Grammar On The Go 31vg

GRAMMAR ‘ON THE GO’

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 1. 2. 3. 4.

The boy is eating in the canteen. She eats bread every day. The children are playing football happily. Azura and I like reading books in the library.

In sentences 1 and 2, 'boy' and 'she' are the subjects. They are 'singular'. The verbs 'is' and 'eats' are also singular. So, the subjects and verbs in sentences 1 and 2 agree with each other. In sentences 3 and 4, 'children' and 'Azura and I' are the subjects. They are 'plural'. The verbs 'are' and 'like' are also 'plural'. Therefore, the subjects and verbs in sentences 3 and 4 agree with each other.

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VERB TO DO 1. 2. 3. 4.

Aliah does her homework every day. Neelofa and Jasmin do their school project themselves. My friend and I did the work ourselves last week. Do you like to eat mangosteens?

Verbs ‘do’, ‘does’ and ‘did’ are called verbs ‘to do’. They mean ‘to perform a task’. Verbs to do are also used to ask questions related to actions. We use ‘does’ for singular and ‘do’ for plural in Present Tense and we use ‘did’ in the Past Tense.

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PRONOUNS

Subject

Object

They We I You He She It

them us me you him her it

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Possessive Adjective their our my your his her it

Possessive Pronouns theirs ours mine yours his hers its

Reflexive themselves ourselves myself yourself/yourselves himself herself itself

He has a new bicycle. The bicycle belongs to him. It is his bicycle. The bicycle is his. He cycles to the park himself.

The words in bold in the sentences show how pronouns are used. They replace the nouns. Some pronouns can be personal such as ‘I’ and ‘me’, while others can be used to show possessions such as ‘my’ and ‘mine’.

SINGULAR PLURAL NOUNS Look at picture A: There is only one bottle. We use the word bottle to show that there is only one bottle. Bottle is a singular noun. Look at picture B: There are several bottles. We use the word bottles to show that there is more than one bottle. Bottles is a plural noun.

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PLURAL FORMS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Method By adding –s By adding –es By changing –y into –ies By changing –f or –fe into –ves By changing the vowels

Examples Boy….boys Car….cars Box…boxes Buffalo….buffaloes Puppy….puppies Lorry….lorries Leaf….leaves Knife….knives Tooth….teeth Man….men

VERB TO BE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I am buying the book for my father. Qaisy is the cleverest boy in school. They are sitting on the bench. Elly was painting the house when her father came. Zainal and Ejay were busy shopping for Hari Raya.

VERB am/ was

SUBJECT I

is/ was

Singulatr

are/here

You/plural

EXAMPLES I am the owner. I was here yesterday. Jenny is clever. He was late this morning. You are my friend. We were playing just now.

Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs. 1

Mr Harris

one of the most fierce teacher in my school.

2

A herd of goats

3

Each of the pupils

4

She

5

They

grazing at the field. given a set of pencil before the UPSR examination.

watering the plants when she saw a big snake in her garden. busy decorating the class yesterday morning.

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FORMS OF VERBS

Base form (everyday)

-ing form (now)

Past simple (yesterday)

Past participle (already)

bite blow break bring buy carry catch change

biting blowing breaking bringing buying carrying catching changing

bit blew broke brought bought carried caught changed

bitten blown broken brought bought carried caught changed

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close come cry dance dig do draw drink drop eat fall fight find fly get give go grow hide hold hurry jump laugh leave live look make meet open pay ride ring rise run say see sell send shine show sing sit skip sleep speak stand stop

closing coming crying dancing digging doing drawing drinking dropping eating falling fighting finding flying getting giving going growing hiding holding hurrying ing jumping laughing leaving living looking making meeting opened paying riding ringing rising running saying seeing selling sending shining showing singing sitting skipping sleeping speaking standing stopping

closed came cried danced dug did drew drank dropped ate fell fought found flew got gave went grew hid held hurried ed jumped laughed left lived looked made met opened paid rode rang rose ran said saw sold sent shone showed sang sat skipped slept spoke stood stopped

closed come cried danced dug done drawn drunk dropped eaten fallen fought found flown got given gone grown hidden held hurried ed jumped laughed left lived looked made met opened paid ridden rung risen run said seen sold sent shone shown sung sat skipped slept spoken stood stopped

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take talk teach tear tell think throw walk wait wear write yell

taking talking teaching tearing telling thinking throwing walking waiting wearing writing yelling

took talked taught tore told thought threw walked waited wore wrote yelled

taken talked taught torn told thought thrown walked waited worn written yelled

I write a letter every day. I am writing a letter now. I wrote a letter yesterday. I have written already. The words ‘write’, ‘wrote’, ‘writing’ and ‘written’ tell us about an action done at different times. They are called verbs and they can take different forms. 1

I (am reading/read)

a book at the library now.

2

The calf (is drinking/was drinking)

3

She (ate/has eaten)

4

The heistress always (writes/wrote)

5

The firemen (manage/managed) minutes last night.

milk from its mother yesterday.

the bananas already. something in her notebook. to put out the fire in less than thirty

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ADJECTIVES

a little boy

a leather purse

a round table

The nouns above come with another word before them. These words tell us more about the nouns. They are called adjectives. Adjectives can tell us about the numbers, shapes, sizes, colours, and characteristics or features of each noun. Fill in the blanks with correct adjectives. 1

The chocolate cake tastes

2

Khadijah wore a

3

They live in a

4

I bought a pair of

5

There is a

than the strawberry cake. dress during the wedding dinner bungalow. leather shoes.

square blue box on the table.

He is walking slowly.

ADVERB How is the old man walking?

Look at the speech bubbles. Read what they are saying. What are the verbs in their sentences? Yes, they are ‘is walking’. The word ‘slowly’ tells us more about the verbs, It is called adverbs.

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SENTENCE STRUCTURE S – SUBJECT Sv5w1h V – VERB

5w – object/manner/place/reason/time (whom/what-how-where-why-when) (who)

(what verb)

(what)

(how)

(where)

Kamal

practices

football

diligently

on the field

(why) (when) to the next week. school team

Rearrange the words or phrases to form complete sentences. 1

is laying/The turtle/in a hole/on the beach/its eggs

2

into the dustbin/ Salman/ is throwing/ the rubbish

3

the dried leaves/ Sunny/ was busy gathering/ using a rake

4

last week/ Puan Sarimah/ drove/ to the market/her car

5

went/ Mr Singam and his family/yesterday/at a beach/ for a picnic

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USEFUL IDIOMS Here are some common English idioms and phrases that will enrich your English vocabu- lary and make you sound like a native speaker in no time. 1.

‘The best of both worlds’ – means you can enjoy two different opportunities at the same time. She is working part-time and looking after her kids at the same time to get the best of both worlds.

2.

‘Speak of the devil’ - this means that the person you’re just talking about actually turns up at that moment. “Hi Malek, speak of the devil, I was just telling Salwa about your new car.”

3.

‘See eye to eye’ – this means agreeing with someone. They finally saw eye to eye on the business deal.

4.

‘Once in a blue moon’ – an event that happens infrequently. He only goes to the cinema once in a blue moon.

5.

‘When elephants fly’ - something that will never happen. Whenelephantsflyshe’lltidyupherroom.

6.

‘To cost an arm and a leg’ something is very expensive. The bungalow costs and arm and a leg.

7. ‘Apiece of cake’- something is very easy. The English test was a piece of cake.

8.

‘Let the cat out of the bag’ – to accidentally reveal a secret. She lets the cat out of the bag about their wedding plans.

9.

‘To feel under the weather’ – to not feel well. He is really feeling under the weather today since he has a cold.

10. ‘To kill two birds with one stone’ – to solve two problems at once. Mike wanted to get away so he took his father on a holiday. He killed two birds with one stone. 11. ‘To cut corners’ – to do something badly or cheaply. They really cut corners when they built the room. Now, the roof is leaking. 12. ‘To add insult to injury’ – to make a situation worse. To add insult to injury the car drove off without stopping after knocking the man off his bike. 13. ‘You can’t judge a book by its cover’ – to not judge someone or something based solely on appearance. I thought this locally made brand would be horrible. It turns out you can’t judge a book by its cover. 14. ‘Break a leg’ – means ‘good luck’(often said to actors before they go on stage). “Break a leg Tisha, I’m sure you will win the competition.

USEFUL SIMILES As big as an elephant As black as coal As blind as a bat As bold as brass As brave as a lion As busy as a bee As cheap as dirt As clean as a whistle As clear as crystal As cold as ice

As cool as a cucumber As cunning as a fox As cute as a bug's ear As dead as a doornail As deaf as a post As dry as a bone As dull as dishwater As easy as ABC As fit as a fiddle As free as a bird

As fresh as a daisy As gentle as a lamb As good as gold As happy as a lark As hard as nails As heavy as lead As helpless as a baby As hot as blue blazes As hungry as a bear As innocent as a lamb

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As large as life As light as a feather As loose as a goose As mad as a hatter As mad as a hornet As nervous as a cat As nutty as a fruitcake As old as the hills As pale as death As playful as a kitten As proud as a peacock As quick as lightning As quiet as a mouse As regular as clockwork

As scarce as hen's teeth As sharp as a razor As sick as a dog As silent as the grave As slippery as an eel As sly as a fox Assmoothasababy'sbottom As snug as a bug in a rug As solid as the ground we stand on As sour as vinegar As steady as a rock As stiff as a board As straight as an arrow

As strong as an ox As stubborn as a mule As sturdy as an oak As sweet as pie As tall as a giraffe As thin as a rake As tight as a drum As timid as a rabbit As useless as a chocolate teapot As warm as toast As welcome as a skunk at a lawn party As white as snow As wise as an owl

PROVERB 1.

Better late than never - to do something that is right or well a little late is better than not doing it at all.

2.

Honesty is the best policy - being honest is the best way

3.

A stitch in time saves nine - its better to deal with something immediately before it gets worse Afriend in need is a friend indeed - a friend who helps you in times of your need is a true friend.

4. 5.

Where there is a will, there is a way - if you really want something then you will find a way to do it.

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TIPS ON EFFECTIVE WRITING 014 Paper Past Year’s Questions and Analysis Section C (Question 3):

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Content Family outing – Bird Park Geese chasing away a burglar Students helping an old lady Science Project - Making a pickle Helping mother to sell nasi lemak Treating a poor girl with ice cream Saving a cat trapped on a tree Left a bag while going on a trip Sharing tapioca cake with a neighbour A woman stung by a bee A girl getting wet by rain

Category event incident event event event incident incident incident event incident incident

Value loving gratitude caring co-operation thriftiness generosity caring awareness sharing loving/caring wisdom

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