JUDGEMENT & PROPOSITION

What is judgment? Is

the mental act which affirms or denies something.

Judgment Example:

The term “lady” and the term “beautiful” are neither true nor false. But when the intellect compares these two and expresses whether they agree or disagree in a statement, then we can say whether the statement is true or false. Thus, the sentence “The lady is beautiful” could now be said to be true or false.

Affirm-

means to say that something is true in a confident way.

Deny-

means to say that something is not true or to refuse to accept or it (something).

Components of Judgment 1. Existence of two concepts Take the form of subject and predicate in a proposition. 2. Comparison of two concepts Manifest the process of knowing the relationship between two concepts.

3. Pronouncement of agreement & disagreement Embodies the principles behind the true essence of judgment.

Proposition 

Defined as a statement which affirms or denies something about a certain reality or object.

Example: A square is a quadrangle. This sentence affirms the fact that a square really has 4

Proposition *All propositions are sentences but not all sentences are propositions. Example: Keep quiet! This example do not pronounce any judgment. Because it lacks the element of

Proposition To facilitate proper understanding of a logical statement, the following elements must always be present. These are: 1. Subject 2. Predicate 3. Copula

3 Elements of Proposition Subject – is a term which is to be affirmed or denied. Predicate – is that which is to be affirmed or denied of the subject. Copula – pronounces the agreement or disagreement between two . Its main function is to connect the subject to the predicate. The copula is usually presented in a present indicative mood of the verb

Proposition

Though in some cases propositions are not expressed in logical form. There is still a need to transform them so that the true nature of the proposition will clearly be known. This can be done by following the logical pattern of a simple proposition which is.. SUBJECT-----

COPULA

-----

Proposition

SUBJECT----PREDICATE

COPULA

-----

Example: Athletes are people with energy. This could be reconstructed into a logical form of “All athletes are energetic people”.

THREE ELEMENTS OF A PROPOSITION

Subject

Copula

Predicate

A lion

is

a mammal.

Politicians

are

verbose.

Both of these propositions are affirmative. The copula affirms the predicate of the subject.

ANY QUERIES…..?

Activity 1.

Give at least 5 examples of proposition and identify the elements.

Thank you..