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Gmail From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about Google's email service. For other uses, see Gmail (disambiguation). Gmail

A screenshot of a Gmail inbox and compose box in May 2013 mail.google.com Web address Yes Commercial? Webmail Type of site Required Registration Available language(s) 57 languages[1] 425 million (June 2012)[2] s Proprietary Content license Java and JavaScript[3][4] Written in Google Owner Paul Buchheit Created by 1 April 2004; 9 years ago Launched 8,402 (September 2013) Alexa rank

Current status

Online

Gmail is a free, advertising-ed email service provided by Google.[5] s may access Gmail as secure webmail,[6] as well as via POP3 or IMAP4 protocols.[7][8] Gmail initially started as an invitation-only beta release on April 1, 2004[9] and it became available to the general public on February 7, 2007, though still in beta status at that time.[10] The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, along with the rest of the Google Apps suite.[11][12] With an initial storage capacity offer of 1 GB per , Gmail significantly increased the webmail standard for free storage from the 2 to 4 MB its competitors such as Hotmail offered at that time.[13] Individual Gmail messages, including attachments, may be up to 25 MB,[14] which is larger than many other mail services .[citation needed] Gmail has a search-oriented interface and a "conversation view" similar to an Internet forum. Gmail is noted by web developers for its pioneering use of Ajax.[15] Gmail runs on Google GFE/2.0 on Linux.[16][17][18] As of June 2012, it is the most widely used web-based email provider with over 425 million active s worldwide.[2][19]

Contents 

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1 Features o 1.1 Storage o 1.2 Gmail Labs o 1.3 Spam filter o 1.4 Gmail Mobile o 1.5 Social networking o 1.6 Google Voice in Gmail chat o 1.7 Offline Google Mail o 1.8 Gmail Search o 1.9 Extra security features o 1.10 Security Warnings o 1.11 Money Transfer 2 Interface 3 History 4 Domain name history 5 April Fools' jokes 6 Code changes 7 Criticism o 7.1 Privacy o 7.2 Technical limitations o 7.3 Outages o 7.4 Twenty-four hour lockdowns o 7.5 On behalf of 8 Reception o 8.1 Awards 9 Trademark disputes o 9.1

o o o

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9.2 Poland 9.3 Russian Federation 9.4 United Kingdom 10 Competition 11 See also o 11.1 Third party software 12 References 13 External links

Features Storage

Gmail's log-in page (September 2011) The Gmail service currently provides more than 15 GB of free storage per .[20][21] s can rent additional storage (shared between Picasa Web Albums, Google Drive and Gmail) from 100 GB (US$4.99/month) to 16 TB (US$799.99/month), but only 15 GB of this additional storage will apply to Gmail, in effect limiting Gmail storage to 30 GB total.[22] On April 1, 2005, the first anniversary of Gmail, Google announced an increase from 1 GB. Georges Harik, the product management director for Gmail, stated that Google would "keep giving people more space forever."[23] On April 24, 2012, Gmail announced the increase of free storage in Gmail from 7.5 GB to 10 GB ("and counting") as part of the launch of Google Drive.[24] At the same time, Gmail s became unable to upgrade the size of their e-mail inbox beyond a 30GB limit, irrespective of their price plan.[citation needed] On May 13, 2013 Google announced the merge of their free storage across Gmail, Google Drive, & Google+ Photos allowing s up to 15GB of free storage to use across their s.[25]

Gmail Labs The Gmail Labs feature, introduced on June 5, 2008,[26] allows s to test new or experimental features of Gmail, such as bookmarking of important email messages or custom keyboard shortcuts. s can enable or disable Labs features selectively and provide about each of them. This allows Gmail engineers to obtain input about new features to improve them

and also to assess their popularity and whether they merit developing into regular Gmail features. All Labs features are experimental and are subject to termination at any time.[27]

Spam filter Gmail's spam filtering features a community-driven system: when any marks an email as spam, this provides information to help the system identify similar future messages for all Gmail s.[28][29] s may tune the system to allow mail marked as spam to be handled in particular ways.[28]

Gmail Mobile Gmail Mobile is a version of Google's Gmail email service. It was released on December 16, 2005, and is available in more than 40 languages.[30] It is a free service, developed to provide access to Gmail from mobile devices such as cell phones, or smartphones. Gmail Mobile offers many of the features as Gmail delivered effectively to smaller, mobile screens. s have the ability to compose, read, archive, reply, forward, mark unread, add a star, add custom labels or trash email messages.[31] On September 22, 2009 Google brought Push Mail to its Gmail service using Google Sync for iPhone and iPod Touch platforms.[32] In order to use the service a will need a Gmail and a mobile device that meets the following requirements:    

It must have Internet access and a WAP enabled web browser. It must be XHTML compliant. It must have cookies enabled and the mobile network must also allow cookies to be set. It must allow SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) traffic.[33]

Social networking Main articles: Google+ and Google Buzz On February 9, 2010, Google commenced their new service, Google Buzz, which integrated with Gmail allowing s to share links and media, as well as status updates.[34] Buzz was launched with an automatic opt-in, causing an uproar in the Gmail community which led Google to quickly undo its initial moves.[35] Buzz was discontinued in December 2011 in favor of Google+. Google+, which was launched on June 28, 2011 as Google's most recent foray into social networking, integrates further into Gmail than Google Buzz, with Google+ profile icons appearing in the headers of emails received in Gmail and Google+ circles appearing in sortings of Gmail s. As of August 2012, Gmail's video chat is replaced with Google+ Hangouts for multi- videoconferencing.

Google Voice in Gmail chat Main article: Google Voice

In August 2010, Google released a plugin that provides integrated telephone service within Gmail's Google Chat interface. This service initially lacked an official name, with Google referring to it as "Google Voice in Gmail chat" and also "Call Phones in Gmail",[36][37][38] but is now called Google Video and Voice Chat. The service allows people to make free calls from their Gmail to U.S. and Canada, at least through the end of 2012.[39] Gmail s can also call other countries on a fee basis. The service logged over 1 million calls in 24 hours on 26 August 2010.[40] Google Voice multi-way videoconferencing (with for document sharing) is now integrated with Google+ Hangouts.[41]

Offline Google Mail On August 31, 2011, it was announced on the Official Gmail Blog that Offline Google Mail was launched as a Chrome web app at the Google Chrome Web Store. This HTML5-powered app is based on the Gmail web app on tablets. On April 11, 2011, Google engineer Sundar Pichai revealed that Google employees had been testing the app together with offline versions of Google Docs and Google Calendar for months and that the apps would be launched in the summer of 2011.[42]

Gmail Search Gmail has an integrated search function that resembles Google Search but only searches a 's Gmail . On May 21, 2012, Gmail improved their search functionality to include autocomplete predictions from the 's email content.[43] As with a web search, Gmail's search functionality cannot search for word fragments, although it does perform partial-string stemming (e.g. searching for 'month' will turn up an email that includes the term 'months').[citation needed]

Extra security features When creating a Gmail , s are asked to provide a recovery email address—to allow them to reset their if they have forgotten it, or if their is hacked. In some countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom and India, Google may also require one-time use of a mobile phone number to send an validation code by SMS text messaging or voice message when creating a new .[44][45] This requirement to associate a unique recovery email and/or phone number with an makes it difficult for would-be spammers to set up multiple s.[citation needed] Google also offers a 2-step verification option—for extra security against hacking—that requests a validation code each time the logs into their Google . The code is either generated by an application ("Google Authenticator") or received from Google as an SMS text message, a voice message, or an email to another .[46] Trusted devices can be "marked" to skip this 2step log-on authentication.[47] When this feature is switched on, software that cannot provide the validation code (e.g. IMAP and POP3 clients) must use a unique 16-character alphanumeric generated by Google instead of the 's normal .[48][49]

Security Warnings On June 5, 2012, a new security feature was introduced to protect s from state-sponsored attacks. Whenever Google analyses indicate that a government has attempted to compromise an , Gmail will display a notice that reads "Warning: We believe state-sponsored attackers may be trying to compromise your or computer".[50][51]

Money Transfer At Google I/O 2013 on May 15, 2013, Google announced a feature, which allows Gmail s to send money via Google Wallet as email attachments. Google plans to roll out the feature "over the coming months".[52]

Interface Main article: Gmail interface The Gmail interface differs from other Webmail systems with its focus on search and its "conversation view" of email, grouping several replies onto a single page. Gmail's experience designer, Kevin Fox, intended s to feel as if they were always on one page and just changing things on that page, rather than having to navigate to other places.[53]

History Main article: History of Gmail The idea for Gmail was pitched by Rajen Sheth during an interview with Google,[54] and went on to be developed by Paul Buchheit several years before it was announced to the public. Initially the email client was available for use only by Google employees internally. Google announced Gmail to the public on April 1, 2004.[55] IMAP was added on October 24, 2007.[7]

Domain name history As of June 22, 2005, Gmail's canonical URI changed from http://gmail.google.com/gmail/ to http://mail.google.com/mail/.[56] As of December 2012, those who typed in the former URI were redirected to the latter.

April Fools' jokes See also: List of Google hoaxes and easter eggs On April Fools' Day 2007, Google made fun of paper-based archiving by introducing "Gmail Paper", where a could click a button and Gmail would purportedly mail an ad-ed paper copy email archive for free.[57]

On April Fools' Day 2008, Google introduced a fake service, "Gmail Custom Time", which claimed to allow a to send up to ten emails per year with forged timestamps. The hoax stated that by bending spacetime on the Google servers, the emails actually get routed through the fourth dimension of time itself before reaching their intended recipient.[58][59] On April Fools' Day 2009, Google introduced a service called Gmail Autopilot by CADIE.[60] According to Google, the service purported to automatically read and respond to emails for the . It appeared to work by analyzing messages for the emotions expressed in the message and either providing advice to the or automatically responding to the message. On April Fools' Day 2011, Google introduced a service called Gmail Motion which allowed s to navigate emails, send and even dictate messages through the 's physical actions using webcams. For example, to send an email, the would perform the action of licking a stamp, and posting it. After the signed up, they would be directed to an "April Fools'" message.[61][62] On April Fools' Day 2012, Google introduced a service called Gmail Tap, an application for Android and iOS which claimed to double typing speed with a revolutionary new keyboard.[63] The system involves a keyboard with three keys: Morse code "dash" and "dot", and a spacebar (along with backspace). Shortly before midnight, on March 31, 2012 Gmail Tap was added, an Android Application utilizing Morse Code instead of the onscreen keyboard. Selecting App for Your Phone produced the message: "Oops! Gmail Tap is a bit too popular right now. We suggest you try ing it again on April 2nd."[64][65] On April Fools' Day 2013, Google introduced a service known as Gmail Blue, where an application that would allow Gmail to have additional features and become totally blue colored.[66]

Code changes Gmail's interface was rewritten in the middle of 2007 and was released to s starting on October 29, 2007. The new version had a redesigned s section, quick s box and chat popups, which were added to names in the message list as well as the list. The s application is integrated into other Google services, such as Google Docs. s granted access to the new version were given a link at the top-right corner which read "Newer Version". As of December 2007, most new registrations in English (US) along with most pre-existing s are given the new interface by default when ed.[3][67][68][69] These coding changes mean that only s of Internet Explorer 7, Firefox 2, Google Chrome and Safari 3.0 (or more recent versions) are officially ed by Gmail and can fully use the new code. Opera 9.5 and more recent versions are not officially tested but are expected to "work with all of Gmail's features". Internet Explorer 5.5+, Netscape 7.1+, Mozilla 1.4+, Firefox 0.8, Safari 1.3 and some other browsers will give limited functionality. Other browsers may be redirected to the basic-HTML-only version of Gmail.[3][70][71][72][73]

During the week of January 18, 2008, Google released an update that changed the way Gmail loads JavaScript. This caused the failure of some third-party extensions.[74] On December 12, 2008, Gmail added for faster PDF viewing within the browser.[75] When Internet Explorer 10 had been available for several months, Google removed for Google Apps for Internet Explorer 8 and older versions.[76] Gmail was one of the first Google projects to begin using Closure Library, part of Closure Tools, which were later open sourced. Much of the core library was developed concurrently with the 2008 update.[77]

Criticism Main article: Criticism of Google

Privacy Google automatically scans emails to add context-sensitive ments to them and to filter spam. Privacy advocates raised concerns that the plan involved scanning their personal, private emails and that this was a security problem. Allowing email content to be read, even by a computer, raises the risk that the expectation of privacy in email will be reduced. Furthermore, email that non-subscribers choose to send to Gmail s is scanned by Gmail as well, even though those senders never agreed to Gmail's of service or . Google can change its unilaterally and Google is technically able to cross-reference cookies across its information-rich product line to make dossiers on individuals. However, most email systems make use of server-side content scanning in order to check for spam,[78][79][80] and of course any email system must access email content merely to display it to the . In 2004, privacy advocates also regard the lack of disclosed data retention and correlation policies as problematic. Google has the ability to combine information contained in a person's email messages with information from Internet searches. Google has not confirmed how long such information is kept or how it can be used. One of the concerns is that it could be of interest to law enforcement agencies. More than 30 privacy and civil liberties organizations have urged Google to suspend Gmail service until these issues are resolved.[81] Gmail's used to contain the clause: "residual copies of deleted messages and s may take up to 60 days to be deleted from our active servers and may remain in our offline backup systems". However, this statement does not appear in Gmail's current . Less specifically, Google has stated that they will "make reasonable efforts to remove deleted information from our systems as quickly as is practical."[82][83] Google defends its position by citing their use of email-scanning to the 's benefit. Google states that Gmail refrains from displaying ads next to potentially sensitive messages such as those that mention tragedy, catastrophe, or death.[84]

Gmail s of human rights activists in China were hacked in sophisticated attacks — thought to use phishing and exploit a vulnerability in Internet Explorer[85][86][87] — in late 2009. Any (web mail or other) mail system which stores and retains 's email contents is an attractive target for such attacks, but Gmail is popular with security-conscious s because of its early HTTPS secure (encrypted) connection , and its more-recent HTTPS-only default setting.[6][88] The launch of Google Buzz as an opt-out social network immediately drew criticism for violating privacy because it automatically allowed Gmail s' s to view their other s. Buzz was discontinued in December 2011.[89][90] In March 2011 a former Gmail in Texas sued Google, claiming that its Gmail service violates s' privacy by scanning e-mail messages to serve relevant ads.[91] In July 2012, some California residents filed two class action lawsuits against Google and Yahoo! claiming that they illegally intercept emails sent by individual non-Gmail or non-Yahoo! subscribers to Gmail and Yahoo! subscribers without their knowledge, consent or permission.[92] A motion filed by Google's attorneys in the case concedes that Gmail s have "no legitimate expectation of privacy".[93] A court filing uncovered by advocacy group Consumer Watchdog in August 2013 revealed that Google stated in a court filing that no "reasonable expectation" exists among Gmail s in regard to the assured confidentiality of their emails.[94] In response to a lawsuit filed in May 2013, Google explained: "... all s of email must necessarily expect that their emails will be subject to automated processing ... Just as a sender of a letter to a business colleague cannot be surprised that the recipient's assistant opens the letter, people who use web-based email today cannot be surprised if their communications are processed by the recipient's ECS [electronic communications service] provider in the course of delivery.[94] A Google spokesperson stated to the media on August 15, 2013 that the corporation takes the privacy and security concerns of Gmail s "very seriously."[94]

Technical limitations Gmail does not allow s to send or receive executable files or archives containing executable files if it recognizes the file extension as one used for executable files or archives.[95][96] By design, Gmail does not deliver all of a 's emails. When ing mail through POP or IMAP access, Gmail fails to deliver messages that s have sent to themselves if the client has a copy of it already.[97] It also does not deliver to a 's inbox (via any access interface) those messages that s have sent to mailing lists and which they might expect to receive back via the mailing list.[98]

Gmail normally sorts email only by conversations (threads), which can be a problem for large conversations. For example, if a sends a query to a large group of people, all of the responses are stored in a single conversation that is impossible to break apart. There is no way to search for responses from one without getting the entire conversation. While deletion of individual emails is possible, most operations, such as archiving and labeling, can be performed only on whole conversations. Conversations cannot be split up or combined. As a result of complaints from some s, Google made conversation view optional starting September 29, 2010, but there is currently no method to split individual conversations.

Outages Gmail has been unavailable on several occasions. On February 24, 2009, the Gmail service was offline for 2 hours and 30 minutes, preventing millions of s from accessing their s. People who rely entirely on Gmail for business purposes complained about these outages.[99][100] Another outage occurred on September 1, 2009. Later that day, a Google vice president, Ben Treynor, explained that the problem, which ultimately resulted in about 100 minutes of outage, was caused by overloaded routers, triggered by a routine configuration change which added more router load than expected. Treynor wrote, "Gmail remains more than 99.9% available to all s, and we're committed to keeping events like today's notable for their rarity."[101][102] In 2009, Google continued to experience outages across its network, leaving s without access to their email, calendars, and virtual files.[103] Gmail faced another downtime on March 2, 2013 before Noon Time for many of its s. It took 16 minutes for Google to recover from this outage. Gmail on mobile and Google's Apps Status Dashboard were the other two experienced the same issue during the time.[104] Key outage dates include: Date May 2, 8 and 13, 2013 April 17, 2012

Outage details s in India, Middle East and South East Asia faced Gmail outage with an error 502[105][106][107] Gmail outage[108]

Gmail outage. Gmail s February after g in found their 27/28, 2011 Gmail inbox, empty.[110]

Affected s

5.25 million[109]

1.5 million[111]

Gmail did not mention exact number, in their Gmail outage. Gmail s September blog they posted a were unavailable, s could 24, 2009 'small subset of s' not access their s.[112] were affected with this outage.[112]

September Gmail outage[103] 1, 2009 Google network outage. For some s Gmail became May 14, extremely slow. In some cases, 2009 Google services were reported to have completely stopped working.[113] March 9, Gmail outage[103] 2009 Gmail and Google Apps August 7, outage. s affected by a 2008 502 error on .[114]

Twenty-four hour lockdowns If an algorithm detects what Google calls "abnormal usage that may indicate that your has been compromised", the can be automatically locked down for between one minute and 24 hours, depending on the type of activity detected. Listed reasons for a lock-down include:[115] 

   

"Receiving, deleting, or ing large amounts of mail via POP or IMAP in a short period of time. If you're getting the error message, 'Lockdown in Sector 4,' you should be able to access Gmail again after waiting 24 hours."[115] "Sending a large number of undeliverable messages (messages that bounce back)."[115] "Using file-sharing or file-storage software, browser extensions, or third party software that automatically logs into your ."[115] "Leaving multiple instances of Gmail open."[115] "Browser-related issues. Please note that if you find your browser continually reloading while attempting to access your Inbox, it's probably a browser issue, and it may be necessary to clear your browser's cache and cookies."[115]

On behalf of Prior to July 2009, any email sent through the Gmail interface included the Gmail.com address as the "sender", even if it was sent with a custom email address as "from". For example, an email sent with an external "from" address using Gmail could be displayed to a receiving email client as From [email protected] (the display used by versions of Microsoft Outlook). By exposing the Gmail address, Google claimed that this would "help prevent mail from being marked as spam".[116] A number of Gmail s complained that this implementation was both a privacy concern and a professionalism problem.[117] On July 30, 2009, Gmail announced an update to resolve this issue.[118] The updated custom 'From:' feature allows s to send messages from Gmail using a custom SMTP server, instead

of Gmail's.[119] However, the issue is still present for s whose custom email address is a second Gmail , rather than an on a separate domain.[120]

Reception Awards Gmail was ranked second in PC World's "100 Best Products of 2005", behind Mozilla Firefox. Gmail also won 'Honorable Mention' in the Bottom Line Design Awards 2005.[121][122] In September 2006, Forbes magazine declared Gmail as the best webmail.[123] In November 2006, Gmail received PC World's 4 star rating.[124]

Trademark disputes

The former Google Mail logo

The present Google Mail logo On July 4, 2005 Google announced that Gmail Deutschland would be rebranded as Google Mail. The domain gmail.com became unavailable in due to trademark disputes, in which cases s must use the domain googlemail.com.[125] From that point forward, visitors originating from an IP address determined to be in would be forwarded to [126] googlemail.com where they could obtain an email address containing the new domain. The domains are interchangeable so s obliged to use the googlemail.com domain are unable to select addresses already chosen by gmail.com s.[126] Inbound emails sent to either googlemail.com or gmail.com addresses will reach the . When ing for an online service, Google Mail s must use the googlemail.com form of their email address to ensure that any istrative emails they send to the service, such as confirmation messages, are recognized.[126] The German naming issue is due to a trademark dispute between Google and Daniel Giersch, who owns a German company called "G-mail" which provides the service of printing out email from senders and sending the print-out via postal mail to the intended recipients. On January 30, 2007, the EU's Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market ruled in favor of Giersch.[127]

Google spoofed "offering" the same service in the Gmail Paper April Fool's Day joke in 2007.[128] On April 13, 2012, Google received the right to the Gmail trademark in . On this day the gmail.de domain and the Gmail trademark were transferred to Google.[129]

Poland In February 2007 Google filed legal action against the owners of gmail.pl, a poet group known in full as Grupa Młodych Artystów i Literatów abbreviated GMAiL (literally, "Group of Young Artists and Writers").[130] This lawsuit was lost but the website no longer exists.[131]

Russian Federation A Russian paid mail redirect service called gmail.ru owns the "Gmail" trademark in the Russian Federation.[132] The gmail.ru domain name dates from January 27, 2003.[133]

United Kingdom On October 19, 2005, Google voluntarily converted the United Kingdom version of Gmail to Google Mail because of a dispute with the UK company Independent International Investment Research.[134][135] s who ed before the switch to Google Mail were able to keep their Gmail address, although the Gmail logo was replaced with a Google Mail logo. s who signed up after the name change receive a googlemail.com address, although a reverse of either in the sent email will still deliver it to the same place. In September 2009 Google began to change the branding of UK s back to Gmail following the resolution of the trademark dispute.[136] On May 3, 2010, Google announced that they would start to phase out the googlemail.com domain in the UK. Existing s will get the option to switch to gmail.com, while new s will be given a gmail.com address by default.[137] This also required Android phone s to perform a factory reset (requiring a back-up to prevent data loss) to restore phone functionality.[138]

Competition See also: Comparison of webmail providers After Gmail's initial development and launch, many existing web mail services quickly increased their storage capacity.[139]

For example, Hotmail increased space for some s from 2 MB to 25 MB, with 250 MB after 30 days, and 2 GB for Hotmail Plus s. Yahoo! Mail went from 4 MB to 100 MB and 2 GB for Yahoo! Mail Plus s. Yahoo! Mail storage then increased to 250 MB and in late April 2005 to 1 GB. Yahoo! Mail announced that it would be providing "unlimited" storage to all its s in March 2007 and began providing it in May 2007.[140] These were all seen as moves to stop existing s from switching to Gmail and to capitalize on the newly rekindled public interest in web mail services. The desire to catch up was especially noted in the case of MSN's Hotmail, which upgraded its email storage from 250 MB to the new Windows Live Hotmail which includes 5 GB of storage that expands if necessary. In November 2006, MSN Hotmail upgraded all free s to 1 GB of storage.[141] In June 2005, AOL started providing all AIM screen names with their own email s with 2 GB of storage.[142] Google may terminate a Gmail after nine months of inactivity.[143] Other webmail services have different, often shorter, times for marking an as inactive. Yahoo! Mail deactivates dormant s after four months.[144][145] As well as increasing storage limits following the launch of Gmail, Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail also enhanced their email interfaces. During 2005, Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail matched Gmail's attachment size of 10 MB. Following the footsteps of Gmail, Yahoo! launched the Yahoo! Mail Beta service and Microsoft launched Windows Live Hotmail, both incorporating Ajax interfaces. Google increased the maximum attachment size to 20 MB in May 2007[146] and to 25 MB in June 2009.[147]

See also 

List of Google products

Third party software   

GMail Drive GmailFS Mailplane (software)

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