Jed Magazine 2011-06 3k292c

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS

PROTECTING

THE MISSION AND THOSE WHO

MUST COMPLETE IT. Effectors that provide state-of-the-art jamming and countermeasure capabilities. Sensors that enhance situational awareness. Integrated EW systems that give warfighters control of the electromagnetic spectrum. They’re all part of Raytheon’s combat-proven electronic warfare systems—and can be integrated into platforms across land, sea and air. So key decision-makers all over the world can count on the innovative technology they need to complete the mission and save lives.

INNOVATION IN ALL DOMAINS www.raytheon.com | Keyword: EWS1 Follow us on:

@raytheoncompany

© 2011 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a ed trademark of Raytheon Company.

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JUNE 2011 Vol. 34, No. 6

The World’s

SIGINT Aircraft

Also in this issue: French EW EW Upgrades for Fighter Aircraft Technology Survey: Airborne IR Decoys and Dispensers

ITT’s advances in providing the next generation of aircraft survivability equipment are another example of our constant commitment to the warfighter. This year, we took our next generation of IRCM solutions beyond simulation, successfully flight testing a fully integrated IRCM system on service aircraft in operational scenarios. By taking aircraft survivability to the next level, ITT’s IRCM s a six-decade heritage of force protection leadership in electronic warfare. To learn more, please visit www.es.itt.com.

Protecting lifelines with the next generation of IR defense.

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June 2011 • Volume 34, Issue 6

News

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

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Country Profile: ’s EW Programs

The Monitor 15 USAF UAV-Borne Comms Jammer Moving Forward. Washington Report 26 HASC Makes No Cuts in FY12 Defense Authorization Bill Markup World Report 28 India Advances Fighter Jet Competition, Plans Mirage Upgrade.

Features The World’s SIGINT Aircraft

30

Martin Streetly

Advances in digitization, miniaturization, reliability and processing have all come together to create much more flexible SIGINT architectures that facilitate plug and play, virtually on the fly updating and which increasingly feature data hand-off capabilities in real- or close to real-time. Upgrading Fighter Aircraft

54

Tom Withington

42

Gábor Zord

With tight defense budgets, as well as longer and costlier development cycles of new fighter platforms, upgrades to legacy airframes represent a logical, necessary or sometimes the only option for virtually all air arms around the world.

As the country continues to operations across the globe, JED looks at how the French Army, Navy and Air Force are modernizing EW programs to continue its missions. Technology Survey: Airborne 59 Dispensers and IR Expendables Ollie Holt

Flare and dispenser technologies continue to evolve. This year’s survey features nearly 30 dispensers and 34 IR decoy and flare products from more than 15 companies. 2011 AOC Election Guide 71 Your guide to the candidates and voting procedures for July’s AOC Board of Directors’ election.

Departments 6 8 10 12 68 79 81 82

The View From Here Conferences Calendar Courses Calendar From the President EW 101 AOC hip Page Index of rs JED Quick Look Cover photo: Nigel Blake

WHY NOT THE RSS8000 GROUP?

RSS8000 Radar Threat Simulator Features: • UK Designed and Manufactured – no ITAR parts • Legacy Simulator Emitter Data Base Conversion • Modular, scalable and upgradable architecture • Unsured field • 50 MHz to 40 GHz coverage • Amplitude, phase, DTOA and Spinning DF Options • Photonics enabled interfaces

24 COUNTRIES CAN’T BE WRONG! Herley - Micro Systems (US Customers) 17252 Armstrong Ave., Suite B, Irvine, CA 92614, USA Tel: +1-949-251-0690 Fax: +1-949-251-0813 [email protected] www.Herley-MSI.com

EW Simulation Technology Ltd. B9 Armstrong Mall, Southwood Business Park, Farnborough, Hants, GU14 0NR, UK Tel: +44 (0)1252 512951 Fax: +44 (0)1252 512428 www.ewst.co.uk

the view

f ro m h e re

NEW RULES FOR EW EXPORTS

T

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

6

he defense market in general and the electronic warfare (EW) market in particular have undergone a decade of (sometimes intense) spending growth, mostly due to years of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and a desire by some nations to boost defense spending as a percentage of GDP. The most obvious example of this trend is the US, whose defense budget has doubled in that time. But many other nations, particularly in Europe, have followed a similar pattern until recently. This growth is already starting to slow down in the US and Europe and, in some countries, it is reversing itself. As was the case in the 1990s, when domestic defense spending shrinks or stagnates, industry will place more emphasis on export opportunities. For many EW manufacturers, success in the international market can be extremely important when domestic spending becomes constrained. At the same time, however, the EW needs of the international market are becoming more complex. Countries such as Brazil and India are conducting significant fighter aircraft competitions. They do not simply want to buy EW for their new fighters; they eventually want to build advanced EW systems themselves as part of a strategic goal to develop greater self-reliance. So it’s no surprise that these countries are insisting on government-to-government technology transfer deals and foreign industry investment in their tech sectors as part of their fighter selection process. French and Israeli EW companies have been developing partnerships with these countries for more than a decade, and this early work has been a significant advantage for them. The US, UK and Italy, on the other hand, have been focusing heavily on the Gulf States (among others in the Middle East), which are seeking greater self-reliance in of EW reprogramming, as well as some component manufacturing. As EW s, many of the Gulf States are also aggressively developing a professional corps of EW operators within their military organizations. This seems to be a strategic initiative throughout the region. Meeting the needs of such a diverse customer base means enabling exporting governments to understand the EW market as well. In the Indian fighter competition, the two US bids were eliminated last month (along with the Swedish and Russian proposals). US companies offered competitive aircraft and competitive EW systems to the Indian Air Force, but the US government reportedly did not offer a very attractive EW technology transfer scheme for either bid. In Brazil, the ongoing three-way competition between Sweden, and the US looks like it may follow a similar pattern. These countries want to be more than EW buyers. Their ambitions are sophisticated and their needs are more complex than a simpler supplier-buyer relationship. In their own way, the Gulf States want the same sort of EW partnerships. The question for EW exporters is, “which companies and governments understand these evolving expectations of EW buyers and which do not?” The answer will likely determine the shape of the EW market over the coming decades. – John Knowles

JUNE 2011 • Vol. 34, No. 6

EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: John Knowles Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson Senior Editor: Glenn Goodman Assistant Editor: Jon Pasierb Technical Editor: Ollie Holt Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz, Martin Streetly, Tom Withington, Gábor Zord Marketing & Research Coordinator: Allie Hansen Sales istration: Esther Biggs

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Tom Arseneault President, Electronic Solutions, BAE Systems Mr. Roy Azevedo Vice President, Advanced Concepts and Technology, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems Mr. Chris Bernhardt President, ITT Electronic Systems Maj Gen Bruno Berthet Deputy Director for International Development, DGA, French MOD Lt Col Dean Ebert Warfighter Integration, Aviation Weapons Requirements Branch, HQ USMC Mr. Gabriele Gambarara Elettronica S.p.A. Mr. Tony Grieco Former Deputy for Electronic Warfare, OSD Mr. Itzchak Gat CEO, Elisra CAPT John Green Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Ron Hahn VP, EM Spectrum Strategies, URS Corp. Mr. Micael Johansson Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence Systems, Saab Mr. Anthony Lisuzzo Director, Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate, CERDEC, USA CAPT Paul Overstreet Commander, ATAPS Program Office (PMA-272), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Jeffrey Palombo Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division, Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp. Rep. Joe Pitts (Honorary Member) US Congress, Founding Member, EW Working Group Mr. Kerry Rowe President and COO, Argon ST Wg Cdr P.J. Wallace Military Strategic Planning 2, International Policy and Planning, UK MOD Mr. Richard Wittstruck Chief Engineer, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USA Mr. Walter Wolf Chairman, JED Committee, AOC

PRODUCTION STAFF Layout & Design: Barry Senyk Advertising Art: Carrie Marsh the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected]. The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by

Naylor, LLC 5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525 www.naylor.com ©2011 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher. Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position.

PUBLISHED JUNE 2011/JED-M0611/5295

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c ale ndar

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JUNE International Microwave Symposium June 5-10 Baltimore, MD http://ims2011.org Advanced High-Power Lasers Conference June 6-10 Santa Fe, NM www.deps.org

&

trade s h ows AUGUST

Paris Air Show June 20-26 Paris-Le Bourget, www.paris-air-show.com

Directed Energy T&E Conference August 2-4 Albuquerque, NM www.deps.org

JULY

Intelligent EW Operations Conference August 10-11 Manassas, VA www.crows.org

2nd RF EW Conference July 5 Shrivenham, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk

TADTE 2011 August 11-14 Taipei, Taiwan www.tadte.com.tw

AOC Whidbey Roost EW Symposium June 13-17 NAS Whidbey Island, WA www.whidbeyroost.org

Unmanned Systems North America 2011 August 16-19 Washington, DC www.auvsi.org MAKS 2011 August 16-21 Zhukovsky, Russia www.airshow.ru InfowarCon Europe 2011 August 29-September 1 NATO School, Oberammergau, www.crows.org

SEPTEMBER InfowarCon Cyber Confernece September 13-15 Linthicum Heights, MD www.crows.org

8 The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

DSEi 2011 September 13-16 London, UK www.dsei.co.uk AFA Air and Space Conference September 19-21 Washington, DC www.afa.org Modern Day Marine September 27-29 Quantico, VA www.marinemilitaryexpos.com

OCTOBER AUSA Annual Meeting October 10-12 Washington, DC www.ausa.org

NOVEMBER 48th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention November 13-16 Washington, DC www.crows.org Dubai Airshow November 13-17 Dubai, UAE http://dubaiairshow.aero

a

AOC events noted in red. For more information, visit www.crows.org.

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JUNE An Introduction to Command and Control Concepts, Systems, and Test & Evaluation June 14-16 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

JULY

&

s e m i n a r s AUGUST

DIRCM: Technology, Modeling and Testing July 12-14 Huntsville, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Introduction to Information Operations August 2-5 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts July 26-28 Denver, CO www.pe.gatech.edu

Fundamental Principles of EW July 11-15 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles Course August 4-5 Aero Institute, Palmdale, CA www.crows.org Intelligence for Spectrum Operations August 8-9 Manassas, VA www.crows.org Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) August 8-12 Aero Institute, Palmdale, CA www.crows.org EO/IR Fundamentals for EW Engineers and Managers August 15-19 Aero Institute, Palmdale, CA www.crows.org Electronic Combat Flight Testing August 16-19 Las Vegas, NV www.pe.gatech.edu IR/Visible Signature Suppression August 16-19 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

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SEPTEMBER Digital RF Memory Technology September 20-22 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts September 20-22 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Advanced RF EW Principles September 26-30 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

OCTOBER Principles of Radar Electronic Protection October 11-14 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

NOVEMBER IR Countermeasures November 29-December 2 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu a

AOC courses are noted in red. For more info or to , visit www.crows.org.

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ARCHITECTURE FOR NOW AND THE FUTURE

A2PATS — INDUSTRY’S FIRST DIRECT PORT ELECTRONIC WARFARE SIMULATOR AAI’s Advanced Architecture Phase, Amplitude and Time Simulator (A2PATS) is the only electronic warfare (EW) simulator available with direct-port radio frequency (RF) injection. Critical for advanced EW receivers, direct injection provides the highest possible signal fidelity at the lowest cost because it eliminates complex, performance-limiting RF distribution networks required for multiplexed simulators. The A2PATS incorporates identical, high-performance phase-coherent Synthetic Stimulus Instruments behind every port for unparalleled plug-and-play installation, testing availability and maintenance. Active, real-time background alignment provides accurate, repeatable testing results. Coupled with a simplified interface, the A2PATS reduces training and programming time, as well as minimizes potential operator error. AAI has leveraged its expertise as a world leader in EW simulation to deliver the A2PATS architecture, designed to meet advanced digital EW receiver needs of today and far into the future with a wide range of port, signal and density configurations. To learn more, e-mail [email protected] or call 800-655-2616. aaicorp.com © 2010 AAI Corporation. All rights reserved. AAI is an operating unit of Textron Systems, a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company. AAI and design is a ed trademark of AAI Corporation. F-35 photo courtesy U.S. Air Force.

message

f ro m the p re s i d e nt

EW CO-OPETITION FOR INFO OPS

E  The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

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lectronic Warfare professionals work with pretty high-tech stuff, but more and more, technology advancement is paced not by government military electronics procurement but rather by greater and more intense commercial electronics sales. For example, the 2011 global retail electronics sales will exceed the total 2011 US DOD budget and is forecasted to be $964 billion, with the greatest growth in Western Europe followed by the United States and China. Forty-eight percent of those sales will be wireless portable devices. While there are some near monopolies in the commercial electronics market space such as Apple, Nintendo, Verizon, AT&T and Vodaphone, among others, the robust and upward global electronics sales trend is indicative that even in competition for sales there is cooperation. Wireless portable devices produced by Apple and Nintendo depend on availability of 3G and 4G networks operated by Verizon, AT&T and Vodaphone, and the networks’ growth in sales depends on consumer’s insatiable appetite for ever increasing mobile technology. This type of cooperative-competition, dubbed “co-opetition,” allows these companies to capture value not from each other, but to realize even greater value with each other. Practiced for nearly 100 years in the commercial sector, co-opetition is fueling the acceleration of electronics technology and yielding explosive sales growth. Co-opetition is real, it works, and it’s time for the EW community to better leverage this business practice to meet the challenges of 21st century military operations. EW needs to “coopetate” with all of information operations’ (IO’s) other core capabilities to converge on the battlefield. To do that, IO’s competencies must complement each other with unique competency-based strategies and be free to innovate rather than consolidate, collapse and be constrained within a sole organization. Game theory underpins co-opetition as a method for IO to focus on the right competency-based strategies and make the right decisions to change the proverbial game. Co-opetition changes the game by changing one of more of the parts of the game – Players, Added Value, Rules, Tactics and/or Scope, known as PARTS. In January, US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates issued a memorandum on Strategic Communications and Information Operations in the DOD that, in essence, initiates coopetition among core IO capabilities. His memo redefined roles and responsibilities of IO players with the direction to the CJCS to reorganize t force IO development and management and, among other role assignments, USSTRATCOM capability proponency for EW and CNO. He adjusted the rules, tactics and scope with a new definition of IO to emphasize its integrating nature. This memo sets forth the needed change to the existing notion that core IO capabilities must be overseen by one entity. Specifically: “Capability integration does not necessitate ownership.” Co-opetition or integration among IO core capabilities will provide the best cost-effective solution to provide maximum IO effects value to the warfighter. EW professionals have a rich history of unleashing innovation and exhibiting an entrepreneurial spirit. It’s time for EW to integrate and co-opetate in information operations. – Walter Wolf

Association of Old Crows 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314-1652 Phone: (703) 549-1600 Fax: (703) 549-2589 PRESIDENT Walter Wolf VICE PRESIDENT Laurie Buckhout SECRETARY Jesse “Judge” Bourque TREASURER David Hime AT LARGE DIRECTORS Michael “Mick” Riley William “Buck” Clemons Steven Umbaugh Cliff Moody Linda Palmer Paul Westcott Robert Elder David Hime Tony Lisuzzo REGIONAL DIRECTORS Southern: Wes Heidenreich Central: Judith Westerheide Northeastern: Nino Amoroso Mountain-Western: Jesse “Judge” Bourque Mid-Atlantic: Bill Tanner Pacific: Joe “JJ” Johnson International I: Robert Andrews International II: Gerry Whitford APPOINTED DIRECTORS Robert Giesler Jim Lovelace Donato D’Angelantonio Thomas Metz IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Chris Glaze AOC STAFF Don Richetti Executive Director [email protected]

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t he USAF UAV-BORNE COMMS JAMMER MOVING FORWARD The US Air Force’s Aeronautical Systems Center (ASC) at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, was preparing to award up to four 18-month Technology Development risk-reduction contracts by the end of July for the service’s planned Communications Electronic Attack (EA) Pod program, newly dubbed DEACON (Disruptive EA of Communication Networks). The external jamming pod is slated to be mounted on Air Force MQ-9 Reaper (Predator B) Block 5 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) built by General Atomics. The EA pod is intended to provide the Air Force an advanced airborne communications jamming capability for irregular warfare scenarios, such as those experienced by US forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. The pod would disrupt communication networks used by insurgents and prevent the detonation of radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The Air Force’s workhorse EC-130H Com Call stand-off communications-jamming aircraft has logged countless flight hours in recent years carrying out such missions in of Army and Marine ground forces instead of its primary purpose of jamming integrated air defense system (IADS) command-and-control networks to disrupt enemy coordination. BAE Systems, ITT, Raytheon and Boeing’s Argon ST received small Technology Maturity study contracts last November that were a precursor to the forthcoming Technology Development (TD) contracts. The goal of the TD phase will be to mature critical EA pod technologies to a Technology Readiness Level of 6-plus in a flyable form factor by the middle of 2012, with flight demonstrations by late 2012. This would allow the EA pod program to transition directly into an

monitor news Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase in 2013. The 18-month TD contracts will encom three phases: prototype concept design (basic contract-Objective A); an option for ground/laboratory demonstrations (Objective B); and a subsequent option for flight demonstrations (Objective C). The initial contracts will be worth up to $1.75 million each. ASC plans to select up to three of the four Objective A contractors to receive the Objective B option and up to three of those to receive the Objective C option, with the combined value of the two options to each company not to exceed $7 million. Each contractor will provide an initial integrated assessment of cost, schedule and technical program risks associated with the concept design and a mitigation strategy for each risk. Specific technology areas to be addressed include receivers, antenna arrays, radomes, beam formers, exciters, power amplifiers and data links, as well as related considerations such as prime power, volume, weight, cooling and packaging. Under Objective B, the contractors will provide ground demonstrations of the risk miti-

gation for all medium/high-risk or critical components and subsystems. Each Objective C contractor will demonstrate a flight-worthy prototype EA pod system that uses components representative of a follow-on EMD configuration. The Broad Agency Announcement solicitation number is ASC-XRBAA-08-01-02. The contracting point of at ASC is Frederick Rueth, (937) 255-7995, e-mail frederick.rueth@ wpafb.af.mil. – G. Goodman

UPGRADED HARM AIMS FOR FULL PRODUCTION The US Navy’s AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM) program was expected to begin Operational Evaluation (OPEVAL) flight testing following an extensive Pentagon

US ARMY READY TO DEVELOP UAV SIGINT PAYLOAD The US Army’s Program Manager for Aerial Common Sensors (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD) planned to release the request for proposals (RFP) on May 23 for Engineering and Manufacturing Development of a Tactical Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Payload (TSP) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Responses were due on June 23. The Army anticipates selecting a single TSP contractor in late September. The leading industry contenders are expected to be BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) and Northrop Grumman ESL (Sacramento, CA). TSP will be a pod-mounted system to be initially integrated and tested on an RC-12D Guardrail aircraft and then fielded on the Army’s new MQ-1C Gray Eagle UAV, an enlarged Predator derivative built by General Atomics. The Solicitation Number is W15P7T-11-R-S801; the point of is Brian Bosmans, (443) 8614743, e-mail [email protected]. – G. Goodman

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recertification review that was slated to occur in late May-early June. Successful completion of the operational testing will lead to approval of delayed full-rate production. AARGM is an upgraded derivative of Raytheon’s supersonic AGM88 High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM), the primary air-to-surface

stand-off weapon used for lethal suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) missions by US Navy and Air Force tactical aircraft since 1984. AARGM entered low-rate initial production by ATK (Woodland Hills, CA) in January 2009 but ran into problems in Initial Operational Test & Evaluation

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flights begun in the spring of 2010 due to intermittent software and circuit card failures. The Navy halted the testing on September 3. ATK corrected the problems, as verified in Integrated Test & Evaluation flights since February. The Navy’s program office for Direct & TimeSensitive Strike Weapons (PMA-242) at NAS Patuxent River, MD, told JED in a written response, “Based on weapon performance in integrated test, we are confident we will successfully complete OPEVAL.” AARGM retains HARM’s warhead, wings, fins and rocket motors, but upgrades the missile’s control section with a GPS/inertial navigation system and completely replaces its front-end seeker section. The new multi-mode seeker section features a more sensitive antiradiation homing seeker with a digital receiver and an active millimeter-wave (MMW) radar seeker. The latter is used for terminal guidance when a targeted air defense radar shuts down after the supersonic AARGM is launched and homes in on its RF emissions. The GPS/ INS allows the missile to attack a nonemitting time-sensitive target if its coordinates are known. The MMW radar seeker can actively search to find a nonemitting target whose exact location is not known or when the target is mobile and likely to provide a known location. Slated to carry AARGM are US Navy and Marine Corps F/A-18C/D Hornets, US Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornets and EA-

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18G Growlers, and the Italian Air Force’s Tornado ECR aircraft. AARGM is a cooperative development and production program with Italy. The US Navy alone may convert about 1,750 of its more than 5,000 HARMs to AARGMs. The US Air Force launches HARMs from single-seat F-16CJ Block 50 aircraft fitted with the HARM Targeting System external pod built by Raytheon. The Air Force does not plan to convert any of its HARMs to AARGMs. Instead it is competing development of a less extensive, lower-cost upgrade called the “HARM Control Section Modification,” which only adds the GPS guidance capability to the missile’s mid-body control section and upgrades its existing INS. The Air Force awarded both Raytheon and ATK 18-month limited production contracts last December. Following a performance verification fly-off, the service plans to award a single full-rate production contract encoming about 500 modified HARM control sections. HARM is in service with the air forces of several European, Middle Eastern and Asian countries, includ-

ing , which would be potential customers for the US Navy or US Air Force HARM upgrades, along with F/A18 s. – G. Goodman

EMPIRE CHALLENGE TO SHOWCASE FIREBIRD US t Forces Command’s May 3-June 23 “Empire Challenge 2011” intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) demonstration was set to showcase Northrop Grumman’s new Firebird “optionally manned” air vehicle. Firebird can accommodate and operate four discrete sensor payloads simultaneously. The US Army has sponsored the vehicle’s participation in Empire Challenge and will operate it from Fort Huachuca, AZ, during the exercise. Key capability demonstrations were to include simultaneous use of the four payloads (billed as signals intelligence (SIGINT)/direction-finding, electrooptic/infrared (EO/IR) imaging, radar surveillance and communications relay), sensor swap-out and re-launch within 60 minutes, and simultaneous

sensor control by operators in three separate locations. First flown in February 2010, Firebird has been designed, built and tested by Northrop subsidiary Scaled Composites (as their Model 355) and takes the form of an all-composite monoplane powered by a Textron Lycoming TEO540 piston engine. The air vehicle’s aerodynamics have been crafted to optimize mission endurance, data collection, climb and dash speed. Physical specifications include an operating speed of approximately 370 km/hour; a wingspan, length and height of 19.81, 10.36 and 2.96 meters, respectively; an endurance of 24 to 40 hours (depending on the air vehicle’s configuration); a gross take-off weight of 2,268 kg; and the ability to reach an altitude of 30,000 ft. Conversion of the air vehicle from a manned to an unmanned configuration involves plating over the platform’s cockpit glazing, removing the pilot’s seat and installing control electronics in its place. In of payload options, JED understands that Firebird’s baseline sen-

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sors comprise two full-motion video (FMV) cameras from FLIR Systems, a Northrop Grumman SIGINT package

(probably derived from the company’s scalable Airborne Signals Intelligence Payload architecture) and Northrop’s

AFRL SEEKS ADVANCES TO ENGAGE AGILE EMITTERS The Air Force Research Lab’s Sensors Directorate at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (AFRL/RYWE) announced that it anticipated seeking industry research proposals in June in the area of Integrated Digital Apertures, Receivers and Exciters (I-DARE). It will be Amendment 19 to AFRL’s Sensor Technology Research, Development, Test & Evaluation Open-Ended Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) II (STROEB II). AFRL plans to award a single $24 million indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity contract. The objective of the I-DARE effort will be “to design, develop and test innovations involving apertures, receives, exciters, signal processing and algorithms for signals intelligence, threat warning, direction finding, information operations, electronic attack (EA), electronic (ES) and electronic protection (EP) applications. Extensive modeling, simulation, testing and integration of hardware and software will be required to develop electronic warfare architectures capable of assessing and engaging advanced agile emitters. Concepts will be evaluated in a multitude of ways to measure the effectiveness of advanced EW techniques which include network-enabled ES/EA/EP tactics.” The BAA number is STROEB II BAA 09-01-PKS Amendment 19. The technical point of at AFRL/RYWE is Gary Kaufman, (937) 528-8253, e-mail Gary. [email protected] – JED Staff

Ku-band (12.5 to 18 GHz) AN/ZPY-1 STARLite ground moving target indicator/synthetic aperture radar. On the EO front, photographs have shown the Firebird prototype to have been variously equipped with FLIR Systems’ Star SAFIRE 380-HD EO imager and what appears to have been Raytheon’s AN/DAS-1 target detection, ranging and tracking sensor. Firebird has also been photographed carrying a radar other than the AN/ZPY-1 on its centerline. Aside from Empire Challenge, Firebird was demonstrated to DOD officials with a three-sensor fit (FMV, radar and EO/IR imaging) in October 2010 and flew with two FMV cameras (as a precursor to a four-sensor wide-area surveillance suite) the following December. – M. Streetly

ONR COUNTERING REVERSE ENGINEERING The Office of Naval Research (ONR) released a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA 11-020) seeking industry research proposals in the area of “Protection of Electronics Systems.” White papers were

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due May 31 and full proposals by September 28. The overall goal is to “develop innovative techniques and technologies to deter the reverse engineering and exploitation of our military’s critical technology in order to impede technology transfer and alteration of system capability and prevent the development of countermeasures to US systems.” ONR seeks proposals that will “result in robust, long-lived, layered technologies capable of lengthy operation in unattended and un-powered environments. The proposed technologies shall have a very high probability of tamper detection, a very low probability of false alarm, be undetectable in the host system, and provide no indication when a tamper event has been detected.” Each proposal is to focus on one of the following four research areas: • New Approaches to Memory Erasure – Technologies for completely and irreversibly erasing data stored in nonvolatile memory without producing damage beyond the active portion of the memory device.

• Performance Enhancements of HighDensity 3D Packages – Technologies for improving the performance of such electronics packaging, including enhanced cooling, minimized electromagnetic interference between internal components and minimized external electromagnetic emissions. • Packaging for Secure Processing – Technologies for high-density 3D electronics packaging that can integrate into a single package the multiple commercial-off-the-shelf and custom devices necessary for a complete secure processing. The combination of the high-density packaging and anti-tamper measures shall protect against open-source reverse engineering techniques. • Reliable Physical Unclonable Functions – Techniques for implementing reliable intrinsic PUFs in field-programmable gate arrays and then using the PUFs to provide FPGA authentication and generate volatile keys for Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) encryption/decryption.

ONR anticipates a budget of up to $3 million per year and plans to award multiple one-to-three-year technology development contracts valued at $500,000 to $1 million each. The estimated start date for the projects is April 2012. The technical point of at ONR is Betsy DeLong, e-mail [email protected] – JED Staff

IN BRIEF Sierra Nevada Corp. (Sparks, NV) was awarded a $38.6 million contract modification from US Naval Sea Systems Command to procure an additional 360 Dismounted t Counter RadioControlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare (JCREW) 3.1 jammers.

✪ ✪ ✪ SRCTec, Inc. (Syracuse, NY) was awarded a $78 million US Army contract modification to increase its ordering ceiling for Duke V3 CREW jammers to $278 million. Estimated completion date is Aug. 24, 2014.

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✪ ✪ ✪ The US Air Force Research LabRome (NY) Research Site released a pre-solicitation notice for a Broad Agency Announcement in the area of “Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Collection, Processing and Exploitation.” The goal is automation of those capabilities. White papers are sought; those found to be consistent with the intent of the BAA may be invited to submit a technical and a cost proposal. Total

BAA funding available is $29.4 million over the period FY2011-FY2014. The Solicitation Number is BAA-RIK-11-04. The contracting point of is Lynn G. White, (315) 330-4996, e-mail [email protected].

✪ ✪ ✪ Communications and Power Industries (Palo Alto, CA) was awarded a $7.9 million five-year indefinite deliveryindefinite quantity contract from the Naval Surface Warfare Center (Crane,

IN) to provide traveling-wave-tube high-power amplifiers for the shiplaunched Nulka active anti-ship missile RF decoy rocket in use with the US, Australian and Canadian navies and produced by Lockheed Martin and BAE Systems-Australia.

✪ ✪ ✪ Envisioneering, Inc. (Alexandria, VA) won a $3.2 million US Naval Research Lab (Washington, DC) contract for “R&D for Offboard Electronic Warfare” encoming anti-ship cruise missile countermeasures technology projects. Total contract value with options is $13.3 million.

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ITT Electronics (Clifton, NJ) was awarded a sole-source contract from US Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) for Full-Rate Production Lots 9-13 of the Integrated Defensive Electronic Countermeasures (IDECM) ALQ-214 (V)4 Radio Frequency Countermeasures (RFCM) system. The contract consists of a base year with four options totaling an anticipated 235 systems.

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✪ ✪ ✪ Alliant Techsystems Inc. (Clearwater, FL) was awarded a sole-source contract from NAVAIR for AAR-47 Missile Warning System components, retrofits and repairs to meet FY20122013 requirements.

✪ ✪ ✪ Northrop Grumman Intelligence Systems (Chantilly, VA), is being awarded a $9.7 million contract modification from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to extend the Airborne Signals Intelligence Payload (ASIP) baseline contract to the ASIP post-initial operational test and evaluation flight testing on the Global Hawk UAV. a

washing t on repor t HASC MAKES NO CUTS IN FY12 DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION BILL MARKUP

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The House Armed Services Committee (HASC) completed its markup of the Fiscal Year 2012 Defense Authorization Bill on May 12. In a rare occurrence, particularly in a congressional climate favoring drastic cuts in federal government spending, the HASC essentially rubber-stamped the Obama istration’s FY2012 defense budget request. The Committee’s chairman, Buck McKeon (R-CA), held the line against any hasty cuts to military spending. The ’s funding authorizations matched the DOD’s budget line requests – dollar for dollar – except in a mere handful of cases. In fact, the HASC report recommended fully funding every electronic warfare (EW) and signals intelligence (SIGINT) procurement or research and development spending request from the military services or DOD agencies for FY2012, with one exception, and in that case the program had been delayed by contract award protests. The Senate Armed Services Committee’s markup of the bill is slated to occur this month and is almost certain to produce greater spending cut recommendations than the House version. The differences between the two bills will have to be resolved by a House-Senate conference committee and then approved by both the full House and Senate before being signed into law by President Obama. The FY2012 Defense Appropriations Bill, to be marked up by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees in the weeks, will approve the actual dollars allocated to each DOD funding line request. The House Appropriations Committee announced on May 11 that it tentatively planned to shave $8.9 billion from the DOD’s $553 billion FY2012 base budget request. (The authorization bills produced by the Armed Services committees only make funding recommendations to their Appropriations brethren; the main purposes today of the authorization bills tend to be providing congressional defense guidance and directing the DOD to make changes in its policies or to submit reports on specific areas.) DOD EW and SIGINT-related FY2012 base budget funding line requests fully approved by the HASC included the following:

Army Procurement: • $27.6 million for RC-12X Guardrail SIGINT aircraft refurbishment and upgrades (the final seven of 14 planned RC-12Xs).

• • • •

$72 million for 23 additional Prophet Ground SIGINT Vehicles. $162.8 million for Common Missile Warning Systems (CMWS). $36 million for Aircraft Survivability Equipment. $24.1 million for Counter Radio-Controlled IED EW (CREW) jammers. • $220.6 million for t IED Defeat Organization Staff and Infrastructure; $2.6 billion is requested for JIEDDO (Attack the Network, Defeat the Device and Train the Force) under separate FY2012 war funding. Due to program delays resulting from an Army decision to reevaluate industry bids following protests of a contract award to Boeing, the HASC authorized only $121.7 million of the service’s $539.6 million FY2012 procurement request for its Enhanced Medium-Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System (EMARSS), a new SIGINT aircraft to be based on the Hawker Beechcraft King Air 350ER twin-engine turboprop. The $539.67 million request would have procured aircraft four through 21, with deliveries beginning in November 2013.

Navy Procurement: • $1.1 billion for another 12 new EA-18G Growler jamming aircraft to replace EA-6B Prowlers; the Navy will procure the final 12 of 114 Growlers in FY2013. • $83.2 million for EP-3E SIGINT aircraft modifications. • $92.1 million for Common Electronic Countermeasures Equipment. • $34.1 for Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) systems. • $73.1 for High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM) modifications. • $43.1 million for SLQ-32 shipboard EW improvements. • $103.7 million for Shipboard Information Warfare Exploitation.

Air Force Procurement: • $256.6 million for EC-130H Com Call communicationsjamming aircraft modifications. • $162.2 million for RC-135 Rivet t SIGINT aircraft modifications. • $25.6 million for HARM modifications. The HASC report affirmed that the Secretary of Defense has the authority to conduct military activities in cyberspace, including clandestine activities in of military operations, outside the US or to defend against a cyber attack on an asset of the Department of Defense. – G. Goodman a

world repor t INDIA ADVANCES FIGHTER JET COMPETITION, PLANS MIRAGE UPGRADE

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In late April, India selected Europe’s Eurofighter and Dassault’s Rafale as the finalists for its new Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) competition. Despite heavy lobbying by political heavyweights, the move effectively eliminated the United States, in the running with Lockheed Martin’s F-16 and Boeing’s F/A-18 Super Hornet; Russia, with Rosoboronexport’s MiG-35; and Sweden, with Saab’s next-generation Gripen. The estimated $11 billion to build 126 new fighter aircraft for India will end up somewhere in Europe, either with , home of the Rafale, or with the four nations that make up the Eurofighter consortium – , Spain, Britain (BAE Systems) and Italy (Finmeccanica). India is buying the new fighters to replace its aging fleet of Russian MiG21s, many of which date back to the 1960s. A key component of the competition has been India’s significant offset requirements, which stipulate that 50 percent of the full value be reinvested into Indian industry, realized through the contract, which calls for purchase of 18 completed combat aircraft by 2012, with the remaining 108 to be constructed in country. And, now that it has its finalists, India might be looking to advance the schedule. According to published reports, Pakistan is attempting to expedite delivery of its new JF-17 Thunder aircraft, the multirole fighter co-developed with China. In response, India may attempt to advance its timeline for selection to occur by March 2012. Perhaps as a result of growing threats from China and Pakistan, India has been in a defense acquisition mode of late, also getting ready to ink a long-delayed deal with Dassault to upgrade its 52 Mirage 2000 aircraft. The contract, said to be worth $2.4 billion, has sat for around three years as India worked to come to with Dassault and its partners,

Thales (as the weapons integrator) and MBDA (as the missile supplier), for an affordable price. And while $2.4 billion might not seem affordable, the argument from the Indian Air Force has been that it needs a combination of new purchases and retrofits to maintain its diminishing edge over its Pakistani neighbors. The assumption is that the Mirage 2000s, which are already 20 years old, should, with upgraded radars, avionics, glass cockpits, targeting systems and electronic warfare (EW) suites, offer the country high-level fighter capabilities for two more decades. Though the agreement isn’t signed, published reports from the region indicate that it has tacit government approval and that a deal over the price might have been a tipping point in favor of Dassault in the MMRCA competition. The contract would upgrade the first four to six aircraft in , with the remainder to be retrofitted

in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) with technology transfer from the French companies. The country is currently completing some additional business, including a planned induction of 272 Sukhoi-30MKIs bought from Russia for around $12 billion, along with Russia’s ongoing upgrade of 63 MiG-29s, under a 2008 contract for $964 million. And though reports indicated that the first modernized MiG-29s could be delivered this year, there have apparently been issues with parts as the country issued global market solicitations for spares in late April. But India’s fighter jet defense spending spree won’t end there, as reports also indicated that the country is planning, from 2020 forward, to buy a new fifth-generation stealth fighter, which it is currently co-developing with Russia. The planned 250-300 aircraft would encom the country’s largest ever defense project, with a price tag of nearly $35 billion. – E. Richardson

IN BRIEF ❍ BAE Systems (Warton, Lancashire, UK) was awarded contracts totaling £39 million by the UK’s Ministry of Defence (MOD) to provide services for maintenance of the Eurofighter Typhoon. The contracts also covers development work to enhance the Royal Air Force’s capability to process intelligence data about operational threats and then them to the Typhoon’s EW systems prior to a mission. ❍ Saab Avitronics received an order for its Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System (CAMPS) from Mexican charter airline FlyMex, which flies for the United Nations World Food Program in several countries, as well as operating helicopter, amphibious and jet air taxi operations over Mexico. The contract adds CAMPS, which detects man-portable air defense system (MANPADS) threats with a missile approach warning system and dispenses Chemring infrared decoys, to a third type of aircraft, the Dornier 328JET. It is already operational on Lockheed L-382 and Embraer 120 aircraft. ❍ Malaysia has requested, via US Foreign Military Sales channels, a Mid-Life its Boeing F/A-18D Hornet aircraft, including six AN/ASQ-228 Raytheon Advanced Targeting Forward-Looking Infrared (ATFLIR) pods, software development, system integration and testing, test sets and training in a contract estimated at $72 million. a

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When considering the state of current airborne signals intelligence (SIGINT), as good a starting point as any is context. When this writer was a bright-eyed neophyte in the late 1970s, airborne SIGINT was probably the blackest of the black arts. The inextricable link between SIGINT and the Cold War and its place in national intelligence gathering meant that it was not a subject for open discussion other than in the context of tabloid-style “spy plane” stories. Again, the target set was essentially formalized (with air defense networks being high on the list) and the levels of classification were such as to preclude wide dissemination. That this was beginning to be seen as a major stumbling block had been demonstrated by the conflict in Southeast Asia, where vital information had been withheld from the war fighters because of compartmentalization and who was and who was not in the loop. Just as important was the level of available technology, with a typical high-end SIGINT platform taking the form of a bespoke, hardwired system that was pr imar ily a nalog,

maintenance heavy and frequently manual in operation. Again, the hardware was big and heavy, while the target set was largely made-up of fixed frequency emitters that, in the radar context, relied on mechanical scanning. Techniques such as frequency agility, digitization and electronic scanning (both ive and active) were at best in their early stages of development and perhaps more importantly, the military targets being looked at were essentially conventional in of structure and implementation. Looking specifically at communications, conventional radio links predominated with satellite communications and (particularly) cellular telephone technology either just beginning to appear or still being but a gleam in a designer’s eye. Come up to date, and the SIGINT world has been turned upside down. On the operational side, the Cold War verities have been swept away to be replaced by both conventional and asymmetric threats, with the latter making use of non-conventional communications and command and control tools such as cell and satellite phones. Perhaps more importantly, the threat has in part moved off the bat-

tlefield and into towns and cities where a new generation of well educated and equipped activists are prepared to die for a cause and to use mass killing as a means to an end. In the fight against homeland terrorism, communications intercept has become both a vital tool and one that sometimes sits uncomfortably alongside the traditional civil liberties that the western world cherishes. On the technology front, advances in digitization, miniaturization, reliability (solid-state and the like) and processing have all come together to create much more flexible SIGINT architectures that facilitate plug and play, virtually on the fly updating and which increasingly feature data hand-off capabilities in realor close to real-time. Real-time data hand-off (combined with a more open approach to who sees what) is probably the real game changer and one that is absolutely vital in meeting today’s battlefield and homeland security needs. Elsewhere in the described mix, current satellite link and processing technology together with miniaturization and improved reliability have opened the door to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) SIGINT platforms

By Martin Streetly

FUTURE AIRBORNE SIGINT TRENDS If the foregoing is the context in which airborne SIGINT functions, what of its future? Rightly or wrongly, this writer believes that in the short to medium term, the sort of high-end manned SIGINT platforms such as “Rivet t” will continue to figure large due to their capabilities (particularly their ability to undertake onboard data pro-

cessing), their responsiveness and operational flexibility and, put simply, the prestige associated with being able to afford and operate such aircraft. Affordability is another key driver, with more and more countries wanting an airborne SIGINT capability and even big defense spenders like the US having to address an increasingly hostile budgetary environment. In a world where the defense budget trend is universally down, this writer sees a significant market for SIGINT systems that are an adjunct to another mission, that can be rolled on and off a non-dedicated platform or are

INTERNATIONAL SIGINT AIRCRAFT In addition to programs in the US and UK, airborne SIGINT capabilities are known to be operated by the following countries: Australia: putative C-130 and Orion COMINT platforms Brazil: R-35AM program Chile: 2 × Petrel Beta (status uncertain) Ch China: an unknown number of Y-8- and Tu-154-based platforms Ch h Egypt: 2 × Beech 1900C-1 and 2 × EC-130 Eg g Finland: 1 × Fokker F27 (being replaced by a modified C-295M) Fi i : 2 × C.160G Gabriel Fr r India: 1 × Boeing 707 (to be replaced) In n Iran: possibly 1 × IBEX C-130 Ir r Israel: 3 × Gulfstream GV Shavit and 7 × RC-12D/K Is s Italy: 1 × G222VS It t Japan: 5 × EP-3 and 4 × YS-11EB Ja a South Korea: 4 × Hawker 800SIG (to be replaced) So o Poland: 2 × Procjon W-3 helicopters P Russia: an unknown number of Il-20Ms R Arabia: 2 × RE-3A/B SSaudi a Singapore: 1 × C-130 and (possibly) 1 × Fokker 50 Si i Spain: 1 × Boeing 707 Sp p Sweden: 2 × S 102 B Korpen Sw w Taiwan: 1 ×C-130HE Ta a Thailand: 2 × Arava 201s (status uncertain). Th h

combined with other sensors, such as electro-optical (EO) imagers, to create architectures that are capable of crosscueing and/or undertaking a range of missions previously carried out by multiple platforms with discrete roles. This ability to multi-task can also be seen in the UAS world, where fixed-wing, rotary and lighter-than-air systems are emerging that are capable of carrying surveillance radars, SIGINT receivers and EO sensors, with the payloads being operated via datalink and/or satellite and making use of ground-based data processing. While such an approach works, its downside is the bandwidth needed to down-link acquired data and up-link commands. Here, one solution (which also addresses persistence) may be highaltitude, optionally manned airships (such as the USAF’s proposed “Blue Devil” Block II) that are large enough to house both the necessary sensors and a processing suite capable of reducing their data output to more manageable levels. Multi-tasking is also likely to promote roll-on/roll-off capabilities where a standard air vehicle (say, a transport such as the C-130) can be converted to become a SIGINT platform when required before reverting back to its original role. An example of such an approach is the US Air National Guard’s C-130 “Senior Scout” platform that takes a minimally modified Hercules transport aircraft and equips it with an operator’s shelter in the cargo hold and antenna packages that are attached to its main undercarriage doors, paratroop doors, wingtips and tailcone, with the whole change out being executable within a minimum of 12 hours. Lockheed Martin (the “Senior Scout’s” original contractor) has gone

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that apart from anything else, make possible persistent surveillance that is moving towards operations measured in weeks or even months.

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on to capitalize on both this concept and modern open plug-and-play architectures to create its Dragon family of platform agnostic intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) solutions. Ranging in size from UAS pods to roll-on/roll-off systems for aircraft such as the C-130 and C-295 transports, Dragon sensor suites can include communications intelligence and electronic intelligence (COMINT/ELINT) systems, radars, EO imagers (including wide area surveillance equipments) and measure-

ment and signature intelligence (MASINT) sensors, with the number and types of sensors being mixed and matched to meet the specific requirement. Within the specific SIGINT field, Finland’s ongoing SIGINT C-295M “ferret” project is the first known Dragon series solution to have been sold.

EUROPE’S AIRBORNE SIGINT PROGRAMS Staying in the Nordic region, Sweden’s Saab has also developed a roll-on/

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“NEW” X & Ku Band SSPAs Herley General Microwave announces its new family of Solid State Power Amplifiers whose key features include: • Up to 400 Watts Output Power • Graceful Power Output Degradation • Up to 1000 MHz Bandwidth • Ultra Quiet Switching Power Supply • Low Standby Current, Fast On/Off Response • Built-in Test Capability This new family of SSPAs offer a high performance, costeffective alternative, to electron tube devices. Their robust design, high reliability and small size make them ideally suited to replace TWTs used in today’s demanding Airborne Radar, Missile and Communication Systems.

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roll-off SIGINT solution under the designation AIRTRACER FLEX. Suitable for aircraft such as the C-130, AIRTRACER FLEX makes use of a so-called crew container which is inserted into the host aircraft’s cargo bay and which houses six operators, each of whom sits at a workstation that features three display screens. Overall, the architecture provides integrated COMINT and ELINT, Electronic Measures (ESM) and self-protection capabilities, real-time onboard analysis, emitter geo-location and a dedicated antenna array. Elsewhere, Saab offers the AIRTRACER as a customized solution aboard a customer’s choice of aircraft or as a complete package mounted in its own Saab 2000 regional airliner airframe. In the latter application, ELINT and ESM/radar threat warning are provided by Saab’s 0.7- to 40-GHz band HES-21 sub-system that features digital receiver technology and interferometric direction-finding capabilities. Staying in Europe, the French arm of the Thales conglomerate has also addressed multiple platform use via an autonomous podded ELINT system that can be carried by a C-130 transport during the course of its regular missions. Packaged in an external fuel tank envelope, the system covers the 0.5- to 18-GHz band (expandable to 0.1 to 40 GHz) and can identify, finger print and geolocate emitters and record their parametric data for post-mission analysis. As such, the architecture features digital receivers and interferometric direction-finding and requires no crew intervention and minimal interfacing with its host.

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That affordability (a relative term when applied to sensor systems in general) can successfully be combined with an effective operational multi-sensor system as illustrated by the rise of the MC-12W “Liberty” system. Born out of US Defense Secretary Robert Gates’ frustration with the lack of airborne ISR capability in Southwest Asia, the King Air-based MC-12W was brought in just about on time (use of pre-used airframes for the first seven aircraft required standardization that took longer than

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anticipated) and generally on budget. As such, it combines SIGINT and EO sensors (with the former cueing the latter) with a robust data hand-off capability. In more detail, the type’s EO facility is vested in the MX-15i full motion video (FMV) sensor while its SIGINT sub-system is reported to incorporate “G-Box,” “Wind Jammer” and “Pennant Race” capabilities. Of these, the CACI International “Pennant Race” equipment is described as being a “remotely controlled audio SIGINT system,” with the collection system as a whole being illustrated as making use of multiple blade antennas, the majority of which are housed in the aircraft’s ventral canoe fairing. In of communications, “Liberty” is equipped with multiple radios, the “PacWind” audio/FMV datalink and a Ku-band (12.5 to 18 GHz) satellite link, with the whole being ROVER 4 ground terminal compatible. Operationally, the MC-12W’s onboard cryptological and sensor operators (CO/SO), together with an associated ISR Exploitation Cell (ISREC), “find” targets, and the SO and the ISREC team “fix” them, with directed ground

forces “finishing” ish hing” them. While the MC-12W 122W may be th the he most visiblee of its genre, Israeli contractor Elta Systems has developed its EL/I-3120 ISR suite, which it describes as being suitable for installation aboard a range of airframes (including the King Air business aircraft) and as being configurable for the SIGINT, maritime patrol, search and rescue, homeland security and environmental protection roles. As applied to a medium-sized aircraft, EL/I-3120 can accommodate surveillance radar, a 3-MHz to 3-GHz band COMINT system, a 30-MHz to 3-GHz band direction-finder, an EO sensor, a line-of-sight datalink and a satellite communications sub-system, multiple operator positions, data/imagery recorders, high-resolution cameras and an optimized navigation system. Within a particular application, sensors/ capabilities can be mixed and matched and JED believes that a system application has been sold to the Colombian

Air Force for counter narcotics operations in that country.

“HIGH END” SIGINT PROGRAMS Despite their undoubted operational success, platforms such as Liberty have the Achilles Heel of only being suitable for use in benign environments. Tackling high threat regions requires a vastly different capability set, which includes large, high-end, stand-off systems such as the RC-135V/W Rivet t. Vastly expensive (and currently only operated by the US and procured by the UK if one excludes Saudi Arabia’s RE-3 clone), the COMINT/ELINT capable Rivet t traces its lineage back to the early 1970s and according to the latest known evaluation, is capable of meeting operational needs until circa 2040. Maintaining operational viability is achieved via regular Baseline updates, and as of

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February 2011, the USAF capability was to be based on Baselines 8, 9 and 10 through to US Fiscal Year (FY) 2015, with Baseline 11 starting to come on stream during FY2014. In more detail, Baseline 8 was to be sustained and remain in service until mid-FY2012, with fielding of Baseline 9 to be completed during FY2011. Design and development of the Baseline 10 configuration was scheduled to have been completed by mid FY2010, with delivery taking place between the spring of FY2012 and late FY2013/early FY2014 (with the last aircraft to be so upgraded being identified as 62-4131). Development of Baseline 11 is understood to have begun during FY2010, with re-delivery of the first aircraft in this configuration (6414848) scheduled for mid-FY2014. Although heavily classified, it is possible to get a sense of how the capability is evolving, with non-classified USAF documentation characterizing Baseline 8 as providing enhanced SIGINT data accuracy (including improved detection sensitivity), faster and more automated data dissemination, a more

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For its part, the Baseline 9 upgrade is reported to feature a further procesgrade, a new liquid cooling system and improved emergency egress, while Baseline 10 is billed as incorporating a more robust COMINT sub-system, the CORVUS precision ELINT upgrade, a theater networked geo-location capability, a service-oriented architecture (defined as a packaged suite of interoperable services that can be used with multiple discrete systems from multiple business domains), provision for

mid-baseline Wideband Global Satellite (WGS) communications and cockpit enhancements. Last, but not least, the proposed Baseline 11 configuration has been postulated as including precision, multi-angle COMINT direction-finding, an expanded ELINT data recording facility, Phase 3 weight reduction measures, further cockpit/navigation system upgrades and continued obsolescence management. Currently, the USAF operates a fleet of eight RC-135V and nine RC-135W airThe Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

37 friendly operator environment and improved system reliability. Housing a mission crew made up of three ELINT operators, four in-flight maintainers and 14 COMINT operators, Baseline 8 builds on the preceding Baseline 7 configuration which introduced T-slot racking, a Global Air Traffic Management/Global Air Navigation Systems (GATM/GANS) compatible cockpit, skin-mounted heat exchangers, the LN-120G stellar navigation system, a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) track management processor, COTS ELINT processing, an onboard fiber-channel data-distribution network, new operator workstations, a new common data and retrieval system, re-hosting of the aircraft’s Multiple Communications Emitter Location System (MUCELS) and the introduction of a COMINT background search system, a beam forming processor, a COTS database search processor, new Quick Reaction Capability (QRC) integration facilities, redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) technology and upgraded communications terminals.

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craft, with the UK’s Royal Air Force procuring three RC-135Ws with which to replace its existing Nimrod R Mk 1 platforms. Here, deliveries to the UK are scheduled to begin during 2014, with RAF aircrew and operators being integrated into USAF Rivet t crews in the interim. As might be expected, Rivet t’s latest operational outing has been in of Operation Odyssey Dawn/Unified Protector, with one aircraft being said to have operated from the UK together with another two

forward deployed to Naval Air Facility Souda Bay on Crete.

ENDURANCE SIGINT FOR HIGH-THREAT ENVIRONMENTS High threat environments can also be seen as a driver in the last of our identified trends, UASs. To those with knowledge of the technology, it will come as no surprise to discover that the US and Israel are at the forefront of applying SIGINT collection capabilities for use on unmanned aerial vehicles. Israeli

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contractors Elta Systems, Elisra Electronic Systems and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems have all produced COMINT and/or ELINT packages for UAS applications, with Elisra’s AES-210/V and SKYFIX, Elta’s EL/K-7071 and EL/L-8385 and Rafael’s TOP-SCAN equipments serving as illustrations of Israel’s endeavors in the field. In order, the AES-210/V (also known as Emerald) is an ELINT/ESM system that covers the 1- to 18-GHz band and makes use of differential Doppler and interferometric direction-finding techniques, while the 30- to 1,200-MHz band (extendable to 3,000 MHz) SKYFIX equipment can be configured as SKYFIX COMINT (capable of intercepting and recording traffic-of-interest), SKYFIX DF (as SKYFIX COMINT with the addition of direction-of-arrival direction-finding), SKYFIX Cellular (as its designation suggest, optimized for cellular phone interception) and SKYFIX Satellite (targeted at satellite phone transmitting voice, data and SMS messages). For its part, Elta’s EL/K-7071 is a COMINT/direction-finding package that is capable of interception, monitoring and analysis/classification of received signals (including parameter agile types). The company’s EL/L-8385 is a complementary ELINT/ESM system that combines onboard and ground-based processing to classify and geolocate detected radar emitters. Last but not least, Rafael’s TOPSCAN ELINT/ESM system covers the 0.5to 18-GHz band and provides automatic

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emitter detection, signal collection, parameter measurement, identification and localization. In of usage, Elisra reports sales of numerous COMINT/ELINT systems into the UAS marketplace (but declines to be specific about customers) while Rafael’s TOP-SCAN system is known to have been at least flight tested aboard the Searcher UAS. For its part, the antenna array associated with the EL/K-7071 system has been photographed installed aboard Heron UASs operated by Canada and the Indian Navy.

Within the USAF domain (and to an extent that of the US Army), the current big beast is Northrop Grumman’s scalable Airborne Signals Intelligence Payload (ASIP) architecture, applications of which have been developed for the RC12X Guardrail SIGINT aircraft, the U-2S high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft and the MQ-1 Predator (ASIP-1C), MQ-9 Reaper (ASIP-2C) and the RQ-4 Block 30 Global Hawk UASs. Overall, ASIP is software upgradable, makes maximum use of COTS components, has a cross-cueing ca-

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pability, is capable of operating in dense environments and employs algorithms that are optimized for evolving signal exploitation scenarios. Of the cited configurations, ASIP-1C is described as being a basic COMINT equipment with limited special signal collection and directionfinding capabilities. ASIP-2C is reported as adding a full direction-finding capability, simultaneous functionality and special signals growth to the ASIP-1C architecture. For its part, the Global Hawk application is a six-chassis architecture that provides both COMINT and ELINT direction-finding, emitter geo-location and telecommunications/”special signals” intercept capabilities. Elsewhere, an ASIP application also appears to figure as one of up to four payloads that Northrop Grumman’s optionally manned Firebird ISR platform is capable of carrying and operating simultaneously. While ASIP is significant, it is (of course) not the only game in town, with the US Navy opting for Sierra Nevada’s Merlin-MC ESM with which to equip its MQ-4C Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) UAS, while the US Army deliberates about what SIGINT provision to put on its latest generation UASs and EMARSS fixed-wing reconnaissance platforms. Equally, the US and Israel are not the only manufacturers in the field, with ’s Cassidian Electronics having developed its 30-kHz to 30-GHz band, COMINT/ELINT capable Integrated SIGINT System (ISIS) for use aboard ’s RQ-4E Euro Hawks® and countries as diverse as Pakistan (the charmingly named ECOM WisperWatch) and South Africa (Saab’s Emitter Location System – ELS) producing SIGINT fits for UASs.

MEETING EMERGING NEEDS Over the coming decades, airborne SIGINT technology will continue to evolve and proliferate, as more s acquire SIGINT aircraft and SIGINT systems themselves are adapted to a growing variety of aircraft, from large commercial airframes to small UASs and just about anything in between. Even as the signal environment continues to rapidly grow in of density and complexity, airborne SIGINT systems developers are finding ways to keep pace with effective, yet affordable solutions. a

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With airframes tolerating longer life cycles, system updates to existing platforms are critical to maintain operational capabilities – and government bottom lines By Gábor László Zord When supersonic fighters first appeared in the 1950s, their individual life barely spanned three to 10 years. As technology matured and more successful fighter designs came off the drawing board, these platforms stayed in service longer and longer. The different factors making this possible included the increase in flight performance, better airframe and engine longevity and reliability, as well as a marked improvement in flight safety. Flight performance (around Mach 2 maximum, and high subsonic cruise speed, for example) had already reached technological and human barriers in the 1950s and ’60s, and this has proven to be enduring. The aircraft designs that reached these limits still fulfill most mission requirements in this respect. Let’s take the F-4 Phantom as an example, which flew for the first time in 1958. Its range and payload, the two most important factors in determining a fighter’s tactical utility performancewise, are adequate up to this day, as are its speed, acceleration, service ceiling and climb rate. It is not just the lack of funding for replacement that still keeps this emblematic type in service in , Greece, Turkey, South Korea, Japan and also Iran.

LONGER LIFE, MORE CHALLENGES Thanks to new materials and design solutions, airframe and engine component durability have increased

significantly. While some fighters manufactured in the 1950s had to be withdrawn after a few hundred airframe hours and their engines barely survived a few dozen hours, many of those made since the 1970s have demonstrated operational lifespans measured in thousands of hours, both for the airframe and the engine. Component reliability achieved a similar improvement, although at the increasingly complex systems level (radar, communications, IFF and EW, for example), this degree of reliability did not materialize until some time later. Ultimately, however, it has been the improvement in flight safety through the succeeding generations of fighter aircraft that has made their prolonged service possible. A significant factor for any air force is the attrition rate during peacetime training operations. In other words, what level of attrition is acceptable to train and maintain an adequate

number of combat ready aircrews for a given fleet of aircraft? At the beginning of the supersonic flight era, several dozens of airframes and their pilots were lost in training incidents for every hundred-thousand flight hours, which is the standard means of measuring flight safety. With the emergence of fly-by-wire (FBW) controls and improved man-machine interface and ergonomic solutions, the highest risk factors, namely airmanship and other human causes, were increasingly pushed aside and flight safety improved accordingly. For example, the most numerous fourth-generation fighter type, the single-engine F-16, has a loss rate of around 1.4 aircraft per hundredthousand hours in USAF service today. With attrition so low, it is easy to calculate that the designed lifespan of the aircraft would be reached much sooner than attrition would prohibitively decay the force structure.

All said, it can be seen that fourthgeneration, and even some thirdgeneration fighter types have the performance, durability, reliability and flight safety parameters that made them realistic candidates for prolonged operational service. To maintain, or even increase, combat effectiveness – “military utility” so to speak – during this extended service that may span 30 to 40 years, such a platform is worth upgrading with up-to-date mission systems. Besides, upgrades have several advantages compared to the procurement of a whole new aircraft, including financial and political benefits, which at the end of the day are decisive factors, as defense budgets remain constrained worldwide. From a different approach, fighter upgrades are also necessary because of the changing operational environment. Precision-guided munitions capabilities were first required to lower the numbers of sorties needed to destroy a target, therefore lowering the risk of losing the strike aircraft. Later, avoiding collateral damage became another factor in their development. Likewise, new sensors, as well as faster and more secure networked communications, became necessary to prosecute time-sensitive targets. Electronic warfare, which in essence improves the fighter’s survivability and its ability to put more targets at risk, now has to meet the unrealistic political demand for “zero losses.” This trend became widely apparent in the wake of the 1991 Gulf War, and it has gained momentum right through to today’s irregular warfare operations, when even a single allied warplane being downed can give the enemy a tremendous psychological boost. Of course, the threat improves as well, with modernized and new air defense systems and unorthodox tactics and employment methods. There are two additional factors that also drive EW upgrades. Parts obsolescence, is one factor, and it can lead to difficulties in sustaining EW equipment, Also, in the case of EW systems, increasingly congested electromagnetic environments can degrade the performance of older EW equipment, as well as radars and communications systems.

Having reviewed the factors driving fighter EW upgrades, it’s useful to look at the main legacy fighter programs across the world and how they are addressing EW upgrades.

F-4 PHANTOM The remaining Phantoms of the world testify to the cost-effectiveness of upgrade programs, as virtually all have undergone several iterations though their 35 to 40 years of service. The F-4F aircraft of the Luftwaffe continue to guard ’s airspace, as well as deploying to the Baltic states in their Improved Combat Efficiency (ICE) configuration, which includes the F/A-18’s APG-65 radar and AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) capability, as well as ALR-68 radar warning receiver (RWR). Cassidian has upgraded 38 Greek F-4E aircraft along similar lines, under the Peace Icarus 2000 program, although they continue to operate as multi-role platforms. The Peace Icarus 2000 program added Rafael’s Litening II targeting pod and BGT’s IRIS-T (AIM-2000) dogfight missile. Although its relationship with Israel soured recently, Turkey continues to operate its fleet of F-4Es, which have been upgraded to the Terminator 2020 standard with the addition of Elta’s EL/M-2032 radar and EL/L-8222 jammer pod, as well as portions of the ALQ-178 SPEWS from Turkish contractor MiKES. The aircraft have also received Litening II targeting pods and AGM-142 Popeye stand-off munitions. Japan still flies the upgraded F-4EJ Kai version, which received the APG-66 radar of the F-16A, as well as the capability to launch ASM-1 or ASM-2 anti-ship missiles.

F-15 EAGLE With F-22 production capped at 187 aircraft, the US Air Force will need to rely on a fleet of “Golden Eagles” – upgraded F-15C and D aircraft – to maintain air superiority, as well as F-15E aircraft for long-range air-to-ground missions. The most important upgrade of the type is the installation of AESA radars in the form of AN/APG-63(V)2 and 3, which will enable these aircraft to detect and target emerging air threats, such as cruise missiles and advanced fighters.

The fighters’ Tactical EW Suite (TEWS), comprising the ALR-56C RWR, the ALQ-135 jammer and the ALR-45 countermeasures dispenser, has not changed substantially for many years, although export customers of new as well as legacy F-15s have started asking for and receiving upgraded solutions. South Korea’s F-15s include ALQ-135M jammers with advanced microwave power modules and improved ALR-56C RWRs. The Saudi order for 84 F-15SA aircraft includes BAE Systems Digital EW System (DEWS), which is expected to have digital radar warning, as well as DRFM jammers, using technology from the F-35’s ASQ-239 Barracuda EW system. Israel continues to upgrade its original fleet of F-15A/B/C/D aircraft with technologies from the F-15I Raam. As with its F-16s, Singapore turned to Israel to equip its new F-15SG aircraft.

F-16 VIPER Designed at the beginning of the 1970s, Lockheed Martin’s F-16 is currently the most popular supersonic fighter in the world (close to 4,500 have been delivered, of which just over 3,000 were still active at the beginning of May). Based on these numbers, it represents a significant portion of the fighter upgrade market. Production of advanced F-16 versions, such as the Block 52 plus, are still ongoing, but at the same time there are airframes in service that are more than three decades old. With the delays of its

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intended replacement, the F-35, it is fair to assess that the operators of even the oldest examples – including Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Portugal, known as the European Participating Air Forces (EPAF) – will need to keep flying theirs for another 10 years. The most important and extensive upgrade programs for the type is the Mid-Life Update (MLU) destined mainly for the EPAF Block 10/15 aircraft and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) for the US Air Force

Block 40/42 and 50/52 aircraft. Both programs are based on a Modular Mission Computer (MMC) architecture, and result in a virtually common, rolling update procedure, the current status of which is designated M5. The MLU has provided autonomous precision-guided munitions capability to EPAF, through the addition of electro-optical targeting pods, of which the Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF) uses LANTIRN ER. The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) and the Belgian Air Com-

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ponent (BAC) use Pantera, while the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) and the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) use Litening. Most of these pods are fitted with Remote Optical Video Enhanced Receiver (ROVER) cards capable of exchanging images with t Terminal Attack Controllers (JTAC) on the ground equipped with a compatible terminal. Beyond laser guided bombs, the use of t Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs) became possible. MLU also introduced Link 16 datalink capability and a t Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) ing advanced, High Off BoreSight (HOBS) short-range air-to-air missiles like IRIS-T (AIM-2000) and AIM-9X. Upgrades to the mechanically scanned, slotted planar array AN/APG-66 radar resulted in the (V)2 version, capable of ing the Beyond Visual range (BVR) AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles, and advanced air-to-air and air-to-ground modes of operation. Through the MLU, EPAF F-16s share a mostly common configuration today. In the EW arena, however, this commonality only extends to Terma’s ALQ-213 EW Management System and its Pylon Integrated Dispenser System (PIDS). Otherwise, EPAF EW solutions differ. As the most unique example, Belgium uses the Dassault Electronique (now Thales) Carapace system, which it bought in the 1990s. Only the ive portion of Carapace was installed, however. Jamming is provided by Northrop Grumman AN/ ALQ-131 Block II pods. The Portuguese use Elisra SPS-1000(V)5 warning receivers and ALQ-131 pods. The Netherlands uses upgraded Northrop Grumman ALR69s and the ALQ-131 Block II. The Royal Netherlands Air Force has been planning for a Block III DRFM the ALQ131, although it is not clear when this will occur. Much depends on whether Northrop Grumman or Raytheon win the ongoing Pod Upgrade Program (PUP) in the US. The Norwegians and the Danish use upgraded ALR-69s and either ALQ131s or ALQ-162s, the latter – now in a DRFM-based pulse-Doppler/power upgraded (V)6 version – integrated into a wing pylon called Electronic Combat Integrated Pylon System (ECIPS). ECIPS and PIDS are regularly used together, asymmetrically fitted under the wings.

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Both air forces have committed to upgrade these pylons (already fitted with JDAM-capable MIL-STD-1760 smart weapon interfaces) to PIDS+ and ECIPS+ standards with the addition of a Cassidian Electronics (formerly EADS) AAR60(V)2 Missile Launch Detector System, Fighter (MILDS-F). The US fleet involved in CCIP upgrades are all Block 40/42 and 50/52 aircraft, the oldest of which has been in service for 20 years. Although advanced targeting pods, smart munitions and

datalinks were previously integrated, aircraft that underwent the CCIP now have a common and streamlined way of accessing these capabilities. From an EW – more precisely an electronic attack (EA) – viewpoint, probably the most important achievement in the US Air Force’s F-16 fleet has been the integration of lethal suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) / destruction of enemy air defenses (DEAD) capabilities integrated into the Block 50/52 F-16CJ aircraft. The CJ model simultaneously

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and cooperatively employs the Sniper EO targeting pod and upgraded ASQ-213 R7 HARM Targeting System (HTS) pod. The fusion and sharing of emitter information from multiple CJs enables precision geolocation and rapid targeting via the Sniper pod. This combination offers a significant improvement in of targeting accuracy and rapid response. The story of the self-protection of these aircraft began, unfortunately, as the USAF withdrew from the ITT/ Northrop Grumman ALQ-165 Advanced Self Protection Jammer (ASPJ) program intended for them in 1990, and therefore the fleet had to settle with the combination of Raytheon’s ALR-69 or BAE Systems’ ALR-56M and ALQ-131 or ALQ-184 jamming pod. It was the O’Grady shootdown over Bosnia in 1995 that helped to supplement this outfit with the ALE-50 towed repeater decoy system. In 1999 over Serbia, the Raytheon ALE-50 proved to be a true game changer regarding the most proliferated single-digit semi-active monopulse seekers like those found on the 3M9ME or 3M9M3 missiles of the 2K12 Kub (SA-6) system. The cat-andmouse game between threats and countermeasures, however, does not stand still. Sustainability, new threats with coherent waveforms and an increasingly dense EM-environment clearly show a pressing need for digital receivers, such as the ALR-69A, and DRFM jammer upgrades to this equipment, especially as CCIP’d F-16s have to stay relevant until the F-35 will replace them (hopefully by 2025-26). There is also a stated US requirement to use ALQ-213 for integration, as the Air National Guard has been doing on their earlier F-16s for well over a decade now. Regarding the Block 30/32 F-16s used by the Air National Guard (which were extensively modernized separately from the later versions of the active fleet through the Combat Upgrade Plan Integration Details, CUPID program), the 2010 Weapons and Tactics Conference identified ALR-69 and ALQ-131/184 digital upgrades among the top items in the Air National Guard’s Critical Combat Capabilities List. Although an initial all-digital ALR-69A upgrade for them is ongoing, there is no funding yet for fleet-wide modification.

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Depending on funds and the pace of F-35 introduction, upgrades that may appear on the US fleet of F-16s include an AESA radar (both Raytheon and Northrop Grumman are demonstrating their prototypes now), and a large Center Display Unit (CDU) which would solve a long-standing shortcoming of the F-16 cockpit, namely the inadequate display area of the two current Multi Function Displays (MFD). Beyond the USAF and EPAF, other F-16 operators of legacy aircraft are also pursuing upgrades. Partly through the acquisition of surplus Dutch and Belgian F-16s, Chile and Jordan became operators of MLU aircraft. In addition to buying 30 Advanced Block 50s, Turkey decided upon implementing CCIP for its fleet of domestically produced Block 40s and 50s, and a more limited its Block 30s. The effort includes the newest APG-68(V)9 standard radar, the locally developed Aselpod targeting pod and the ability to carry AGM-84K SLAM-ER cruise missiles. While the new aircraft will be fitted with ITT’s ALQ-211(V)4 Advanced Integrated Defensive EW Suite (AIDEWS), the legacy fleet has received, through the years, the BAE Systems-developed ALQ-178(V) Self-Protection EW System (SPEWS) I-II manufactured locally by MiKES. Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) also implements upgrades on Jordanian and Pakistani aircraft. There is an ongoing effort to use about 20 F-16D two-seaters as stand-off jammers with an adequate pod. Israel, which is well known for indigenous upgrades, recently decided upon the so-called Barak 2020 program, which will implement a standard close

to the configuration of the F-16I “Soufa” on about 124 earlier Block 30 and 40 aircraft. Elisra’s Advanced Self-Protection System (ASPS) includes the SPS-3000 RWR, SPJ-40 jammer and PAWS-2 IR missile warner. Israeli systems are extensively used on F-16s in service with Singapore. Singapore’s latest Advanced Block 52s virtually mirror the F-16I configuration. Also a large operator of the type, South Korea’s Air Force outfitted its locally manufactured Block 52s with the ITT/Northrop Grumman ALQ-165 Advanced Self Protection Jammer (ASPJ) in the 1990s, and it recently completed an upgrade that will provide the capability to drop JDAMs. It is now looking into radar upgrades for its KF-16s, including, but not limited to AESA sensors. Beyond US export control issues, the decisions will depend on the eventual progress of the Korean-manufactured FA-50 light fighter, for which the local LIG Nex1 company is developing a radar together with IAI ELTA, based on the latter’s EL/ M-2032 mechanically scanned design. Longer term, this program may even receive technology insertion from the Israeli company’s EL/M-2052 AESA radar development. The FA-50s EW suite is being supplied by Elisra. Greece, which bought 90 Block 52+ in the last decade equipped with Raytheon’s Advanced Self-Protection Integrated Suite (ASPIS) II, also upgraded the original ASPIS I of its Block 30s and 50s to this standard. Some aircraft lacking jammers received them, while those already outfitted with ALQ-187 were given a DRFM upgrade. Egypt and Morocco have also bought the ASPIS for their F-16s.

F/A-18 HORNET As a type destined to be replaced by the F-35 eventually, the so-called legacy Hornets (F/A-18A/B/C/D models) of the US Navy and Marine Corps have received many upgrades in recent years, including Advanced IFF and targeting pods (Litening and ATFLIR), while structural upgrades were made to extend the lifespan of the airframes prone to cracks in the harsh carrier environment. Regarding EW, the basic trend over the past few years has been to retrofit elements (Raytheon’s ALR-67(V)3 RWR and ITT’s ALQ-214 RF Countermeasures subsystem) of the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet’s Integrated Defensive Electronic Countermeasures (IDECM) suite into legacy Hornets. The US Navy is following in the footsteps of export customers, like the Swiss Air Force and the Canadian Forces, which have been retrofitting the ALR67(V)3 into their Hornets. The worldwide fleet of legacy Hornets, which currently relies on a mix of ALQ-126B, ALQ-162 and a few ALQ-165 jammers are slated receive a new version of the ALQ214 jammer, as well. As the Royal Australian Air Force became a Super Hornet customer, it moved to equip its legacy F-18s with the ALR-67(V)3 RWR, instead of the (now abandoned) indigenous ALR-2001. The upgrade also included AIM-132 Advanced Short-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (ASRAAMs), and smart weapons fitted with long-range “diamondback” wing kits. Spain elected a different path for its EF-18M upgrade. Beginning in 2008, domestic EW manufacturer Indra supplied a new Self Protection Suite (SPS) for 56 aircraft. It includes the ALR-400 digital Radar Warning Receiver, the ALQ-500 Jammer/Deceiver and the ALE-47 CMDS.

MIRAGE 2000 While continuous upgrades for the fleet of different Mirage 2000 variants of the French Air Force is ongoing (including the addition of the rocket-propelled modular munition, the AASM), the most significant of them, the conversion of a limited number of C fighter variants to Dash 5 versions, finished years ago. The upgrade included a new glass cockpit, RDY radar, full ICMS EW suite and the addition of Mica EM and IR missiles.

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The Indian Air Force and Thales are inching ever closer to an agreement to upgrade the Indian Air Force’s fleet of Mirage 2000 aircraft (see related news article in World Report, page 28). Thales is offering the Integrated Countermeasure System (ICMS) Mk 4 for the upgrade, which includes wideband digital receivers and DRFM.

TORNADO Although planning seems to change from time to time, it is generally agreed

that the tri-national European Tornado has to serve for another 10-20 years. This goal is being achieved via separate phased upgrade programs among its three European operators, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Although separate programs, they are achieving similar levels of capability. For example, all air forces operating the type have added a GPS-guided munition capability (Paveway IV for the Royal Air Force, GBU-54 LJDAM for the Luftwaffe and JDAM for the Aeronautica Militare

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

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Italiana, the AMI), advanced targeting pods (in the form of Litening) and reconnaissance pods (in the form of Raptor and RecceLite). Regarding EW, the Italian examples are fitted with Elettronica AR-3/MK3i, while the Germans have installed Saab’s BOW RWR as part of its Tornado Defensive Aids Subsystem (TDASS) upgrade. The AMI is partnering with the US Navy in the AGM-88E AARGM missile development, which would give their ECR defensesuppression aircraft new capabilities. Over the last few years, Europe’s Tornadoes have been ing operations in Afghanistan, which has prompted significant IR countermeasures upgrades for the Tornado. , the UK and Italy each pursued different upgrade programs, although all were based on Saab’s BOZ dispenser pod. In 2006, selected Terma’s Special Dispenser System (SDS), the so-called M-8F version of the company’s Modular Countermeasures Pod (M). The RAF also contracted with Terma in 2008 to provide the Advanced Infrared Protection System (AIPS), which also incorporates a US-supplied missile warning system. Both solutions are controlled by the Danish company’s ALQ-213(V) EW management system. The AMI selected Saab’s BOZ-102EC (Enhanced Capability), which is a Compact Integrated Defensive Aids Suite (CIDAS) installed in a standard BOZ pod. It carries an Electronic Warfare Controller (EWC), five BOPL-39 countermeasures dispensers and the company’s MAW-300 ultraviolet-band missile warner.

MIG-21 The classic Cold War Soviet MiG-21 and its Chinese F-7 derivative survived into the 21st Century in significant numbers. Two upgrades stand out, which at the present moment look like they will enable these aircraft to remain in service for another three to 10 years. The Indian Air Force’s MiG-21UPG, or Bison, received the Phazatron Kopyo lightweight radar, the indigenously developed Tarang RWR, conformal dispensers above the wings, as well as a capability to carry R-73RDM2 (AA-11) dogfight and Beyond Visual Range (BVR) R-77/RVV-AEE (AA-12) missiles, as

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well as KAB-500 electro-optical guided bombs. The hotly contested MediumRange Combat Aircraft (MRCA) program and the local Tejas light fighter program are intended to buy replacements for the Bison, but slow progress with both makes it necessary for the Indian Air Force to continue relying in part on these old MiGs. The Romanian Air Force turned to Elbit for a comprehensive upgrade of its MiG-21MF aircraft, which became the LanceR. On the LanceR-C variant, the Romanians fitted an Elta AL/M-2032 radar and an EW suite comprising Elisra’s SPS-20 RWR, IMI’s TAAS dispenser and Elta’s EL/L-8222R jamming pod. Interestingly, LanceRs were one of the first types to employ a helmet mounted cueing system in the form of DASH. In addition to the Litening targeting pod, weapons integrated with the upgrade include Python III and Magic II air-to-air missiles, Lizard laser-guided munitions and Opher IR-guided bombs. Although capability-wise the upgrade was a success, accident attrition has been high and budget constraints led

to a decline in mission capable rates. According to current plans, ex-US F-16 Block 25 aircraft with Israeli upgrades will replace the MiGs, although a contract has not been signed yet. The Romanian Air Force wants as many elements from the LanceR upgrade as possible to be retained in the replacement solution.

MIG-29 Counter to Western expectations, the MiG-29 has proven to be far less competitive in fighter competitions over the past decade than expected. However,

many of the world’s MiG-29 operators intend to keep them flying for 10 to 15 more years, including NATO countries such as Poland, Slovakia and Bulgaria, which operate the original 9.12 variant. Slovakia performed the MiG-29AS upgrade, which mostly included Western navigation and communications systems, IFF, as well as man-machine interface improvements. Poland has developed its own upgrade package in order to meet basic NATO interoperability requirements, and it is now looking into capability upgrades. This includes a sustainability and performance upgrade

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tanks and an improved EW suite, which includes an internal jammer, which the MiG-29 lacked before.

well as a new Belorussian jammer integrated into a missile rail.

BANG FOR THE BUCK SUKHOI The Su-27 and derivatives (Su-30 and China’s Jenyang J-11) have been the most successful export product of the Russian defense industry over the past two decades. While some newer versions were delivered in an up-to-date configuration, which included Western equipment (India’s Su-30MKI carries Elta’s EL/L-8222 jammer pods and Litening targeting pods and Malaysia’s MKM received a Saab self-protection suite, for example), the upgrade of the original Soviet fleet started slowly and has not received much attention. Russia is moving ahead with its Su-27SM upgrade, which beside cockpit upgrades and new radar (N001V) allows the carriage of R-77 missiles. Belurussia developed its own upgrade, the Su-27BM/UBM, and beyond its own aircraft, upgraded those of Kazakhstan. The latter also received Litening pods from Elbit, as

While the world’s high-profile fighter programs, such as those in India and Brazil, seem to garner the most attention, the market for fighter upgrades remains significant. Major advances in avionics architectures, stand-off targeting and precision munitions, radar, communications and EW systems can be implemented on legacy platforms that still have many years of service left in them. Moreover, these options are especially significant in an austere budget environment. Pursuing these types of upgrades typically requires the nation to be astute not only about aircraft engines and structural components, but also about AESA radars, advanced datalinks, digital RWRs and DRFM-based countermeasures. If done right, a good fighter upgrade program can enable an air force to wait until the time is right to buy a new generation of aircraft, even if that takes several years longer than expected. a

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

of the N019 (Slot Back) radar with the Phazotron Ukraine company. EW upgrades may receive attention, as it was mentioned when Poland signed a deal for helicopter self-protection solutions with Terma last year. Ukraine has been planning a fleetwide upgrade of its MiG-29s for many years, but no final decision has been taken yet. However, aerospace companies in the country are preparing solutions, in case funding is assured. The Radionix company, for example, is developing the Omut jammer (also to be available in podded form) for this purpose, to replace the L009LM RWR and L203B(I) jammer combination in the 9.13 variant of the MiG-29. India’s MiG-29 upgrade program reached an important milestone earlier this year, when the first prototype of the MiG-29UPG made its initial test flight at Zhukovsky airfield, Russia. Although the exact configuration was not disclosed, it is believed that the Phazotron Zhuk ME mechanically scanned planar slotted antenna radar is part of the package, as well as dorsal mounted fuel

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’s Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA) procurement agency is pursing several electronic warfare (EW) programs across the land, sea and air domains for the country’s armed forces. Several of these initiatives have been launched in the last five years, and additional EW system acquisitions are expected over the next five-year period. These initiatives are being driven by two key motivations; firstly to outfit platforms that the Armée de Terre (French Army), Marine Nationale (French Navy) and Armée de l’Air (French Air Force) are acquiring; and secondly, to respond to urgent operational requirements generated by the continuing French presence in Afghanistan in of NATO operations there. Around 4,000 French personnel are deployed both inside the country, and as part of Combined Task Force-150 ing maritime security operations in the Indian Ocean region. Most of these personnel are involved in counter-insurgency efforts inside Afghanistan and, as a result of the French Army’s experiences there, a number of EW programs have been launched to provide force protection to French troops operating on the ground.

ARMÉE DE TERRE The French Army follows two distinct approaches as far as its EW doctrine is concerned, maintaining both brigade and tactical-level EW capabilities. The force is unusual in the European context in maintaining a dedicated unit charged with collecting signals intelligence (SIGINT). This unit was initially called the Brigade de Renseignement et de Guerre Electronique (BRGE/ Electronic Warfare and Information Brigade) and was formed in 1993. It was renamed the Brigade de Renseignement, despite

retaining its EW responsibilities. Currently, this unit contains two SIGINT regiments (44e and 54e Régiment de Transmissions); artillery and light cavalry regiments; a cartographic group; an information collection group charged with interrogating prisoners of war; and civil communications operations. In addition to this formation, French Army EW doctrine also highlights the importance of retaining tactical-level EW assets, and to this end, is rolling out equipment onto its ground vehicles to provide tactical-level SIGINT and force protection. EW force protection assets utilized by the French Army include a route clearance system, known as the SOUVIM-2, which is understood to have deployed to Afghanistan. The system obtains its designation from Système d’OUVerture d’Itinéraire Miné, (Mine Route Clearance System). The DGA contracted MBDA to develop the SOUVIM-2 in 2000, following the draft of a requirement by the French Army for a vehicle which could clear ordnance from up to 93 miles of road per day. The requirement also stipulated that the vehicle should be able to mark the safe route for other traffic in a convoy. The acquisition of the SOUVIM-2 by the French Army replaces the legacy SOUVIM-1 system that the force was using for the mine and Improvised Explosive Device (IED) clearance task. SOUVIM-1 was the local designation given to the four DCD Dorbyl Husky vehicles that the French Army procured from South Africa. Each SOUVIM-2 comprises two separate vehicles, each designed with a narrow V-shaped hull. The two vehicles both tow trailers, and travel in a tandem formation. A frame outfits the front of the leading vehicle accommodating an infra-red sensor designed to detonate IR-activated ordnance, as well as a

The country looks to system acquisitions as it continues to operations in the Middle East from this UOR, the DGA is expected to launch a larger counterIED program on behalf of the French Army in the near future.

ARMÉE DE L’AIR Like the French Army, French Air Force EW doctrine is focused on using both dedicated SIGINT gathering capabilities – in this case the C-160G Gabriel aircraft that are used by the force for electronic intelligence collection at the operational and strategic levels – along with tactical EW executed by the dedicated self-protection equipment installed on fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

magnetic unit to detonate magnetic mines. This frame is also equipped with metal protrusions to trigger motion-activated mines, allowing the leading SOUVIM-2 vehicle to detonate such ordnance at a safe distance. Low pressure tires allow the lead vehicle to harmlessly over pressure mines, which are then activated by a heavy trailer, which weighs around 22,000 lbs. The trailer also carries high-pressure paint spraying apparatus to apply paint to the road surface, and which cannot be displaced by dust. This indicates the section of the road ed over by the lead vehicle, which the following convoy will drive through. Although the trailer is designed to detonate pressure mines, its robust construction provides it with good protection against any damage caused by these mines. Moreover, any damage to the trailer, such as the loss of a wheel, can be easily replaced in the field. The lead vehicle is followed by a second vehicle, which does not carry the forward-facing frame, but does tow two additional trailers that are designed to detonate any residual pressure mines not activated by the lead vehicle and trailer. By the end of this year, SOUVIM-2 manufacturer MBDA is expected to deliver five complete systems to the French Army. Along with the SOUVIM-2, the French Army has procured the Station Appui Electronique de (SAEC) SIGINT vehicles. The DGA awarded Thales a contract in 2004 to develop the SAEC, which is deployed on eight Véhicule de l’Avant Blindé (VAB) armored personnel carriers. The SAEC, which can perform on-the-move and static communications and electronic intelligence gathering, performs wideband signals acquisition and real-time analysis. The SAEC can be linked into a VHF or HF tactical radio network to feed raw or processed intelligence to higher command levels. A number of SIGINT and EW programs for the French Army are also known to be in existence, although neither the force, the DGA, nor the contractor (in this case Thales), will provide any public comment regarding the name or scope of these initiatives. For example, last year the DGA awarded Thales a contract to develop a communications intelligence (COMINT) and jamming system to dismounted Special Forces. In addition, earlier this year, the procurement agency awarded the company a contract to develop a counter-IED jammer resulting from an Urgent Operational Requirement. Deliveries of this new product are expected to commence before the summer. Apart

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MBDA’s DDM-NG self protection system provides a 360-degree view around the aircraft to detect incoming missiles, projectiles and gunshots. The company sees applications for its infrared sensing technology for ground surveillance, too.

The Air Force operates two dedicated C160G Gabriel SIGINT aircraft flown by the Escadron Electronique EE54 ‘Dunkerque’ (54 ‘Dunkerque’ Electronic Squadron) located at Metz-Frescaty airbase, northern . At least one of these aircraft was reported in the French media to be ing Opération Harmattan, the French contribution to Operation Unified Protector which enforces the UN arms embargo and no-fly zone over Libya. The French Air Force has refused to confirm or deny this, stating that it does not comment on C-160G operations. In 2008, the DGA

selected Thales to perform an the SIGINT collection and analysis capabilities of these aircraft. Although these upgrades were scheduled to be completed this year, it is thought that both of the air force’s C-160G Gabriel aircraft have completed their upgrade programs and re-entered service. At the tactical level, is pursuing several EW programs in the air domain, including the DDM-SAMIR (Détecteur De Missile-Système d’Alerte Missile InfraRouge) infrared missile warning system, the new generation DDM-NG

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DDM-NG sensor view and the sensor mounted near the top of the Rafale’s tailfin.

missile warning system, the SPECTRA self-protection suite plus the Saphir-M and ELIPS family. Furthermore, in the air domain, the DGA is pushing forward work on decoy systems, such as Spider, while continuing to order legacy products such as the Éclair-M chaff and flare launcher to air force operations in Afghanistan. The DDM-SAMIR has been in production since October 1994, when the DGA tasked MBDA and Sagem Défense et Sécurité to develop this missile warning receiver for Dassault Mirage 2000C/D/N combat aircraft. Since then, the DGA has authorized MBDA’s development of the next incarnation of the DDM-SAMIR, known as the DDM-NG, which forms a key component of the SPECTRA self-protection suite outfitting the Dassault RafaleC/D/M combat aircraft of the air force and Aeronavale (French Naval Aviation). Deliveries of the DDM-NG for SPECTRA installation on the Rafale is expected to commence in 2012, and MBDA is currently completing some remaining work on the system’s software modes. One of the DGA’s specifications for the DDM-NG was for it to maintain the same form, fit, function and electrical interface as that used for the legacy DDM-SAMIR, but with greatly improved capability. For example, the DDM-NG uses a pair of staring IR focal plane array sensors to provide the aircraft with 360 degree coverage; and it can detect rocket, missile and even sniper fire. The SPECTRA EW suite is already in service on the 55 Rafales operated by the Air Force, and 17 flown by the Navy, although the SPECTRA system carried by these aircraft comprises the legacy DDM-SAMIR. Production of the DDM-NG is scheduled to commence in 2012. Along with the work that the DGA has tasked MBDA to perform regarding the DDM-NG, the procurement agency has also tasked the firm to further develop its Spider expendable RF decoy. Originally conceived in the 1990s, the DGA has authorized a Technology Demonstration Program to develop the Spider into a working product. This process is expected to take around five years. Moreover, as part of the pan-European Airbus A400M military airlifter program, the DGA has tasked MBDA with

the development of the Saphir-400 expendable decoy dispensing system for the freighter. This product will be integrated with the larger A400M Defensive Aids Sub System (DASS) provided by the Spanish defence firm Indra. In of rotary-wing EW programs being ed by the DGA, the

organization has commissioned MBDA to develop the Saphir-M and ELIPS-NH chaff/flare dispensers for the Eurocopter EC-665 (Saphir-M) attack helicopter variants under acquisition by , Spain, and Australia. Meanwhile, the ELIPS-NH decoy system is equipping all of the NH Industries NH-

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

The French Army’s SOUVIM-2 system has been procured to provide a route clearance capability.

90 Tactical Transport Helicopters (TTH) and NFHs (NATO Frigate Helicopters) being sold to Australia, Belgium, Finland, , , Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Portugal and Spain. The exception is Sweden, which is to receive 18 NH-90s that will be outfitted with a Saab-produced decoy system. In fact, the ELIPS-NH is one variant within the larger ELIPS family, which also includes the ELIPS-NG chaff and flare dispenser. ELIPS-NG can be configured to include between two and six chaff and flare decoy launchers, and it outfits the Eurocopter EC-725 Caracal Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) and Special Forces helicopters used by the French Army and Air Force. MBDA sources have indicated that this product could be used to equip the French Navy’s Dassault Atlantique ATL2 maritime patrol aircraft in the near future. Along with the new EW products discussed above, both the DGA and French Air Force continue to procure legacy chaff and flare products to protect aircraft participating in ongo-

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ing combat operations. For example, French Air Force Mirage-2000D aircraft deployed to Afghanistan are outfitted with MBDA’s Éclair-M decoy dispenser, which is carried in place of the drag parachute that these aircraft usually deploy, to provide additional protection. The Éclair-M can carry up to 112 packages of chaff and 64 flares, and is used to defeat new-generation ManPortable Air Defense System (MANPADS) threats that the aircraft might encounter in theater.

MARINE NATIONALE Like the Air Force and Army, the French Navy s a similar dual strategic/operational and tactical EW doctrine. The force is one of the few European navies to maintain a dedicated SIGINT vessel for strategic- and operational-level missions, in the form of the Dupuy de Lôme, which was commissioned in 2006. In addition, the force will also make use of a number of tactical ELINT capabilities outfitting several of the surface and subsurface combat-

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ants entering service with the force in the next five to 10 years. Regarding surface vessels, the Navy should commission the first of its nine FREMM (Frégate Multi-Mission) ships in July 2012. Meanwhile, the force is also upgrading some of the EW systems on existing ship classes. To this end, the Georges Leygues-Class F-70 class anti-submarine frigates are receiving improvements to their EW systems. This upgrade will also be rolled out across the force’s five La Fayette class light frigates, which carry the SAIGON ARBG-1 VHF/UHF detector, ARBR-21 radar detector and Dagaile Mk.2 chaff launcher. Other improvements to the EW capabilities of the French Navy surface fleet include the addition of new chaff and IR decoys to its Horizon class frigates with the possibility of also installing these defenses, which are being furnished by French countermeasures specialists EtienneLacroix, to the FREMM ships over the next five years. The French Navy is also taking delivery of new submarines in the form of up to six Barracuda class nuclear powered attack boats. The launch of the first, the Suffren, is expected in 2016. These submarines will be outfitted with a DAS surface detection system from French defense contractor Sagem Défense Sécurité. The DAS comprises a pair of optronic masts and a single radar mast. Collocated with these is an ESM system that will detect radar emissions from surface ships and aircraft.

PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE The procurements to fulfil UORs, particularly in the ground domain, underline the fact that the DGA is still mindful of a need to protect French assets in the Afghan theatre from threats such as IEDs. At the same time, the agency in continuing to procure EW systems for the protection of French platforms in future operations, which may or may not include a significant counterinsurgency element. While playing close attention to the need to fulfil tactical EW requirements, the DGA also continues to maintain the capabilities of its strategic- and operational-level SIGINT gathering capabilities. a 4/27/11 2:07:27 PM

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY AIRBORNE DISPENSERS AND IR EXPENDABLES By Ollie Holt

IR Expendables As missile technology has evolved, IR seekers have employed more sophisticated counter-countermeasures against flares. These counter-countermeasures may include spectral, temporal, spatial and kinematic techniques to distinguish between flares and the target aircraft. As a result, flare designs offer

In order to defeat these advanced seekers, either a cocktail of spectral and propelled flares is required or a spectrally tailored propelled flare is needed to degrade the missile seeker tracking capability. Most airborne IR decoys comply to standard form factors, such as 1 x 1 x 8 inches, 1 x 2 x 8 inches, etc. However, the flare dispensers, which are integrated onto a variety of helicopters, transports and fighter aircraft, come in a several shapes and sizes and feature a range of flare capacities.

Dispensers The dispensers included in this month’s survey cover a variety types, including traditional “bucket” designs, such as the ALE-47, which use pyrotechnic impulse cartridges or “squibs” to eject the flares. Typically, these types of dispensers are programmable, meaning they can be pre-programmed to dispense flares in a particular pattern. Sometimes, two or even three different flare types are loaded into the dispensers in order to match flares with specific types of threats. A few of these dispensers also feature the ability to automatically identify which type of flare is loaded into each slot of the magazine. This helps with keeping track of flare inventory throughout a mission. Mechanical dispensers use a motor to drive a plunger that pushes pyrophoric IR decoy material out of the dispenser. These dispensers can be started and stopped either automatically via the EW suite or manually by the aircrew. Depending on the amount of pyrophoric decoy material they can carry, they can provide pre-emptive IR protection for extended periods.

Airborne Dispenser and IR Expendables Sampling

more sophistication in of the materials they use and their flight characteristics. For example, thrusted flares include a propellant component that enables the decoy to fly along with or even ahead of the platform for several seconds, which is long enough to confuse an incoming threat. Dual-spectral flares include two components that radiate at different temperatures. These are designed to defeat threats that reject single-point flares by looking for targets with two or more IR features, such as heat from the leading edge of a wing and the much hotter metal near the engine exhaust. The more advanced missile seekers will add both a spatial and spectral component to the tracking loop in order to separate targets from countermeasures.

This survey includes two related components. The first section covers IR decoy dispensers. The second section lists the types of flares and IR decoys that are available for use with these dispensers. In the airborne market, the flare manufacturers and the dispenser manufacturers usually are not the same companies. However, most of the companies that make flare dispensers also manufacture flares and vice versa. Our survey includes nearly 30 dispenser products from 10 companies, as well as listing four flare magazines from two manufacturers. The flare portion of the survey covers 34 IR decoy and flare products from eight manufacturers. This is merely a sampling from these companies, and we encourage you to visit the company websites listed in the table in order to view the full range of available products. JED’s next survey, covering SIGINT and DF antennas, will appear in the August issue.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

I

nfrared (IR) countermeasures flares and decoys remain the primary means of protecting rotaryand fixed-wing aircraft against IR-guided threats. This is due to their effectiveness against most types of fielded IR-guided missiles, as well as their affordability. Flare technology and dispenser designs have evolved considerably over the past decade, and many of those advances are reflected in this month’s survey.

59

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE DISPENSERS MODEL

EXP TYPE

QUANTITY

PROGRAMMABLE

INTERFACE

BAE Systems; Austin, TX; +1-512-929-4371; www.baesystems.com ALE-47 (V) Threat Adaptive Countermeasures Dispenser System (TACDS)

MJU-7/-10, M206, RR-170, RR-180, etc.

30

Yes

MIL-STD-1553

AN/ALE-47 Countermeasures Dispenser System (CMDS)

MJU-7/-10, M206, RR-170, RR-180, etc.

30

Yes

MIL-STD-1553

ALE-47H Threat Adaptive Countermeasures Dispenser System (TACDS) for Helicopter applications

M206, M211, M212, RR-170 and RR-180

30

Yes

MIL-STD-1553

AN/ALE-58 (BOL)

MJU-52

160-640

Yes

MIL-STD-1553

30

Yes

1553, RS-232 and PPD

BAE Systems Rokar; Jerusalem, Israel; +972-2-5329888; www.rokar.com Advanced Countermeasures Dispensing System (ACDS)

MJU-7, M206, RR-170, RR-180

Kanfit Ltd.; Migdal-Haemek, Israel; +972-4-6547461; www.kanfit.com M-130 Magazine

NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in.

30

*

*

ALE-47 Magazine

NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in., 2 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 2.5 x 8 in.

30

*

*

ALE-39 Magazine

Round: 1.5 in. D x 6 in.

30

*

*

MBDA; Le Plessis-Robinson Cedex, ; +33 1 71 54 10 00; www.mbda-systems.com

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

60

ELIPS

IR, RF

190 (Typ.)

Yes

RS 422

SPECTRA Dispenser

IR, RF, EO

180 (Typ.)

Yes

MIL-STD-1553

SPIRALE & ECLAIR-M

IR, RF, EO

210 (Typ.)

Yes

Digibus, RS422

SAPHIR-M

IR, RF

190 (Typ.)

Yes

RS 422

SAPHIR-400

IR, RF

*

Yes

MIL-STD-1553

*

Yes

*

Meggit Defense Systems; Irvine, CA; +1.949-465-7700; www.meggitt.com SM-50 Magazine

IR

MES; Rome, Italy; +39-06-41627.200; www.mesroma.it ECDS-1

RF MEB, IR MEB and others

30, 60 MEB

Yes

RS-422, RS-485

ECDS-2

RF MEB, IR MEB and others

30, 60 MEB

Yes

MIL-STD-1553, RS-422, RS-485

ECDS-2(V28)

RF MEB, IR MEB and others

30, 60 MEB

Yes

MIL-STD-1553, RS-422, RS-485, RS-232

Yes

MIL-STD-1553, RS-422

Niron M.S. System & Projects Ltd.; Netania, Israel; +972 9 7407626; www.niron-sys.com Chaff And Flare Dispensing System (CAFDS)

RR-170, RR-180, M206, MJU-7

30

Rodale Electronics Inc.; Hauppauge, NY; +1-321-632-1130; www.rodaleelectronics.com Dispenser Unit 179750-0001

Chaff and Flare

30

*

various

Dispenser Unit 3268AS402-002

Chaff and Flare

30

Yes

digital and analog

ALE-39 Dispenser Unit

Chaff and Flare

30

No

digital and analog

SIZE

WEIGHT

FEATURES

45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing.

Various configs.

60 lb for a typical four-dispenser system. 12-15 lb per additional dispenser.

Full O, I and D level equipment and software tools available.

45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing.

Various configs.

60 lb for a typical four-dispenser system. 12-15 lb per additional dispenser.

Full US DOD logistics and EW software via WR-ALC Program Office.

45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing.

4.85 x 8.95 x 12.93 in.

40 lb for a typical helicopter installation.

Full O, I and D level equipment and software tools available

30 W standby, 500 W dispensing.

67.9 x 8.9 x 7.4 in. Typ install

40 lb per dispenser. 80 lb typical 2-dispenser aircraft config.

Full O, I and D level equipment and software tools available.

Each dispense requires 5 amps. System operates on 28 V.

*

*

Simultaneous dispensing of four payloads from same magazine. Event recording and debriefing.

*

Dispenser: 8.5 x 4.5 x 4 in. Magazine; 8.5 x 4.5 x 8 in.

Dispenser: 10 lb. Magazine: 6 lb.

RTM composite technology; offers durability, tighter tolerances and very good repeatability.

*

Dispenser: 7 x 6 x 10 in. Magazine: 6.5 x 5.5 x 8 in.

Dispenser: 10 lb. Magazine: 6 lb.

RTM composite technology.

*

Dispenser: 10.7 x 9 x 7 in. Magazine: 10.75 x 6 x 6 in.

Dispenser: 15 lb. Magazine: 8 lb.

RTM composite technology.

*

*

~ 12 kg

Helicopters and mission aircraft

*

*

*

RAFALE

*

*

*

M2000

*

*

~ 12 kg

Tigre and NH90

*

*

*

A400M

350 vdc @ 100 W

3 x 8 x 24 in.

30 lb

Converts ALE-50 RF deoy system into pre-emptive IR decoy dispensing system using pryophoric material.

15 W standby, 203 W dispensing

CCU: 3 x 5.74 x 5.39 in. SDU: 6.87 x 8.3 x 11.41 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 L in. Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.

CCU: 4 lb. SDU: 7.1 lb. SSU: 0.5 lb. Magazine: 3.7 lb.

Reaction time: <100 ms. PBIT and CBIT.

16 W standby, 206 W dispensing

EIU: 4.47 x 4.92 x 7.87 in. SDU: 6.87 x 8.3 x 3.74 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 in. Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.

EIU: 5.5 lb. SDU: 7.1 lb. SSU: 0.5 lb. Magazine: 3.7 lb.

Library data loaded by MIL-1553. 16 payload map configuration.

25 W standby, 250 W dispensing

EIU: 5.27 x 5.27 x 10.23 in. SDU: 6.77 x 8.48 x 10.23 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 L in. Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.

EIU: 5.5 lb. SDU: 8.8 lb. SSU: 0.5. Magazine: 3.7 lb.

Misfire detection and recovery.

40W

DCU: 10 x 6 x 4 in. Disp.: 8.5 x 5 x 4.5 in. Magazine: 8.5 x 8 x 4.5 in.

40 lb. (typical installation with 2 dispensers/magazines). Each additional dispenser/magazine 10 lb.

Dispensing mode selection: Automatic, Semi-Automatic, Manual, Escape & Jettison. NVG compatibility.

*

10.1 x 7.2 in.

6.5 lb

Interfaces with ALE-47. Utilizes inventory monitoring.

5V

10.1 x 6.3 in.

6.5 lb

Interfaces with ALE-47. Utilizes inventory monitoring.

5-9 V

*

8 lb

Dispenser unit for ALE-39.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

PWR CONSUMED (W)

61

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE DISPENSERS MODEL

EXP TYPE

QUANTITY

PROGRAMMABLE

INTERFACE

Saab Defense Electronic Systems; Sweden; +46-8-580-853-06; www.saabgroup.com BOZ-EC

1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in.

95-195

Yes

PPD-bus, RS422, 28 VDC discretes, MILSTD-1553, Arinc 429

BOA

CIV-IR IR decoy

12

Yes

28 VDC discretes and RS485

BOL chaff (RR-184) or BOL IR (MJU-52/B)

160

Yes

28 VDC discretes, RS485, MIL-STD-1553

BOP-L

1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in.

23 to 39

Yes

RS485, CAN

BOH

BOL chaff or BOL IR. Flares: Pyro 1 x 1 x 8 in., 2 x 1 x 8 in.

160 BOL decoys and 15-30 pyro decoys

Yes

28 VDC discretes, RS485, MIL-STD-1553

15-30

Yes

MIL-STD-1553, RS-422, RS-485

15-30

Yes

MIL-STD-1553, RS-232, RS-485

BOL

Tech Survey: Expendables

Symetrics Industries, LLC; Melbourne, FL, USA; +1-321-254-1500; www.symetrics.com AN/ALE-47(V) Countermeasures Dispenser System (CMDS)

Round: 1.5 D x 6 in., square: 1 x 1 x 8 in.

TERMA A/S; Lystrup, Denmark; +45-8743-6000; www.terma.com Advanced Countermeasures Dispenser System (ACMDS)

MTV, spectral, SMD, aerodynamic, etc.

Thales Land and t Systems; Suffolk, UK; +44 (0)1284 750599; www.thalesgroup.com Vicon 78 Series 455 (helicopter config)

NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB

32, 64 MEB

Yes

EIA-422A

Vicon 78 Series 455 (fixed-wing config)

NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB

30, 60 MEB

Yes

EIA-422A and MIL-STD-1553.

Vicon XF

NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB

32, 64 MEB

Yes

EIA-422A and MIL-STD-1553.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

62

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARES MODEL

EXP TYPE

EJECT METHOD

COMPATIBILITY

Alloy Surfaces Company; Chester Township, PA, USA; +1-610-497-7979; www.alloysurfaces.com M211

Special Material (SM)

Pyro

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

MJU-49/B

Special Material (SM)

Pyro

ALE-39 and ALE-47

MJU-51A/B

Special Material (SM)

Pyro

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

MJU-52/B BOL IR

Special Material (SM)

Mechanical

SAAB BOL dispenser

MJU-64/B

Special Material (SM)

Pyro

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

Armtec Defense; Coachella, CA, USA; +1-760 398 0143; www.esterline.com ARM-001

Conventional MTV flare

Pyro

ALE-39, ALE-47 or equivalent

ARM-031

Aerodynamic MTV flare

Pyro

ALE-39, ALE-47 or equivalent

M206

Conventional MTV flare

Pyro

ALE-47 or equivalent

MJU-53/B

Conventional MTV flare

Pyro

ALE-47 or equivalent

MJU-59/B

Spectral flare

Pyro

ALE-47 or equivalent

PWR CONSUMED (W)

SIZE

WEIGHT

FEATURES

3-phase 115 VAC

Length approx 4,000 mm

250 kg

Podded self-protection system. Test block, Zero-Volt Tester, library tool.

<50W standby, <400W dispensing

128 x 308 x 436 mm

7.5 kg (loaded)

Non-pyro dispenser; part of the CAMPS protection system.

1-phase 115 VAC, <50W standby, <400W dispensing

Length approx 1,500 mm

11.9 kg

Electromechanical dispensing mechanism, mounted in missile launcher, pylon, conformal housing or BOH dispenser.

Tech Survey: Expendables

*

2-2.5 kg, depending on config

Light weight, quick release magazine.

Length approx 3,000 mm

85 kg (loaded)

Podded self-protection system with integrated MWS, and both pyro dispenser and BOL.

<25W standby, 5+ amps for 50 msec while dispensing

Dispenser for round expendables: 10.2 x 9.8 x 6.7 in. Dispenser for square expendables: 6.6 x 8.5 x 9.7 in.

4.4 lb

Dispenser connects to EW and Air Data busses.

3 W standby, 140 W (pulsed) dispensing

DSS: 7.9 x 14.6 x 14.6 cm. Dispenser assembly: 16.9 x 21.5 x 24.4 cm. Breech plate: 14.3 x 19.1 x 2.5 cm.

DSS: 1.3 kg. Dispenser assembly: 2.4 kg. Breech plate: 1 kg.

Can be configured as standard dispenser assemblies (“buckets”) or integrated into applied aero-structures, e.g., fuselage mounted, PIDS, M, SCDs or SWPs.

M: 5 W. Dispenser: 14 W.

M: 15.2 x 14.5 x 1.75 cm. Safety Disarm Unit: 6.5 x 7.62 x 7.94 cm. Dispenser: 26.3 x 11.9 x 27.3 cm.

M: 0.2 kg. Safety Disarm Unit: 0.3 kg. Dispenser: 3.1 kg.

Designed for helicopter applications.

CFDCU: 28 W. Dispenser: 14 W.

CFDCU: 14.6 x 7.62 x 23.5 cm. Safety Disarm Unit: 6.5 x 7.62 x 97.4 cm. Dispenser: 21.5 x 17.0 x 24.4 cm.

CFDCU: 2.2 kg. Safety Disarm Unit: 0.3 kg. Dispenser: 3.2 kg.

Designed for fixed-wing and retrofit applications.

*

For fixed and rotary-wing applications. Programmable SmartStore dispenser. Interchangeable with Vicon 78.

*

*

SIZE

WEIGHT

NATO #

FEATURES

1 x 1 x 8 in.

310 g

1370-01-534-9804 1370-01-460-1687 - w/decal

Covert Special Materials, extremely safe to handle.

36 mm x 5.8 in.

340 g

1370-01-449-0577

Covert Special Materials.

2 x 1 x 8 in.

620 g

1370-01-544-2965

Covert Special Materials.

2 x 3 x 1/4 in.

54 g

1370-01-490-2432 - 16 pack 1370-01-519-7838 - 80 pack

Covert Special Materials.

1 x 1 x 8 in.

310 g

1370-01-523-0965

Covert Special Materials.

36 mm x 6 in.

254 g

1370-01-533-0033

Tailored for fast jets. Nose-weighted flare for aerodynamic stability.

36 mm x 6 in.

360 g

1370-01-564-8821

1 x 1 x 8 in.

185 g

1370-01-048-2138

Suitable for helicopters, transports and modest-signature jets.

1 x 2 x 8 in.

394 g

1370-01-503-1455

High-intensity profile, sealed flare.

1 x 2 x 8 in.

415 g

1370-01-508-9534

Suitable for helicopters, transports and jets.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

28 VDC, <15W standby *

63

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARES MODEL

EXP TYPE

EJECT METHOD

COMPATIBILITY

Chemring Countermeasures Ltd; Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK; +44 (0)1722 411611; www.chemringcm.com 118 Mk3 Type 1

MTV flare

CCM11 Mk1 impulse cartridge

All 1 x 1-in. compatible dispensers

218 Mk3 Type 1

MTV flare

CCM21 Mk1 impulse cartridge

All 2 x 1-in. compatible dispensers

26mm Mk8 Type 1

MTV flare

CCM26 Mk1 Type 1 impulse cartridge

All 26-mm compatible dispensers

50mm Mk3 Type 2

MTV flare

CCM50 Mk2 Type 2 impulse cartridge

All 50-mm compatible dispensers

55mm

MTV flare

Pyro

All 55-mm compatible dispensers

Etienne LACROIX; Muret; ; + 33 5 61 67 79 32; www.etienne-lacroix.com LIR 110

MTV - free fall

Pyro

AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems

LIR 111

Spectral - free fall

Pyro

AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems

LIR 121

Spectral - free fall

Pyro

AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems

LIR 360 Type 1

MTV - free fall

Pyro

AN/ALE-39, -47 or equivalent systems

LIR 410

MTV - free fall

Pyro

MBDA Spirale/Spectra

Israel Military Industries; Ramat Hasharon, Israel; +972-8-89242684; www.imi-israel.com FG-3

MTV flare

M796 or BBU-35 impulse cartridge

ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240, M-130

FG-6

MTV flare

BBU-36/B

ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240, M-130

MULTI BLU

MTV flare

M796

ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240

Kilgore Flares Company, LLC; Toone, TN, USA; +1-731-658-5231; www.kilgoreflares.com

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

64

M206

MTV flare

BBU-35/B or M796 impulse cartridge

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

MJU-7A/B

MTV flare

BBU-36/B impulse cartridge

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

MJU-53/B

MTV flare

BBU-36/B impulse cartridge

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

M212

Spectral flare

BBU-35/B or M796 impulse cartridge

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

KC-002

MTV flare

BBU-36/B impulse cartridge

ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers

Rheinmetall Waffe Munition; Unterluess, ; +49 5827 80 6827; www.rheinmetall-defence.com DM69 A2

Area flare

pyro

ALE-40, -47, M10, etc.

BIRDIE 118

Spectral flare

pyro

ALE-40, -47, M10, M130, etc.

BIRDIE 218

Spectral flare

pyro

ALE-40, -47, M10, M130, etc.

Wallop Defence Systems; Middle Wallop, Hampshire, UK; +44 (0) 1264 781456; www.wallopdefence.com 118 Spectral (DSTL 02)

Spectral flare

pyro

ALE-40, -45, -47, Vicon 78, etc.

218 Spectral (dual – HS2S Mk.1 and DSTL 24)

Spectral flare

pyro

ALE-40, -45, -47, Vicon 78, etc.

Spectral (HS6S)

Spectral flare

pyro

ALE-39B, ALE-47, Vicon 78

SIZE

WEIGHT

NATO #

FEATURES

180 g

1370-99-051-9514

Advanced MTV, spectral, aerodynamic and thrusted variants are also available in this format.

2 x 1 x 8 in.

380 g

1370-99-225-5931

Advanced MTV, spectral, aerodynamic and thrusted variants are also available in this format.

26 x 86 mm

76 g

1370-99-985-9089

Direct fit and form replacement for the Former Soviet Union (FSU) L056V type flare. Spectral variant is also available in this format.

50 x 202 mm

620 g

1370-99-341-9148

Direct replacement to existing Russian PPI-50 flares, and will readily fit into those dispensers already installed into FSU Aircraft. Spectral variant is also available in this format.

55 x 200 mm

725 g

1370-99-873-3088

Single and mutli-shot, advanced MTV and spectral variants are also available in this format.

1 x 1 x 8 in.

180 g

1370-14-564-1179

Conventional MTV IR decoy for helicopters and transports.

2 x 1 x 8 in.

175 g

1370-14-564-7067

Spectral flare for helicopters and transports.

5 x 1 x 8 in.

370 g

1370-14-565-0595

Spectral flare for fast jets.

36 dia. X 148 mm

250 g

1370-14-554-4264

Conventional MTV IR decoy for fast jets.

40 dia. x 150 mm

300 g

1370-14-564-7072

Conventional MTV IR decoy for fast jets.

25 x 25 x 205 mm

*

*

Equivalent to M-206.

25 x 51 x 205 mm

*

*

Equivalent to MJU-7B.

25 x 25 x 205 mm

230 g

*

For helicopter protection.

1 x 1 x 8 in.

180 g

1370-01-048-2138

Conventional MTV used in the AIRCMM and MIDAS solutions.

1 x 2 x 8 in.

370 g

1370-01-296-8395

Conventional MTV used for transport, helicopters and jets.

1 x 2 x 8 in.

370 g

1370-01-503-1455

Conventional MTV, sequenced ignition, high intensity, marinized.

1 x 1 x 8 in.

180 g

1370-01-460-1687, 1370-01-534-3060

Spectral sequenced flare used in the AIRCMM solution.

1 x 2 x 8 in.

370 g

*

Conventional MTV .

1 x 2 x 8 in.

360 g

1370-12-336-6251

Masking capability.

1 x 1 x 8 in.

150 g

1370-12-368-0173

High bi-spectral decoy.

2 x 1 x 8 in.

305 g

1370-12-366-5771

High bi-spectral decoy.

25 x 25 x 205 mm

140 g

1370-99-812-6042

Protects Lynx, Puma, CH-47, C-130 AH-64 and others.

25 x 50 x 205 mm each

268 g and 250 g

1370-99-235-6484 and 1370-99-133-6543

Protects F-16, C-130, AV-8B and others.36 mm

36 dia. x 148 mm

280 g

1370-99-968-3342

F/A-18, P-3, MH-60.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

1 x1 x 8 in.

65

Survey Key – Airborne IR Expendables and Dispensers AIRBORNE DISPENSERS MODEL Product name or model number EXP TYPE Each type of expendable that is compatible with the dispenser • IR = infrared • RF = radio frequency • EO = electro-optical

AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARES MODEL Product name or model number EXP TYPE Expendable type • MTV = Magnesium/Teflon/Viton EJECT METHOD Ejection method – Pyro or some other method • Pyro = pyrotechnic

QUANTITY Quantity of expendables that can be carried by a dispenser unit PROGRAMMABLE INTERFACE

66

Interface for control • MIL-STD = military standards • PPD = pulse position data • CAN = controller area network

COMPATIBILITY Which types of dispensers will accommodate the IR decoy? SIZE Height x width x length, or diameter, in inches or millimeters WEIGHT Weight in grams

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

NATO NUMBER PWR CONSUMED In standby mode and when expending, in Watts (W) • VAC = volts alternating current SIZE Height x width x length, or diameter, in inches or centimeters

NATO stock number, if applicable FEATURES Additional features • CCMs = calibration and control materials • AIRCMM = Advanced Infrared Countermeasure Munition OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED

WEIGHT Weight in lb/kg FEATURES Additional features • RTM = resin transfer molding • A/C = aircraft • LRU = line replaceable unit • NVG = night vision goggles • GSE = ground equipment

• opt = option/optional • config = configuration • < = greater than • > = less than • * Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer was given.

AUGUST 2011 PRODUCT SURVEY: SIGINT/DF Antennas This survey will cover antennas used for Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) and Direction Finding (DF). Please e-mail [email protected] to request a questionnaire.

MARK YOUR CALENDAR for the 48th

Annual AOC International Symposium & Convention

This year’s theme is “Victory Through the Electro-Magnetic Spectrum” November 13-16, 2011 • Marriott Wardman Park Hotel • Washington, DC

This is a CAN’T-MISS EVENT for Electronic Warfare and Information Operations professionals EW leaders from government, military, industry and academia will converge in our nation’s capital for four days of discussions on how to achieve dominance in all warfighting domains.

Learn about the STRATEGIC GOALS FOR EW in military operations… Professional Development Courses • Discussions Cutting-Edge Presentations • Classified Sessions

…and visit the Exhibit Hall to CHECK OUT THE LATEST products and technology. Networking Events • Technology Showcase Ground-Breaking Research

Any EW professional that wants a greater understanding of what Electronic Warfare and Information Operations provides for the warfighter in modern conflicts needs to attend the 48th Annual AOC International Symposium & Convention.

VISIT CROWS.ORG AND CLICK ON EVENTS

EW 101

Spectrum Warfare – Part 2

Connectivity By Dave Adamy

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ast month, we discussed the impact of location on the application of (or defense against) kinetic weapons. This concept requires that distributed assets be networked – which requires connectivity. Because of our dependence on connectivity in our daily lives and business, an enemy can also cause us real damage by attacking the connectivity itself. Consider the economic impact of having our banking system, our rail infrastructure or our air transportation capability shut down. All of these, along with many more aspects of our modern economic and military capabilities, are so dependant on connectivity that a radio frequency or cyber attack could cause significant physical damage, loss of military capability or devastating disruption of economic activity. Before discussing attacks on connectivity in more detail, it will be useful to discuss the nature of connectivity from a technical point of view. Connectivity can be thought of as any technique for the movement of information from one location or “player” to another. The medium can be wire, radio propagation, optical propagation or audio propagation. We must also consider the most basic connectivity; Between two people, two devices (e.g., computers) or between devices and people.

All of the simplest techniques share the advantages of simplicity of implementation and robustness. It is very hard to “jam” this kind of connectivity. It also requires that an enemy be relatively close to intercept transmitted information. That said, security requires diligent measures to prevent an enemy from successfully employing techniques like hidden microphones or cameras, or even monitoring reflections from lasers bounced off windows. However, all of these simple connectivity techniques have the immense disadvantage of short range. Increasing the range requires sending a messenger or relaying the information. Both techniques cause significant increase in complexity, reduce security against interception and reduce the reliability and confidence in the accuracy of the information ed. Thus, it becomes advantageous, even necessary, to employ technical transmission paths and techniques to extend the range – perhaps by a few kilometers or perhaps to some significantly different part of the Earth.

Connectivity Requirements Regardless of which connectivity technique is employed, from the simplest to the most complex, the requirements

The most basic connectivity In its simplest form, connectivity can be one person talking (or yelling over a distance) to another person, or optically transmitting information. Examples of person-to-person optical transmission are writing on a surface for others to read, holding up a sign, code with a steady or flashing light and use of signaling flags (or perhaps smoke). All are, in fact used to some extent in almost all of the most sophisticated military and civilian systems. Even when more technical transmission techniques are used, the input of information from humans is by voice or physical input of data from a keyboard or other touch device. Getting the information to another human being can only be done through the senses of hearing, vision or touch.

Optical Information BW ~ 375 GHz 24 pictures/sec

Audible Information BW ~ 15 kHz ~ 240 words/min

Figure 1: Human connectivity is limited by physical bandwidth and data format factors.

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shown in Table 1 must be met. First consider the simplest connectivity techniques and the characteristics of the information ed:

your cell phone at about 1000 Hz. However, tactile communication is generally limited to alarms that point to more detailed audio or video information.

To or From People

Between Machines

Table 1: Connectivity Requirements REQUIREMENT

LEVEL

Bandwidth

Adequate to carry highest frequency component of information at required throughput rate.

Latency

Short enough to allow an activity loop to operate with required performance.

Throughput rate

Adequate to information at required speed.

Information fidelity

Adequate to allow recovery of required information from a received transmission.

Message security

Adequate to protect the information for the duration of its usefulness to an enemy.

Transmission security

Adequate to prevent a enemy from detecting a transmission in time to prevent required transmission or to locate a transmitter in time to make an effective attack on it or to determine electronic order of battle in time to effect a military operation.

Interference rejection

Adequate to provide required information fidelity in the operating environment.

Jamming resistance

Adequate to prevent an enemy with the anticipated jamming capability and geometry from preventing the achievement of adequate information fidelity.

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Figure 1 shows connectivity with a person. Machine-to-machine or computer-to-computer connectivity Voice communication: If you have perfect hearing, your is shown in Figure 2. Because computers and other controlled ears can handle about 15 kHz, but most information is carmachines are not limited to human connectivity rates, this ried by speech in approximately 4 kHz. Actually, a telephone communication can have much wider bandwidth. Machines circuit allows only 300 to 3400 Hz to carry the voice signal. In can be direct-wired to each other, using either parallel or seorder for us to process received data it must be organized into rial interconnectivity, or can be interconnected using a local syllables or words. We can hear and process about 240 words area network (LAN). The LAN can interconnect machines by per minute. Optical communication: Your eyes Serial or Parallel have much wider bandwidth. If you can ELECTRONIC ELECTRONIC Interface see the full rainbow, you can calculate EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT the bandwidth of your eyes from the red to violet spectrum at about 375,000 GHz. However, we see and process whole scenes through our eyes. We can see a new scene 24 times per second. Note COMPUTER that we see changes in color detail about half that fast, and can see light LOCAL and dark details (luminance) in our peCOMPUTER AREA ripheral vision faster. A very practical NETWORK value to consider is the effective bandwidth at which we get visual data might Cabled, RF be an analog color television signal – a or Optical little less than 4 MHz wide. Links COMPUTER Tactile communication: You can probably detect vibration at close to the frequencies you can hear. For example, you can easily detect the vibration of Figure 2: Short range machine connectivity can be direct or through a cabled, RF or optical LAN.

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digital cable, by RF link, or by optical link. The rates can be from a few Hertz to Gigahertz.

Long Range Information Transmission

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Now consider the longer-range connectivity techniques that move information from one human location to another (or from one computer location to another). We will consider each of the requirements in Table 1. As shown in Figure 3, the bandwidth at the point at which the information is input must be adequate to accept that data. However, the bandwidth over which it is transmitted may be different. If the data flow must be continuous, the transmission path must have the full input data bandwidth. However, if the input data is not continuous or has a varying data flow rate, it can be transmitted at a lower rate. Practical systems that perform this way digitize the data and clock it into a at the sending end of the link. Then, the data is clocked out of the at a lower rate, which allows a narrower transmission bandwidth. At the receiving end, the data can (if required) be input to another and clocked out at its original data rate. There are two other factors that impact the required transmission bandwidth. One is latency and the second is throughput rate.

SOURCE DATA

SHIFT

Latency is the delay in the received data compared to the transmitted data. A good demonstration of latency is a news broadcast involving a local host talking to a reporter who is half a world away. The host asks a question and the reporter is shown standing there looking like an idiot for a few seconds before answering. The host’s question travels about 85,000 km to and from a satellite at the speed of light, which takes about 2.5 seconds. The reporter’s response takes another 2.5 seconds to reach the host’s location. The process latency causes the observed 5 seconds of blankness on the reporter’s face. There is additional latency between the host’s location and your television set, but you do not notice it because the constant delay allows you to see a continuous flow of data. Latency becomes critical when the connectivity is inside a process loop. Let’s say you are far away trying to manually land an unmanned aerial vehicle. With any significant latency, it would take extraordinary skill to avoid crashing the aircraft by over controlling. The less latency you can tolerate, the less transmission bandwidth reduction you can use. The propagation time vs. distance is, of course, also a latency factor. Throughput rate is the average rate at which information flows. In general,

TRANSMITTED DATA

SHIFT

DELAYED OUTPUT DATA

Figure 3: High bandwidth, non-continuous source data can be transmitted at a lower rate and returned to its original format at the receiver, but with latency.

individual pieces of very wideband data can be transmitted over limited bandwidth by spreading them in time. However, if the average rate of information flow is higher than the transmission bandwidth, the latency increases until the process crashes. A simple example of this phenomenon is an individual speaking in a foreign language with limited fluency. The foreign listener typically does not know some of the words used. That person can follow a conversation at some rate, but must mentally review what has been said to pull unknown words out of context. This review process is part of the information path, and thus narrows the effective transmission bandwidth. If the native speaker continues at too high a rate, the listener’s review process delay increases the latency until the foreign listener cannot follow the conversation. In computer-to-computer communication, an analogous process is the storage of wideband data until there is a pause or a period of lower bandwidth data that allows the receiving computer to put the whole data stream back into the proper format to be processed out. The amount of latency allowable depends on the available memory in the receiving computer. When this memory overflows because of excess throughput rate, the process crashes. Typically, a networked system will get in trouble because of the required throughput rate rather than the peak data rate. We will be discussing this factor in the context of specific EW tasks later in this series.

What’s Next Next month, we will continue our discussion of basic connectivity requirements. For your comments and suggestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at [email protected]. a

2011 Candidates for President-Elect Vote for One (1)

Lt Gen Robert J. Elder, Jr., USAF, (Ret.) Robert Elder ed the research faculty at George Mason University’s Volgenau School of Engineering following his retirement from the Air Force in 2009. As the Commander of 8th Air Force and US Strategic Command’s Global Strike Component, he was responsible for nine wings and one direct reporting unit with 270 aircraft and 41,000 active duty, civilian, and reserve personnel. General Elder was the first commander of Air Force Network Operations and led the development of the cyberspace mission for the Air Force. He possesses combat experience as an air operations center commander with 83 combat flying hours and has held senior staff positions in Washington, Europe, and the Middle East. General Elder served as the Commandant of the Air War College, and holds a doctorate in engineering from the University of Detroit. General Elder was appointed an AOC Director in 2009, and was elected as an At Large Director in 2010. He was the principle author of the AOC White Paper, “21st Century Electronic Warfare,” and now chairs the AOC’s Senior Advisory Board. He has been an AOC member since 1982.

Lt Col Jesse Bourque, Jr., USAF (Ret.) Jesse Bourque served 20 years in the United States Air Force, retiring as Lieutenant Colonel in June 2010. As a career Electronic Warfare Officer, he flew the AC-130H Spectre Gunship and MC-130H Combat Talon II for nearly 3,000 total hours over 15 years of continuous combat-ready aviation service, in near constant with of the military services of numerous US Allied and partner nations. His combat/operational deployments and combat

operations include operations UPHOLD DEMOCRACY, DENY FLIGHT, ALLIED FORCE, NOBLE ANVIL, PROVIDE HOPE, T ENDEAVOR, ENDURING FREEDOM and other unnamed operations. During that time, Mr. Bourque served as the Special Operations expert for four deployed combat staffs, ing operations in Bosnia, Somalia, Serbia, and Haiti. After his aviation service, he was posted to the Air Force IO Center, from which he was promptly deployed to OIF to serve as the Director of the MNC-I EW Cell. During this deployment, he deconstructed and rebuilt existing processes, increased asset availability/efficiency, added operators to the Cell, resulting in increased to SOF, shifted focus from reactive to proactive use of EW assets, and reduced numbers of Coalition Force killed and wounded. As a result of his efforts, Mr. Bourque was requested by name to help build US Strategic Command’s newly reinstated t Electronic Warfare Center, as its Operations Officer. During this posting, his expertise in EW, planning, organizational dynamics, operational analysis, communication, presentation and networking were directly responsible for elevating the flagging condition of t EW to the attention of officers and civilians at the highest levels of the Department of Defense. Since 2008, Mr. Bourque has served on the AOC’s Board of Directors, actively engaging in discussions shaping the status and future directions of the Association. In recognition of his contributions, he was appointed and now serves as the Association’s Secretary on the Executive Committee, indicating the exceptional faith and trust placed in him by the most senior of the Association’s leadership. His 57 career military awards include the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal (2), Air Medal (4), Air Force Aerial Achievement Medal (5), t Service Commendation Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal (2), t Service Achievement Medal, Air Force Achievement Medal (2), Combat Readiness Medal (5), Air Force Recognition Ribbon, Iraq Campaign Medal (2), Kosovo Campaign Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (4), Global War on Terrorism Medal (2), Humanitarian Service Medal, and the NATO Medal, et al.

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Election Guide

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Events for International Attendees

INFOWARCON August 29-September 1, 2011 The NATO School | Oberammergau, Our intensive three-day conference explores regional threats and the emerging technologies used by cyber professionals—from government, military, industry and academia—to defend against cyber-warfare, electronic attack and information warfare.

The AOC is co-sponsored by EUCOM and the NATO IO School to present the InfowarCon Europe 2011 Conference. Don’t miss this unique conference! Key individuals will present thought-provoking viewpoints on information operations issues and the battle for ideas and information. Interactive sessions and discussions give you access to experts and professionals to answer your questions and provide solutions.

The conference explores: The use of new media to uprisings in Egypt, Maghreb and elsewhere Exploiting commercial cyber intelligence Importance of EW in cyber Military ops on commercial infrastructure Introducing communications into denied areas

AOC Educational Courses The field of EW is an increasingly complex one, and it’s important to provide students with knowledge to understand what EW provides for the warfighter in modern conflicts. The AOC’s re-launched professional development program provides military, government and industry professionals with the tools to perform in today’s environment and create developmental strategies superior to potential adversary capabilities.

Course

Dates

Instructor

Location

Fundamental Principles of EW

July 11-15

Dave Adamy

Alexandria, VA

Introduction to Information Operations (IO)

August 2-5

Leigh Armistead

Alexandria, VA

Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles

August 4-5

John Minor

Palmdale, CA

Introduction to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)

August 8-12

John Minor

Palmdale, CA

Electro-Optics & Infrared (EO/IR) Fundamentals for EW Engineers and Managers

August 15-19

John Minor

Palmdale, CA

ELINT and Modern Signals

September 20-23

Dick Wiley

Alexandria, VA

ECM Effectiveness Evaluation Course

September or October (TBD)

Trevor Tucker

TBD

Advanced EW

October (TBD)

Dave Adamy

Alexandria, VA

*Accurate at time of printing. Schedule updates are posted on the AOC website.

For more information, visit crows.org or call +1-703-549-1600.

Mr. Bourque is now employed with the Northrop Grumman Corporation, Technical Services sector, in the integration and development of EM Spectrum Warfare capabilities and opportunities.

William R. “Buck” Clemons

CAPT Douglas Swoish, USN (Ret.) Doug has actively served the IO/EW community and the AOC for more than 31 years, in uniform and industry. He was honored with the AOC’s Colonel Anton D. Brees Life Achievement Award (LAA) in 2009, for his involvement at the international, national, regional and local levels. While in uniform, Doug served in a variety of naval command, operational, and Washington, DC, leadership positions. He commanded two EA-6B squadrons in

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Buck Clemons was re-elected to his second term as a member of the Board of Directors in 2008. He wishes to continue his service to help the Association through these times of change as President. As the AOC adapts to a changing EW environment, he has both championed and ed the necessary adaptations to stop the fall of hip and has worked with the entire team to turn around the Association. He has actively participated in Capitol Hill Awareness Day for the past four years and has led the revitalization of the Redstone Roost. He has served on many AOC committees and actively participated in all Board activities. He chaired the 2007 Nominations and Elections Committee, successfully recruiting the essential number of candidates. He was the Chairman of the hip Committee and worked on over 16 initiatives to improve member and chapter provided by the National Headquarters. As AOC President, he hopes to advance the development of the certification/education program and the Information Operations Institute. Buck currently works as a consultant, providing business development for companies in the Huntsville/Redstone Arsenal community. He has helped companies develop and market missile warning systems, hostile fire indication systems, chaff/ flare dispenser systems, and he has completed several requirements analyses for EW systems. Most recently, he has won work with the Aviation/Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center to draft DODAF documents derived from the US Army Aircraft Survivability Initial Capabilities Document. He is actively involved in local chapter and community events. Prior to this, Buck was a Tactical Operations (TACOPS) Officer in the US Army and was the Commanders subject matter expert on EW. He attended the US Army EW Officer Course in 1998, and was tracked into TACOPS after he attended the Air Force’s t Air Operations Command and Control Course in mid-2000. After that he served tours as a TACOPS Officer in Korea and Fort Stewart, GA, where he retired from the Army.

the 1990’s, VAQ-138 which received the CNO Radford EW award, and VAQ-129, with responsibility for USN/USMC EA-6B/EW flight training. Post command, he was assigned to the t Staff/J6, where he was responsible for directing DOD’s electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) policy, interfacing with senior leadership of the OMB, NSC, OSD, FCC, NTIA, Capitol Hill and NATO. He directed a department-wide EMS reorganization to help the DOD better understand and respond to proposed US government sales of spectrum. His final military tour was as Commander, Electronic Attack Wing, US Pacific Fleet, responsible for 18 deployable EA-6B commands and 4,000 personnel in uniform. During his tours, he served on the local chapter’s board, leading chapter events and speaking at a number of international, regional and local AOC symposiums. He received the Navy League’s 2002 “iral Perry Leadership Award,” and the 2002 AOC National “Operations Award” for his efforts. Since retiring from the Navy, Doug has been employed in industry for nine years. He is currently the EA-18G Program Director/IPT lead responsible for technical AEA performance, schedule and cost at Northrop Grumman. In addition to being an industry IPT leader, he has been part of the AOC’s New York Metropolitan Chapter BOD, leading the scholarship, awards, hip and program committees. In 2009, he was awarded the Metropolitan Chapter’s “Distinguished Service Award.” Doug was elected to back-to-back tours on the AOC National Board of Directors (BOD), serving from 2002 to 2010. He served as the AOC National Treasurer from 2006 to 2009. Key staff involvement included participation on the Symposium, Awards, and Government Affairs Committees. As a member of the Executive Committee (EXCOM) he directed annual budgets, while focusing on staff and committee involvement, and growth in the reserve s. He had the challenge of addressing the economic recession in those years, and worked to ensure that the AOC was in a growth position as we exited – and it is! Doug’s platform is to continue the AOC’s growth as an association of EW professionals in uniform, in government and in industry. We need to address hip and how we grow, particularly as our association’s demographics and chapter hip are challenged in this information age. We must develop a more vibrant “network” with our national/international non-kinetic warfighters, our dedicated government acquisition professionals, and our industry teammates. In addition, we must re-invigorate our “annual Capitol Hill interface,” it is a way to educate our country’s political leadership. We need to continue economically to make the right choices in staff personnel, JED and investments, to ensure AOC grows, while remaining clearly focused on EW/EMS, in of the warfighter.

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Candidates for At-Large Director Vote for Three (3) Col Robin Vanderberry, USAF

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Robin Vanderberry is Director of USSTRATCOM’s t Electromagnetic Preparedness for Advanced Combat (JEPAC) organization, where he commands a t, multidisciplinary team coordinating with Services and ing organizations; analyzing and assessing current and future electromagnetic spectrum capabilities and vulnerabilities to provide findings, conclusions and recommendations to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, t Staff, combatant commands, Services and other appropriate agencies. Colonel Vanderberry enlisted in the Air Force in 1979 and was commissioned upon graduation from the Air Force Academy in 1985. He has held a variety of flying, staff, command and t assignments, including linguist, EW officer, instructor, evaluator, weapons officer, USAF Weapons School instructor, operational tester, command staff officer, t Test Director and Commander. Recognized as a Combat Air Forces EW and stealth expert, he was selected to serve as operational representative to the requirements development and source selection teams for the t Strike Fighter. He and his team were recognized as OSD’s NDIA Tester and Test Team of the Year for their seminal work on Electronic Protection under the JEPAC t Test. Colonel Vanderberry holds a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from USAFA and a Masters of Aeronautical Science in Aeronautics and Operations. A career EWO with more than 2,500 flying hours, he has ed operations DESERT SHIELD, DESERT STORM, DENY FLIGHT, SOUTHERN WATCH, ENDURING FREEDOM, and IRAQI FREEDOM as a combat aviator, operational planner and C2 expert. Colonel Vanderberry is focused on advancing understanding of Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations’ pivotal role in 21st century warfare.

Joseph “HULTEC” Hulsey Joe Hulsey is a 35-year EW practitioner, advocate, educator, tester and program manager. He served 21 years in the US Navy, including tours in VAQ137 and VAQ-135 EA-6B squadrons, as a flight tester in VX-5 (now VX-9) and tours as Carrier Group EWO and at Naval Air Systems Command as a Program Manager in the EA-6B program office. While at NAVAIR, his responsibilities included EA-6B R&D efforts, ALQ-99 jammers, EW mission planning and integrating HARM on the EA-6B. HARM integration was accomplished in just 18 months. Since his retirement from the Navy in 1989, he has been an industry program manager for a multitude of EW programs,

including the ALQ-149, USQ-113, IDECM, Com Call, TEAMS mission planning system, EA-6B ICAP III and, most notably, the EA-18G program. Funding for the USQ-113 and EA-6B ICAP III was in part the result of his congressional lobbying efforts. Joe has worked with the Navy, Marine Corps, Army and Air Force in defining, developing, ing and leading the development of EW systems. He now works in Business Development. Joe currently teaches EW and IW for American Military University and EW courses for the AOC.

Col Marc L. “Mags” Magram, USMC (Ret.) Marc Magram recently retired after serving more than 25 years in the United States Marine Corps. In July 2010, he became the Senior Principal Analyst for Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology. While in the Marine Corps, he flew A-6E Intruder and EA-6B Prowler aircraft, accruing more than 3,000 flight hours. During his USMC career, Colonel Magram held several squadron level and department head positions and served as both the Executive and Commanding Officer of VMAQ-4. His operational experience includes deployments in of operations IRAQI FREEDOM, NORTHERN WATCH, DENY FLIGHT, DECISIVE ENDEAVOR as well as numerous unit deployments to Iwakuni, Japan. In 2005, Colonel Magram was tasked with re-standing the t Electronic Warfare Center in San Antonio, TX, and he served as its first Director until August 2008 making operational of EW the hallmark of his service. He completed his military career with a two-year overseas tour to III MEF, Okinawa, Japan, where he forward deployed to Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. He holds a Bachelors of Science Degree from Rutgers University and a Master of Arts Degree from Air University, Maxwell AFB. His personal decorations include the Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, as well as other awards and ribbons. He was the 2008 recipient of the AOC’s Executive Management Award. Marc is seeking an AOC Director at Large position to continue serving t Electronic Warfare and ensuring the AOC remains the pre-eminent organization among EW/IO professionals as we prepare for the challenging road ahead.

LtCol Ronald D. “Fog” Hahn, USMC (Ret.) Mr. Hahn served twenty years in the United States Marine Corps, retiring in August 2005. As a Naval Flight Officer, he flew EA-6B’s and accrued more than 2,000 flight hours in the Prowler. Mr. Hahn’s deployments in of combat operations include operations NORTHERN WATCH, DENY

Lisa K. Frugé Lisa Frugé’s career in EW began in 1997 as a Palace Acquire Intern for International Logistics at Robins AFB, GA, ing the AOC in 1998. From 1997 to 2006, Lisa worked intra-agency policy associated with the release of EW critical technologies on numerous EW and sensor programs including ALR-69, ALQ131, ALQ-184, ALR-62 and the ALQ-213. Lisa ed TERMA in 2006 as their Senior Program Manager, assisting with standing up the company’s North American office. At TERMA, Lisa was responsible for domestic US Air Force and Foreign Military Sales EW production and integration programs. In 2009, Lisa ed BAE Systems as its Field Marketing USAF Systems and Requirements Manager in Warner Robins, GA. As President of the Dixie Crow Chapter in 2010, Lisa led the Chapter to receive double honors: the AOC’s 2010 Large Chapter of the Year and the 2010 Chapter with the largest increase of hip. In her fourth year, Lisa continues to lead the Dixie Crow Chapter’s steadily increasing Annual Education Foundation Budget (now $43K), ing Houston County High School Seniors and local colleges and universities, as well as our military and civilian workforce. In addition, Lisa has been a driving force for the Annual Southern Regional EW Technical Symposium for the past seven years, serving as either the Technical Committee Chair or Chapter President. If elected to the AOC Board, Lisa has two goals that she believes will make our organization more creditable and relevant: 1. Advancing educational opportunities through mentorship and scholarships to improve our profession.

2. Improving access to technology for our international partners while maintaining proper security controls.

Mark Schallheim Mr. Schallheim has been an EW Engineer and Manager at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Point Mugu, for over 35 years. He is currently the NAVAIR EMS Dominance Chief Engineer. He has spent most of his government career leading a government and industry engineering team ing EA-6B, EA-18G, NGJ AEA systems, and other EA programs. In addition to new acquisition and organic software and system to deployed Navy and USMC forces, he has ed Air Force and Army EA. He provided EW Engineer SMEs to Army Headquarters during the standup of the EW Division, and personally provided EW Analyst to Colonel Laurie Moe Buckhout. He has also been involved in t and international EW research and development since the 1970s. Mark’s past EW accomplishments and leadership roles include: AEA AoA; Counter IED; Intrepid Tiger; EA-18G AEA SDD; and EA-6B acquisition and Block upgrades, including integration of receivers, jammers, Link 16, HARM, EW battle management, threat database and mission planning systems. Mark’s education includes BSEE and MSEE from University of California, as well as an MBA. ing AOC in 1983, Mark has a ion for the advancement of EW technology and operations. He has served for four years as the Mugu Crows Chapter President, and he has sponsored annual scholarships, community outreach, multiple EW educational luncheons and expanded the scope of the Point Mugu Annual EW Symposium. As Director, he will focus on promoting EW awareness, AOC growth and education, and collaboration between EW and Intel, cyber, JEMSO and others.

CAPT Kenneth “Kilo” Parks, USN (Ret.) Kenneth “Kilo” Parks has been actively engaged in the EW and IO communities for over 33 years. He is a recognized leader both in and out of uniform. After graduating from the University of Mississippi, he was commissioned an Ensign in the US Navy and reported for flight school training earning his ‘Wings of Gold’ in 1977. He is a retired Naval Officer with more than 26 years of military operational experience. He has served in the EW/ IO arena at the highest levels of leadership. Ken has led three EW/IO military commands: Commanding the Fleet Information Warfare Center, Electronic Attack Squadron 129 (VAQ 129) and Electronic Attack Squadron 139 (VAQ 139). Additionally, he has worked numerous EW/IO issues at the OPNAV, SYSCOM and TYCOM levels.

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FLIGHT, SOUTHERN WATCH, ALLIED FORCE, T ENDEAVOR, ENDURING FREEDOM, and IRAQI FREEDOM. Mr. Hahn served as the Command EW Officer for USCENTCOM during Operation ENDURING FREEDOM and Special Operations Team Chief for USSOCOM, deploying in of operations ENDURING FREEDOM and IRAQI FREEDOM. Following his retirement from military service, Mr. Hahn was hired as a Department of the Air Force Civil Servant (GG14) and served as the JIOWC Special Operations Deputy Team Chief. In the summer of 2006, he assumed the duties of Deputy Director of the t Electronic Warfare Center (JEWC) and, in April 2008, was promoted to GG-15. Mr. Hahn holds a Bachelors of Science Degree in Economics from the University of Delaware and a Masters of Arts Degree in Military Science from American University. His personal military awards include the Bronze Star, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal Heroic with combat V and gold star, Strike Flight Air Medal with numeral “5,” Air Force Aerial Achievement Medal, t Service Commendation Medal, Navy-Marine Commendation Medal with gold star and the Navy-Marine Corps Achievement Medal. As a civil servant, Mr. Hahn has been awarded the Air Force Exemplary Civilian Service Award and Global War on Terrorism Medal.

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Ken is a recognized leader in EW and integrated air defense systems (IADS). As an instructor at Naval Strike Warfare Center (NSWC), he was the Red Force Commander for Carrier Air Wing training. He also occupied a Red Force position at the Nellis AFB complex during the same period. His awards include the David R. Dillon Inspirational Leadership Award, EA-6B Instructor of the Year for the Fleet Replacement Squadron (VAQ 129), Tailhooker of the Year and Top Hook (Top Recruiter) for the Tailhook Association. Ken has worked at various levels within local Roosts from Roost member (Prowler Roost), to Chairman of committees to Tidewater Chapter President. His accomplishments have included increasing hip in the Tidewater Chapter and reengaging various EW/IO commands locally and on the national scene. At the National level he has served as an AOC At-Large Director and Treasurer. Ken is currently a Business Development Manager in industry, specializing in EW and C4I issues and programs. He has worked or led numerous programs, including Counter Improvised Explosive Device (CIED), FORCEnet Requirements and Assessments and Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for numerous EW and IO systems. If elected, he will work to increase and broaden hip in the AOC, much like he has achieved at the chapter level.

Vincent J. Battaglia

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Vince has previously served on the Board of Directors as the Southern Pacific Regional Director. He also serves as President of the Greater Los Angeles AOC Chapter, a position he has held since 1998. As a member of the AOC since 1972, he has actively participated in many conventions, conferences, symposiums and focus studies in of the AOC. He is a recipient of the AOC’s Management medal, the Technology Award and the Lifetime Achievement Award. Vince is currently employed at Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems and is a member of the Electronics Center Technical Staff. He has held prior technical and business management positions with Northrop, Litton, Varian, AIL and ITT. Vince received a Bachelor of Science Degree at City University of NY, a Master’s Degree in Physics from Adelphi University and an Executive Master’s Degree in Business Management from Northwestern University. As an AOC Director, Vince will provide his experience, energies and commitment to growing the AOC’s role and visibility at the forefront of the military defense community. His broad community recognition and personal relationships will benefit the AOC in getting its message presented and accepted. His proactive management style will assist in bringing together the AOC’s overall organizational strength to the individual chapters and to the National Headquarters. Vince is a strong er of the importance of recognizing the organizations and the individual chapters.

Col Stan L. VanderWerf, USAF (Ret.) Col Stan VanderWerf, USAF (Ret.), completed his military career earlier this year with extensive EW, combatant command, program office, intelligence, t and international assignments. As the Chief, EW/Avionics Division, at Robins AFB, GA, he ran a 380-person organization with 450-plus products in use DOD-wide. He was responsible for development, procurement and sustainment of 26,000 stock-listed items with over 1 million fielded systems; ran one of its EW reprogramming centers; and led a large EW Foreign Military Sales office serving more than 30 countries. As co-chair of the Air Force’s EW Technical Advisory Group (TAG), he contributed to Air Force-wide enterprise-level EW strategy, doctrine, organization, training, material, leadership and facilities improvements. In addition, he developed a vision for future EW and contributed to the development of the Air Force’s new EW Vision 2030. Stan served as an integrated Surface to Air Missile systems analyst at the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. He has served t tours at SOCOM, CENTCOM, and NORTHCOM, and as a former Defense Contract Management Agency Commander. He is a Distinguished Graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and holds Industrial Engineering, International Relations, and National Resource Strategy Degrees. Stan has been published on numerous EW topics and has conducted research into IO doctrine. Colonel VanderWerf is interested in using his experience to help the AOC and its improve EW and IO capabilities and make the AOC more relevant to the government, industry and our coalition partners.

Douglas “Chopper” Lamb Douglas “Chopper” Lamb is a 28year Air Force veteran with nearly 3,000 fighter hours who has been actively involved in developing EW requirements based on war experiences and testing fighter EW capabilities. Chopper’s EW experience includes combat in Viet Nam, working closely with engineers and flight testing. In the 422nd Fighter Weapons Squadron he was the F-15 Tactical Electronic Warfare System (TEWS) flight test manager. In HQ USAF, Chopper was actively involved in POM development and achieving funding for new EW capabilities. He managed test range programs and facilities used to develop, test and conduct EW training. In DIA as the Technology Assessments Group Chief, he was responsible for developing Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) studies and validated Services’ threat documents required to acquire and test EW systems. Chopper managed the DOD’s Foreign Materiel Acquisition/Exploitation activities leading to improvements in our EW systems against major threats.

Currently, at SAIC he is involved in EW systems development. Chopper is an active member in the Capitol Chapter, holding numerous positions including President and Chairman of the Capitol Chapter/Naval Research Laboratory Annual Technical EW Symposium. While President, the Capitol Chapter won the AOC’s Outstanding Large Chapter Award for 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Chopper seeks a National Board of Director position to continue advocating increased EW/IO capabilities for warfighters and to identify and implement activities to stimulate AOC hip growth and participation at all levels. He also plans to focus on increasing multi-national participation in all AOC activities to foster association growth.

Mr. Hayden is the Director, Plans and Programs, National Air and Space Intelligence Center, WPAFB, OH. He is responsible for the Center’s strategic planning, programming, readiness and operational requirements. His career spans 35 years within the state and federal government.

Candidate for Southern Region Director Col Wesley J. Heidenreich, USAF (Ret.) Mr. Heidenreich first ed the Association of Old Crows (AOC) in 1973, near the beginning of his 39-plus-year career in EW. He currently serves on the AOC National BOD as the Southern Regional Director, and as Chairman of the Board’s Constitution and Bylaws Committee. Wes’ 30-year military career mostly involved work in the defense suppression arena, followed by continuing employment as a defense contractor. During this time, he’s been actively involved in three AOC chapters, culminating with the Dixie Crow Chapter where he currently serves as Immediate Past President. Wes has served four years as Chapter president, four years as Chapter Secretary, one year as Chapter Treasurer, and three years as Chapter Advisor. Additionally, Wes is active in helping to organize and conduct the annual Dixie Crow Regional Technical Symposium, which generates approximately $43,000 per year in scholarships and grants for deserving military, civil service, and dependent personnel pursuing educational degrees. For his work in ing the AOC, Wes was recognized in 2010 with a National Lifetime Achievement Award.

“As the current Southern Regional Director, I’d appreciate the opportunity to continue serving our . The knowledge and expertise I’ve been fortunate enough to gain over the past several years will serve me well in working to expand the AOC’s already excellent for individual , while simultaneously encouraging continuation of the record growth in corporate sponsorships that the Association has enjoyed over the past few years.”

Candidate for Mountain-West Region Director Lt Col Wayne L. Shaw, USAF (Ret.) Wayne is a retired US Air Force officer working for Booz Allen Hamilton. His military decorations include bronze stars, air medals, the Navy “Battle E” and the Navy Commendation medal. He has served as an EWO in the B-52, B-1B, EF-111, and the EA6B. Wayne was Department Head of a Navy squadron and then an instructor at the EA-6B Weapons School. On the Air Staff, he was the programmer for USAF EW programs (e.g., MALD-J). As CENTCOM’s EW Shop Chief in the Middle East for a year, he supervised

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

Stephen Hayden

Within the Foreign Technology Division, Mr. Hayden garnered national interest in utilizing foreign electro-optical assets as data sources. He rotated to Washington, DC, and represented the intelligence community on space policy discussions/decisions and traveled to Vienna, Austria, to negotiate the sensor portion of the Open Skies Treaty and crafted final treaty language. Mr. Hayden stood-up the National Policy Integration Division within the new National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) and developed working relationships with executive levels at national agencies and developed new NAIC production products/processes for executive level consumption. In 2003, he was selected to become the senior intelligence analyst for the Electronic Systems Division, bringing national attention of the electronics data work not only to the operational community but also to the seniors within DOD. As Director of the C4/Net Warfare Squadron at NASIC, Mr. Hayden was responsible for guiding an 85 member staff in providing C4 network defense intelligence and involved in implementing and directing the Comprehensive National Cyber Initiative within NASIC. As Senior Intelligence Officer for the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Technical Collection and Analysis office in Washington, DC, Mr. Hayden created new policy and processes for intelligence to acquisition programs.

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from all US military services, as well as coalition personnel, and worked operational EW and RF spectrum issues from all domains for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. At the t EW Center, he worked on the “EW Functional Solutions Analysis,” before retiring from the Air Force in 2009. Now, working in the JIOWC for JFCOM on the t IO Range, he is charged with injecting more EW into IOR events. Wayne has grassroots AOC experience as a small chapter president in the late 1980s, when his chapter won “Chapter of the Year.” He was also Red River Chapter President in the early 1990s. He received awards for contributions to EW and was the USAF recipient of the AOC t EW award in 2009, and voted by his fellow chapter Board as the 2009 and 2010 Billy Mitchell Chapter “Director of the Year.”

Candidate for Northeast Region Director Charles Benway

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Mr. Benway is a Past President of the Patriot’s Roost Chapter and current Member of the Board of Directors. He is an active member of the Annual Net-centric Operations Conference Committee that brings together senior officials across services, government agencies and industry to discuss and move initiatives forward; and generates the majority of funds for Chapter scholarships. Charlie has more than 23 years experience managing defense programs in the areas of Cyber/Net-centric; Command, Control, Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance; Air-Delivered Weapons; Enterprise Information; and Networking and Computing. As the Oasis Systems Inc Chief Operating Officer, he led company strategic development and provided executive management of business development, program management, and all business operations. After ing Oasis in October 2001, he planned and implemented Oasis’ successful expansion growing the enterprise from 30 people and $2.5 million in annual revenues to over 400 people and $60 million in annual revenues in 2010 with a contract portfolio valued at $360M. Prior to becoming Oasis COO he was Senior Vice President, Systems Engineering Group (SEG) for ACS Defense, Inc., where he successfully developed and managed an IT, engineering, acquisition, technical and management services organization with a global technical workforce of over 650 professionals.

Charlie has taken his corporate knowledge and experience to the AOC where he has reinforced the chapter’s positive presence and impact within the New England government, corporate, and academic communities and now wishes to the Northeast Region’s continued success.

2011 On-Line Voting Instructions Beginning July 1, you can visit the AOC homepage, www.crows.org, where you will see election information and a link to electionsonline.us, the independent vendor that will conduct the on-line election. Once into the electionsonline. us website, type in your AOC member number and . The website will direct you to your ballot, where you can make your selections. If you have not ed on the AOC website, you need to use your hip number and “crows” as the . Your hip number can be found on the mailing label of your copy of JED, your hip card or you may call AOC headquarters for assistance. Your dues must be current as of May 15 to vote. If your hip has lapsed, you may call the AOC to have your access to the election activated once your dues are paid. As with past AOC elections, your ballot is secret. No one at the AOC (, directors or headquarters staff) will be able to access completed ballots during or after the elections. Electionsonline.us will hold all completed ballots, tabulate them and send the results to the AOC when the election is complete. Once you have cast your on-line vote, electionsonline. us will send you an e-mail confirming that they have received your completed ballot. Providing your e-mail address is not essential for voting, but it is necessary in order to receive e-mail confirmation that your vote was processed.

PAPER BALLOTS For those AOC who do not want to vote on-line, the AOC will provide paper ballots and election guides upon request. who prefer to vote via paper ballot may request to do so by submitting a Ballot Request Form no later than June 25, 2011. The AOC will then send out paper ballots to those July 1. As the election authenticator, electionsonline.us will open your ballot and enter your votes into the computer. To avoid any chance of a member being able to vote more than one time, you may not vote on-line after you have requested and have been sent a paper ballot. a

AOC Member Page the Rebirth of the Tidewater Crows The Tidewater Roost of the Association of Old Crows is rebuilding into a new, more focused AOC chapter. The AOC Tidewater Roost Steering Committee met this spring to discuss a way ahead for the organization. They are current-

Post your résumé on AOC Career Center, located at http://jobs.crows.org! Even if you are not currently looking for a new job, it makes sense to post your résumé – you never know what opportunities might be available. And your participation attracts more and better job listings, improves the career prospects of your fellow and strengthens your professional community at large. The AOC Career Center offers FREE and confidential résumé posting, job search control, easy job application, the ability to save jobs and much more.

to shape the future Tidewater Roost, or serve on the Board of Directors, Glorianne O’Neilin at National AOC HQ [email protected].

Find Your Logo Merchandise in the AOC Store From books to ties, coins to coffee mugs, the AOC’s online store has all the logoed merchandise you need, along with educational resources like the Es-

sentials of Electronic Warfare handbook. Online ordering is easy, so visit www.crows.org today and click on the banner for the AOC Store.

the AOC on Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter The AOC is on your favorite social networking sites. Visit us at the links below and the EW community in our online discussions: Facebook: search The Association of Old Crows (http://www.facebook.com/pages/ The-Association-of-Old-Crows/108812005833804) LinkedIn: search Association of Old Crows in groups (http://www.linkedin.com/ groups?gid=47520)

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2011

Visit the AOC Career Center

ly developing a strategic plan to make sure the roost meets the needs of the Hampton Roads . If you want to the roost, participate in the effort

Twitter: @aoccrows 79

the AOC

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AOC Industry and Institute/University SUSTAINING Agilent Technologies Applied Research Associates Inc. Argon ST BAE SYSTEMS The Boeing Company Chemring Group Plc DRS Defense Solutions Electronic Warfare Associates, Inc. Elettronica, SpA General Dynamics ITT Northrop Grumman Corporation Raytheon Company Rockwell Collins Saab TASC Thales Communications Thales Aerospace Division

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453 EWS/EDW Research AAI Corporation Advanced Concepts Advanced Testing Technologies Inc Aeronix Aethercomm, Inc. Air Scan Inc. Akon, Inc. Alion Science and Technology Alpha Design Technologies Pvt. Ltd. American Systems AMPEX Data Systems Anaren Microwave, Inc. Anatech Electronics Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc. Anritsu

Applied Geo Technologies Applied Signal Technology ARINC, Inc. Aselsan A.S. ATDI ATK Missile Systems Company Avalon Electronics, Inc. Azure Summit Technologies, Inc. Battlespace Simulations, Inc. Bharat Electronics Ltd. Blackhawk Management Corporation Booz & Allen Hamilton CACI International CAE CAP Wireless, Inc. Ceralta Technologies Inc. Clausewitz Technology Cobham DES M/A-Com Comtech PST I Crane Aerospace & Electronics Group CSIR CSP Associates Cubic Defense Curtiss-Wright Controls Embedded Computing CyberVillage Networkers Inc. DARE Electronics Inc. dB Control Defence R&D Canada Defense Research Associates Inc. Delta Microwave DHPC Technologies, Inc. Dynetics, Inc. EADS Deutschland GmbH, Defense Electronics Elcom Technologies, Inc. Electro-Metrics Elisra Electronic Systems, Ltd ELTA Systems Ltd EM Research Inc. Empower RF Systems EMS Technologies Inc. Eonic B.V. ESL Defence Limited

Esterline Defense Group ET Industries ETM Electromatic Inc. e2v EW Simulation Technology Ltd EWA-Australia Pty Ltd. GBL Systems Gigatronics Inc. Honeywell International Huber + Suhner Hutchins & Associates, Inc. Impact Science & Technology Innovationszentrum Fur Telekommunikation -stechnik GmbH (IZT) Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC ITCN, Inc. iVeia, LLC Jabil Circuit JB Management, Inc. JT3, LLC Keragis Corporation KMIC Technology KOR Electronics, Inc. L-3 Communications L-3 Communications-Applied Signal & Image Technology L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics L-3 Communications/ Randtron Antenna Systems LNX Corporation Lockheed Martin Lockheed Martin Aculight Corporation Logos Microwave Longmont Machining Lorch Microwave LS telcom AG MacAulay-Brown MANTECH Security Technologies Mass Consultants MC Countermeasures, Inc. MegaPhase Mercury Computer Systems Micro-Coax, Inc. Microsemi Corporation Micro Systems

MiKES Microwave Electronic Systems Inc. Milso AB MITEQ, Inc. The MITRE Corporation MRSL Multiconsult Srl My-konsult New World Solutions, Inc. Nova Defence Nurad Technologies, Inc Ophir RF Inc. Optocon USA, Division of Impulse Orion International Technologies Overlook Systems Technology Overwatch Systems Ltd. Parker Aerospace (SprayCool) Phoenix International Systems, Inc. Plath, GmbH Protium Technologies, Inc. QUALCOMM Queued Solutions, L.L.C. Rafael-Electronic Systems Div. Research Associates of Syracuse, Inc. Rheinmetall Air Defence AG Rising Edge Technologies Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG RUAG Holding Science Applications International Corporation Scientific Research Corporation SELEX Galileo Inc. The Shephard Group Siemens IT Solutions and Services Sierra Nevada Corporation Sivers IMA AB Soneticom, Inc. SOS International SOURIAU PA&E Southern Marketing Associates, Inc. Spero-Inc. SRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc.

SRI International Strategic Influence Alternatives, Inc. Subsidium Sunshine Aero Industries SURVICE Engineering Co. Symetrics Industries, LLC Sypris Data Systems Systematic Software Engineering Systems & Processes Engineering Corp. SystemWare Inc. Tactical Technologies Inc. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd. TASC TCI International Tech Resources, Inc. Technical Information Products & Services LLC (TIPS) Technology Management Consultants TECOM Industries TEK Microsystems, Inc. Tektronix, Inc. Tektronix Component Solutions Teledyne Technologies Teleplan AS Teligy TERASYS Technologies, LLC TERMA A/S Thales Components Corp. Thales Homeland Security Times Microwave Systems TINEX AS TMD Technologies TRAK Microwave TriaSys Technologies Corp. Tri Star Engineering TRU Corporation Ultra Electronics Avalon Systems Ultra Electronics Telemus Vigilance VMR Electronics LLC Wavepoint Research, Inc. Werlatone Inc. Wideband Systems, Inc. X-Com Systems ZETA Associates Zodiac Data Systems

BECOME An Industry OR INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY MEMBER Sign up now to become an industry or institute/university member and receive a discount on exhibit space at the AOC National Convention in Washington, DC. Exhibit space is selling quickly. For more information on industry hip visit our website at www.crows.org or Glorianne O’Neilin at [email protected] or (703) 549-1600.

AOC INDUSTRY OR INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY MEMBER BENEFITS • Opportunity to designate key employees for AOC hip • Reduced rates for exhibit space at the AOC National Convention • Free organization narrative annually in the Journal of Electronic Defense (JED) • Names of industry will appear in each issue of JED • Sponsored receive discount for courses, and technical symposia • Strengthened industry/association/government coalition • Nonpartisan government relations • Highly ethical forum for free exchange of information INDUSTRY FEE SCHEDULE • Expanded participation in professional activities (Company size determines fee except for • Valuable professional s. sustaining ) MEMBER TYPE SUSTAINING (ANY SIZE) INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY LARGE (400+ Employees) MEDIUM (50-399 Employees) SMALL (10-49 Employees) CONSULTANT (1-9 Employees)

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JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, c/o Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652. Subscription Information: Glorianne O’Neilin (703) 549-1600 [email protected]

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Offices Naylor, LLC – Florida 5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Toll Free (US): (800) 369-6220 Fax: +1 (352) 331-3525

Aethercomm ...................................................www.aethercomm.com ............................................ 25 Anaren Microwave Inc. ..................................www.anaren.com ......................................................7 Applied Signal Technology, Inc. ....................www.appsig.com ..................................................... 47 BAE Systems ...................................................www.baesystems.com ...................82, inside back cover Cobham Sensor Systems.................................www.cobham.com ................................................... 13 Comtech PST Corp. .........................................www.comtechpst.com.............................................. 38 Crane Aerospace & Electronics.......................www.craneae.com/electronics....................................8 Dielectric Laboratories, Inc ...........................www.dilabs.com...................................................... 39 Dow Key Microwave Corporation ...................www.dowkey.com.................................................... 40 DRS Defense Solutions ...................................www.DRS-DefenseSolutions.com .............................. 45 Elcom Technologies ........................................www.elcom-tech.com .............................................. 16 Elisra Electronic Systems ..............................www.elisra.com ...................................................... 46 Emhiser Research ..........................................www.emhiser.com ................................................... 10 Esterline Defense Technologies .....................www.esterline.com ................................................. 58 EW Simulation Technology Ltd......................www.ewst.co.uk........................................................5 Giga-tronics Incorporated .............................www.gigatronics.com .............................................. 33 Grintek Ewation .............................................www.gew.co.za ....................................................... 18 Hawker Beechcraft Corporation ....................www.hawkerbeechcraft.com .................................... 24 Herley Industries ...........................................www.herley.com ..................................................... 32 Huber & Suhner ..............................................www.hubersuhner.com ............................................ 21 IMT - Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC........................................www.imt-solutions.com ........................................... 17 ITT Electronic Systems...................................www.es.itt.com ................................ inside front cover ITT Microwave Systems ..................................www.ittmicrowave.com ........................................... 22 IW Microwave .................................................www.iw-microwave.com .......................................... 23

Sales Manager: Melissa Zawada Direct: +1 (352) 333-3407 [email protected]

Kanfit Ltd .......................................................www.kanfit.com ..................................................... 34 KOR Electronics ..............................................www.korelectronics.com............................................3 Krytar, Inc......................................................www.krytar.com ..................................................... 50

Project Manager: Megan Sapp Direct: +1 (352) 333-3473 [email protected]

Lorch Microwave ............................................www.lorch.com ....................................................... 49 MECA Electronics, Inc. ...................................www.e-meca.com .................................................... 51 Mercury Computer Systems, Inc. ...................www.mc.com .....................................................20, 36

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Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems – Amherst Systems......................................www.northropgrumman.com ................................... 27

Erik Henson Direct: +1 (352) 333-3443 [email protected]

Rohde & Schwarz ............................................www.rohde-schwarz.com ......................................... 14

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Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, VA, and additional mailing offices. Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC and subscribers only. Subscription rates for paid subscribers are $160 per year in the US, $240 per year elsewhere; single copies and back issues (if available) $12 each in the US; $25 elsewhere.

AAI Corporation .............................................www.aaicorp.com.................................................... 11

Raytheon Company ........................................www.raytheon.com ......................... outside back cover Saab AB, Electronic Defense Systems............www.saabgroup.com................................................ 35 SRC, Inc. .........................................................www.srcinc.com ........................................................9 Tektronix Component Solutions ....................www.component-solutions.tek.com .......................... 19 Thales Aerospace Division .............................www.thalesgroup.com ............................................. 29 TRU Corporation.............................................www.trucorporation.com ......................................... 37 URS Corp ........................................................www.urscorp.com.................................................... 44 Werlatone, Inc. ...............................................www.werlatone.com ................................................ 41

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JED

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AARGM, operational evaluation flight test ..........................................15 AFRL, BAA for agile emitters............................................................. 20 AFRL, BAA for SIGINT collection, processing and exploitation ..............24 Air National Guard, CUPID for F-16..................................................... 46 Alloy Surfaces, airborne IR decoys/flares ............................................62 AOC 2011 Election Guide ....................................................................71 Argon ST, UAV comms jammer ............................................................15 Armtec, airborne IR decoys/flares ......................................................62 ATK, AAR-47 contract ........................................................................24 ATK, AARGM flight test .....................................................................16 BAE System, DEWS for Saudi F-16SA ....................................................43 BAE Systems Rokar, airborne dispensers ............................................ 60 BAE Systems, airborne dispensers ..................................................... 60 BAE Systems, ALR-56M ..................................................................... 46 BAE Systems, contract for CMWS A-Kits ..............................................24 BAE Systems, UAV comms jammer .......................................................15 BAE Systems, UK contract for Typhoon EW development...................... 28 BGT, IRIS-T dogfight missile ...............................................................43 Cassidian, ISIS for EuroHawk............................................................. 40 Cassidian, upgrade for Greek F-4E .......................................................43 Chemring, airborne IR decoys/flares .................................................. 64 I, TWT contract..............................................................................24 DEACON attack pod ............................................................................15 Elbit, Litening pods ...........................................................................53 Elettronica, EW for Tornado .............................................................. 50 Elisra, ASPS for F-16 ......................................................................... 48 Elisra, COMINT for UAS platforms ...................................................... 38 Elisra, SPS-20 RWR ............................................................................52 Elta, COMINT/ELINT for UAS platforms ............................................... 38 Elta, EL/L-8222R jamming pod ..................................................... 52, 53 Elta, jammer pod for F-4 ....................................................................43 Envisioneering, R&D contract for offboard EW .....................................24 Etienne-Lacroix, airborne IR decoys/flares......................................... 64 Etienne-Lacroix, new chaff and flares for French Horizon frigates ....... 58 EW “co-opetition”..............................................................................12 F-4 Phantom .....................................................................................43 French EW ....................................................................................... 54 HARM, AARGM conversion .................................................................16 House Armed Services Committee, FY12 Defense Markup ......................26 IMI, TAAS dispenser ..........................................................................52 India, medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA) competition .......... 28 India, MiG-29 upgrade ................................................................. 28, 53 India, Mirage 2000 upgrade............................................................... 28 India, planned fifth-generation fighter ............................................. 28 Indra, A400M Defensive Aids Sub System ............................................57 Indra, SPS for Spanish F/A-18s .......................................................... 48 International SIGINT aircraft .............................................................31 Israel Military Industries, airborne IR decoys/flares ........................... 64 ITT, ALQ-165 ASPJ ............................................................................ 46 ITT, ALQ-211(V)4 AIDEWS.................................................................. 48 ITT, ALQ-214 .................................................................................... 48 ITT, IDECM contract ...........................................................................24 ITT, UAV comms jammer .....................................................................15 Kanfit, airborne dispensers ............................................................... 60 Kilgore Flares, airborne IR decoys/flares ............................................ 64

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King Air, MC-12W Liberty ...................................................................32 Lockheed Martin, Dragon ISR .............................................................32 Lockheed Martin, F-16 .......................................................................43 Malaysia, F/A-18D Mid-Life Upgrade ................................................... 28 MBDA, airborne dispensers................................................................ 60 MBDA, DDM-NG ................................................................................. 56 MBDA, Éclair-M decoy dispenser ........................................................ 58 MBDA, missile warning for Mirage 2000 ............................................. 56 MBDA, Saphir-400 expendable decoy dispensing system.......................57 Meggitt, airborne dispensers ............................................................. 60 MES, airborne dispensers .................................................................. 60 MiKES, ALQ-178 SPEWS ................................................................ 43, 48 Niron, airborne dispensers ................................................................ 60 Northrop Grumman, ALQ-131 Block II jamming pods ........................... 44 Northrop Grumman, ALQ-165 ASPJ..................................................... 46 Northrop Grumman, ASIP.................................................................. 40 Northrop Grumman, ASIP contract .....................................................24 Northrop Grumman, Firebird ............................................................. 18 ONR, BAA for protection of electronics systems .................................. 20 Rafael, ELINT for UAS platforms ........................................................ 38 Rafael, Litening II targeting pod ........................................................43 Raytheon, ALE-50 ............................................................................ 46 Raytheon, ALR-67(V)3 ...................................................................... 48 Raytheon, ASPIS for F-16s ................................................................. 48 Raytheon, HARM.............................................................................. 18 Raytheon, UAV comms jammer ...........................................................15 RC-135 Rivet t ............................................................................ 36 Rheinmetall, airborne IR decoys/flares .............................................. 64 Rodale Electronics, airborne dispensers ............................................. 60 Saab, airborne dispensers ..................................................................62 Saab, AIRTRACER FLEX ......................................................................32 Saab, BOW RWR for Tornado DASS upgrade ......................................... 50 Saab, BOZ dispenser.......................................................................... 50 Saab, CAMPS order............................................................................ 28 Saab, Emitter Location System for UASs ............................................. 40 Saab, self protection for Malaysia Su-30MKI ........................................53 Sagem Défense et Sécurité, missile warning for Mirage 2000 ............... 56 Sierra Nevada, JCREW contract .......................................................... 22 Spectrum Warfare, part 2 .................................................................. 68 SRCTec, Duke V3 CREW jammer contract ............................................. 22 Symetrics, airborne dispensers ...........................................................62 Technology Survey, Airborne Dispensers and IR Expendables ...............59 Terma, airborne dispensers ................................................................62 Terma, ALQ-213 ........................................................................... 44, 50 Terma, Special Dispenser System ....................................................... 50 Thales Land and t Systems, airborne dispensers ............................62 Thales, Carpace for F-16 .................................................................... 44 Thales, Integrated Countermeasure System for India Mirage 2000 ........ 50 Thales, podded ELINT for C-130s .........................................................32 Thales, SAEC SIGINT vehicles ..............................................................55 U.S. Rep Buck McKeon .......................................................................26 US Army, RFP for UAV SIGINT payload .................................................15 US t Forces Command, Empire Challenge 2011 ............................... 18 USAF, Comms EA pod for UAVs ............................................................15 Wallop Defence, airborne IR decoys/flares .......................................... 64

With more than 50 years of electronic warfare experience, BAE SYSTEMS is pleased to sponsor the JED Quick Look.

WE’RE AS SERIOUS ABOUT PROTECTING HIM AS HE IS ABOUT PROTECTING US.

Our fighting men and women deserve the world’s most advanced defense and security technology. BAE Systems delivers enhanced survivability solutions including body armor, armored vehicles, life-saving countermeasures, and situational awareness systems to protect those who protect us. They’re some of the many ways we provide advantage in the real world.

www.baesystems.com

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS

PROTECTING

THE MISSION AND THOSE WHO

MUST COMPLETE IT. Effectors that provide state-of-the-art jamming and countermeasure capabilities. Sensors that enhance situational awareness. Integrated EW systems that give warfighters control of the electromagnetic spectrum. They’re all part of Raytheon’s combat-proven electronic warfare systems—and can be integrated into platforms across land, sea and air. So key decision-makers all over the world can count on the innovative technology they need to complete the mission and save lives.

INNOVATION IN ALL DOMAINS www.raytheon.com | Keyword: EWS1 Follow us on:

@raytheoncompany

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