings himself, as a role model of Islam. Human Rights means rights of human beings. Allah Almighty has provided guidance to mankind about human rights also as if genuine rights of every individual are granted to all the individuals they can devote their talent and energy for the uplift of society with perfect peace of mind. In this way a homogeneous social environment is created. In case the rights of people are usurped, a feeling of discontent and unrest arises which damages the social orders and destructive tendency, paralyses the constructive capability of the of the society. Therefore, a true Muslim is always concerned with the rights of human beings particularly as the rights of Allah Almighty. He considers himself equally able for the rights of human beings before Allah Almighty.

(A)THE RIGHTS OF THE PARENTS

Islamiat Inter

-112-

Ch # 1

(Duties of Children) Among worldly relations, the relations between parents and children have the highest status. In a Society, a person gets maximum help and assistance from his parents. Parents are not only responsible for bringing a person in this world but they are also responsible for his upbringing and education. Only parents sacrifice their comforts and belongings for the sake of their children. Their love and affection is a heavenly shelter for their offspring who grow up, protected from the hardships of life. After Allah Almighty, the existence of human beings is indebted to the kindness of parents. Following are the major Rights of Parents: (1) Right to be respected and obeyed (2) Right to scold and rebuke (3) Right to be looked after (4) Right to be helped (5) Right to kind words/good behaviour Therefore, Allah Almighty has exhorted us to discharge the rights of parents in the Holy Quran at many places. Allah Almighty says:

Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in their life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in of

Islamiat Inter

-113-

Ch # 1

honour. And, out of kindness, lower to them the wing of humility, and say: My Lord! Bestow on them thy Mercy even as they cherished me in childhood! In the light of the above mentioned Verse following are the important points regarding rights of the parents: 1. Great Importance: Kindness and respect to parents is placed only next to belief in Oneness of Allah Almighty. 2. Gentle Treatment : Gentle Treatment with the parents is clearly ordered.

3. Look After in Old Age : It is ordered to look after the parents in their old age. 4. Polite Conversation : Gentle and polite conversation is advised. 5. Praying for Them : Praying for their life hereafter is also mandatory. SAYING OF THE HOLY PROPHET

:

The Holy Prophet has greatly emphasized that we should serve our old parents because they have spent the energy and capability of their life in the upbrining of their children. It is therefore, obligatory for the offspring to the parents in old age. 1. Once the Holy Prophet declared he is degraded! "He is degraded", "he is degraded". The

companions of the Holy Prophet

asked about this

person. The Holy Prophet explained "he is the person who failed to win paradise because he did not serve his parents in old age."

2.

Hazrat Muhammad

has declared,

Islamiat Inter

-114-

Ch # 1

"A person who is disobedient to his parents will be deprived of the fragrance of paradise."

(B) RIGHTS OF THE OFFSPRING (Duties of Parents) Before the advent of Islam, there was an age when people killed their offspring. Islam revived the love and affection of man for his offspring. The practice of murder of offspring was eliminated and love of the parents for their children was restored. Murder of the offspring is prohibited: Murder of the offspring is prohibited in Islam and its arguments are: 1. In the Holy Quran the murder of the offspring has been prohibited in the following words:

Kill not your children for fear of want; We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin. 2. Once a companion of the Holy Prophet asked him about the greatest sin, He replied, "Shirk". He asked about the sin of lesser degree after Shirk. The Holy Prophet declared that after Shirk, the disobedience of the parents and then killing of the offspring due to the fear that they would share your food resources are great sins. According to the teaching of Islam, the offspring has following rights:  Right to live  Provision of basic needs like food, accommodation and medical treatment  Right to get education

Islamiat Inter

-115-

Ch # 1

It is the duty of parents that in addition to making their children earn their livelihood, they should also inculcate in them a concern for life in the world hereafter and commission of good deeds. Allah Almighty points out the responsibility of parents in this respect in the following words:

O ye who believed save yourselves and your families from a fire (1) Right to Basic Need. (2) Right to education. (3) Right to love and affection (4) Right to be well provided (materially) If parents discharge these rights well they not only win the blessings of Allah Almighty but also get the service and help of their offspring in old age. If they ignore the rights of their children they are left unprotected in their old age. If the parents discharge the right of their offspring

according to Allah Almighty and the Holy Prophet , it will not only become a source of comfort for them in this world but also win for them their salvation. Islam sees that if parents fulfilll their duties towards all their children in of providing them with necessary training, educational backing, moral, ethical and religious education, this will definitely lead to a more caring child, a better family atmosphere and a better social environment and awareness. On the other hand, any negligence in those parental duties can lead to the loss of a child or ill treatment of the parents at a later age.

(C)

MUTUAL RIGHTS OF HUSBAND AND WIFE

The basic unit of society is home and the peace and prosperity of a home depend on cordial relations between husband and wife. This happy relationship only guarantees

Islamiat Inter

-116-

Ch # 1

the happiness of two individuals and of two families. The deterioration in this relationship weakens many other relations. Allah Almighty says about the rights of husband and wife in following words:

And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree (of advantage) over them 1. RIGHTS OF HUSBAND (Duties of Wife): The main obligation of the wife as a partner in a marital relationship is to contribute to the success and blissfulness of the marriage as much as possible. She must be attentive to the comfort and well-being of her mate. She may neither offend him nor hurt his feelings. Perhaps nothing can illustrate the point better than the Qur'anic statement which describes the righteous people as those who pray saying:

"Our Lord! Grant unto us wives and offspring who will be the joy and the comfort of our eyes, and guide us to be models of righteousness." Allah Almighty describes the qualities of a good wife as under:

Therefore, the righteous women are obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence A man is responsible for the provision of needs of his wife and children as well as their protection. The women have been bound to remain faithful and obedient to their husbands. The following sayings of the Holy Prophet

Islamiat Inter

-117-

Ch # 1

indicate the status of husband before his wife, "If I had ordered to bow before any one other than Allah Almighty I would have ordered a wife to bow before her husband." This is the basis on which all the wife's obligations rest and from which they flow. To fulfilll this basic obligation: 1The wife must be faithful, trustworthy, and honest.

It is related by Anas (R.A) that the Prophet said "If a woman offers five times daily prayer, keeps the fasts of Ramadan, guards her honour and obeys her husband, then she will enter Paradise by whichever gate she pleases." 2She must not deceive her mate by deliberately avoiding conception lest it deprive him of legitimate progeny. 3She must not allow any other person to have access to that which is exclusively the husband's right. 4She must not receive anyone in his home whom the husband does not like. 5She may not accept their gifts without his approval. This is probably meant to avoid jealousy, suspicion, gossip, etc., and also to maintain the integrity of all parties concerned. 6The husband's possessions are her trust. If she has access to any portion thereof, or if she is entrusted with any fund, she must discharge her duty wisely and thriftily. She may not lend or dispose of any of his belongings without his permission. 7With respect to intimacy, the wife is to make herself desirable; to be attractive, responsive, and cooperative. 8A wife may not deny herself to her husband, for the Qur'an speaks of them as a comfort to each other.

Islamiat Inter

9-

-118-

Ch # 1

Due consideration is, of course, given to health and decency. Moreover, the wife is not permitted to do anything that may render her companionship less desirable or less gratifying. If she neglects herself, the husband has the right to interfere with her freedom to rectify the situation and insure maximum self-fulfilllment for both partners. She is not permitted to do anything on his part that may impede her gratification."

The Prophet

has said

"A woman who dies in the state that her husband is pleased with her, shall go to Paradise." 2. RIGHTS OF WIFE (Duties of Husband): This superior status of man is for the purpose conducting house hold affairs in a courageous better way and not to inflict cruelty on woman. Islam the only religion which restored self respect of women. Men were entrusted with the responsibility to protect women and not to rule over them. It was emphasis that wives should be well treated. The Holy Prophet emphasized good treatment of wives. He says:

He is better among you who is good to his wife Once a companion of the Holy Prophet asked him, "What is the right of a wife on her husband?" The Holy Prophet replied, "A husband should provide to his wife the same food and the same clothes as he chooses for himself. He should not slap her abuse her". The Holy

Prophet was so conscious of the rights of wives that in his Khutba Hijjat-ul-Wadda he greatly emphasized decent treatment with them. The husband has been advised not to

Islamiat Inter

-119-

Ch # 1

misuse his powers and refrain from maltreating his wife. He should ignore her minor defects and appreciate her good points. In this context Allah Almighty says:

On the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and equity. If ye take a dislike to them, it may be that ye dislike a thing, and Allah Almighty brings about through it a great deal of good. This has been further explained by the Holy Prophet in the following tradition, "Do not hate your wives for their defects. If you try to find out any good point in them you will surely find it." 1Consort with his wife in an equitable and kind manner. Allah Almighty says, "… and consort with them in kindness." (An-Nisa': 19) 2Have responsibility for the full maintenance of the wife, a duty which he must discharge cheerfully, without reproach, injury, or condescendence. Allah Almighty says: "Let him who hath abundance spend of his abundance, and he whose provision is measured, let him spend of that which Allah Almighty hath given him. Allah Almighty asketh naught of any soul save that which He hath given it. Allah Almighty will vouchsafe, after hardship, ease." (AtTalaq: 7) Components of Maintenance: Maintenance entails the wife's incontestable right to lodging, clothing, nourishing, and general care and wellbeing. 1The wife's residence must be adequate so as to provide her with the reasonable level of privacy, comfort, and independence. The welfare of the wife and the stability of the marriage should be the ultimate goal.

Islamiat Inter

-120-

Ch # 1

2-

What is true of the residence is true of clothing, food, and general care. The wife has the right to be clothed, fed, and cared for by the husband, in accordance with his means and her style of life. These rights are to be exercised without extravagance or miserliness. Non-Material Rights: A husband is commanded by the law of God to: 1Treat his wife with equity. 2Respect her feelings, and to show her kindness and consideration. 3Not to show his wife any aversion or to subject her to suspense or uncertainty. 4Not to keep his wife with the intention of inflicting harm on her or hindering her freedom. 5Let her demand freedom from the marital bond, if he has no love or sympathy for her. In short the significance of marriage and the aims and advantages that are associated with it are self-evident. Peace of mind and a happy life are greatly dependent on the mutual relationship that develops between husband and wife.

(D) RIGHTS OF RELATIVES After the rights of parents, offspring and wives Islam emphasizes the rights of relatives. In Islamic , 'Silah-Rahimi' is used to denote good treatment towards the relatives'. In social life a man mostly deals with his relatives after the of his family. If of a family discharge their mutual rights properly a happy atmosphere of love and affection will prevail. Other wise hatred and estrangement will poison the atmosphere. The peace and harmony of the family will be destroyed. In the Holy Quran as well as in the Hadiths decent treatment with relatives has been repeatedly emphaised. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Islamiat Inter

-121-

Ch # 1

And render to the kindred their due rights MONITORY HELP: The Muslims have been ordered to look after the needs of their relatives so that they may not be forced to beg from others. The Muslims have been called upon to give priority to their relatives while spending on of charity. CONSOLATION IN SUFFERINGS: They should not make their relatives suffer from a sense of loneliness or a sense of inferiority. They should share the sorrows and joys of their relatives. Assistance through relatives does not injure the self respect of a person. If a man begs others for help he as well as his family is degraded. KIND TREATMENT: Basically, there are two ways of being kind and considerate to relatives. One is by giving them monetary assistance, when needed, and the other is by devoting a part of one's time and energy at their service. REGARD OF RIGHTS: Family quarrels, which generally arise from the disregard of the relatives' rights, affect a man's health and make it difficult for him to concentrate in his work. Those who treat their relatives well and are helpful to them are free from tensions of this kind and they are happier and more peaceful.

SAYINGS OF THE PROPHET ABOUT RELATIVES: 1. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has said:

"Whoever violates the rights of relatives shall not go to Paradise.”

Islamiat Inter

-122-

Ch # 1

This Hadith, alone, should be enough to make us realize the importance of Silah-Rahimi'. It shows that the violation of the relatives' rights is so detested by Allah Almighty, that with its filthiness, no one can enter Paradise. It is only when a person (believer) has received his punishment or has been forgiven, that the gates of Paradise will be opened for him. 2. If we take care of the rights of our relatives according to the teachings of Allah Almighty and the Holy Prophet society will be safe from many evils. It is related by Anas (R.A.) that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, "Whoever wants an increase in his sustenance and that the marks of his feet remain for a long time in the world (i.e. to live long) - he should be kind and helpful to his relatives." 3. Often, there are people who care little for the bonds of relationship and are ruin and unjust in this respect.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has ened to continue to treat them well and fulfilll the obligations, irrespective of what they do and how they behave. Abdullah ibn Umar (R.A.) relates from the Prophet Muhammad

(PBUH),

"He does not fulfilll the claim of Silah-Rahimi who shows no kindness in return for the kindness shown to him. The person who really fulfills the claim is he who treats his relatives well even when they are mean and unjust to him. In short, when the violation of the rights of relatives is returned in a similar manner, the evil will spread in the society -- while if it is returned with kindness, it may lead to their correction and it will assist in the promotion of SilahRahimi, in the life of the community.

(E)THE RIGHTS OF TEACHERS Islam has made acquisition of knowledge compulsory for the Muslims and the teachers have been assigned the

Islamiat Inter

-123-

Ch # 1

highest position to ensure the prestige of knowledge and mankind. Importance of Teachers: The prestige of the profession of teaching becomes sublime when we find that it has a special relationship with

the mission of the Holy Prophet says:

. The Holy Prophet

I have been sent as a teacher Teachers reform the thought and action of the new generation by imparting proper guidance and instruction. The new generation grows up under their prescribed moulds and models. DIGNITY OF TEACHERS:

The Holy Prophet says about the dignity and respect of a teacher, "You have three fathers. First is responsible for your birth, the second who engaged his daughter with you and the third who imparted knowledge to you". RIGHTS:  Respect  Obedience  Submission to Orders  Following the Instructions The teacher saturates the students with the rain of knowledge. It depends on the students how much knowledge they can absorb and enrich their character and personality. A teacher like the parents is never jealous of his student. There is a custom among the Muslims that students adopt the name of their teacher to show their respect and sense of gratitude for him. In this way, the name of the teacher becomes immortal through his able students.

Islamiat Inter

-124-

Ch # 1

(F) THE RIGHTS OF NEIGHBOURS In daily life, a person has to deal with his neighbour. Therefore, the rights of neighbours have been greatly emphasized. There are three kinds of neighbours who deserve special treatment: THREE KINDS OF NEIGHBOURS: According to the Holy Qur’an Neighbours are of three kinds:

Neighbours who are near, neighbours who are strangers, the companion by your side, the wayfarer (ye meet), i. Neighbours who are relatives ii. Non-relative neighbours even if they are non Muslims iii. Temporary relationship with colleagues or during journey together. RIGHTS OF NEIGHBOURS ACCORDING TO HADITH (sayings of the Prophet ) Some of the traditions regarding the rights of neighbours are presenteded below: a. A person who eats while his neighbour is hungry is not a believer. b. A person who is good and kind to his neighbours holds a superior position among you. c. If a neightbour needs your help, help him; If he asks for a loan, give him; if he is a destitute, give him financial assistance; if he falls ill, arrange for his treatment and if he dies accompany his funeral to the grave yard and look after his children; if he wins an honour, congratulate him; if he suffers a hardships, sympathise with him; do not raise your wall so high as to obstruct his light and air; if you bring sweets or fruits send him a share.

d.

Hazrat Mujahid says that the Holy Prophet emphasized the rights of neighbours to such an

Islamiat Inter

-125-

Ch # 1

extent that we thought as if they might be entitled to a share in the inheritance. e.

Once the Holy Prophet was told about a woman that she was very pious, regular in prayers, kept fast and offered Tahjud prayer but persecuted her

neighbours. The Holy Prophet declared that she would go to hell. Then another woman was mentioned who offered compulsory prayers but the Holy Prophet declared that she would go to paradise. Nevertheless, these traditions and teachings explain clearly the importance of good and kind treatment to neighbors and they are a clear onition to those who remain indifferent to the needs and difficulties of their neighbors and care nothing for them.

(G) THE RIGHTS OF NON-MUSLIMS Allah Almighty has made it clear in the Holy Quran that the non-believers could never be the friends of Muslims. Inspite of this it has been instructed to accord a decent treatment to the non-Muslims. It is the great quality of Islam that non-Muslims have been granted equal rights. Islam is a religion of mercy to all people, both Muslims and non-Muslims. The Prophet was described as being a mercy in the Quran due to the message he brought for humanity:

"And We have not sent you but as a mercy to all the worlds."

CLASSIFICATION OF NON-MUSLIM: 1. Permanent Residents Muslim jurists use the term ' People of the Covenant ' (Arabic 'dhimmi' or 'Ahl ul-Dhimma' ) to refer to non-Muslim residents. It is not a derogatory term, as

Islamiat Inter

-126-

Ch # 1

some have made it seem. In Arabic language the word 'dhimma' means a treaty of protection for non-Muslims living in Muslim territory. A similar term, 'Ahl ulDhimma' , means 'People of the Covenant ,' because they are protected under the covenant extended to them by

Prophet Muhammad

and the Muslims.

2. Temporary Residents This category includes two types: i. The residents of non-Muslims countries who are at peace with Muslims through specific peace agreements, international treaties, or other mechanisms, who temporarily come to Muslim countries for work, education, business, diplomatic missions, and so forth. ii. The residents of non-Muslims countries with whom Muslims do not have a pact of peace, or who may be at war with Muslims, who temporarily come to Muslim countries for work, education, business, diplomatic missions, and so forth. All classes have general rights common to them, and exclusive rights specific to each group. THE GENERAL RIGHTS OF NON-MUSLIMS 1. FREEDOM OF FAITH

:

Islam does not compel people of other faiths to convert. It has given them complete freedom to retain their own faith and not to be forced to embrace Islam. This freedom is documented in both the Quran and the Prophetic teachings known as Sunnah. The people of other religions be free to practice their own faith, only accepting the guidance offered by Islam by their own choice. God says in the Quran: "There is no compulsion in religion…" Allah Almighty has also forbidden Muslims from speaking ill of the gods and deities worshipped by nonMuslims so that they do not speak ill of the One, True God.

Islamiat Inter

-127-

Ch # 1

"Do not revile those whom they call upon besides Allah, lest they out of spite revile Allah in their ignorance". 2. KIND TREATMENT : Not only does Islam demand their freedom to practice religion, but also that they be treated justly as any other fellow human. The Muslims have been urged to treat the Muslims kindly. Warning against any abuse of nonMuslims in an Islamic society, the Prophet stated: "Beware! Whoever is cruel and hard on a non-Muslim minority, curtails their rights, burdens them with more than they can bear, or takes anything from them against their free

will; I (Prophet Muhammad will complain against the person on the Day of Judgment." (Abu Dawud) 3. RIGHT TO JUSTICE: Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

And let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be jus: That is next to piety and fear Allah. 4. FREEDOM OF SOCIAL LAWS: Islam also permitted non-Muslims to observe their civil law in matters such as marriage and divorce. Regarding criminal justice, Muslim jurists would sentences on nonMuslims in issues considered sinful in their religion such as theft, but exempted them from issues they held to be permissible such as drinking wine and eating pork. Allah Almighty says,

Islamiat Inter

-128-

Ch # 1

"…If they do come to you, either judge between them or decline to interfere…" 5. PROTECTION OF HONOUR: Non-Muslims have the right that their honour be protected. This right is extended not only to non-Muslim residents, but also to visitors. They all have the right to be secure and protected. Allah Almighty says:

"And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of God (the Quran). Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know." In short, Islam desires that its followers should treat the non-Muslims as a doctor treats his patients. Due to this decent treatment, the Muslims have always been able to win the hearts of non Muslims.

Islamiat Inter

-129-

Ch # 1

SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS

A. Good Morals Islam aims at making human society happy and prosperous. Therefore, morals and good conduct have been accorded great importance. It has been declared the religious duty of the Muslims to uphold moral values. A believer adheres to these moral values because his nature, fortified by faith, induces him to do so, and because the religion he believes in commands him with them and promises him a reward for them in the Hereafter. A few of the moral values are described as under:

1. HONESTY (Trustworthiness) Meaning and Definition: Honesty means doing the right thing in the right way at the right time. Honesty means objectivity in judgment, objectivity in evaluation, and objectivity in decisions of all types. Honesty implies the right selection of personnel and the right promotion of personnel, i.e., selection by merit and promotion by merit, not by temper or favouritism or personal relations. Honesty in words implies telling the truth in all cases and under all conditions. Honesty also implies fulfillling the promise, whether written or given orally, in text and spirit. Honesty also implies giving the right advice to the one who asks for it. Honesty also implies doing one's work as sincerely and as perfectly as possible. Honesty also implies carrying out duties as fully as possible whether the person is supervised or not. Honesty means giving every person his due rights without his asking for these rights. Thus, Honesty is the basic requirement of the proper maintenance of economic and social relations. If there is no honesty in a society the business matters as well as private

Islamiat Inter

-130-

Ch # 1

relationship is deteriorated beyond reforms. Mutual trust is ruined. HONESTY IN THE LIGHT OF THE HOLY QURA'N: Islam urges its followers to observe honesty to save themselves from the above harmful effects. 1. Allah Almighty says:

Allah Almighty doth command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due 2. While describing the qualities of people who are successful in this world as well as in the world hereafter it has been declared:

Those who faithfully observe their trust and their covenants 3. It is ordered in the Holy Qura'n to be honest and to render back the Trusts.

Let him who is trusted deliver up that which is entrusted to him HONESTY IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH: 1. Honesty is necessary for Faith: The Holy Prophet has declared that a person without honesty is a person without faith.

2. Dishonesty is the symbol of a Hypocrite: Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three characteristics of a hypocrites to identify him:

Islamiat Inter

-131-

Ch # 1

 When he speaks he tells lies.  When he makes a promise, he never keeps it.  When he is given a trust he misappropriates it. 3. Conversation in company is Amanat (Trust): The Holy Prophet has declared that the contents of a conversation in company are also Amanat (Trust). It means that it is dishonesty to convey the talk heard at one place to the other.

4. Deceitfulness Leads to Hell: The Holy Prophet

said:

"He who cheats is not of us. Deceitfulness and fraud are things that lead one to Hell." USWA-E-HASANAH : It is well known that even before his induction as Prophet Hazrat Muhammad

was called "Al-Ameen"

i.e. Most Honest in the dishonest society of Arabia. He was conscious of his obligations as an honest person. So much so that at the time of migration from Madina he ensured the return of trusts in his charge to those people who are out to murder him. EFFECTS: 1. Love and Respect 2. Social Co-operation 3. Social Peace 4. Economic Progress 5. Unity 6. Blessings of Allah Almighty In Islam, honesty is not confined only to business dealings but includes the discharge of all obligations

Islamiat Inter

-132-

Ch # 1

pertaining to rights of people. The Muslims have been urged that they should consider all their physical and intellectual capabilities as a trust from Allah Almighty. They should exercise these faculties keeping in mind that they are able for their use and misuse before Allah Almighty. In view of this definition of honesty it is impossible for a Muslim to be dishonest.

2. FULFILLLMENT OF PROMISES In human relationship Fulfilllment of promise is of great significance. Most of our dealings are conducted on the basis of promises. If promises are kept all matters are disposed of smoothly. If promises are broken all matters are spoiled. Meaning: Promise means to make a commitment or to make a prediction about; tell in advance Definition: It is verbal or non verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) in future. Fulfilllment of Promises in the light of The Holy Qura'n: Therefore, Islam emphasizes the fulfilllment of promises. Following are some quotations from the Holy Qur'an: 1. Sign of a Faithful: To fulfilll the promise is the sign of a faithful as Allah Almighty says:

Those who faithfully observe their trust and their covenants 2. Duty of a Faithful: To fulfilll the promise is the duty of a faithful as Allah Almighty says:

Islamiat Inter

-133-

Ch # 1

O ye who believe! fulfilll (all) obligations. In the Verse of Virtue, it is clearly commanded as a part of real Virtue:

And to fulfilll the contracts which ye have made 3. Enquiry on the Day of Judgment: One shall be answerable about one's promises on the Day of Judgment as Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

For every Engagement will be enquired into (On the Day of Reckoning) 4. Faith is also a Promise: Among the promises made by man, the greatest pledge is his submission before Allah Almighty as his creator since the day of creation. In the Holy Quran, man has been reminded thus:

And fulfilll the covenant of Allah. Thus doth He command you, that ye may . In another place it has been emphasized that mutual pacts and collective relations may be upheld and honoured thus:

Islamiat Inter

-134-

Ch # 1

Those who fulfilll the covenant of Allah and turn not after entering into a covenant. And those who what Allah has commanded to Fulfilllment of Promises in the light of Hadith: 1. Necessary for Faith: It has been narrated by Hazrat Ans that the Holy Prophet

often said in his addresses;

A person who does not keep a promise is without Din 2. The symbol of a Hypocrite: Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three characteristics of hypocrites to identify him:  When he speaks he tells lies.  When he makes a promise, he never keeps it.  When he is given a trust he misappropriates it. USWA-E-HASANAH : The Holy Prophet always remained true to his word under the most difficult circumstances. The Treaty of Hudaibiya: When on the occasion of Sulah Hudaibiya Hazrat Abu Jandal appeared in chains before the Holy Prophet and showed the signs of torture on his body inflicted

by Makkans, and requested the Holy Prophet that he might be take to Madina, the Holy refused because it was a violation of the of Hudaibiya pact. The companions of the Holy Prophet were in a state of unrest when they saw the pitiable condition of Hazrat Abu Jandal but they remained patient in honour of the Hudaibiya pact. EFFECTS:

Islamiat Inter

-135-

Ch # 1

 Love and Respect  Social Co-operation  Economic Progress  Unity  Blessings of Allah Almighty  Prosperity  Social Peace All the matters regarding business dealings and discharge of mutual rights are part of Fulfilllment of promises. It is therefore, a part of our faith that we should keep and uphold our pacts and promises.

3. Truth Truth is a universal fact which cannot be denied. Without truth, we cannot remain in peace. Meaning and Definition: The Arabic word Sidq means to tell the truth and to be straightforward in Talk. Types: Sidq can be catagorized in three types: i. Truth in Talk

ii.

Truth in Action

iii. Truth in Thoughts In The Light of Qur'an: 1. In the Holy Quran Allah Almighty has declared His truthfulness, thus:

2.

And whose word can be truer than Allah! Allah Almighty has commanded the faithful to be truthful:

Islamiat Inter

-136-

Ch # 1

O ye who believe! fear Allah and be with those who are true (in word and deed). 3. The truth is the Sign of Piety:

And he who brings the truth and He who confirms (and s) it - such are the men who do right. In The Light of Hadith: 1.

The Holy Prophet comprehensively.

has described this matter

Truth saves man from all peril and lying kills him 2.   

Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three characteristics of a hypocrites to identify him: When he speaks he tells lies. When he makes a promise, he never keeps it. When he is given a trust he misappropriates it.

3.

Once the Holy Prophet was asked as to which action took us to paradise. He replied that speaking the truth is a good act which enforces our faith and this enforcement of faith guarantees our entry to paradise. In the Holy Quran, the quality of truthfulness of all the Prophet has been highlighted. The source of all truth is Allah Almighty. All the Prophets derived truth from Allah Almighty and spread it all over the world. A person who denies truth follows falsehood and lies all his life and is ultimately destroyed. In the Holy Quran, truth not only means truth in speech but also includes the truth in ones action and thought. A person is true who not only speaks truth but also acts and thinks truthfully.

4. Justice

Islamiat Inter

-137-

Ch # 1

Adl is an Arabic word meaning 'justice'. In Islamic theology, it is defined as, “Put something on its right place” while Insa’af means even distribution. Justice demands that every person should get his rightful dues. In a system based on justice all the social matters are dealt with smoothly but injustice paralyses every part of

society. Before the advent of the Holy Prophet there was absolutely no concept of justice. The powerful and mighty considered the pursuit of persecution as their right and the weak had to suffer it as their fate. Due to introduction of Islam, this chapter of persecution and tyranny was closed and a high standard of justice was established in the world which eliminated all distinctions based on colour, race, nation, and country. The barrier of hatred between different classes and groups of mankind was demolished by Islam and all human beings became equal to one another. Teachings of the Holy Qur’an: Islam as a religion called for an equality among all mankind without any distinction in accordance with the demand of justice. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran: .1

O Ye who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just; that is next to piety‫۔‬ .2

Islamiat Inter

-138-

Ch # 1

And be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair (and just). The concept of justice in Islam gives no importance to high position or office. The sayings of the Holy Prophet

uttered in response to the recommendations of certain people to let off a woman named Fatima of Qabila Banni Makhzum who had committed theft, highlights the Islamic Concept of Justice. The Holy Prophet said, “The nations before your time were ruined because they punished the weak and let off the powerful. By Allah! If Fatima

daughter of Muhammad had committed theft I would have cut off her hands.” The main characteristic of an Islamic Government has always been to ister justice without any fear or favour. In fact the real object of an Islamic Government is the establishment of a system of justice. As such the Holy Prophet the shadow of Allah.

has declared a just ruler as

5. Respect for Law As the system of universe is bound by certain natural laws, similarly the establishment and existence of human society is based on social, moral, and religious laws and orders. Every body realizes the need for law and its observance but very few people fully abide by the law in letter and spirit. In the present day, world individuals as well as nations are unwilling to follow the laws and rules in the conduct of public and private affairs. This tendency for lawlessness has destroyed peace and harmony in the world. Causes of Violation of Law: The question arises as to why man violates law although he realizes its usefulness. There are two important causes of this attitude:

Islamiat Inter

-139-

i.

Selfishness

ii.

Considering oneself above law

Ch # 1

Islam has eradicated these causes and has made Muslims strict followers of law. On the one side, Islam teaches them submission to Allah Almighty and inculcates in them a spirit of sacrifice and generosity. On the other side, Islam makes them conscious of ability in the world hereafter. It has been made clear that even if a person escapes from law due to influence or fraud he will not be able to escape from the judgement of Allah Almighty. This sense of ability compels people in Islamic society to appear before the courts of law to get punishment for their misdeeds in this world so that they may not suffer from torture in the world hereafter. To create a true spirit of respect for law among the people it is necessary that the ruling class should uphold law and should not use their influence to escape from law. In the world of today every body talks of equality before law but in practice all the constitutions equality before law but in practice al the constitutions in the world provide special privileges to the ruling class. Islamic History: In Islamic history, it is narrated that once the zarha (Armour) of Hazrat Ali (R.A) was lost which was later on recovered from a Jew. Although Hazrat Ali was caliph, yet he took this case to court of a Qazi. The Qazi refused to accept the evidence of his son and slave because of their close relationship with him. As a result, he withdrew his claim. The Jew was so impressed by this example of respect for law that he embraced Islam.

6. Earning of Rightful Livelihood Lawful earning is a binding duty of every Muslim. Lawful earning means earning in the right ways told by the

Islamiat Inter

-140-

Ch # 1

Prophet of Allah Almighty. Livelihood earned through right ways not only brings prosperity but also causes the social peace. About the earning of rightful livelihood Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran: O ye Messengers! Enjoy (All) things good and pure, and work righteousness

O ye people! Eat of what is on earth, lawful and good; O ye who believe! Eat of the good things that we have provided for you In Islam, earning of livelihood has been accorded great importance with reference to prayers and mutual dealings. A prayer is not acceptable in the eyes of Allah Almighty if the worshipper does not earn his livelihood by fair means Allah Almighty says:

And do not eat up your property among yourselves for vanities. Different Malpractices: A Society is doomed where evils like dishonesty, injustice, corruption, theft, robbery, hoarding, fraud, and lottery are rampant. Islam teaches us to avoid all these unfair means to earn livelihood. The people indulging in these malpractices will go to hell. Hadiths about Lawful Earning: 1. The Holy Prophet

says:

Islamiat Inter

-141-

Ch # 1

“A person fed on Haram sources of income should go to hell.” 2. A person earning a rightful livelihood is beloved of Allah Almighty:

A person who believes in Allah Almighty and the Day of Judgment will never resort to unfair means and will never give up fair means. Only that person would adopt Haram means who suffers from an evil misunderstanding that he could earn more than his share fixed by Allah Almighty. How to Avoid: To avoid malpractices it is necessary that instead of hankering after a high standard of life we should exercise simplicity austerity, moderation and contentment.

7. Sacrifice Love of the world makes man selfish and love of Allah Almighty creates a sense of sacrifice. When a man suffers hardship to make the life of fellow human beings comfortable he is blessed by Allah Almighty in this world and world hereafter. USWA-E-HASANAH: In addition to other qualities, the Holy Prophet was an embodiment of sacrifice and generosity. Although he was the head of the state, yet he led a life of extreme poverty and hardship. For weeks, no food was cooked in his house but no needy person was turned out unattended. If he did not possess any thing, he borrowed to fulfilll the need of a person. Once he slaughtered an animal and sent its meat home for distribution. After sometime, he came and asked how much mean has been distributed and how much was left. He was told that good meat had been distributed and bad kind of meat was left. The Holy

Islamiat Inter

-142-

Ch # 1

Prophet declared that the meat distributed was really left and the undistributed portion was actually destroyed. Sacrifice of The Sahaba:

The companions of the Holy Prophet were also inspired by a sense of sacrifice and always preferred the needs of others to their own needs. 1. Once the Muslims were urged to contribute in cash and kind to raise an army against the Romans. Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique brought all his house hold belongings for the purpose. Once Hazrat Usman purchased food grain paying manifold profit and distributed it free of cost during famine. 2. A moving incident about the sense of sacrifice of the companions of the Holy Prophet is often quoted. Once a hungry and thirsty person appeared before the Holy Prophet . The Holy Prophet could not offer him anything but water. As usual, an Ansari companion took that person to his house. There he found that the available food was sufficient only for the children. The companion advised his wife who made the children sleep without the food. He further advised his wife to put off the lamp at the time of serving the food so that the guest may not know that they were not sharing the food. It was done accordingly. The guest ate to his heart's content and the whole family of the Ansari companion remained hungry. In the morning when this companion appeared before the Holy Prophet he conveyed him the blessing of Allah Almighty for his act of sacrifice. Allah Almighty praises such sacrificing people in the following words: But give them preference over themselves, even though poverty was their (own lot) Sacrifice at the Time of Migration:

Islamiat Inter

-143-

Ch # 1

At the time of migration of Madina, the Ansar of Madina made great sacrifice for the refugees migrating from Makkah. Their sacrifices are unprecedented in the history of the world.

B. BASE MORAL Good morals make man successful and happy in this world as well as in the world hereafter. Similarly, there are certain bad and base morals which turn man into an animal and he is deprived of the blessing of Allah Almighty in the world hereafter. The Muslims are expected to adopt good morals and avoid base morals which damage the character and personality of man. Some of the base morals are described as under:

1. Lie Lying in itself in an evil but it causes many other moral evils also. Lying has been very strongly condemned in Islam.

Condemnation of Lie A. In the Holy Qur’an: 1. Order to avoid Lie:

And shun the word that is false 2. Curse of Allah Almighty: A liar deserves the curse of Allah Almighty:

The curse of Allah on those who lie 3. A Lier is not guided: Allah Almighty does not bless the lier with guidance.

But Allah guides not such as are false and ungrateful

Islamiat Inter

-144-

Ch # 1

Teachings of Hadith: 1.

2. 3.

Once the Holy Prophet was asked as to which action took us to paradise. He replied that speaking the truth is a good act which enforces our faith and this enforcement of faith guarantees our entry to paradise. The Holy Prophet was further asked as to which carries us to hell. He replied when a person lie committed sin. This sin would lead him to Kufr (loss faith), and he would go to hell. Lie is on of the signs of a hypocrite. The truth saves the human beings from every trouble and the falsehood results into their destruction.

Different Forms of Lie: Lying does not mean merely telling of lies. Many other undesirable acts are also treated as lies, e.g. to capture goods belonging to other person by unfair means, giving short measures, taking bride and exercising hypocrisy etc. The Holy Prophet has also declared ostentation as a kind of lying. Lying puts an end to mutual trust and confidence and makes social life very complicated. The Muslims should avoid all kinds of lying.

2. Backbiting Among social evils, backbiting is the worst but unfortunately, it is very common in our society. Only a few people are free from this evil. Allah Almighty calls upon the Muslims to avoid this evil;

Islamiat Inter

-145-

Ch # 1

Nor speak ill of each other behind their backs. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay ye would abhor it. Backbiting has been compared to the eating of the flesh of one's dead brother. As a matter of fact the victim of backbiting cannot defend himself. Back biting promotes mutual hatred and enmity. A backbiter considers himself free from all evils and the victim who is exposed through back biting becomes obstinate. In short back biting destroys socials peace and harmony. In a tradition the Holy Prophet , describing the experience of Meraj Sharif, told that he saw a group of people who had nails of copper and who were scratching their faces and chests with these

nails. When the Holy Prophet asked the Jabrael about these people he replied that these people ate the flesh of fellow human beings and degraded them (i.e., they were indulging in back biting). Allowed Cases of Backbiting: In Islamic Shariah, backbiting has been allowed in two cases only, first, to convey the petition of an oppressed against the tyrant and, second to inform the people of the cheating of a fraudulent person. Certain scholars have included mimicry and degrading gestures in back biting. THE DIFFERENCE SLANDER:

BETWEEN

BACKBITING

AND

It is necessary to differentiate between backbiting and slander. Backbiting means to speak ill of a person in his absence. In this case only those short comings are mentioned which actually exist. Slander means to ascribe an evil to a man which is not there, his character and in this way his personality is tarnished.

3. HYPOCRISY Meaning:

Islamiat Inter

-146-

Ch # 1

Hypocrisy means a feigning to be what one is not or to believe what one does not; especially: the false assumption of an appearance of virtue or religion. And a person is hypocrite when a person who pretends to have virtues, moral or religious beliefs, principles, etc., that he or she does not actually possess, especially a person whose actions belie stated beliefs.

Two Kinds of Hypocrites: The scholars have described two kinds of hypocrites. Aiteqadi Hypocrites: First are those who are not convinced of the truthfulness of Islam. They try to damage both the Muslims and Islam out of mischief or expediency. These are called Aiteqadi hypocrites. Practical Hypocrites: Second kind of hypocrites is those who sincerely believe in Islam but do not know its teaching practically due to laziness or indifference. These are called practical hypocrites. The first kind of hypocrites are worse than non believers whereas the hypocrites of the second kind are faithful but they need preaching and training for their proper orientation. They need the guidance of scholars or saints to put them on the right path. The most dangerous trick of the hypocrites: The most dangerous trick of the hypocrites against the Muslims is that they create a rift among the Muslims in the name of religion. For this purpose, they constructed Masjid-e-Zarar opposite to Masjid-e-Nabvi in Madina. However, the Holy Prophet got this mosque demolished under the orders of Allah Almighty and foiled the conspiracy of the hypocrites Allah Almighty says;

Islamiat Inter

-147-

Ch # 1

O Prophet Strive hard against the unbelievers and the hypocrites, and be firm against them. Their abode is Hell. Signs of Hypocrites: Once the Holy Prophet pointed out three characteristics of a hypocrite to identify him:  When he speaks he tells lies.  When he makes a promise, he never keeps it.  When he is given a trust he misappropriates it. A person who has these characteristics is a hypocrite even if he offers prayers and keeps fasts. According to the Holy Quran the hypocrites would be consigned to the lowest and the most painful part of the hell. The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire

4. PRIDE Meaning: Pride means to give oneself a false sense of superiority and supremacy. Or an excessively high opinion of oneself; conceit. First one to be Proud: It is revealed in the Holy Quran that Satan took pride first of all and declared that he was superior to Hazrat Adam. He therefore, refused to bow before Hazrat Adam. In reply Allah Almighty said, thus:

(Allah) said "Get thee down from this; it is not for thee to be arrogant here; get out, for thou art of the meanest (of creatures)" And the Qur’an also says:

Islamiat Inter

-148-

Ch # 1

For Allah loveth not the arrogant, the vainglorious; Ever since then pride has always a fall. And according to Allah Almighty the proud would be sent to hell.

Is there not in Hell an abode for the Haughty? Hadith:

The Holy Prophet has condemned pride. He said, “A person having a mite of pride will never enter paradise”. A proud and arrogant person looks down upon fellow human beings and persecutes them and never thinks that he could be punished for his sins. Therefore, he lacks tolerance, sense of sacrifice and fraternity and many other good qualities.

5. JEALOUSY Meaning and Definition: “Jealosy means resentment against a rival, a person enjoying success or advantage.” It is one of the demands of humanity that we should feel happy to see a fellow human being prosperous and blessed by Allah Almighty. However, jealousy does not allow us to see another person peaceful and prosperous. A jealous person keeps a grudge and remains uneasy and disturbed at the favourable circumstances, of a fellow human being. This feeling damages a jealous person and has no effect on the other one. Jealousy is a moral evil which creates many other evils in man. A jealous person can not tolerate the happiness of the others and cuts himself off from his nears and dears. A jealous person is never contented and he always feels sorry for his low status as compared to others. He has no time for self improvement and uses all his talent and energy to degrade others. A jealous person burns himself in a fire of his own making. Islam calls upon its followers to treat others with love and kindness but a jealous person has nothing but hatred and

Islamiat Inter

-149-

Ch # 1

frustration for others. He wants that people should remain degraded and defamed instead of enjoying respect and prosperity in society. But in the long run he suffers from defame and degradation in society. To avoid this Holy Prophet has urged the Muslim to avoid jealousy.

Look! Avoid jealousy because jealousy devours your good deeds as fire burns dry wood If a man wishes to avoid jealousy he should take a lesson from the historical examples of our elders. He should keep in view the evils created due to wealth and power. 

Islamiat Inter

-150-

Ch # 1

SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Define Pillars of Islam. Ans: Those basic actions on which Islam is based are called pillars of Islam. 2. What is meant by SHAHADATAIN? Ans: It means two witnesses: the witness of Tauheed and the witness of Risalat. 3. Mention number and names of the Pillars of Islam. Ans: There are five pillars of Islam: 1. Shahadat 2. Salat 3. Saum

4. Ans: 5.

Ans:

6. Ans: 7. Ans: 8. Ans: 9. Ans: 10.

4. Zakat 5. Hajj What are literal meanings of SALAT? It means blessing, prayer, forgiveness Write the names of the three decades of RAMADHAN? First: Blessing Second: Forgiveness Third: Liberty from the fire of Hell What is Silla-e-Rehmi? It means to maintain relations and to keep it. Define piety. It is a state of mind that inspires a man to do good and avoid sins. Define Backbiting. Backbiting is to tell one’s bad habit in his absence. Write translation of a Hadith about Jealousy. Avoid jealousy because jealousy devours your good deeds as fire burns dry wood. What are hollow prayers?

Islamiat Inter

-151-

Ch # 1

Ans: One’s prayer is called hollow prayer when the performer is to be unaware of the meaning of Salat and has no presence of heart. 11. Write all the legitimate heads of ZAKAT. Ans: These are following: The Destitute The Needy Zakat Collectors

New Muslims Slaves and Prisoners

The Indigent In The Way Of Allah Travelers 12. What is meant by MEEQAT? Ans: The place wherefrom wearing of Ihram is necessary for a pilgrim is called Meeqat. 13. What is the difference between War and Jihad? Ans: War is for worldly purposes while Jihad is for Allah. 14. What are JAHRI Prayers? Ans: The prayer in which Imam recites aloud is called Jahri Prayer. 15. What is TAlbeeh? Ans: To say is called Talbeeh. 16. What are the two types of Jihad Bil Saif? Ans: There are two types: Jihad for reformation and Jihad for Defence 17. What is Haq Mahr (alimony)? Ans: The amount of money fixed to be paid by the husband to wife at the time of Nikah is called Haq Mahr (alimony) 18. What are three signs of hypocrites? Ans: Three signs of a hypocrite are:

Islamiat Inter

19. Ans:

20. Ans: 21. Ans:

22. Ans: 23. Ans: 24.

Ans: 25. Ans: 26. Ans:

27. Ans: 28.

-152-

Ch # 1

When he speaks, he tells lies He never keeps his promise Misappropriates the trust What is meant by Nisab e Zakat? The particular amount of wealth which is liable for Zakat is called Nisab e Zakat. What is Hajj-e-Mabrur? The Hajj which is accepted by Allah Almighty is called Hajj-e-Mabrur. Write down translation of a Qur’anic Verse about the importance of Jihad. Surely Allah loves those who fight in his way in ranks as if they were a firm and compact wall. What is meant by Jiziyah? Jiziyah is the tax which a non-muslim pays to the Islamic State. What is meant by Akhlaq e Hasanah? Good Morals are called Akhlaq e Hasanah. Which companion presented the whole goods of house for the battle of Tabuk? Hazrat Abou Bakr (R.A) What is meant by Khaffi (Silent) prayers? The Salat in which Imam does not recite aloud is called Khaffi prayer. Write down the meaning and definition of Zakat. Literally Zakat means to purge, to grow and in the monitory worship that is binding upon every well to do citizen for a specific amount of wealth after a period of one year. What amount of silver is liable for Zakat? 52 and half Tolas of Silver are liable for Zakat. Which companion bought wheat and distributed it free at the time of famine.

Islamiat Inter

-153-

Ch # 1

Ans: Hazrat Usman (R.A) 29. Which mosque did the hypocrite construct against Masjid-e-Nabvi? Ans: Masjid-e-Zarar 30. How many types of neighbours are mentioned in Qur’an? Ans: i. Relative neighbours ii. Non-relative neighbours iii. Temporary mates 31. What is the difference between Zakat and Tax? Ans: Zakat is economic worship while tax is istrative. Ratio and limit of Zakat is fixed by Allah Almighty while not in Tax. 32. Write down the meanings and definition of Hajj. Ans: Hajj means to intend and in from 8th Zil Hajj to 13th ZilHajj pilgrimage of Ka’aba. 33. What is the major ritual of Hajj? Ans: Major ritual of Hajj is stay in Arafat. 34. What is Rami e Jamrat? Ans: Rami is throwing stones at Jamrat at Mina. 35. Write two rights of children. Ans: i. Fosterage ii. Education and Training 36. Who showed pride for the first time among creatures? Ans: Iblis was the first of the creatures who commited pride. 37. Write down any two benefits of Fasting. Ans: i. Self-control ii. Purgation of sins iii. Health 38. Write down any Qur’anic Verse about rights of parents. Ans: And be kind to parents. 39. What is Qasr Prayer and who performs this? Ans: The prayer offered during journey is called Qasr Prayer. It is decreased by half.

Islamiat Inter

40. Ans: 41. Ans: 42. Ans:

43. Ans: 44. Ans: 45.

Ans: 46. Ans: 47. Ans: 48. Ans: 49. Ans: 50. Ans:

-154-

Ch # 1

When the treaty of Hudabiya was signed and between whom? The treaty of Hudabiya was signed in 6 A.H between Makkans and Muslims. What is Salat al Kasuf? The prayer which is offered at the time of solar eclipse is called Salat al Kasuf. What is the significance of Shab e Qadr? The worship during the night of Qadr is equal to the worship of thousand months. What are Halq and Qasr? Halq is head shave and Qasr is haircut during Hajj. Write down the name of the caliph whose armor was lost? Armor of Hazrat Ali (A.H) was lost. Write down the translation of a Hadith about keeping Promise. Fulfilll your promise for every promise will be inquired into (on the Day of Judgment). Which caliph fought against non-payers of Zakat? Hazrat Abou Bakr Siddique fought against the Nonpayers of Zakat. What is Hujat ul Widaa? The Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) last Hajj was Hujat ul Wida. What is fosterage and whose duty is this? It is to feed newly born baby on breast milk and it is the duty of mother. Write down two rights of non-Muslims. Religious freedom, right of safety of life and wealth Write translation of a verse about Lawful earnings. O people! Eat of what is on earth lawful and good.

Islamiat Inter

-155-

Ch # 1

51. Write down any three rights of neighbours. Ans: i. Good treatment ii. Exchange of gifts iii. Right of pre-emption 52. Write down the translation of any Qur’anic Verse about killing of offspring. Ans: And kill not your children for the fear of want. 53. Define Kasuf prayer. Ans: The prayer offered at the time of Lunar eclipse is called Kasuf prayer. 54. What is the nisab e Zakat on agriculture production? Ans: 10% of the product of arid land and 5% of the product of irrigated land is paid as Zakat on agricultural production. 55. Define Istelaam. Ans: To kiss Hajre Aswad during Tawaf is called Istelaam. 56. Define Jihad Bil Nafs. Ans: It is to stop one’s innerself from bad deeds. 57. What is the difference between backbiting and Slander (accusation)? Ans: Backbiting is to speak ill of a person in his absence and accusation is false blame. 58. Write down two types of hypocrites. Ans: i. Aiteqadi Munafiq (Hypocrite in faith) ii. Amli Munafiq (hypocrite in actions) 59. Define Aiteqadi Munafiq. Ans: One who had not accepted Islam by Heart and is only Muslim apparently is called Aiteqadi Munafiq. 60. What is the difference between Ihram of Male and female?

Islamiat Inter

-156-

Ch # 1

Ans: Ihram of males is to unsewn cloth sheets while for female it is sewn. 61. Define Ayyam e Tashriq. Ans: 11, 12 and 13 ZilHajj are Ayyam e Tashriq. 62. Write down translation of a Hadith in condemnation of divorce. Ans: The most unliked of lawful things by Allah Almighty is divorce. 63. What is the difference between Jihad and Qital? Ans: Jihad has vast meanings; every endeavor for the glory of Islam is called Jihad while Qital is Jihad by sword. 64. Define SAEE and whose Sunnah is this? Ans: To go between Safa and Marwa seven times is called SAEE and it is the Sunnah of Hazrat Hajra. 65. Write down the words used in the Holy Qur’an for Zakat. Ans: The word used for Zakat in the Holy Qur’an are, Sadqa, defined right and Zakat. 66. On which times offering of Prayers is prohibited? Ans: At the sunrise, at noon and at the sunset offering of prayer is prohibited. 67.

Which two eyes will not be touched by the fire of Hell?

Ans: The eye that weeps for the fear of Allah Almighty and the eye that is on the guards in the battlefields of Jihad will not be touched by the fire of hell. 68.

Write down four bad morals.

Ans: i.

Lie

ii. Jealousy

iii. Backbiting

iv. Hypocrisy v. Pride 69.

In the Holy Qur’an who are called garments of each other.

Islamiat Inter

-157-

Ch # 1

Ans: Husband and wife are called garments of each other in the Holy Qur’an. 70.

What is the promise of Alast?

Ans: The promise made by souls with Allah Almighty regarding his worship is called the promise of Alast.

71.

Write down the translation of a Qur’anic verse in Condemnation of unlawful earning.

Ans: And do not eat one another’s possessions unlawfully.


The building of Islam is on: (A) 5 pillars (B) (C) 7 pillars (D)

4 pillars 3Pillers

2.

Qatae Rehmi means: (A) Making a relation (B) breaking a relation (C) Extending a relation (D) to be harsh 3. He is not a faithful Muslim: (A) Coward (B) Lier (C) Miser (D) Weak 4. Sermon of Hajj is delivered in: (A) Arafat (B) Mina (C) Muzdalfa (D) Madina 5. Meaning of the word Hatab is: (A) Stone (B) Iron (C) Tree (D) Wood 6. The leader of hypocrites was: (A) Abu Jahl (B) Abu Lahb (C) Marhab (D) Abdullah Bin Ubae

7.

The Holy Prophet (A) Monday

(PBUH) used to fast on: & Tuesday

Islamiat Inter

8.

9.

-158-

(B) Friday and Saturday (C) Wednesday & Thursday (D) Monday & Thursday Hajre Aswad means: (A) Beautiful stone (B) The Black stone (C) Stone of Paradise (D) White Stone The civil suit of Hazrat Ali R.A was presented in the court of: (A) Qazi Shureh (B) Qazi Abu Yusuf (C) Hazrat Muaaz (D) Hazrat

Sa’ad 10. Salat e Qasr is: (A) Long Prayer (B) (C) Prayer in Hurry (D) Prayer offered most 11.

Ch # 1

The word Qantra

Brief Prayer

means:

(A) Camel (B) Gold (C) Silver (D) Treasure 12. The true purpose of Jehad is: (A) To kill enemies (B) Glory of divine religion (C) To fight a war (D) to be superior 13. Lawful earning is: (A) Leave unlawful (B) Less eating (C) To earn lawful (D) to eat lawful 14. Salat ul Istisqa is offered at the time of: (A) Lunar eclipse (B) Solar eclipse (C) On Friday (D) For Rain 15. Tawaf means: (A) To perform Hajj (B) To perform Umra

Islamiat Inter

16.

17.

18.

RA 19.

-159-

(C) To go round (D) Masjid Zarar was constructed by: (A) Non-believers (B) (C) Christians (D) Meanings of FIZZAH are: (A) Iron (B) (C) Gold (D) Sacrifice is the Sunnah of: (A) Hazrat Ismael AS (B) (C) Hazrat Ibrahim AS (D)

Ch # 1

To sacrifice Hypocrities Muslims Stone Silver

Hazrat Adam AS Hazrat Fatima

Meanings of the word Mutammedan ً are: (A) With belief (B) knowingly (C) Forgetting (D) With Kindness 20. Yom ul Arfa is: (A) on 10 Moharram (B) on 9 Moharram (C) on 10 Zul Hajj (D) on 9 of Zul Hajj 21. Zakat cannot be given to: (A) Neighbours (B) Parents (C) Enemies (D) Friends 22. Walidat means: (A) Women (B) Children (C) Mothers (D) Girls 23. The term GHARMIN means: (A) People of Cave (B) People in debt (C) Wealthy (D) Begger 24. Paradise is in the shadow of: (A) Clouds (B) Spears (C) Swords (D) Trees 25. AlZoor means: (A) Lie (B) Truth

Islamiat Inter

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

-160-

Ch # 1

(C) Honesty (D) Dishonesty The reward of congregational prayer is: (A) 28 times (B) 27 times (C) 50 times (D) 000 times The Prophet (PBUH) offered Hajj: (A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 1 (D) 10 The Basic Unit of Society is: (A) Home (B) Masjid (C) School (D) Alma The telling a lie is lawful when it is told for: (A) A joke (B) recreation (C) Reformation (D) Children Salat is: (A) Basic belief (B) Basic pillar (C) Bridge of Sarat (D) Door of paradise Hajj is binding upon: (A) Men (B) Well to do (C) Women (D) Children

Meaning of Zojen

is:

(A) Girl and boy (B) Slave and slave girl (C) Wife and Husband (D) Employee and employer Hajj is performed in: (A) Makkah (B) (C) Safa and Marwa (D) Shahadaten (A) (B)

means:

Oneness & Prophethood Prayer and Fasting

Mina Arafat

Islamiat Inter

(C) 35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

-161-

Ch # 1

Hajj & Zakat

The word Salat

(D)

Jihad & Qital

means:

(A) To prostrate (B) Zikrullah (C) To show humbleness (D) To pray and Istighfar Purpose of Fasting is: (A) To remain Hungry & Thirsty (B) Character building (C) To attain Piety (D) Saving Literal meanings of Ushr are: (A) 5th Part (B) 20th Part

(C) 4th Part (D) Legitimate heads of Zakat are: (A) 4 (B) (C) 12 (D)

10th Part 8 10

The word SAEE means: (A) Run in Mina (B) To go round Ka’aba (C) To go between Safa & Marwa (D) To sacrifice Hajj became a binding duty in: (A) 9 AH (B) 5 AH (C) 10 AH (D) 2 AH

41.

The term Aameleen

42.

(A) Slaves (C) Scholars Signs of Hypocrities are: (A) 3 (C) 6

means:

(B) (D)

Zakat Collectors Labourers

(B) (D)

7 2

Islamiat Inter

43.

-162-

The word Saum ‫ صوم‬means: (A) To stop (B) (C) To run (D)

Ch # 1

To start To sit

ANSWERS 1. 5. 9. 13. 17. 21. 25. 29. 33. 37. 41.

A D A C D B A C D D B

2. 6. 10. 14. 18. 22. 26. 30. 34. 38. 42.

B D B D C C B B A B A

3. 7. 11. 15. 19. 23. 27. 31. 35. 39. 43.

B D D C B B C B D C A

4. 8. 12. 16. 20. 24. 28. 32. 36. 40.

A B B B D C A C C A


What are organs of Islam? What is the role of Namaz in character building and social life?

2.

What are the objective of fasting and what are its effects on practical life?

3.

"Zakat is basic to the economic system of Islam" discuss and elaborate.

4.

What is the philosophy of Hajj? What are its individual and collective benefits?

5.

What is meant by Islamic Jehad? Describe its kinds and benefits.

6.

What are the rights and duties of the offspring in the light of Quran and Sunnah?

Islamiat Inter

-163-

Ch # 1

7.

Describe the status of woman in society according to Islam. What are her rights and duties?

8.

Write short notes on the rights and duties of the followings: Relatives; neighbours; teachers; non-muslims; and fellow travellers

9.

What are the conditions for the formation of an Islamic society?

10.

What are the base morals? Describe five base morals which adversely affect society?

11.

What are moral values? Describe five moral values which can reform the society.

12.

Describe the significance of rightful livelihood.



Islamiat Inter

-164-

Ch # 1

CHAPTER 3

Islamiat Inter

-165-

Ch # 1

USWAH OF THE HOLY PROPHET Hazrat Muhammad is the only messenger and man in history whose entire life is recorded. All his sayings, the details of his conduct and character have been preserved so that the following generations could learn and get inspiration from his example as he is an ideal and excellent example for mankind to follow in their daily life. MEANING: The word USWA means "PATTERN" or "EXAMPLE" and the word HASANAH means excellent . DEFINITION: The life of the Holy Prophet has been declared as an excellent pattern for the entire mankind in the Holy Qura'n:

Surely you have an excellent example for your guidance in (the life of) the Messenger of Allah.

MERCY FOR ALL THE WORLDS The life of the Holy Prophet is perfect and comprehensive and can serve as an example for men and women of all ages working in all professions and trades. He not only preached but also practised what he

preached. He

demonstrated love and mercy for all,

even towards his enemies. He

was a symbol of love and

affection and a living model of mercy for mankind. He was sent by Allah Almighty as mercy personified for all living beings irrespective of creed, colour, race or status. As it is declared in the Holy Qura'n:

Islamiat Inter

-166-

Ch # 1

We sent you not, but as a Mercy for all creatures Following are some of the reflections of the Prophet's

mercy:

MERCY FOR UMMAH:

About Hazrat Muhammad Holy Quran:

Allah says in the

Now hath come unto you a Messenger from amongst yourselves; it grieves him that ye should perish; ardently anxious is he over you; to the Believers is he most kind and merciful. The Holy Prophet

cleared the loans of the

indebted companions. He

shortened his Namaz and

Khutba if necessary. Hazrat Aisha

has said that

some times the Holy Prophet gave up a desirable act so that it might not be made compulsory for the Muslims. For example, he offered Namaz-e-Taravih in the mosque only for three days and later on avoided this practice not to make it compulsory for the Ummah. The Holy Prophet was always considerate not to cause any hardship to his followers in prayers and conduct of other matters. For example, he said about MISWAK that he had not instructed the Muslims to use MISWAK before every prayers out of consideration for their hardship. Allah and His creatures are witness to the fact that the Holy Prophet

has been extremely kind to the believers.

Islamiat Inter

-167-

Ch # 1

The Prophet taught others through his personal example to be kind and merciful. A companion of the Prophet reported him as saying: "Allah will not show mercy to him who does not show mercy to others." MERCY ON THE NON-BELIEVERS:

The Holy Prophet is , a symbol of mercy for all preople even non-believers, those who tried to dishonour him and his religion. Ummahs of the previous Prophets were subjected to Azab due to their disobedience and sins. Sometimes the people of a nation were disfigured, sometimes they were destroyed by storms and sometimes their houses were overturned. However, the non-believers of Makkah remained safe in this world from a great Azab despite their defiance and disobedience due to the presence of the Holy Prophet among them. Allah Almighty says:

But Allah was not going to send them a penalty whilst thou wast amongst them Once the companions of the Holy Prophet requested Him to curse upon the non-believers, he replied that he was not the one to curse but he was sent only as mercy. "I was not sent on earth to curse; I was sent only as a mercy" Hazrat Tufail Ibn Amr Dusi was sent by the Holy Prophet to preach Islam among the Dusi tribe. On his return he declared the Dusi tribe was no more because they had disobeyed and refused to embrace Islam. The people

thought that Hazrat Muhammad but he prayed for them.

would curse the tribe

Islamiat Inter

-168-

Ch # 1

(O Allah! Guide the Dusi tribe to embrace Islam) During the battle of Uhad the teeth of the Holy Prophet were injured and his face was covered with blood. At the time of the conquest of Makkah the mercy and forgiveness shown to the pagans is unparalleled. KINDNESS TO WOMEN: Before Islam women has no respect in society. They were subjected to cruelty and torture. Hazrat Muhammad granted them a place of respect and honour and prescribed their rights and duties as mothers, daughters and wives. The Holy Prophet

declared:

(Paradise lies under the footsteps of mothers) The people of Arabia used to kill their offspring and buried their daughter alive on of hunger and poverty. The Holy Prophet abolished this wicked custom and declared that daughters were a blessing for the

family. He provided a share in the inheritence to the daughters. CARETAKER OF THE ORPHANS: Hazrat Muhammad was an embodiment of mercy for the orphans and the poor. Before him there was no body to look after the orphans and widows. The Holy Prophet raised his fingers and declared the importance of the looking after of orphans.

"The person who looks after the orphans will be in my company in paradise"

Islamiat Inter

-169-

Hazrat Asma

Tayyar

Ch # 1

bint Amees (wife of Jaafar

) narrates that the day the Hazrat Jaffar was martyred in the battle of Mauta the Holy

Prophet came to the house and asked her to bring Jaffar's children. When these children were presented to the Holy Prophet Asma

he embraced them and wept. Hazrat

asked the Holy Prophet

if there was any

news about Hazrat Jaffar . The Holy Prophet replied that he had been martyred that day. BEING MASTER OF THE SLAVES: The slaves were greatly persecuted in that age. The Holy Prophet

urged his followers to treat them with

kindness. He declared that slaves were the brothers of their masters and Allah Almighty has placed slaves under them. The Holy Prophet directed that the slaves should be provided the same food and clothes which were used by the masters and they should not be over burdened. MERCY FOR THE CHILDREN: Hazrat Muhammad

treated the children very

kindly. When he came across children he

greeted them

and showed them affection. He was especially fond of children and used to get into the spirit of childish games in their company. He would have fun with the children who had come back from Abyssinia and tried to speak in Abyssinian with them. It was his practice to give lifts on his camel to children when he returned from journeys (Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 2 pg.886). He would pick up children in his arms, play with them, and kiss them. One day he

was expressing his love for Hassan Bin Ali;

Islamiat Inter

-170-

Ch # 1

Akra Bin Habis Tamimi was present there. He told the

Prophet that he had ten sons but he had never expressed his love for them in such a way. The Holy Prophet remarked that a person who did not have mercy did not deserve mercy for himself. Hazrat Ibne Abbas reported: "He does not belong to us who does not show mercy to our young ones and respect to our old ones." KINDNESS TO ANIMALS: The Prophet not only preached to the people to show kindness to each other but also to all living souls. He forbade the practice of cutting tails and manes of horses, of branding animals at any soft spot, and of keeping horses saddled unnecessarily (Muslim) 1) If He saw any animal over-loaded or ill-fed he would call up the owner and say, "Fear Allah in your treatment of animals." (Abu Dawud, Kitab Jihad). 2) A companion came to him with the young ones of a bird in his sheet and said that the mother bird had hovered over them all along. He was directed to replace her offspring in the same bush (Mishkat, Abu Dawud) 3) "During a journey, somebody picked up eggs of some bird. The bird's painful note and fluttering attracted the attention of the Prophet , who asked the man to replace the eggs" (Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari). 4) As the Muslim army marched towards Makkah to conquer it, they ed a female dog with puppies. The

Prophet not only gave orders that they should not be disturbed, but posted a man to see that this was done. He

stated,

Islamiat Inter

-171-

Ch # 1

"Verily, there is heavenly reward for every act of kindness done to a living animal." The mercy of the Holy Prophet was not only confined to the human beings he was a source of mercy even for the beasts also. In short his for everyone was beyond measure.

love and mercy

FRATERNITY One of the strongest links ing people together is the relationship of brotherhood. People love and sympathize with each other and share in the delights and miseries of their fellow brethren. There is the possibility of occasional differences between them, but soon it is changed into love and affection through forgiveness. As Islam aims at solidarity of society and strengthening human relations, it has fostered this relationship and has declared that all Muslims and believers are brothers to each other. MEANING AND DEFINITION OF THE WORD The word (AKHUWAT) is derived from the Arabic word that means brother thus the word means Brotherhood. In Islamic term it means "brotherhood of Muslim Ummah i.e all the Muslims are one brotherhood". BACKGROUND: Before the advent of Islam, the Arab society suffered from wars and quarrels. People were revengeful and blood thirsty. Hazrat Muhammad taught them a lesson of fraternity and affection and revolutionized the society within a very short time. His moral conduct and character influenced every one. People forgot their enmity, strangers became friends and enemies became brothers. About this transformation Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Islamiat Inter

-172-

Ch # 1

And with gratitude Allah's favour on you, for ye were enemies and He ed your hearts in love, so that by His Grace, ye became brethren; Of course, all this happened due to the great blessing of Allah Almighty. This blessing was bestowed upon human beings only due to the mercy of Allah Almighty. This relationship could not be purchased through wealth as Allah Almighty says:

And (moreover) He hath put affection between their hearts, not if thou hadst spent all that is in the earth, couldst thou have produced that affection, but Allah hath done it, for He is Exalted, in might, Wise ESTABLISHMENT OF ISLAMIC BROTHERHOOD (MUWAKHAT) Hazrat Muhammad

established a relationship

of brotherhood between the Refugees of Makkah and Ansar-e-Madina When he migrated from Makkah to Madina. Every refugee became a brother of an Ansar. In this way a solid relationship of brotherhood and affection came into being which is unprecedented in the history of the world. The Ansar made great sacrifices for their refugee brothers and provided equal share to them out of their houses, gardens, and fields. On the other hand the refugees, out of their self-respect asked for the ways to the market to earn their livelihood through trade or manual work. SAYINGS OF THE HOLY QURA'N: 1. Islamic brotherhood was a practical demonstration of the following verse of the Holy Quran:

Islamiat Inter

-173-

Ch # 1

The believers are but a single Brotherhood 2.

The Holy Qura'n teaches the Muslims to be one unit by holding fast to the rope of Allah Almighty it is said:

And hold fast, to the rope of Allah altogether, and do not be divided. SAYINGS OF THE HOLY PROPHET : 1. "The believer with respect to another believer is like a building, one portion strengthening the other." (Saheeh al-Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim) 2. Every faithful is brother of the other faithful. They are like a body; if a part of the body is painful, he will feel the pain in his whole body. (Saheeh Muslim) 3. No one amongst you can be a believer unless he chooses the same thing for his brothers which he likes for himself. (Saheeh alBukhari) EFFECTS: 1. Love and Respect 2. Cooperation 3. Social Welfare 4. Unity 5. Social Peace 6. Progress and Prosperity

EQUALITY Equality means equal opportunity. Islam is the torch-bearer of equality. According to Islam all the human beings are equal. There is no difference among

Islamiat Inter

-174-

Ch # 1

human beings regarding colour, creed, wealth and

poverty. Hazrat Muhammad has taught us a unique lesson of equality through his words and practice. Hazrat Muhammad meted out equal treatment to the rich and the poor, to the king and a beggar and to the master and his slave. He eliminated the sense of superiority on the basis of family and tribe. He did away with all discrimination on of colour and creed. According to him Suleman Farsi, Bilal Habshi and Sohaib Roomi were in no way inferior to the notes of Quraish. Demonstration of Equality: Mosque is a practical training ground for teaching equality to the Muslims. Namaz is the best demonstration of equality. The poor or the rich, and the great or the small all offer their prayers in the mosque. The Last Sermon and Equality: In Islam, greatness lies in goodness and piety and not in caste, tribe and family. Hazrat Muhammad has stated this fact in the Khutba Hajja-tul-Widda in the following words:

O People! Your Allah is one and all of you are the offspring of Adam. Therefore an Arab is not superior to a Persian and vice versa. The red has no precedence over the black and vice versa, except in (degree of) their virtue. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Qur'an:

"And made you into nations and Tribes, that ye may know Each other (Not that ye may despise (each other). Verily the

Islamiat Inter

-175-

Ch # 1

Most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (He who is) the Most righteous of you."

USWA-E-HASANAH: 1.

2.

The Holy Prophet set a standard of equality by marrying his cousin Hazrat Zainab with his liberated slave Hazrat Zaid . In a company no special seat was reserved for the Holy Prophet . He sat amidst his companion without any formality.

3.

4.

His dress was as simple as the dress of ordinary Muslims. His residence was very simple and his food was ordinary. During the construction of Masjid-e-Quba and Masjid Nabvi the Holy Prophet worked with his companions. Similarly on the eve of battle of Ahzab

He participated like ordinary Muslims in the digging of the trench. CONCLUSION: In short, Islam has established the human society on the basis of equality where each and every individual enjoy equal rights. No discrimination is allowed. The ruler and the ruled are equal in sight of Law and equal laws are imposed on all classes ensuring liberty of faith and performance.

PATIENCE AND DETERMINATION

MEANING AND DEFINITION: Patience means to stop oneself, bear and tolerate. Determination means strength and courage. So the whole term means to be determined to do something despite

Islamiat Inter

-176-

Ch # 1

facing difficulties and opposition and bear with all the torture and persecution. When a person exercises patience and determination he overcomes his fears and faces the difficulties and troubles of life with courage. Patience and determination reflect the qualities of strength of heart, high moral standard and fortitude. ACCORDING TO THE HOLY QUR'AN: In the Holy Quran patience and determination are considered great virtues having great importance. Allah Almighty says:

And bear with patient constancy whatever betide thee; for this is firmness (of purpose) in (the conduct of) affairs. In another place Allah Almighty says:

For Allah is with those who patiently persevere By patience one seeks the help of Allah Almighty:

And seek help through patience and prayer

Allah Almighty has urged man to exercise patience and resignation at the time of trouble. As Allah Almighty is the provider of everything to man, a man must resort to patience at the time of trial.

USWA-E-HASANAH: When Hazrat Muhammad declared his Prophethood the non-believers started persecuting him. 1. They belied him and made fun of Islam. Some called him a magician and some took him for an astrologer

Islamiat Inter

-177-

Ch # 1

but he remained patient and determined and never gave up his preaching.

2.

One day Hazrat Muhammad was offering prayer near the Khana Kaaba. A group of nonbelievers was present there. Uqba bin Abbi Mueet put the guts of a camel on the back of the Holy Prophet when He was in Sajda on the instigation of Abbu Jehl. They started laughing at his mischief. Somebody informed Hazrat Fatima(R.A), daughter of the Prophet , about this incident. She came running and removed the guts from his back and cursed the nonbelievers. At this Hazrat Muhammad

advised his daughter to

be patient. The Prophet prayed for their guidance as they did not know what was good for them.

3.

Abu Lahb was uncle of the Holy Prophet

. When

Hazrat Muhammad started preaching, he and his wife Ume-e-Jamil became enemies of the Prophet

. Abu Lahb often said that the Holy Prophet (Allah forbid) was a mad person and no attention should be paid to his words. The wife of Abu Lahb scattered throns in his way. Many times the soles of the Holy Prophet

4.

bled, Inspite of all

this the Holy Prophet bore these troubles with great patience and determination and never cursed. However, Allah Almighty revealed Sura Lahb to condemn both of them for their insolence. When the enemies of Islam found that the light of truth was spreading all around despite all their tactics they declared a boycott of the family of Banu

Islamiat Inter

-178-

Ch # 1

Hashim in Moharram-ul-Haram in the seventh year of Prophethood. According to this all the tribes of Arabia were bound to stop all kinds of dealings and s with Banu Hashim. As a result the family of Banu Hashim except Abu Lahb remained besieged in Shaab-e-Abi Tallib for three years. During this period they suffered untold miseries and troubles.

However, the Holy Prophet , a mercy for the entire world, faced this situation with great patience, courage and resolution. In this way, the Holy Prophet and his faithful companions remained busy in Jehad to win approbation of Allah Almighty and bore all the troubles with patience and steadfastness.

FORGIVENESS Forgiveness is a great moral virtue. Through this affections among friends and relatives increases and enmity and hostility of foes is removed. MEANING and DEFINITION: Affwe means to forgive and in it means to forgive when a person can get revenge. ACCORDING TO THE HOLY QUR'AN: It has been emphasized in the Holy Quran at many places. It is one of the qualities desired in believers. Allay says:

Who restrain anger, and pardon (all) men USWA-E-HASANAH: 1. In view of the stiff opposition of Quraish Hazarat

Muhammad decided to go to the valley of Taaif to invite them to embrace Islam. The chiefs of Taaif

Islamiat Inter

-179-

Ch # 1

misbehaved with the Prophet instead of accepting his invitation. They threw stones at him which made his body bleed and his shoes were filled with blood. On this occasion, Hazrat Jabrael Amin came and offerd to merge the hills on both sides of Taaif so that these defiant people should be

2.

destroyed. But the Holy Prophet not only forgave them but prayed for them that Allah Almighty might guide them. At the time of the conquest of Makkah all the Quraish of Makkah were assembled in the courtyard of Khana Kaaba. These were the people who had been conspiring to murder the Holy Prophet

, martyred so many Muslims and

inflicted torture upon the Holy Prophet and the Muslims that they had to migrate from Makkah to Madina. Now these people were afraid of a severe

revenge. Hazrat Muhammad looked at them and said, "O Quraish do you know how I would treat you." They replied, "You would treat us kindly because you are kind and the son of a kind brother." The Holy Prophet the Holy Quran:

recited this verse of

He said: This day let no reproach be (cast) on you; Allah will forgive you, and He is the Most merciful of those who show mercy! We should follow the bright Sunnah of the Holy

Prophet

.

ZIKR

Islamiat Inter

-180-

Ch # 1

It is a natural phenomenon that the creature owes much to the creater. All the human beings should be grateful to Allah Almighty for the blessings He has bestowed upon them. To be a grateful creature Zikr-eEIahi is the proper way. MEANING and DEFINITION: Zikr means to someone. In of religion it means to Allah Almighty. ZIKR in the Holy Qur'an: 1. In the Holy Quran Zikr-e-Elhai has been emphasized at many places. Allah Almighty says:

O ye who believe! Celebrate the praises of Allah and do this often. 2. The believers who indulge in Zikr-e-Elahi have been praised in the Holy Quran, thus:

By men whom neither Traffic nor merchandise can divert from the Remembrance of Allah 3. At another place Allah says:

For without doubt in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find satisfaction. The Greatest Form of Zikr: The greatest form of Zikr is Namaz because it contains all the three kinds of Zikr i.e. by heart, by tongue and by action. That is why, among the prayers Namaz was made compulsory first of all. Zikr and The Holy Prophet : Ummul Momeneen Hazrat Aisha(R.A) narrates that the Holy Prophet offered his prayers standing till late at night that his feet swelled. Once Hazrat Aisha(R.A)

Islamiat Inter

-181-

Ch # 1

asked the Holy Prophet why he bore so much rigour in prayers، when Allah Almighty has guaranteed paradise for him. The Holy Prophet replied that he wanted to be a grateful creature of Allah Almighty.

The prayers of the Holy Prophet described in the Holy Quran thus:

have been

O thou folded in garments! Stand (to prayer) by night, but not all night half of it, - or a Little less, At another place, Allah Almighty says:

And part of the night, Prostrate thyself to Him: and glorify Him a long night through

The Holy Prophet indulged in Zikr-e-Elahi in many ways. He offered Nawafil alongwith compulsory Namaz. As laid down in the Holy Quran.

And pray in the small watches of the morning: (it would be) and additional prayer (OR spiritual profit) for thee: soon will thy Lord raise thee to a station of Praise and Glory! The Best Zikr: The Holy Prophet

has said:

This means that the best Zikr is:

Tasbeeh-e-Fatima:

Islamiat Inter

-182-

Ch # 1

After Namaz Zikr-e-Elahi is done by repeating and

thirty three times and

thirty

four times. This Zikr is called Tasbeeh-e-Fatima. Apart from this there are many ways of Zikr ascribed to the Holy Prophet

which can be found in books of Ahadith. 

SHORT QUESTIONS 1.

Who followed the Holy Prophet the migration?

(PBUH) during

Ans: Saraqa bin Jaasham followed the Holy Prophet (PBUH). 2. Write the translation of a Qura’nic Verse about the Prophet (PBUH) as mercy for all worlds. Ans: We sent you not but as mercy for all worlds. 3. What is meant by Aam ul Huzan? Ans: The year in whichUmmul Mo’meneen Hazrat Khadija and the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) Abou Talib died is called the year of grief (Aam ul Huzan) 4. What is Afzal ul Zikr? Ans: The best Zikr is La Ilaha illallah 5. How many days the Prophet (PBUH) offered Traveh Prayer in Masjid? Ans: The Prophet (PBUH) offered Traveh Prayer in Masjid for three days only. 6. Whom the Prophet (PBUH) sent to Dos tribe for preaching? Ans: Hazrat Tufail Ibn Amr Dosi was sent to Dos Tribe for preaching them. 7. What is meant by Tasbeeh e Fatima?

Islamiat Inter

-183-

Ch # 1

Ans: To say 33 times Subhan Allah and Alhamdu lillah and 34 times Allah ho Akbar is called Tasbeeh e Fatima. 8.

In which battles the teeth of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) were martyred? Ans: The teeth of the Prophet (PBUH) were martyred in the battle of Uhd. 9. During migration to Madinah in which cave and how many days did the Holy Prophet stay?

(PBUH)

Ans: The Holy Prophet (PBUH) stayed in the cave of SAUR for three days. 10.

Who threw camel guts on the Holy Prophet (PBUH) during prayers? Ans: Aqba bin Abi Moeet threw camel guts on the Holy

11.

Ans: 12. Ans: 13. Ans: 14. Ans: 15.

Prophet (PBUH) and he was instigated by Abou Jahl. What is the cause of Hazrat Abou Ayub’s popularity? After migration he was the host of the Prophet (PBUH) in Madina. In whose condemnation was revealed Surah e Lahb? It was revealed in the condemnation of Abou Lahb and his wife Ume Jameel. What is Harbe Fajar? Battles fought during sacred months were called Harbe Fajar. Write down the meanings and definition of Affwe (forgiveness). Affwe literally means; to forgive and in to forgive if one can get revenge even. Write down a Hadith about love of children.

Islamiat Inter

-184-

Ch # 1

Ans: “The person who is not merciful to our young ones and does not respect our old ones is not of us.” 16. Why did the Prophet (PBUH) not command Miswak before every prayer? Ans: The Prophet (PBUH) did not command it so that the Umma may not be indulged in difficulty. 17 Write down literal and figurative meanings of the word Sabr. Ans: Sabr means to stop, to bear and in it is to control one’s desire and to bear the hardships.

18. Ans: 19. Ans: 20. Ans: 21. Ans:

22. Ans: 23.

How did the Holy Prophet (PBUH) treat his enemies on the conquest of Makkah? The Prophet (PBUH) declared general forgiveness. Which is the Place of the Practical training of equality for the Muslims? Mosque is the place for practical training of equality. Write down the literal and figurative meanings of Istiqlal. Istiqlal means firmness and in to be firm on one’s beliefs and decision. Define Tasbeeh, Tahmeed and Tehlil. Tasbih means SUBHAN ALLAH, Tahmeed means Alhamdulillah and Tehlil means LA ILAHA ILLALLAH. In which battle Hazrat Jaafar(R.A) was martyred? In the battle of Mauta he was martyred. Write down the translation of a verse about the morality of the Holy Prophet

(PBUH).

Ans: “Surely you are on the high rank of morality”. 24. Write down the names of three Non-Arab companions of the Prophet (PBUH). Ans: i. Hazrat Salman Farsi (R.A)

Islamiat Inter

-185-

Ch # 1

ii. Hazrat Sohaib Roomi (R.A) iii. Hazrat Bilal Habshi (R.A) 25. Write down three types of Dhikr. Ans: i. Zikr by tongue ii. Zikr by Heart iii. Zikr through Actions 26. What is Shaib e Abi Talib? Ans: Shaib e Abi Talib is the mountain valley near Makkah where the Prophet (PBUH) remained with Banu Hashim during Boycott. 27. Write down translation of a Qur’anic Verse about Zikr. Ans: “For without doubt in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find satisfaction.” 28. Write down the literal meanings of Zikr. Ans: Zikr means to someone. 29. Write down two types of Equality. Ans: i. Social Equality ii. Legal equality 30. What was the name of Hazrat Jaffar bin Abi Talib's(R.A) Wife? Ans: Hazrat Asmaa Bint Amees was the wife of Hazrat Jaffar bin Abi Talib (R.A).

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. (A) sleep (C) 2. (A) (C) 3.

The Word Tahjud means: Awakening (B)

Interrupting one’s

Offering Prayer (D) Keep awaking Number of Cows liable for paying Zakat is: 40 (B) 5 30 (D) 10 Best way of Zikr is:

Islamiat Inter

-186-

Ch # 1

(A) Fasting (B) Offering Prayer (C) Hajj (D) Sacrifice 4. The First Martyre of Islam is: (A) Hazrat Hamza (R.A) (B) Hazrat Haris Bin Abi Hala (R.A) (C) Hazrat Sohaib (R.A) (D) Hazrat Musa’b Bin Umair (R.A) 5. Name of Hazrat Khadija’s Father was: (A) Khawailad (B) Saad (C) Warqa (D) Talha 6. Opposite of Zikr is: (A) Dishonesty (B) Ignorance (C) Patience (D) to memorize 7. Masjid Aqsa is situated in: (A) Madina (B) Palestine (C) Makkah (D) Egypt 8. The age of Prophet (PBUH) at the time of Migration was: (A) 40 years (B) 50 years (C) 53 years (D) 63 years 9. Abdul Uza was the name of: (A Abu Jahl (B) Abu Jandal (C) Utba (D) Abu Lahb 10. Hazrat Bilal was the slave of: (A) Abu Jahl (B) Abu Sufiyan (C) Hazrat Ali (D) Ummaya Bin Khalf 11. Hazrat Jaffar Tayyar was martyred in the battle of: (A) Mauta (B) Badr (C) Tabuk (D) Ditch 12. Umme Jameel was the wife of: (A) Abu Jahl (B) Abu Jandal

Islamiat Inter

-187-

Ch # 1

(C) Utba (D) Abu Lahb 13. Steadfastness means: (A) To become ruler (B) To gether wealth (C) Toughness and hardness (D) To be brave 14. Attacked on Ka’aba: (A) Namrud (B) Pharoah (C) Abu Jahl (D) Abraha 15. In Hudebiya treaty the representatives of Makkans was: (A) Abu Sufiyan (B) Usman bin Talha (C) Sohail Bin Amr (D) Abu Jandal 16. Payment of Land for Masjid e Nabvi was paid by: (A) Hazrat Ali (B) Hazrat Sa’ad (C) Hazrat Usman (D) Hazrat Abu Bakr 17. Who did chew the liver of Hazrat Hamza: (A) Wahshi (B) Wife of Abu Lahb (C) Wife of Abu Sufiyan (D) Wife of Utba 18. The Name mentioned in the Holy Qur’an: (A) Abou Bakr (B) The Prophet (PBUH) (C) Hazrat Zaid (D) Hajaj Bin Yusuf 19. The companion Hazrat Sohaib belonged to: (A) Madina (B) Rome (C) Habsha (D) Yemen 20. The Prophet (PBUH) was detained in Shaib Abi Talib for: (A) 4 years (B) 5 years (C)

3 years

(D)

6 years

Islamiat Inter

21.

-188-

Ch # 1

At the time of Hudebiya treaty was brought tied: (A) Hazrat Ali (B) Hazrat Usman (C) Hazrat Jaffar (D) Hazrat Abu Jandal

ANSWERS 1.

B

2.

C

3.

B

4.

B

5.

A

6.

B

7.

B

8.

C

9.

D

10.

D

11.

A

12.

D

13.

D

14.

D

15.

C

16.

D

17.

C

18.

C

19.

B

20.

C

21.

D


Write short notes on the following:

The mercy and kindness of the Holy Prophet for:

(a)

Women

(b)

Children

(c)

Ummah

(d)

Orphans

2.

"The Holy Prophet eliminated discrimination on the grounds of colour and race and made all the Muslims brothers to one another under this command of Allah." Discuss in detail.

3.

What is equality? How the Holy Prophet established equality in Islamic Society.

Islamiat Inter

-189-

Ch # 1

4.

What is forgiveness? What are its effects on human society? Describe a few incidents where there Prophet showed the quality of forgiveness.

5.

The Holy Prophet was an embodiment of patience and determination. Explain with the help of examples.

6.

What is Zikr? What are its kinds and benefits? 

Islamiat Inter

-190-

Ch # 1

CHAPTER 4

Islamiat Inter

-191-

Ch # 1

INTRODUCTION TO QURAN AND HADITH

(A)

INTRODUCTION TO QURAN

The Quran-e-Majeed is the last divine book of Allah Almighty which was revealed upon the last Prophet Hazrat Muhmmad during the period of approximately 23 years gradually and according to the needs and demands arising from time to time. This is a very noble and sacred book containing a message of guidance for all human beings. Apart from the Holy Quran, there are other divine books which were revealed upon the previous Prophets e.g., Taurat, Zaboor and Ingil. Besides, there are Sahaif (the divine books) which were also revealed upon Prophets. All these divine books contain fundamental teachings like Oneness of Allah Almighty, rejection of Shirk, morals obligations and prayers. Except the Quran, all other divine books were meant for a particular period and a particular nation. Their teachings were confined to a specific period and not applicable to other times. Holy Quran is the comprehensive book which contains guidance for all fields of life, for all mankind and for all times to come till the day of judgement. This is the last divine book revealed upon the last Prophet . DIFFERENT NAMES OF THE HOLY QURAN The scholars have discussed different names of the Holy Quran. In Kitab-ul-Burhan, 55 names of the Holy Quran, derived from verses of the Holy Quran, have been discussed. A few of these names are listed below: 1. Al-Kitab: The only book among all the books in the world which deserves to be called a book is the Holy Quran. 2. Al-Furqan: Which can distinguish between truth and falsehood.

Islamiat Inter

3. Noor: 4. Shifa:

-192-

Ch # 1

5., Tazkira:

Which shows light and guidance Which can provide spiritual shifa and a message of health A source of warning and advice

6. Al-Ilm:

A source of knowledge and vision

7. Al-Bian:

Which explains every matter

Names of the Holy Qura'n based on its Qualities:

Allah Almighty has described certain qualities of the Quran. For example; 1. Hakeem:

Containing wisdom

2. Majeed:

Sublime

3. Mubarak: blessed 4. Al-Aziz:

possessing great prestige

5. Mubeen:

which educates guidance

6. Karim:

Having noble qualities

No one can guess the qualities and blessings of this book. It has dealt with unlimited subjects and ideas. Any person who has a true spirit of obtaining guidance can benefit from its teachings. REVELATION OF THE HOLY QURAN:

Hazrrat Muhammad was forty years old when the revelation of the Quran begun upon him. During this part of his age, he spent most of his time in solitude. He went to the Ghar-e-Hira (The cave of Hira) for prayers. THE FIRST WAHEE: One day when he was busy in his prayers in the cave. Hazrat Jibril Amin appeared at the cave and asked Hazrat Muhammad to read. The Holy Prophet told him that he was illiterate. This question and answer

Islamiat Inter

-193-

Ch # 1

was repeated three times. The fourth time Hazrat Jibril

Amin seized the Prophet and pressed him and then released him. After this, he read these five verses of Sura Alaq:

Proclaim! (Or read) in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created. Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood. Proclaim! And thy Lord is most Bountiful. He Who taught (the used of) the Pen. Taught man that which he knew not. The beginning of revelation overwhelmed him. He started shivering and returned home. He told all about this to his wife Hazrat Khadija-tul-Kubra. She comforted him with these words, "Allah will never fail you. You bring the relatives, closer together. You share the difficulties of other people. You offer wealth to the beggars and are hospitable." In fact, these words of Hazrat Khadija serve as a lesson for all the Muslims. If anyone adopts these qualities, Allah Almighty will bless him with success in practical life and free him from all difficulties. Afterwards Hazrat Khadija fetched him to his cousin Warqa bin Naufil who was the scholar of Injil. SURAHS AND VERSES OF THE HOLY QURAN: The Holy Quran comprises 114 Suras. Every Sura contains a few verses or Ayat . Ayat means token or sign. Therefore, every Ayat is a sign of some eternal law of Allah Almighty. There are 6666 ayats in the Holy Quran. Except Sura Tauba, every Sura begins with BISMILLAH .

Islamiat Inter

-194-

Ch # 1

Sura Baqra is the largest Sura of the Holy Quran and sura Al-Kausar is the shortest, which has only three verses. The Holy Quran has been divided into thirty parts. Each part is called a Para. The Holy Quran has seven Stations (Manazils). These Manazil have been fixed to enable a man to complete the recitation of Holy Quran in one week, if he wishes to do so. CHARACTERISTICS OF MAKKI SURAHS: The Holy Prophet spent the first thirteen years of his Prophethood in Makkah. During this period, he had to face great difficulties. To people known to him turned against him and did not care to listen to the message of Tauheed. They suffered from the evil of shirk. They decided after long deliberation that they would not accept his message but will oppose him tooth and nail. They

spread thorns in his way. When the Holy Prophet recited the Holy Quran they shouted so that the people may not listen to the Holy Quran. They persecuted the people who embraced Islam. This period of thirteen years was a period of great difficulties and troubles. During this period, the suras of Holy Quran revealed upon the Holy Prophet contained a message of patience. Beside this, the topics relating to Oneness of Allah Almighty, Prophethood and the life in the world hereafter have been dealt with. He was orderd to migrate to Madina after thirteen years. CHARACTERISTICS OF MADNI SURAHS: After Hijrat when the Holy Prophet arrived in Madina the situation was quite different. A number of people in Madina had embraced Islam before his arrival. After Hijrat when a small group of Muslims led by the Holy Prophet reached Madina, the Holy Prophet set up an Islamic State with the help of Mahajreen and Ansars. During this period, the Suras and verses of the Holy Quran revealed were meant to meet the new needs in the situation. Those pertain to the social, economic and

Islamiat Inter

-195-

Ch # 1

political problems. In addition to these topics emphasis was laid on spending wealth in the way of Allah Almighty, exercise of justice, business dealing and compulsion of Jehad. Roza, Zakat and Hajj were made compulsory. The Holy Prophet spent ten years in Madina. During this period, many verses and Suras of the Holy Quran were revealed on different occasions. During this period Muslims fought many battles with the non-believers. The first battle with the non believers is called Ghazva-e-Badr and the last battle was Ghazva-e-Tabook. THE LAST HAJJ OF THE HOLY PROPHET

:

The Holy Prophet performed his last Hajj in 10 Hijrah. This is called Hajja-tul-Vidda. During the last twenty three years the Holy Prophet had completed his mission. He had accomplished the Deen and Sharia. He had discharged his duty of guiding the Muslims by establishing an Islamic State. During this last Hajj, the Holy Prophet delivered an address which contains very useful orders and advice. The Holy Prophet addressed a large number of his companions and told them that he had conveyed the commands of Deen. All confirmed this, with the following words. They replied in the affirmative and confirmed that the Holy

Prophet had conveyed Risalat and delievered Amanat and guided the Ummah. The last address of the Holy Prophet indicated that he had completed his mission and was about to leave this world. That is why, he addressed such a large number of Muslims for the last time. After this address the following revelation declared the completion of Deen.

Islamiat Inter

-196-

Ch # 1

This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. After the revelation of this verse, the Holy Prophet ed away after some time. Before his demise, the Holy Prophet urged his Ummah to follow the Holy Quran steadfastly. Therefore, all the Muslims are bound not only to show respect to the last divine book of Allah Almighty but also follow its teachings. THE PRESERVATION OF THE HOLY QURA'N Allah Almighty has Himself promised to preserve the Holy Quran. Allah says:

We have, without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly Guard it (from corruption) In this verse, Allah Almighty has made three points. ‫٭‬ First this book has been revealed by Allah Almighty. This means that this is not an ordinary book, but has been revealed by Allah Almighty for the guidance of mankind. ‫٭‬ Second, this is a book of Zikr, Zikr means advice, i.e., This book has been revealed to advise the people with the intention of their welfare. ‫٭‬ Third, it has been declared that Allah Almighty is responsible for the preservation of this book. This means that no tampering alternation or suppression of any portion of this book is possible. Other divine books have been subjected to tampering and alterations. However, Quran is intact in its original form; even after the age of centuries. Its

Islamiat Inter

-197-

Ch # 1

language, eloquence and contents exist without any change. The Holy Quran contains guidance for mankind for all times to come. It is for all ages and all races of mankind. The power of government cannot suppress its teachings. Allah Almighty has fulfilled His promise to preserve the Holy Quran. This fact has been acknowledged by the Muslims as well as non-muslims. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Move not thy tongue concerning the (Quran) to make haste therewith. It is for Us to collect it and to promulgate it. But when we have promulgated it, follow thou its recital (as promulgated). Nay more, it is for us to explain it (and make it clear). The Holy Prophet ensured that the contents of the Holy Quran should be committed to memory and writing. That is why a large number of the companions of the Holy Prophet learnt the Holy Quran by heart. In addition to this the contents of the Holy Quran were recorded on slabs, plain leaves, and the shoulder bone of the camel. EDITING OF THE HOLY QURAN The present order of the Suras of the Holy Quran is

TAUQIFI. This means that the Holy Prophet has arranged the contents of the Holy Quran according to the commands of Allah Almighty. When a Sura was revealed the Holy Prophet himself instructed the scribes to write the sura in question before or after some particular sura. When ayat were revealed he directed to record the same in a particular sura. In view of this practice, the Muslims believe that editing of the Holy Quran has been made

Islamiat Inter

-198-

Ch # 1

under the will of Allah Almighty. Among the scribes of Wahi are included the four caliphs. THE COLLECTION OF THE HOLY QURAN IN BOOK FORM DURING THE PERIOD OF HAZRAT ABU BAKKAR SIDDIQUE (R.A)

During the life time of the Holy Prophet the Holy Quran did not exist in a single book form. It contents were recorded on different articles. In the time of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique, the need arose to compile it in book form. During his caliphate, the Muslims fought a war (YAMAMA) with Muselima Kazzab who claimed to be a Prophet. The army sent to crush him consisted of a large number of Huffaz-e-Quran. A large number of them were martyred during the war. The Muslims won the war but it was felt that death of Huffaz-e-Quran might not affect the preservation of the Holy Quran. Therefore, Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique entrusted the work of the compilation of the Holy Quran to a famous Qari and Hafiz, Sahabi Zaid Bin Sabit who also served as a scribe of Wahi during the period of the Holy Prophet . He completed this task with great diligence. This manuscript of the Holy Quran remained with Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique (R.A). After his death, it was in the custody of Hazrat Umar and after his death, it was ed on to Hazrat Hifsa. Compilation of Qur'an and Hazrat Usman (R.A): During the Caliphate of Hazrat Usman it was observed that Non-Arabs are facing propblems in reciting the Qur'an because of different Arabic accents. Hazrat Usman got many copies of the manuscript of Hazrat Abu Bakr prepared under his supervision according to Qureshi Accent and sent the same to the different parts of his empire. That is why he is called Jame Al Qur'an. Diacritical marks were added for non-Arabs: The original manuscript of the Qur'an does not have the signs indicating the vowels in Arabic script. These

Islamiat Inter

-199-

Ch # 1

vowels are known as tashkil, zabar, zair, paish in Urdu and as fatah, damma and qasra in Arabic. The Arabs did not require the vowel signs and diacritical marks for correct pronunciation of the Qur'an since it was their mother tongue. For Muslims of non-Arab origin, however, it was difficult to recite the Qur'an correctly without the vowels. These marks were introduced into the Quranic script during the time of the fifth 'Umayyad' Caliph, Malik-arMarwan (66-86 Hijri/685-705 C.E.) and during the governorship of Al-Hajaj in Iraq. STYLE OF THE HOLY QURAN: The style of the Holy Quran is very appealing and charming. When it is recited, the people are attracted to listen to it. There is a great effect in its contents. It deeply touches the heart and mind of its listeners. Its verses contain vast meanings. People have spent their ages to write the Tafseer of this book. This process is still going on. The style of the Holy Quran is quite different from other worldly books. It addresses man directly and calls upon him to follow the right path. This book is free from all kinds of shortcomings. The Muslims have been reciting the Holy Quran for centuries. This is the proof that this is a divine book which cannot be changed. QUALITIES OF THE HOLY QURAN: The Holy Quran possesses certain qualities which have made it immortal. It is not possible to enumerate all the qualities. However, a few qualities are described as under: 1. The Holy Quran is the true book. Its message and teachings contain truth. It contains very solid arguments and proofs. Allah Almighty says:

I.L.R. (This is) a book, with verses basic or fundamental (of established meaning), further explained in detail, from One Who is Wise and Well-Acquainted (with all things)

Islamiat Inter

-200-

Ch # 1

The arguments are very solid and convincing and lead us to truth. These are free from any contradiction. There is a consistency in the topics dealt with in the Holy Quran. Allah Almighty says:

Had it been from other than Allah; they would surely have found therein much discrepancy 2. This book guarantees the success of those individuals and nations who believe in it truly and sincerely and who follow its commands. Through this book, they can win prestige and distinction in the world. Hazrat Umar has expressed this fact in these words: "Through this book Allah Almighty Taala will ensure the rise of many nations as well as the down fall of some." Under the influence of the Holy Quran, the life of Hazrat Umar was changed altogether. Hazrat Umar belonged to the middle class section of the Quresh and he used to attend the goats of his father as a shepherd. After embracing Islam, Hazrat Umar displayed great qualities of leadership. He was the founder of an empire greater than the empires of Rome and Iran. He has laid down guiding principles of State craft which is a source of pride for the entire world. Although he was the head of a great state yet he was extremely pious and noble. It is a fact that a person who closely follows the Holy Quran will be blessed with prestige and honour. On the other hand, a person who ignores the teachings of the Holy Quran will face degradation and destruction. In his famous poem entitled "SHIKWAH" Iqbal has also expressed similar feelings and views.

Islamiat Inter

-201-

Ch # 1

Allama Iqbal is of the view that the only cause of the prevailing deterioration of Muslims is their separation from the Holy Quran. If the Muslims follow the commands of the Holy Quran, they can win back their prestige and honour. 3. The Holy Quran has great influence on human heart and mind, feelings, desires and tendencies. It performs a vital rule in the reformation and chastisement of human character and personality. The recitation of the Holy Quran creates tendencies in our hearts as well as develops the blessings of determination and conviction. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HOLY QURAN: As the Holy Quran has been revealed upon the Prophet by Allah Almighty it contains great effectiveness as mentioned in the following verse of the Holy Quran:

Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, verily, thou would have seen it humble itself and cleave as under for fear of Allah It is due to this effectiveness that when a believer recites the Holy Quran he feels a strange condition in his heart and mind. This condition is a reflection in his faith and conviction. The believer gets closer to Allah Almighty and absorbs Quranic teachings. A study of a Hadith shows that the Holy Prophet asked his companions to read out the Holy Quran to him. On such occasions, the Holy Prophet felt great tenderness and ecstasy. The following Hadith is narrated in this connection. Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood narrates that the Holy

Prophet asked him to read out the Holy Quran. He replied how he can read out the Holy Quran to him as it was revealed upon him. The Holy Prophet

told that he

Islamiat Inter

-202-

Ch # 1

preferred to listen to the Holy Quran read out by other persons. Therefore, Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood started reciting Sura Nisa. When he recited the following verse:

How then if We brought from each People a witness, and We brought thee as a witness against these People!

The Holy Prophet told him to stop. Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood saw that there were tears in the eyes of the Holy Prophet Mufasir Ibne Kaseer writes in his commentary thus: "They neither cried nor showed affectation. They were so distinguished in calmness, respect and submission that no one could match them in these qualities. At the time of the recitation from the Holy Quran a reader experience a condition of shivering as well as state of peace." The feelings of tenderness indicate that the reader is being blessed by Allah Almighty. It is established by Quran and hadith that recitation from the Holy Quran brings the blessings of Allah Almighty. A listener can share this blessing if he listens to the recitation with silence and attention. Allah Almighty says:

When the Quran is read, listen to it with attention, and hold you power that receive Mercy. This means that those people get the blessings of Allah Almighty who listen to the Holy Quran attentively so that they may absorb the meanings of the Quran property. B. INTRODUCTION TO HADITH

The Holy Quran is the last divine book revealed upon Hazrat Muhammad

. He

was the preacher

Islamiat Inter

-203-

and the teacher of the Holy Quran. Therefore, he out the entire Holy Quran to the people. He

Ch # 1

read made

them write it and learn it by hear. He explained the meanings of the Holy Quran and himself followed the orders and teachings of the Holy Quran to serve as a model for the Ummah. The life of the Holy Prophet is in fact a practical interpretation of the Holy Quran. The sayings action and statements of the Holy Prophet Hadith.

are called

MEANINGS OF HADITH: The Arabic word Hadith means conversation or sayings. In it means the sayings, the doings and the

advice of the Holy Prophet

.

TYPES of HADITH: The Holy Prophet communicated the teachings of the Holy Quran through his conversation or actions. Hadiths are of three types: 1. Hadith-e-Qoli

:

He explained the contents of the Holy Qur'an. These sayings are called Hadith-e-Qoli. 2. Hadith-e-Faeli

:

Sometimes He acted upon these teachings for the guidance of his followers. These actions are called Hadith-e-Faeli. 3. Hadith-e-Taqreeri

:

Islamiat Inter

-204-

Ch # 1

Sometimes his followers expressed their ideas or

perform certain actions and the Holy Prophet remainded silent and made no comments. In this way these actions also became a part of Deen because they were not objected to by the Holy Prophet

.

The collection of all this is called Hadiths.

The Religious Status of Hadith: What is the religious status of Ahadith? To understand this, the following positions of the Holy Prophet

must be kept in view which have been highlighted in the Holy Quran. 1.

A PERFECT MODEL:

The Holy Prophet is a perfect model of human behaviour for all the believers:

Ye has indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern of (conduct) for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Final Day, and who engages much in the praise of Allah. 2.

WORTHY TO BE FOLLOWED: His obedience is compulsory:

So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believed in Allah and His Words.

Islamiat Inter

3.

-205-

Ch # 1

COMPULSORY TO FOLLOW:

If the Holy Prophet gives us something we should take it and if he forbids something we should shun it.

So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you 4.

COMPULSORY OBEDIENCE:

It is compulsory for all the Muslims to obey the Holy Prophet

.

O ye who believe! obey Allah and obey the Messenger 5.

GUIDE TO RIGHT PATH: The right path can be found obeying the Holy

Prophet

.

If ye obey him, ye shall be on right guidance

The above verses of the Holy Quran show that all instructions given by the Holy Prophet to his followers, all explanation made by him to interpret the Holy Quran, the things declared Halal and Haram by him and the decisions made by him to settle disputes all pertained to relgion or Shariah. Apart from this his whole life is the best model for the Ummah to follow. It is compulsory for every believer to follow his orders. In short obedience of the

Prophet is in fact the obedience of Allah Almighty. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

Islamiat Inter

-206-

Ch # 1

He who obeys the Messenger obeys Allah

This means that as it is compulsory to obey Allah Almighty it is also compulsory and necessary to obey Hazrat Muhammad . Obviously orders regarding Deen are contained in the Holy Quran but explanation of these orders, details and practical observance can be made only with the help of the sayings, action and model of the Holy Prophet

. Without this knowledge proper obedience of

the Holy Prophet

is impossible.

PRESERVATION OF THE HADITH The Holy Quran contains all the fundamental teachings of Islam, all beliefs and all orders on different issues. Every word of the Holy Quran was committed to memory, by the people. Further reliable scribes were

engaged by the Holy Prophet to write down the contents. Similarly, Hadith Sharif which contains all the details of beliefs and practical details were committed to memory by the companions of the Holy Prophet and they started following the practical part of Hadith very carefully. The Holy Prophet himself dictated necessary orders and instructions on different occasions. These writings are mentioned in the standard books of Hadith. In addition, these are the written instructions to the tribes, replies to letters, the record of first census of Madina, invitation to famous kings and rulers, contracts, declaration of amnesty and many different writing which

were got written by the Holy Prophet from time to time. It is said that after the battle of Badar the Muslims in Madina learnt to write and the scribing of Hadith was

Islamiat Inter

-207-

Ch # 1

formally started. Although the Arab nation was illiterate prior to Islam but after embracing Islam they took interest in reading and writing and there were a number of persons who took down every word uttered by the Holy Prophet

to learn the same by heart. This shows that the companions of the Holy Prophet were very keen to learn the Ahadith and collect them. That is why the Holy Prophet often said, "May Allah Almighty keep that person happy who listened to my Hadith, learnt it by heart and then ed it on as he had heard it."

COMPILATION OF HADITH This is an established fact that certain companions of the Holy Prophet

had recorded the Hadith of the

Prophet . As we know that the Holy Prophet himself dictated many orders and instructions. It is clear that the work of compilation of Hadith had been taken up during the life time of The Holy Prophet (A.H) as the orientalists say.

and not in 2

THE FIRST PHASE OF COMPILATION OF HADITH:

In the early period of Islam, many collections of Hadith were available. Among these collections, Saheefa Sadiqa of Hazrat Abdullah bin Ammer Bin Al-Aas is very famous. Similarly, the Sahifa compiled by Hazrat Ali contained many orders and issues. The most important is the Sahifa of Hazrat Abu Huraira as it has reached us as quoted and compiled by his pupil Hamam bin Munaba. This Sahifa was traced and verified when a few years before two identical manuscripts were found one in Berlin and the other in Damuscus. Further this Sahifa has been reproduced without any change in Masnad of Imam Ahmad. Most of the Hadith of this Sahifa are included in different chapters of Sahih Bukhari. In this way modern

Islamiat Inter

-208-

Ch # 1

research has brought to light many letters and documents

of Hazrat Muhammad . Among these the invitations of Maquqas of Egypt and Nijashi are famous. THE SECOND PHASE OF COMPILATION OF HADITH: As a matter of fact compilation of Hadith was taken up in the first century A.H. However, it is also a fact that the people of Arabia kept the record of every matter through their memory and did not like to keep written records. The reason for this was the Arabs had a very sharp memory and they wrote only to refresh their memories. COMPILATION of HADITH and Umer bin Abdul Aziz: At the close of the century in the year 99 A.H. Khalifa Umar bin Abdul Aziz realized that most of the companions of the Holy Prophet had ed away. He was concerned that this might not adversely affect the knowledge and subject of Ahadith. Therefore, he issued an order to all the scholars in different countries to collect and

compile the Ahadith of the Holy Prophet . In compliance with this order Imam Shaibe of Kufa, Imam Zahri of Madina and Imam Makhool of Syria collected Hadith. Similarly, at the end of the first century great Aaimma, Ta'been, fully participated in the collections and compilation of Ahadith. In the second century A.H. this process further flourished. Along with Ahadith the descriptions of Fatawa and sayings of the companions, Ahl-i-Bait and Tabeen were collected and compiled. The most renowned books among these are Al-asar of Imam Abu Hanifa, Mowta of Imam Malik and Aljamay of Imam Sufian Suri. During this century, Fiqah Hanfi and Fiqah Malki were compiled in the light of these Ahadith and descriptions which were followed by the companions and Ta'been.

Islamiat Inter

-209-

Ch # 1

THE THIRD PHASE OF COMPLIATION OF HADITH:

In the third century Ilm-e-Hadith made much progress. Mohadeseen reached every corner of the world in search of Ahadith. They separated reliable Ahadith from the unreliable ones. The accurate reference to the narrator of Ahadith was established. Isma-ul-Rijal was compiled: Cross examination and scrutiny to establish authenticity of Hadith became an art. During this period valuable books like Sihah-i-Sitta were produced. Following is a list of Sihai-Sitta and their authors:

SIHA-I-SITTA 1.

SAHIH BUKHARI Imam Abou Abdullah Muhammad Ben Ismail Bukhari (d. 256 A.H) 2.

3.

4.

SAHIH MUSLIM Imam Muslim Ben Hajaj Ben Muslim Qasheri (d. 261 A.H) JAMI TIRMAZI Imam Abou Issa Muhammad Ben Issa Al Tirmazi (d. 279 A.H) SUNAN-E-ABE DAUD Imam Abou Daud Suleman Ben Ashas (d. 275

A.H) 5. SINAN-E-NISAE Imam Abou Abdurehman Ahmed Ben Ali Al Nisae (d. 303 A.H) 6. SUNAN-E-IBNEMAJA Imam Abou Abdullah Muhammad Ben Yazed Ibne Maja Al Qazveni (d. 273 A.H)

ASOOL-E-ARBA

Islamiat Inter

-210-

Ch # 1

The following four books contain the most authenticated Ahadith pertaining to Fiqa Jafaria. These are called Asool-e-Arba: 1. AL KAFI Abou Jafar Muhammad Ben Yaqoob Alkulini. (d. 339 A.H) 2. MAN LA YAHZURHU ALFAQIH Abou Jafar Muhammad Ali Ben Babveh Qummi (d. 381 A.H) 3. AL ISTIBSAR Abou Jafar Muhammad Ben Al Hassan Al Toosi (d. 460 A.H) 4. TAHZEEB AL-AHKAM Abou Jafar Muhammad Ben Al Hassan Al Toosi (d. 460 A.H)

SELECTED VERSES OF THE HOLY QUR'AN (1)

O you who believe! Guard your duty to Allah Almighty, and always be true and straight forward in speech. Then He will set right your deeds and will forgive you your sins. And he who obeys Allah Almighty and His Messenger, it is he who achieves a mighty success. (2)

Surely you have an excellent example for you guidance in (the life of) the Messenger of Allah. (3)

Islamiat Inter

-211-

Ch # 1

And hold fast, to the rope of Allah altogether, and do not be divided. (4)

Surely the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most pious of you. (5)

Verily In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day there are indeed signs for men of understanding. (6)

By no means shall you ever attain true virtue unless you spend of those things that you hold dear. (7)

And what the Holy Messenger gives you, take it and what he forbids you, abstain from it. (8)

Surely prayer forbids (one from) indecency and sin. (9)

Islamiat Inter

-212-

Ch # 1

And no person earns anything but it is on his own ; and no bearer of burden shall bear the burden of another. (10)

Surely Allah commands justice in all matters and doing good (to everybody). (11)

Verily, it is We Who revealed this reminder (The Holy Quran) and verily We are its guardian. (12)

O you who believe! Fasting is ened upon you.

SELECTED HADITHS

(1)

Verily, our actions depend on our intentions. No doubt man will get what he intends. (2)

Verily, I have been sent as a Prophet to bring the high morals to perfection. (3)

Islamiat Inter

-213-

Ch # 1

No one amongst you can be a believer unless he holds me dearer than his own parents, his offspring and other people. (4)

No one amongst you can be a believer unless he chooses the same thing for his brothers which he likes for himself. (5)

A Muslim is one whose tongue and hands do not injure other Muslims. (6)

Allah does not take pity on the one who does not take pity on people. (7)

All possessions of a Muslim are forbidden to the other, his blood, his belongings his honour. (8) The one who adopts the middle way will never be a beggar. (9)

One who pursues the path of knowledge is led by Allah to one of the paths leading to paradise. (10)

Islamiat Inter

-214-

Ch # 1

Every faithful is brother of the other faithful. They are like a body; if a part of the body is painful, he will feel the pain in his whole body. (11) The Paradise is under the feet of the mother. (12)

The truth saves the human beings from every trouble and the falsehood results into their destruction. 

SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Ans: 2. Ans:

3. Ans:

4. Ans:

What is meant by the Tarteeb-e-Nazooli(order of revelation)? The order in which the Holy Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet (PBUH) is called Tarteeb-e-Nazooli What is meant by Ashra-e-Mubashira? Ten fortunate companions of the Prophet (PBUH) who were given the good news of Jannah in their lifetime are called Ashra-e-Mubashira. What is Tuqeefi Order? The arrangement of the Holy Qur'an prescribed by Allah Almighty to the Prophet (PBUH) is called Tuqeefi Order. Define Haroof e Muqateaat. These are the singular words in the beginning of certain Surahs of the Holy Qur'an. Their meanings are not known to anyone except Allah Almighty and the Prophet (PBUH).

Islamiat Inter

5.

Ans: 6. Ans:

7. Ans: 8. Ans: 9.

-215-

Ch # 1

Whose selection of Hadith is called Sahifa-eSadiqah? This is the collection of Hazrat Abdullah bin Amer bin Al-Aass (R.A) Write down names of four Qur'anic Surahs named after animals. i. Al Baqarah ii. Al Nahl iii. Al Naml iv. Al Fil Write down two characteristics of Madni Surahs. i. Length ii. Description of worships iii. Commandment of Jihad What is meant by Mutafaq Aleh (totally agreed upon)? Hadith accepted by both Bukhari and Muslim is called Mutafaq-Aleh.

Define Madni Surahs and how many are they?

Ans: The Surahs revealed after migration and these are twenty eight in number. 10.

What is meant by SAHIHAIN?

Ans: Two authentic books of Hadith Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim are called Sahihain. 11.

What and how many are basic sources of Islamic Law?

Ans: There are four sources: Qur'an, Hadith, Concensus and inference. Qur'an and Hadith are the Primary Sources and are the most important. 12.

How many prostrations are in the Holy Qur'an?

Ans: There 14 prostrations in the Holy Qur'an. 13.

Whose title is Jame-ul-Qur'an and why?

Ans: Hazrat Usman (R.A) is called Jame ul Qur'an because he collected the Holy Qur'an on one Qiraat and got it bound in a book form.

Islamiat Inter

14.

-216-

Ch # 1

Write down the names of any four scribes of Revelation.

Ans: Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit, Hazrat Abi bin Ka'ab, Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Ali (R. A)

15.

Write down four names of the Holy Qur'an.

Ans: i. Al Zikr

ii. Al Furqan

iii. AL Kitab

16.

iv. Al Hakim

Where did Hazrat Khadijah fetch the Prophet (PBUH) after the first revelation?

Ans: She (R.A) Fetch him (PBUH) to her cousin Warqa Bin Naufal. 17.

Write down three names from Siha-e-Sitta.

Ans: Sahih Bukhari 18.

Jame Tirmizi

Write down two means of preservation of the Holy Qur'an.

Ans: i. writing Heart

19.

Sahih Muslim

ii.

Acting upon

iii.

Learning by

Define Hadith e Taqreeri.

Ans: The actions performed before the Prophet (PBUH) and he did not forbid them are called Hadith Taqreeri. 20.

Which was the first revelation? Write number of verses and name of the Surah.

Ans: The first revelation contains the first 5 verses of Surah Al Alaq. 21.

Define Hadith-e-Qudsi.

Ans: The Hadith which Holy Prophet (PBUH) related to Allah Almighty is called Hadith Qudsi.

22.

What is Fatrat ul Wahee?

Ans: It means the gap between two revelations.

Islamiat Inter

23.

-217-

Ch # 1

Write down the literal and figurative meanings of Sunnah.

Ans: The word Sunnah means; the way or style and in it is the way of Prophet (PBUH).

24.

Write down the name of the compiler of Sahih Bukhari and also mention the year of his death.

Ans: Imam Abou Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ismael Bukhari and he died in 256 A.H. 25.

What is meant by Surah and what is the total number of Qur'anic Surahs?

Ans: Surah means a part or a fortress and these are 114 in number. 26.

Write down the complete name of the compiler of the Sahih Muslim.

Ans: Imam Muslim Bin Hajaj Qashiri. 27.

On which Qiraat hazrat Usman (R.A) collected the Holy Qur'an?

Ans: He collected the Qur'an on Qureshi style of reciting.

28.

Who was appointed to compile the Holy Qur'an by Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)?

Ans: Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit R.A was appointed. 29.

Who ordered the scholars to compile Hadiths?

Ans: Hazrat Omer Bin Abdul Aziz (R.A). 30.

Write down the name of the compiler of Sunnan-eAbi Dawood.

Ans: Imam Abou Dawood Salman Bin Ashaas.

31.

Define Asmaa al Rijal.

Ans: It is the knowledge about the narrators of Hadith.

Islamiat Inter

32.

-218-

Ch # 1

On which the Holy Qur'an was written in the days of the Holy Prophet

(PBUH)?

Ans: The Holy Qur'an was written on Palm Leaves, Wood, Leather and Slabs of stones. 33.

Write down three types of Hadith.

Ans: i.

Hadith Qouli

ii. Hadith Faeli

iii. Hadith Taqreeri 34.

Who is the compiler of Kitaab Al Aasaar?

Ans: Imam Abou Hanifa Noman, Bin Sabit is the compiler of Kitaab Al-Aasaar. 35.

Whose book is Al Mowata?

Ans: Al Mawata is the book of Hadith compiled by Imam Malik Bin Anas.


2.

3.

4.

The honour in the light of Qur’an depends upon: (A)

Colour and Creed

(C)

Beauty

(B)

Age

(D)

Piety

Before the announcement of Prophethood the Prophet (PBUH) used to go to:

(A)

Jabal e Rahmat

(B)

The cave of Saur

(C)

The cave of Hira

(D)

Bait ul Maqdas

Annotated the Holy Qur’an: (A)

Abou Bakr

(B)

The Prophet (PBUH)

(C)

Hazrat Zaid

Ravi is:

(D)

Hajaj Bin Yusuf

Islamiat Inter

(A) Hadith

5.

Scribe of Hadith

(D)

Translator of Hadith

Jame Tirmizi

(D)

Mautaa Imam Malik

10.

(B)

Sahih

Taba’i is:

The follower The faithful companion of the Prophet

(C)

The Pious one

(D)

The faithful being in the company of Sahahbi

Number of Makki Surahs is: (A)

9.

Sahih Bukhari

(C)

(B) (PBUH)

8.

Learner of

The First book of Hadith is:

(A)

7.

Ch # 1

Narrator of Hadith (B)

(C)

(A) Muslim

6.

-219-

80

(B)

100

(C) 86 (D) 114 Name of Imam Shafa’I is: (A) Muhammad Bin Ismael (B) Nauman (C) Muhammad Bin Idrees (D) Anas Hamam Bin Munaba was the pupil of: (A) Hazrat Ali (B) Hazrat Sa’ad (C) Hazrat Abu Huraira (D) Hazrat Abu Bakr Bismillah comes twice in: (A) Surah Al Naml (B) Surah Maryam (C) Surah Tauba (D) Surah Jumma

Islamiat Inter

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

-220-

Ch # 1

Rijal means: (A) Women (B) Men (C) Slaves (D) Children Sahifa Sadiqa was compiled by: (A) Imam Bukhari (B) Hazrat Abi Huraira (C) Hazrat Abdullah Bin Amr (D) Hazrat Haroon Mother of Prophet PBUH was died at: (A) Abwa (B) Madina (C) Tai’f (D) Makka Hazrat Jibrael used to come in the guise of: (A) Hazrat Dahya Kalbi (B) Hazrat Umer Farooq (C) Hazrat Muaaz (D) Hazrat Abbas The Present order of the Qur’an is: (A) Tauqifi (B) Nazuli (C) Tofiqi (D) Tosifi Battle against Muselma kadhab was: (A) Mauta (B) Yamama (C) Hunain (D) Tabuk Compilation of Hadith began in the era of: (A) Companions (B) Tabi’in (C) Prophet(PBUH) (D) Banu Abbas Number of Stations in the Holy Qur’an is: (A) 114 (B) 7 (C) 14 (D) 10 Kitaab al Aasaar consists of the sayings of: (A) Imam Abou Hanifa

Islamiat Inter

20.

-221-

Ch # 1

(B) Imam Ahmad Bin Hanmbal (C) Imam Shafa’i (D) Imam Malik The poet of the Prophet (PBUH) was: (A) Hazrat Usman (B) Hazrat Saad Bin Abi Waqas (C) Hazrat Hassan (D) Hazrat

Umer 21. The Holy Qur’an was revealed in the month of: (A) Moharram (B) Shiwal (C) Rabiul Awal (D) Ramadhan 22. Total number of Surahs in the Qur’an is: (A) 114 (B) 110 (C) 30 (D) 14 23.

Meaning of (A) (C)

24.

are:

Straightforward talk (B) Last Words (D)

True talk Clear Talk

means: (A) (C)

25.

I love I hate

(B) (D)

you Love I Become beloved

(B)

Order of Allah (D) Will of

means: (A) (C)

Rope of Allah Hand of Allah

Allah

ANSWERS 1. 5. 9. 13.

D D C A

2. 6. 10. 14.

C D A A

3. 7. 11. 15.

D C B A

4. 8. 12. 16.

A C C B

Islamiat Inter

17. 21. 25.

A D A

-222-

18. 22.

B A

19. 23.

Ch # 1

A A

20. 24.

C D


2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

Which are the names of Qur'an? Write down the incident of the First revelation. Write down the characteristics of Makki and Madni Surahs. Describe HUJATULWIDA in detail. Write short note: i. Preservation of The Holy Qur'an ii. Order of the Holy Qur'an iii. Ompilation of the Holy Qur'an in the era of Abu Bakr (R.A) iv. Style of Qur'an Give meaning and definition of Hadith and what is the religious status of Hadith? Describe in detail the three phases of compilation of Hadith. Write down the names of Sihah Sitta with the names of compilers and their death year. Write down the names of Usool e Arba' with the names of compilers and their death year. 

Notes Islamiat Compulsory For First Year In English (objective + Subjective) 5m934

Overview 5o1f4z

More details 6z3438

Related Documents c2h70

Notes Islamiat Compulsory For First Year In English (objective + Subjective) 5m934

24601141 Notes Islamiat Compulsory For First Year In English(2) n204v

Objective And Subjective Test Items v6y4t

English 1st Year Notes 5m3m4f

Intermediate First Year Physics Notes 3g6d73

B.b.s First Year C. English 131f6h

More Documents from "Hafiz Ashfaq Ahmed" 5l4d6y

Narration 44m1y

Essays Matric 3q2l1b

Foreign Policy Of Pakistan 6m544t

Important For Preparation Of Ba English Paper A 5a2x17

Notes Islamiat Compulsory For First Year In English (objective + Subjective) 5m934

Ba: Notes On Modern English Essays 6h4p73