Legal Forms 4r144b

PLEADINGS, PETITIONS, MOTIONS AND OTHER JUDICIAL AND LEGAL FORMS (Revised 2007)1

THEODORE O. TE2

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These forms were first published in 1998 for use in the UP Law Bar Ops for that year. Assistant Professor and Director, University of the Philippines Office of Legal Aid; Ll.B., U.P. (1990); Grateful acknowledgement is given to Feliz Marie M. Guerrero, Ll.B. U.P. (2008, expected) for invaluable assistance in reformatting, proofreading and updating of legal references. 2

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ON WRITING, LEGALLY “Therefore, its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth.” – Genesis, 11:9, ESV

If brevity is the soul of wit, what now is to become of lawyers (and law students) who would nonchalantly write a 100-page document and dare call it a “Brief”? The traditional notion of legal writing is that it is a competition to put together as many four to five-syllable words in a one-paragraph sentence. The language of the law mystifies and with this comes the power of the lawyer. The more obscure and obtuse the language, the greater the need for a lawyer. History has given us many language handicaps and obstacles to clarity and precision. Throughout four years of law school, the law student, who eventually becomes a lawyer, is trained to think in archaic words and phrases–legalese–which appear to have legal significance but is actually too imprecise to help anyone understand what is going on. And to add to the babelish situation, there are hundreds of words in a dead language–Latin–that have little relevance to the contemporary world. There is a sea change, however, going on in legal writing. More and more, pleaders are asked to be clear and concise, precise not pedantic. Why waste five words when three will do?3 But change, as always, is difficult and painful. Yet, it is an essential response to today’s evolving legal profession. Indeed, when the most common means now of communicating is text, with its own subculture and lingo, there must be a re-examination of the archaic manner by which legal writing presents itself. What this short introduction to the accompanying handbook of Pleadings, Petitions, Motions and Other Legal and Judicial Forms seeks to do is to put forth the need to write clearly and concisely, precisely but not pedantically. When a judge’s attention span is short and his backlog of reading is long, the need to write concisely, clearly, precisely but not pedantically becomes absolutely clear. Writing concisely and not pedantically, however, does not mean that the legal writer ought to cut corners when it comes to substance as well as form; the only thing that that guarantees is a baleful stare and a rude dismissal from the judge. Not only must the writer know the arguments and the bases for his arguments, but she must also realize that these arguments need to be presented in a manner that is technically sufficient.

3

My favorite, and many of my students will attest to this, is the absolutely archaic “Comes Now, the Plaintiff, by the undersigned counsel, unto this Honorable Court, respectfully states that” as part of every pleading. Why waste 15 words, when 6 will do, thus: “Plaintiff, by counsel, respectfully states that”. The latter loses none of the legal gravitas but loses every bit of the archaic pretense that mystifies the law and perpetuates the notion that laywers know what they are doing each and every time.

It is hoped that the forms presented here, with checklists4 of legal requirements and short annotations, will provide the impetus for demystifying legal writing and legal drafting. These forms come from actual forms used in the author’s practice, some from worthy opponents and still some from traditional form books, with updates to fit the current state of the Rules. While this handbook was produced, primarily, with the bar examinees and the law intern or law student in mind, it is hoped that it might prove helpful as well when September ends5 and life, as a lawyer, begins in earnest.

Theodore O. Te Room 105, Malcolm Hall University of the Philippines August 2007

4 Acknowledgment is given to Atty. Alex M. Enriquez, (Ll.B., UP, 1990) for the original template of the Checklists, which have been updated to suit current practice. 5 Vide Green Day, “Wake Me Up When September Ends”, which has become an unofficial anthem for bar examinees in the Philippines.

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"" ) The CAPTION is that part of the pleading, which sets forth: 1. the name of the court 2. the title of the action 3. the docket number, if assigned (Sec. 1, par. 1, Rule 7, ROC).

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"" ) The TITLE indicates the names of the parties, who shall be named in the original complaint or petition. However, in subsequent pleadings, it shall be sufficient if the name of the 1st party on each side be stated with an appropriate indication when there are other parties. Their respective participation in the case shall be indicated (Sec. 1, par. 2 &3, Rule 7, ROC).

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"" ) The JURAT accompanies any notarized document that is declaratory in nature, as opposed to a notarized document that transmits rights or property, which must be accompanied by an ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Note that if the document is subscribed before a public officer duly authorized to take oaths, then there is no need for the affiant to produce a CTC nor for the entry into a Notarial ; thus, the italicized portion of the JURAT is dispensed with but not the oath itself.

"" ) JURAT refers to an act in which an individual, on a single occasion: 1. appears in person before a notary public (NP) and presents an instrument or document 2. is personally known to the NP or identified by the NP through competent evidence of identity as defined by these Rules 3. signs the instrument or document in the presence of the NP 4. takes an oath or affirmation before the NP as to such instrument or document (Sec. 5, 2004 Rules on Notarial Practice, A.M. No. 02-8-13-SC effective August 1, 2004).

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"" ) A pleading is verified by an affidavit that the affiant has read the pleading and that the allegations therein are true and correct of his personal knowledge or based on authentic records (Sec. 4, par. 2, Rule 7, ROC).

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Under Sec. 4, par.3, Rule 7, a verification based on “information and belief” or upon “knowledge, information and belief” is considered defective and the pleading unverified/unsigned. "" Exams

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"" ) Under Rule 7, Sec. 5, the plaintiff or principal party must certify under oath in the complaint, initiatory pleading, or sworn certification that: 1.he has not commenced any action or filed any claim involving the same issues in any court, tribunal or quasi-judicial agency and, to the best of his knowledge, no such other action or claim is pending there 2. if there is such other pending action or claim, a complete statement of its present status, and 3. if he should thereafter learn that the same or similar action or claim has been filed or is pending, he shall report that fact within 5 days to the court where his complaint or pleading was filed.

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Submission of a false certification or non-compliance with its undertakings shall constitute indirect contempt of court, w/o prejudice to corresponding and crim actions. ""

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"" ) NOTE: The Notice of Hearing is actually both a REQUEST and a NOTICE; a REQUEST for the Branch Clerk of Court to include the motion in the calendar for hearing on a specific date and a NOTICE to opposing counsel of the hearing date requested. In non-litigious motions or ex parte motions, it is sufficient that the request not contain a date, and for that purpose, the underlined portion in the Request may be omitted with the Notice to opposing counsel simply stating that “counsel will submit the motion to the court for approval immediately upon receipt.”

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"" ) As per SC En Banc Resolution on Bar Matter No. 1132 dated Nov. 12, 2002, all pleadings must indicate the ff: 1. Roll of Attorneys number of counsel 2. Current Professional Tax Receipt number (PTR No.) 3. IBP Official Receipt or Life Member number

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"" ) NOTE: There is no need to attach a Notice of Hearing for a Pre-Trial Brief. Also, pre-trial is now mandatory in criminal cases under Rule 118, 2000 Rules on Criminal Procedure as well as under RA 8493 (The Speedy Trial Act), although neither the law nor the Rules require the submission of a PreTrial Brief in criminal cases (in practice, courts also do not require the submission of a pretrial brief in criminal cases). Consequently, the requirement of a pre-trial brief and the consequences for failure to submit one (e.g., non-suit or dismissal) appear to pertain exclusively to civil cases.

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