Legal And Ethical Considerations In Nursing Informatics 5s615z
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LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN NURSING INFORMATICS Information Security and Confidentiality
Learning Outcomes 1.
2.
3.
Differentiate between privacy, confidentiality, information privacy, and information security. Discuss how information system security affects privacy, confidentiality, and security. Identify potential threats to system security and information.
Learning Outcomes 4.
5.
6.
Discuss security measures designed to protect information. Compare and contrast available methods of authentication in of levels of security, costs, and ease of use. Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate selection and processing.
Learning Outcomes 7.
8.
Identify common examples of confidential forms and communication seen in healthcare settings and identify proper disposal techniques for each. Discuss the impact that Internet technology has on the security of health-related information.
Security
Information security and confidentiality of personal information represent major concerns in today’s society amidst growing reports of stolen and compromised information.
Confidentiality
In the USA, the protection of healthcare information is mandated by the Health Insurance Portability and ability Act (HIPAA) and the t Commission requirements.
Privacy
A state of mind, freedom from intrusion, or control over the exposure of self or of personal information
Significance of Privacy
Key concept to understanding significance of information security and privacy Includes right to determine what information is collected, how it is used, and the ability to review collected information for accuracy and security International movement to protect privacy
Confidentiality
A situation in which a relationship has been established and private information is shared with the expectation that it will not be redisclosed Key to client treatment
Information/Data Privacy
The right to choose the conditions and extent to which information and beliefs are shared and the right to ensure accuracy of information collected
Information Security
…the protection of information against threats to its integrity, inadvertent disclosure, or availability determines the survivability of a system
Information System Security
Ongoing protection of both information housed on the system and the system itself from threats or disruption Primary goals
Protection of client confidentiality Protection of information integrity Ready availability of information when needed
Security Planning
Saves time and money
Guards against:
Downtime Breeches in confidentiality Loss of consumer confidence Cybercrime Liability Lost productivity
Helps ensure compliance with regulatory body/laws
Steps to Security
Assessment of risks and assets
An organizational plan
A “culture” of security
The establishment and enforcement of policies
Threats to System Security and Information
Thieves Hackers and crackers
Viruses, worms
Flooding sites
Denial of service attacks
Terrorists
Power fluctuations Revenge attacks
Threats to System Security and Information
Pirated Web sites Poor management Compromised device
Fires and natural disasters Human error Unauthorized insider access
Security Measures •
Firewalls –
barrier created from software and hardware
•
Antivirus and spyware detection
•
sign-on and s or other means of identity management
•
Access on a need-to-know basis- level of access
•
Automatic sign-off
•
Physical restrictions to system access
Identity Management
Area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating rights and restrictions with the established identity
Authentication
Process of determining whether someone is who he or she professes to be Methods:
access codes logon s digital certificates public or private keys used for encryption and biometric measures
Collection of alphanumeric characters that the types into the computer May be required after the entry of an access code or name Assigned after successful system training Inexpensive but not the most effective means of authentication
Selection and Handling
Do:
Choose s that are 8-12 characters long.
Do not:
Post or write down s.
Leave computers or applications running when not in use.
Avoid obvious s.
Keep your private- ie, do not share.
Re-use the same for different systems.
Change frequently.
Use the “browser save” feature.
Biometrics
Identification based on a unique biological trait, such as:
a fingerprint voice or iris pattern retinal scan hand geometry face recognition ear pattern smell blood vessels in the palm gait recognition
Antivirus Software
Computer programs that can locate and eradicate viruses and other malicious programs from scanned memory sticks, storage devices, individual computers, and networks
Spyware Detection Software
Spyware
a type of software that installs itself without the ’s permission, collects s, PIN numbers, and numbers and sends them to another party
Spyware Detection Software
Detects and eliminates spyware
Proper Handling and Disposal
Acceptable uses
Audit trails to monitor access
Encourage review for accuracy
Establish controls for information use after hours and off site Shred or use locked receptacles for the disposal of items containing personal health information
The Impact of the Internet
Introduces new threats
E-mail and instant messages may carry personal health information that can be intercepted
Unapproved use of messages or Web sites can introduce malicious programs
Web sites used for personal health information may be inappropriately accessed
Implications for Mobile Computing
Devices are easily stolen. Devices should require authentication and encryption to safeguard information security. Devices should never be left where information may be seen by unauthorized viewers. wireless networks before use.
Implications for Mobile Computing
Responsibility for information and information system security is shared
Reference Hebda, T. & Czar, P. (2013). Handbook of informatics for nurses and health care professionals (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
Learning Outcomes 1.
2.
3.
Differentiate between privacy, confidentiality, information privacy, and information security. Discuss how information system security affects privacy, confidentiality, and security. Identify potential threats to system security and information.
Learning Outcomes 4.
5.
6.
Discuss security measures designed to protect information. Compare and contrast available methods of authentication in of levels of security, costs, and ease of use. Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate selection and processing.
Learning Outcomes 7.
8.
Identify common examples of confidential forms and communication seen in healthcare settings and identify proper disposal techniques for each. Discuss the impact that Internet technology has on the security of health-related information.
Security
Information security and confidentiality of personal information represent major concerns in today’s society amidst growing reports of stolen and compromised information.
Confidentiality
In the USA, the protection of healthcare information is mandated by the Health Insurance Portability and ability Act (HIPAA) and the t Commission requirements.
Privacy
A state of mind, freedom from intrusion, or control over the exposure of self or of personal information
Significance of Privacy
Key concept to understanding significance of information security and privacy Includes right to determine what information is collected, how it is used, and the ability to review collected information for accuracy and security International movement to protect privacy
Confidentiality
A situation in which a relationship has been established and private information is shared with the expectation that it will not be redisclosed Key to client treatment
Information/Data Privacy
The right to choose the conditions and extent to which information and beliefs are shared and the right to ensure accuracy of information collected
Information Security
…the protection of information against threats to its integrity, inadvertent disclosure, or availability determines the survivability of a system
Information System Security
Ongoing protection of both information housed on the system and the system itself from threats or disruption Primary goals
Protection of client confidentiality Protection of information integrity Ready availability of information when needed
Security Planning
Saves time and money
Guards against:
Downtime Breeches in confidentiality Loss of consumer confidence Cybercrime Liability Lost productivity
Helps ensure compliance with regulatory body/laws
Steps to Security
Assessment of risks and assets
An organizational plan
A “culture” of security
The establishment and enforcement of policies
Threats to System Security and Information
Thieves Hackers and crackers
Viruses, worms
Flooding sites
Denial of service attacks
Terrorists
Power fluctuations Revenge attacks
Threats to System Security and Information
Pirated Web sites Poor management Compromised device
Fires and natural disasters Human error Unauthorized insider access
Security Measures •
Firewalls –
barrier created from software and hardware
•
Antivirus and spyware detection
•
sign-on and s or other means of identity management
•
Access on a need-to-know basis- level of access
•
Automatic sign-off
•
Physical restrictions to system access
Identity Management
Area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating rights and restrictions with the established identity
Authentication
Process of determining whether someone is who he or she professes to be Methods:
access codes logon s digital certificates public or private keys used for encryption and biometric measures
Collection of alphanumeric characters that the types into the computer May be required after the entry of an access code or name Assigned after successful system training Inexpensive but not the most effective means of authentication
Selection and Handling
Do:
Choose s that are 8-12 characters long.
Do not:
Post or write down s.
Leave computers or applications running when not in use.
Avoid obvious s.
Keep your private- ie, do not share.
Re-use the same for different systems.
Change frequently.
Use the “browser save” feature.
Biometrics
Identification based on a unique biological trait, such as:
a fingerprint voice or iris pattern retinal scan hand geometry face recognition ear pattern smell blood vessels in the palm gait recognition
Antivirus Software
Computer programs that can locate and eradicate viruses and other malicious programs from scanned memory sticks, storage devices, individual computers, and networks
Spyware Detection Software
Spyware
a type of software that installs itself without the ’s permission, collects s, PIN numbers, and numbers and sends them to another party
Spyware Detection Software
Detects and eliminates spyware
Proper Handling and Disposal
Acceptable uses
Audit trails to monitor access
Encourage review for accuracy
Establish controls for information use after hours and off site Shred or use locked receptacles for the disposal of items containing personal health information
The Impact of the Internet
Introduces new threats
E-mail and instant messages may carry personal health information that can be intercepted
Unapproved use of messages or Web sites can introduce malicious programs
Web sites used for personal health information may be inappropriately accessed
Implications for Mobile Computing
Devices are easily stolen. Devices should require authentication and encryption to safeguard information security. Devices should never be left where information may be seen by unauthorized viewers. wireless networks before use.
Implications for Mobile Computing
Responsibility for information and information system security is shared
Reference Hebda, T. & Czar, P. (2013). Handbook of informatics for nurses and health care professionals (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
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