Giving His Heart More Room: Bruce Springsteen's Private Foundations 34h1q

Giving His Heart 1

Giving His Heart More Room: Bruce Springsteen’s Private Foundations

David Wilson Reporter-at-Large, Bloomberg News Woodbridge, NJ

Written for presentation at Glory Days: A Bruce Springsteen Symposium Sept. 14, 2012

Giving His Heart 2 ABSTRACT Bruce Springsteen has ed more than 300 non-profit organizations since the mid1980s, when he began contributing to food banks and other community groups in cities where he performed. Two private foundations are responsible for much of Springsteen's philanthropy. His Thrill Hill Foundation provided $3.3 million to charities across the U.S. through 2010 and ended the year with $4.8 million available for future donations. Through The Foundation, Inc., he paid for $1.5 million of house repairs for low-income homeowners in New Jersey through 2010. This paper will examine the history of both foundations, mainly through their federal tax returns. The topics covered will include Springsteen's contributions, the uses of the funds, the recipients of grants, and the relationship between the foundations and his other charitable efforts.

Giving His Heart 3 INTRODUCTION Bruce Springsteen foreshadowed his future as a philanthropist in November 1978, when he helped his hometown hospital qualify for a challenge grant from the Kresge Foundation. He gave Freehold Area Hospital the $1,000 cash portion of Ampex Corp.'s Golden Reel Award, which he won for using the company's recording tape on the Darkness on the Edge of Town album and selling more than 500,000 copies.1 Since then, Springsteen has donated to more than 300 non-profit organizations.2 His generosity and success as a recording artist prompted the MusiCares Foundation, which helps musicians dealing with financial, medical or personal crises, to select him as the Person of the Year for 2013.3 The honor resulted largely from a pattern of giving that emerged on the Born in the U.S.A. tour. In September 1984, just before a break in the tour's first leg, he donated $10,000 while playing in Pittsburgh.4 The money went to a food bank run by United Steelworkers Local 1397 in nearby Homestead, Pennsylvania, a town hurt by cutbacks at a U.S. Steel Corp. mill that the company would later close.5 Springsteen worked with his managers, Jon Landau and Barbara Carr, during the break to locate groups across the U.S. that assisted the hungry, homeless and unemployed.6 After the tour resumed, he started making contributions regularly in cities where he performed. At least 70 groups received funds before the tour ended in October 1985.7 While most were based in the U.S., charities in the U.K., Ireland, Japan and Australia were included.8 He contributed an average of $10,000 a night for arena concerts and $25,000 a night for stadium shows.9 The grants added up to more than $1 million.10

Giving His Heart 4 By the start of his next tour, Springsteen had another outlet for aiding non-profits: The Thrill Hill Foundation, a private foundation.11, Thrill Hill was also the name of his production company and recording studios. 12 The foundation was incorporated in California on Dec. 14, 1987.13 The Internal Revenue Service granted tax-exempt status three months later.14 Another private foundation, The Foundation, Inc., was started to help lower-income homeowners in New Jersey pay for house repairs. A certificate of incorporation was filed with the state on Aug. 9, 1989.15 The IRS certified its tax-exempt status in March 1992.16 Springsteen is listed as president of The Foundation in annual filings to the IRS. Nancy Chapman, a partner in a Los Angeles-based firm overseeing his business affairs, is Thrill Hill's president. Otherwise, both foundations have the same officers. Landau serves as vice president. Chapman is secretary and her colleague, Terry Bird, is treasurer. Chapman and Bird started working with Springsteen at the management firm of Breslauer, Jacboson, Rutman & Sherman, which set up the foundations. Breslauer Jacobson folded shortly after the two women left with a third executive, Bonnie Grey, in March 1994 to begin a firm bearing their last names.17 Their firm became Chapman, Bird, Grey & Tessler Inc. in the mid2000s, after Craig Tessler was added as a partner. Grey's name was later dropped.18 The only person paid directly by either foundation is Jim McDuffie, The Foundation's executive director since inception. He has received $12,000 in annual compensation since 1990, the first full year that The Foundation was in operation. Before taking on the position, McDuffie was a personal assistant to Springsteen.19

Giving His Heart 5 THE THRILL HILL FOUNDATION The Thrill Hill Foundation has filed annual returns with the Internal Revenue Service, as required by law, on Form 990-PF since 1988.1 The documents include financial reports, officer names and addresses, and lists of all contributions, gifts and/or grants received and paid. They are routinely released to the public after being processed. Filings from 1998 onward are available electronically from multiple sources, listed in Appendix A. The IRS started scanning 990-PFs in July 1998.2 Earlier documents are stored on microfiche and available from the Foundation Center Historical Foundation Collection, located at Indiana University-Purdue University Indiananpolis, or IUPUI. By studying the filings, it's possible to determine the amounts and timing of Springsteen's donations, the additional income that was generated from the funds, the costs involved in running and istering the foundation, the amounts and recipients of contributions, and the net assets available for future donations. The analysis presented follows the format of a summary financial statement, shown in Appendix B, and includes total dollar amounts for line items listed there. Contributions Received ($6,500,000): Springsteen provided the foundation with its first $1 million in December 1987, about two months before the start of the Tunnel of Love Express Tour. The tour was his last with the E Street Band for more than a decade. Every donation since then has been made in a year when Springsteen was on the road. He gave $1 million in 1993, when he was promoting the Human Touch and Lucky Town albums; in 1999, when he and the E Street Band started a reunion tour; in 2003, when he spent most of the year on The Rising tour; in 2005, when he did solo concerts in of the Devils and Dust album; and in 2009, when he and the band toured behind the Working on a Dream album. He contributed $500,000 in 2008, the year of the Magic tour.3

Giving His Heart 6 Not every tour resulted in more money for the foundation, though. Springsteen didn't make donations in 1995-97, when he promoted The Ghost of Tom Joad album with a solo tour. He also skipped 2006, when he took the Seeger Sessions Band on the road.4 Additional Income ($1,622,532): Three categories of income aside from contributions are specified in 990-PF filings: interest on savings and temporary cash investments, dividends and interest on securities, and the net gain (or loss) from asset sales. Each of them has generated hundreds of thousands of dollars for Thrill Hill over the years. Savings and related investments produced the biggest share of additional income through 2010, at 46 percent. Almost all of the interest was received between 1989 and 2002. After that, a shift in investment strategy and a decline in interest rates caused this source of funds to dry up. There was no income recorded in 2005 through 2008. Securities ranked second with a 36 percent share. From 2005 to 2008, the foundation invested in bonds sold by the Federal Home Loan Banks, which make money available to local banks to housing and community lending. The strategy was abandoned in 2008, when a crisis swept through the global financial system. Income from securities plunged from $67,136 that year to only $1 in 2010. Gains from sales of the bank bonds ed for almost all of the remaining 18 percent of additional income. The exception occurred in 1995, when the foundation posted a $366 gain from an asset sale. Operating & istrative Expenses ($34,746): These costs were only 1.1 percent of total expenses and disbursements through 2010. No one was paid directly by the foundation for their services, presumably because Chapman, Bird & Tessler and others who work on its behalf are compensated by Springsteen directly.

Giving His Heart 7 Contributions Paid ($3,262,336): The amounts that Thrill Hill distributed to non-profits each year swung substantially through the mid-2000s, which may reflect Springsteen's sporadic contributions. In 1994, the foundation handed out $250,500, a record that lasted for 16 years. In 1996, only $40,500 was distribution. Springsteen's more regular donations from the mid-2000s onward, resulting from an increasingly active touring schedule, paved the way for more sustained giving. The foundation contributed more than $200,000 every year from 2006 through 2010, and 11 charities received funds in all five years. Social-service organizations in Monmouth County, New Jersey, and Los Angeles, where he has lived, are among Thrill Hill's biggest beneficiaries. The New Jersey-based groups include 180 Turning Lives Around, which assists victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, and the Mental Health Association of Monmouth County. The California beneficiaries include the 1736 Family Crisis Center, which helps the homeless, runaways and victims of domestic violence, and Project Angel Food, which delivers meals to HIV/AIDS patients.5 Non-profit groups that Springsteen s through benefit concerts and other charitable work also have received funds. Chief among them is the Kristen Ann Carr Fund, a cancer-related charity whose namesake was the daughter of Barbara Carr, his co-manager, and the stepdaughter of Dave Marsh, his biographer.6 The Community Food Bank of New Jersey and WhyHunger, formerly World Hunger Year, are recipients as well. The charity that has received the most money doesn't fit into these categories. It's the Southern Poverty Law Center, whose mission is to combat the kind of racism that Springsteen's song "My Hometown" chronicled: "In '65 tension was running high at my high school/There was a lot of fights between the black and white/There was nothing you could do."7

Giving His Heart 8 Thrill Hill first donated to the center in 1993, two years after the publication of founder Morris Dees's autobiography, A Season for Justice. Springsteen read the book, which chronicled the civil-rights lawyer's fight against the Ku Klux Klan and other hate groups.8 The Ghost of Tom Joad, his 1995 album, reflects its influence.9 The center received a total of $380,000 through 2010. Yet Springsteen isn't identified publicly with Dees's organization as he is with the Kristen Ann Carr Fund, the Community Food Bank and WhyHunger. The foundation enabled him to provide his in relative anonymity. In all, 112 non-profits received funds through 2010. Appendix C provides a complete list of these groups, ranked by dollar amount and then in alphabetical order. Net Assets ($4,824,307): Private foundations must distribute at least 5 percent of their endowment each year to maintain tax-exempt status, according to the IRS. This minimum payout requirement is designed to ensure they actually make contributions to non-profits, rather than just receiving donations and investing the proceeds.10 Thrill Hill handed out much more than the minimum in its early years. Distributions between 1990 and 1994 averaged 15 percent of assets. Figures for later years were more in line with the IRS-mandated minimum. The most recent payout rate available is 5.2 percent, recorded for 2005-09. This shift explains why about 60 percent of the foundation's total income over the years was still available for donations at the end of 2010. Net assets dropped 5.5 percent during 2010 because Thrill Hill took in only $8,066 in revenue, a record low, while paying out $286,000 in contributions and covering $1,491 in expenses.

Giving His Heart 9 THE FOUNDATION Several contrasts between Springsteen's foundations are worth noting. The Thrill Hill Foundation provides to a number of causes; The Foundation was created with a specific cause in mind. Thrill Hill works with non-profits; The Foundation helps homeowners. Thrill Hill routinely gives $25,000 or more to a single organization; The Foundation restricts contributions to $10,000 as a rule. Another distinction is especially relevant. While all of Thrill Hill's 990-PF filings are publicly available, that's no longer the case for The Foundation, which has submitted returns every year since 1989. The Foundation Center Historical Foundation Collection doesn't have filings for 1994-97.1 Springsteen's representatives declined to provide them.2 Figures on total expenses and disbursements for 1994-96 and a partial filing for 1997 were obtained from Bill Bastone, the editor of the The Smoking Gun web site.3 Additional data was found in a story about The Foundation that Jesse Drucker, now a reporter with Bloomberg News, wrote for the Star-Ledger of Newark, NJ, in 1999.4 By using estimates to fill in gaps in the data, it's possible to conclude The Foundation helped about 200 families through 2010. This approach also permits compilation of a summary financial statement, included in Appendix B. Dollar amounts from the summary are cited below. Contributions Received ($1,845,000): Springsteen gave money to The Foundation in all but one year from 1989 through 2010. The exception was 2003, which he skipped after providing $100,000 annual gifts since the 1990s. The omission may have occurred because The Foundation spent less than half of his 2002 donation. The regularity of his gifts differed from his tour-related donations to Thrill Hill, and their size provided an additional contrast. Springsteen never made a million-dollar contribution to The

Giving His Heart 10 Foundation. His biggest annual grant was $200,000, given in 1993. He provided only $30,000 in 2007 and again in 2009. Additional Income ($22,346): The Foundation never had millions of dollars at its disposal for investments, as Thrill Hill did. This limited its opportunities to earn interest and dividends or to reap securities gains, and resulted in the relatively small amount of additional income earned through 2010. Savings and temporary cash investments generated 86 percent of the income. Dividends and interest on securities ed for most of the remaining funds, with the rest coming from other income received in 2009 and 2010. There weren't any net gains from the sale of securities, or any net losses either. Operating & istrative Expenses ($347,306): Jim McDuffie's compensation as executive director helped make The Foundation more expensive to run than Thrill Hill. His $12,000 annual salary ed for 73 percent of the total expenses through 2010. Even without the compensation, though, The Foundation's costs were higher. Legal, ing and printing fees and other expenses totaled $77,983, more than eight times the comparable figure for Thrill Hill. Contributions Paid ($1,482,319): The Foundation operated on a larger scale during the 1990s than in the ensuing decade. Funds spent on home repairs sured $100,000 for the first time in 1993 and crossed the threshold four more times by 1999. While 2000 set a record with $119,720 in grants, that year was the last with a six-figure total. The lowest annual figure was recorded in 2008, when $23,790 was distributed. Determining how many families were assisted requires more guesswork than filling in missing financial data. The Foundation didn't include lists of recipients in 990-PF returns for 1991-

Giving His Heart 11 93. When combined with the lost filings for 1994-96, this means six years of names, addresses and dollar amounts are unavailable. To come up with an estimate, the total amount of money spent for home repairs between 1997 and 2010 was divided by the number of grants awarded. The result was an average dollar amount of $7,210, which was divided into the contributions paid each year from 1991 through 1996. The calculations indicate 77 donations were made during those years. Put that together with 135 others documented in 990-PFs, and the result is an estimated 212 grants. The number of beneficiaries is closer to 200 for a couple of reasons. First of all, The Foundation provided funds to seven families over two calendar years, primarily since 2004. Secondly, one family was assisted a couple of times and another one may have been. There were 135 families listed in the 990-PF filings. Most lived in Monmouth County, where Springsteen was born and raised and currently resides. The family of the first recipient, John D. Sosdian II, was among them. Sosdian lived in Howell Township, near Springsteen's hometown of Freehold. He and his family received $8,125 from The Foundation's only grant awarded in 1989. Sosdian was a guitar teacher and Monmouth University graduate who once worked as a lifeguard in the Jersey Shore town of Avon-by-the Sea. He died in June 2011 at the age of 62, which made him less than a year older than Springsteen.5 Howell was one of 10 municipalities in Monmouth County where only one family received funds. Middletown had 20 families, more than anywhere else, and Long Branch followed with 19. Ten families were in Asbury Park, the city where Springsteen rose to prominence as a musician, and two others were in Freehold.

Giving His Heart 12 Four families resided in other New Jersey counties. The locations of 23 recipients were unavailable because the filings omitted their address or the name of their town. For a list of all the documented beneficiaries, see Appendix D. Families weren't informed about the source of the money, McDuffie told the Star-Ledger in 1999. He said The Foundation operated through word of mouth with help from churches, civic groups and the Monmouth County Division of Social Services.6 While The Foundation usually held to its $10,000 limit for grants, there were exceptions. The biggest was a $16,183 payment on behalf of a family in Rumson, where Springsteen has a home, in 2000. Half a dozen other families received assistance that exceeded the self-imposed maximum. The most recent occurred in 2010, when one family received $13,000 in assistance and another got $10,600. There was another exception made for the Boys and Girls Clubs of Monmouth County, a non-profit that Springsteen has ed through benefit concerts since 1996.7 The Foundation paid for $3,500 of repairs to the Asbury Park-based organization's building in 2009. The grant was the only one ever made that didn't go to a family. Net Assets ($37,721): Springsteen's contributions didn't sit around for long. The Foundation ended the year with more than $100,000 in net assets only twice: in 1993, when he made his biggest annual donation, and 2002, when the funds he provided were more than enough to cover grants and expenses. In 2009, net assets dropped to $32,974, the lowest level since 1992. While they climbed 14 percent in 2010, the amount available for donations at year-end was only about 2 percent of total income over the years. That’s a far cry from the 60 percent figure for Thrill Hill, and the gap represents one more contrast between the foundations.

Giving His Heart 13 PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS AND SPRINGSTEEN'S PHILANTHROPY Bruce Springsteen would be quite the philanthropist even without Thrill Hill or The Foundation. He has maintained the for food banks and community groups that began during the Born in the U.S.A. tour. He has given more than 50 benefit performances, including holiday concerts and pre-tour rehearsals, on behalf of non-profits in New Jersey and elsewhere.1 He has participated in dozens of multi-artist benefit concerts and Amnesty International's Human Rights Now! tour.2 He has donated concert tickets, backstage es and meet-and-greet sessions for fundraising auctions.3 He has appeared on recordings such as USA for Africa's "We Are the World," which raised funds to combat hunger, and the anti-apartheid anthem "Sun City." He has provided songs for benefit compilation albums. The fundraising efforts have assisted at least 210 organizations, listed in Appendix E. The number exceeded Thrill Hill's 112 recipients through 2010. The two sets of beneficiaries aren't mutually exclusive, as Appendix C shows. About 50 of the non-profits helped by the foundation have received from Springsteen through at least one additional source. The numbers show Thrill Hill and The Foundation aren't central to Springsteen's philanthropy, as private foundations might be for other celebrities and wealthy people. He has contributed millions of dollars in other ways to groups helping the less fortunate.4 This raises the issue of how the foundations fit into his giving. For one thing, they extend the reach of his charitable contributions. They provide financial aid to organizations and families that otherwise might go without help. The Southern Poverty Law Center, which received the most money from Thrill Hill through 2010, didn't share in the proceeds of benefit concerts or other events. Neither did the 1736 Family Crisis Center, the second-largest recipient, which received a total of $220,000.

Giving His Heart 14 About 70 more groups received contributions solely from Thrill Hill. They include the T.J. Martell Foundation for leukemia, cancer and AIDS research; the New England Shelter for Homeless Veterans; and Saturday Soup, a soup kitchen run by Trinity Church in Asbury Park. For another, Thrill Hill in particular is a way to make annual donations, which aren't subject to the vagaries of his touring schedule. The foundation provided funds to the law center and crisis center every year from 2000 through 2010, and to the Kristen Ann Carr Fund annually beginning in 2001. Lunch Break, a Red Bank, New Jersey-based charity that provides food, clothing and fellowship to the needy, received annual checks from 2003 onward. Food banks and related charities that Springsteen aided on his concert tours have received relatively little from Thrill Hill. Out of 116 groups named during concerts, only 24 were among the foundation's beneficiaries.5 Fifteen received all their Thrill Hill money in 1999-2000, when he and the E Street Band were on their reunion tour. The Community Food Bank of New Jersey and WhyHunger, the hunger-related charities most closely tied to him, received most of his donations from sources other than the foundation. Thrill Hill's filings show two contributions to the food bank, in 1993 and 2006, that amounted to $30,000. Donations were made to WhyHunger in 1992 through 1994 and totaled $75,000. For Springsteen, the biggest reason to have Thrill Hill and The Foundation may be that they are private. He can help out non-profits and needy homeowners without having the glare of publicity surround each donation and recipient. Although the foundations' grants are disclosed in 990-PF filings, these returns aren't released until months after the contributions they report have been made. There's no need to announce anything publicly. An element of privacy also comes into play with the groups that Springsteen s publicly. When he mentions a food bank or community group at a concert, he doesn't show off his

Giving His Heart 15 generosity by having its leaders come up on stage and receive a ceremonial check. Instead, he encourages fans to the organization. His donation takes place offstage. Annual reports from food banks provide further evidence of Springsteen's modesty as a philanthropist. His name doesn't appear in contributor lists. Instead, they usually mention Thrill Hill Productions, Inc., his production company.6 Online ticket-auction listings are similarly modest. Jon Landau Management, his artistmanagement firm, is named as the donor in listings by the Kristen Ann Carr Fund and Musicians on Call, an d charity that brings music to hospital patients.7 The two non-profits have run auctions tly since 1999.8 Other groups mention the management company as well.9 Springsteen's efforts to minimize publicity may have a religious element to them. He went to grammar school and attended services at St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic Church in Freehold. He performed a benefit concert at the church's gymnasium in 1996 to raise funds for a community center. He incorporates Catholic imagery into his lyrics, as he has done since his first album, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., released in 1973. The Gospel according to Matthew includes this advice in Chapter 6, Verses 3-4: "When you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, so that your giving may be in secret. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you."11 These Bible verses may have influenced Springsteen. Either way, it's clear The Thrill Hill Foundation and The Foundation are an integral part of his philanthropy. It's just as clear that they aren't the be-all and end-all of his for non-profit organizations. To paraphrase an out-ofcontext line from his song "Crush on You," their role is giving his heart more room.12

Giving His Heart 16 APPENDIX A - SOURCES FOR 990-PF FILINGS Guidestar Last three years of filings by the Thrill Hill Foundation and The Foundation. Fourth and fifth year are included in paid reports.

Foundation Center Last 10 years of filings by both foundations. Access to the database is also available through the Urban Institute's National Center for Charitable Statistics and the California Attorney General's Office Charity Research Tool

Economic Research Institute Form 990 search pages show filings by both foundations since 1999, except for The Foundation's 2006 filing. Nonprofit Organization Information reports show filings since 2002.

NOZA/Grantsmart Thrill Hill Foundation filings for 1997-2004 and The Foundation filings for 1998-2005.

Foundation Center Historical Foundation Collection, Ruth Lilly Special Collection and Archives, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Thrill Hill Foundation filings for 1988-96 and The Foundation filings for 1989-93. The collection consists of filings submitted before the Internal Revenue Service's introduction of an imaging program in July 1998.

Giving His Heart 17 APPENDIX B - FINANCIAL STATEMENT SUMMARIES THE THRILL HILL FOUNDATION (1987-2010) Contributions received

$6,500,000

Additional income

1,622,532

TOTAL INCOME

$8,122,532

Contributions paid

$3,262,336

Operating & istrative expenses

34,746

TOTAL EXPENSES

$3,297,082

Excess as of 12/31/10

4,825,450

TOTAL EXPENSES & EXCESS

$8,122,532

THE FOUNDATION (1989-2010, including 1994-97 estimates) ACTUAL

1994-97

TOTAL

$1,435,000

$410,000

$1,845,000

Additional income

14,857

7,489

22,346

TOTAL INCOME

$1,449,857

$417,489

$1,867,346

Contributions paid

$1,081,314

$401,005

$1,482,319

216,000

48,000

252,000

81,371

13,935

95,306

$1,366,685

$462,940

$1,829,625

Contributions received

Salaries & wages Other operating & . expenses TOTAL EXPENSES Excess as of 12/31/10 TOTAL EXPENSES & EXCESS

37,721 $1,867,346

Giving His Heart 18 APPENDIX C - THE THRILL HILL FOUNDATION'S BENEFICIARIES Listings are sorted by total amount given from 1987-2010, then alphabetically. Southern Poverty Law Center (Montgomery, AL) Combats racial and social injustice. Tracks activities of hate groups and domestic terrorists, files lawsuits on behalf of their victims, advocates for reforms and provides free teaching materials. For more details, see www.splcenter.org. Amount given: $380,000 (Years: 1993-95, 1998, 2000-present) 1736 Family Crisis Center (Los Angeles, CA) Provides assistance to victims of domestic violence, runaway and homeless youth, homeless families, the unemployed and other low-income community . The center opened its first shelter at 1736 Monterey Blvd., Hermosa Beach, CA. For more details, see. www.1736familycrisiscenter.org Amount given: $220,000 (1994-95, 1998, 2000-present) T.J. Martell Foundation (New York, NY) Funds leukemia, cancer and AIDS research. istered the Kristen Ann Carr Fund in 1993 and 1994, the fund's first two years. Martell was the son of Tony Martell, a CBS Records executive. He died from leukemia. For more details, see www.tjmartellfoundation.org. Amount given: $198,750 (1988-89, 1992-97) Kristen Ann Carr Fund (New York, NY) Gives grants for cancer research and seeks to improve the lives of cancer patients, especially adolescents and young adults. Carr was the daughter of Barbara Carr, Springsteen's comanager, and the stepdaughter of Dave Marsh, his biographer. She died from sarcoma, a form of cancer. For more details, see www.sarcoma.com. Amount given: $169,820 (1993-95, 2001-present) Other Springsteen donations: All proceeds of benefit concert in 1993. Proceeds from benefit concert in 2007. Tickets for each show on tour legs donated for benefit auctions in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2012. 180 Turning Lives Around (Hazlet, NJ) s and counsels victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. Formerly the Women's Center of Monmouth County. Patti Scialfa, Springsteen's wife and an E Street Band member, appears in the 2004 annual report. For more details, see www.180nj.org. Amount given: $160,000 (1998, 2002-present) Other Springsteen donations: Proceeds of benefit concerts in 1996, 2000-01, 2006, 2009. New England Shelter for Homeless Veterans (Boston, MA) Provides veterans with housing, food, education and training, employment assistance, health care, financial and legal services. Part of the New England Center for Homeless Veterans. For more details, see www.nechv.org. Amount given: $130,000 (1999, 2001, 2005-present) Other Springsteen donations: on tour in 1999.

Giving His Heart 19 Mental Health Association of Monmouth County (Shrewsbury, NJ) s individuals and families living with mental-health and substance-abuse issues. Conducts education and advocacy programs to promote mental health and wellness. of Mental Health America. For more details, see www.mentalhealthmonmouth.org. Amount given: $125,000 (2001, 2005-present) City of Hope (Duarte, CA) Fights cancer, diabetes, AIDS and other life-threatening diseases through independent biomedical research, treatment and education. For more details, see www.cityofhope.org. Amount given: $79,290 (1990, 1995-97) WhyHunger (formerly World Hunger Year) (New York, NY) Connects people to nutritious, affordable food and s grassroots efforts to end hunger and poverty. Springsteen is a founding member of an , Artists Against Hunger and Poverty. For more details, see www.whyhunger.org. Amount given: $75,000 (1992-94) Other Springsteen donations: Appearance at multi-artist benefit in 1987. Proceeds of benefit concerts in 1993 and 1995. All proceeds of benefit concert in 2005. Tour in 2000, 2007 and 2009. Appearance at benefit dinner in 2007. San Diego Youth Services (SDYS)/The Storefront/The Bridge (San Diego, CA) SDYS, formerly San Diego Youth & Community Services, aids homeless, runaway, abused and at-risk youth in the San Diego area. The Storefront is an emergency shelter and the Bridge is a group home run by SDYS. For more details, see www.sdyouthservices.org. Amount given: $70,000 ($10,000, 2001, 2005/$30,000, 1999, 2006-07/$20,000, 2006-07) Other Springsteen donations: on tour in 1999. APLA and amfAR-Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA) APLA is the AIDS Project Los Angeles, which assists people suffering with HIV/AIDS and pursues prevention, education and advocacy. amfAR is the American Foundation for AIDS Research, based in New York, which awards grants to research teams worldwide. For more details, see www.apla.org and www.amfar.org. Amount given: $60,000 (1993) Saturday Soup of Asbury Park (Asbury Park, NJ) Soup kitchen that provides hot lunches every Saturday at Trinity Church, an Episcopal congregation. For more details, see www.trinitynj.com/3soupkitchen.html. Amount given: $55,500 (2008-present) Project Angel Food (Los Angeles, CA) Delivers daily meals for people homebound or disabled by HIV/AIDS or other serious illnesses. For more details, see angelfood.org. Amount given: $52,500 (1994, 1996-97, 2008-present; includes $5,000 donation to Divine Design benefit sale in 1994)

Giving His Heart 20 The Bridge (Phoenix, AZ) Provides transitional housing.Website unavailable in February 2012. Amount given: $50,000 (1999, 2002-05) Other Springsteen donations: on tour in 1999, 2002 and 2005. National AIDS Brigade (Boston, MA) Distributes needles to intravenous drug s. Website unavailable in February 2012. Amount given: $50,000 (1999, 2002, 2005-07) Other Springsteen donations: on tour in 1999 and 2002. Rainforest Foundation International (New York, NY) Promotes preservation of rainforests by providing to indigenous groups and local non-profit organizations. Founded by Sting and his wife, Trudie Styler. For more details, see www.rainforestfoundation.org. Amount given: $49,500 (1999, 2001, 2003-2007, 09-present) Other Springsteen donations: Appearance at private benefit dinner and concert in 1990. Appearances at multi-artist benefits in 1995 and 2010. Philadelphia Recreation and Planning (Philadelphia, PA) Operates Fairmount Park, the Dell Music Center and other facilities. For more details, see www.phila.gov/recreation. Amount given: $45,000 (1994) Women's Cancer Research Fund (Los Angeles, CA) Entertainment Industry Foundation program that raises funds to help develop more effective approaches to early diagnosis of women's cancers. For more details, see www.womenscancerresearchfund.org. Amount given: $45,000 (2004-present) Graham Windham (New York, NY) Provides early childhood programs and family and community services. Operates the Graham School, an educational, treatment and residential center. For more details, see www.graham-windham.org. Amount given: $41,176 (1988, 1992-94) Western Monmouth Habitat for Humanity (Freehold, NJ) Builds and rehabilitates houses through partnerships with low-income families, volunteer labor and donated materials. Local chapter of Habitat for Humanity International. For more details, see www.westmonhabitat.org Amount given: $37,500 (2006-present) The Center (Asbury Park, NJ) Provides housing and other services for people with HIV/AIDS. For more details, see www.thecenterinap.com. Amount given: $35,000 (2005-present) Other Springsteen donations: Proceeds of benefit concerts in 2000-01 and 2003-06.

Giving His Heart 21 Project Vote (Washington, DC) Empowers, educates and mobilizes marginalized and under-represented voters, including of low-income families, minorities and youth. For more details, see projectvote.org. Amount given: $35,000 (1991-92) Lunch Break (Red Bank, NJ) Provides food, clothing and fellowship to community in need and helps them become self-sufficient. For more details, see www.lunchbreak.org. Amount given: $33,000 (2003-present) Community Food Bank of New Jersey (Hillside, NJ) Fights hunger and poverty by distributing food, providing education and training, and helping low-income people meet basic needs. For more details, see www.njfoodbank.org. Amount given: $30,000 (1993, 2006) Other Springsteen donations: Proceeds of benefit concerts in 1993, 1995 and 2001-02. on tour in 1985, 2003, 2005-07, 2009 and 2012. Auction donations in 2008. Appearance in newspaper ment for 2008 fundraising campaign. Volunteer time at headquarters. $30,000 Deanne Indursky Lung Cancer Research Fund (New York, NY) 1, 2 Indursky died from the disease in 2008. Her husband, Artie, is an attorney for Springsteen. Epiphany House (Asbury Park, NJ) 1, 2 Freehold Borough YMCA Community Center (Freehold, NJ) 1 Guthrie Center (Great Barrington, MA) Lwala Community Alliance (Nashville, TN) 1 MDA/ALS (Shrewsbury, NJ) Philabundance (formerly Greater Philadelphia Food Bank, Philadelphia, PA) 2 $27,500: Music for Youth (New York, NY) 2 $25,000: The Africa Fund (New York, NY) Children's Diabetes Foundation (Denver, CO) Food & Hunger Hotline (New York, NY) 2 GMHC (New York, NY) Los Angeles Regional Food Bank (formerly Community Food Resources of Los Angeles, CA) 2 South Africa Information Fund $22,500: Tia Chucha's Centro Cultural (Sylmar, CA) 1, 2 $20,000: Alliance of Neighbors of Monmouth County (Highlands, NJ) 2 Community Church of New York City (New York, NY) Rainbow Kitchen Community Center (Newark, NJ) $18,500: Visiting Nurses Association of Central New Jersey (Freehold, NJ) 1 $17,000: Center for Early Education (West Hollywood, CA)

Giving His Heart 22 $15,000: Bob Woodruff Foundation (Bristow, VA) 1, 2 Children of the Night (Van Nuys, CA) 2 CHope Champions (San Francisco, CA) Rhythm and Blues Foundation (Philadelphia, PA) Second Harvest Food Bank of Central Florida (Orlando, FL) Zakim Fund, Lenny (Boston, MA) 2 $12,500: Paterson Habitat for Humanity (Paterson, NJ) 2 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation (New York, NY) 2 $10,000: Alameda County Community Food Bank (Oakland, CA) 2 Alexandra Rose Tozzi Memorial Foundation (Spring Lake, NJ) 1, 2 Arkansas Foodbank Network (Little Rock, AR) 2 Blythedale Children's Hospital (Valhalla, NY) Bridges (Summit, NJ) California Rural Legal Assistance Inc. (Madera, CA) 2 Capitol Area Food Bank (Washington, DC) 2 Cleveland Food Bank (Cleveland, OH) 2 Cooperative Feeding Program Inc. (Fort Lauderdale, FL) 2 Dancy, Joan & PALS Foundation (Red Bank, NJ) 1, 2 Dancy died in 2005 of ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease. PALS stands for People with ALS. She was the fiancée of Terry Magovern, Springsteen's assistant from 1987 until his death in 2007. Department of Veteran Affairs (Miami, FL) Dignity Housing (Philadelphia, PA) Feeding America Eastern Wisconsin (formerly Second Harvest Food Bank of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI) 2 Feeding America Tampa Bay (formerly Divine Providence Inc. Food Bank, Tampa, FL) 2 First A.M.E. Church (location unknown) Food Bank of the State College Area (State College, PA) 2 Food Bank of Western New York (Buffalo, NY) 2 Gleaners Food Bank of Indiana (Indianapolis, IN) 2 Great Plains Food Bank (Fargo, ND) 2 Greater Boston Food Bank (Boston, MA) 2 Greater Chicago Food Bank (Chicago, IL) 2 Kensington Welfare Rights Union (Philadelphia, PA) 2 Mid-Ohio Food Bank (Columbus, OH) Minnesota Coalition for the Homeless (Minneapolis, MN) 2 Monmouth County Friends of Clearwater (Red Bank, NJ) 2 Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy Center (New York, NY) North Texas Food Bank (Dallas, TX) 2 Patient Assistance Fund (location unknown) St. Vincent de Paul Society (Oakland, CA) Share Our Strength (Washington, DC) Supplemental Food Providers (Albany, NY) 2 Westside Children's Community Center (Culver City, CA) Woody Guthrie Foundation (Mount Kisco, NY) 2

Giving His Heart 23 $8,000: Hispanic Affairs & Resource Center (Asbury Park, NJ) 2 No address listed for 2005. New York address listed for 2006. $6,000: Thunder Road (location unknown) $5,500: The Spot (Asbury Park, NJ) $5,000: Atlanta Community Food Bank (Atlanta, GA) 2 Community Food Bank of Clark County (Las Vegas, NV) 2 Elton John AIDS Foundation (New York, NY) Habitat for Humanity of Long Branch (Long Branch, NJ) Porcaro, Jeff, Memorial Fund (Los Angeles, CA) Porcaro co-founded Toto and appeared on Springsteen's "Human Touch" album. Second Harvest Food Bank of Metrolina (Charlotte, NC) Special People United to Ride (Lincroft, NJ) 1, 2 Stabile, Michael B. '97 Memorial Scholarship Fund, Trinity-Pawling School (Pawling, NY) 1 Stabile was the son of Jan Stabile, who works for Springsteen's artist-management firm. $4,800: Fresh Air Foundation (New York, NY) $4,000: Children's Specialized Hospital (Mountainside, NJ) $3,500: United Service Organization (USO - Washington, DC) 1 $2,500: UCLA Foundation (Los Angeles, CA) $2,000: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis. TN) 1 $1,000: CARE (Atlanta, GA) Children's Cancer Research Fund (Minneapolis, MN) Freedom Fields USA (Carmel, CA) Liberty Hill Foundation (Los Angeles, CA) Media Network Information Center (location unknown) Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (Hagerstown, MD) 1 Tuesday's Child (location unknown) West Side Christian Academy (Red Bank, NJ) 1 $500: Colts Neck Volunteer Fire Department (Colts Neck, NJ) 1 2

- Donation made in 2010. - Recipient of additional Springsteen from other sources.

Giving His Heart 24 APPENDIX D - THE FOUNDATION'S BENEFICIARIES All information was obtained from 990-PF filings. YEAR 2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

FAMILY NAME

MUNICIPALITY

Bartoli

Middletown

Mandelba

Middletown

Totaro

AREA

COUNTY

GRANT

Monmouth

$5500

Belford

Monmouth

9150

Middletown

Belford

Monmouth

10600

Desbiens

Middletown

Belford

Monmouth

6900

Also 2009

Hagomi

Neptune

Monmouth

5430

Also 2009

Wormley

Tinton Falls

Monmouth

13000

Shostes

Neptune

Monmouth

3000

Shaw

Atlantic City

Atlantic

6000

Clarke

Long Branch

Monmouth

7080

Chandler

Red Bank

Monmouth

9775

Desbiens

Middletown

Monmouth

5000

Boys & Girls Clubs

Asbury Park

Belford

Monmouth

3500

O'Grady

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

5125

Hagomi

Neptune

Monmouth

4000

Marisa

Pitman

Gloucester

4000

Hawarezak

Middletown

Belford

Monmouth

8715

Torgenson

Middletown

Port Monmouth

Monmouth

7875

O'Grady

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

3200

Tilman

Eatontown

Monmouth

8995

Chrobicinski

Long Branch

Monmouth

5800

NOTES Also 2001

Also 2008

Also 2004?

Barker

Long Branch

Monmouth

10000

Cleffie

Long Branch

Monmouth

9975

Catamar

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

7075

Gagliardo

Middletown

Monmouth

5850

Also 2006

Deluzio

Englishtown

Monmouth

5375

Also 2005

Tortorzello

Middletown

Monmouth

9860

Fonseca

Manalapan

Monmouth

4950

Buck

Eatontown

Monmouth

9335

Shibazz

Asbury Park

Monmouth

4250

Coleman

Neptune

Monmouth

5200

Washington/Taylor

Asbury Park

Monmouth

2400

Gagliardo

Middletown

Monmouth

4500

Chad

Asbury Park

Monmouth

4000

Giving His Heart 25 YEAR 2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

FAMILY NAME

MUNICIPALITY

AREA

COUNTY

GRANT

Harris

Leonia

Bergen

$4672

Raphnil

Long Branch

Monmouth

8950

Skelly

Middletown

Monmouth

9550

Mazza

Long Branch

Monmouth

8650

Deluzio

Englishtown

Monmouth

4000

Kulakowski

Middletown

Monmouth

3900

Chrobocinski

Long Branch

Monmouth

12100

Robinson

Asbury Park

Monmouth

1500

Killeen

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

15300

Gallagher

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

3000

Harris

Leonia

Bergen

5000

Shorter

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

2750

Tyler

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

12525

Vinci

Long Branch

Monmouth

8250

Port Monmouth

Tuohey

Middletown

Monmouth

2795

Mitchell

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

8350

Garnett

Middletown

Monmouth

1950

Katz

Red Bank

Monmouth

6500

Pierce

Neptune

Monmouth

8800

Menendez

Middletown

Monmouth

8750

Svenson

Keansburg

Monmouth

12079

Nixon

Neptune

Monmouth

7800

Bartoli

Middletown

Monmouth

9300

Boker

Tinton Falls

Monmouth

7850

Ferraro

Long Branch

Monmouth

8600

Piper

Freehold

Monmouth

7350

Jackson

Asbury Park

Monmouth

9500

Schecterman

Belmar

Monmouth

10000

Archi

Belmar

Monmouth

7875

Spera

Wall

Monmouth

7925

Finnerty

Loch Arbour

Monmouth

9200

Monmouth

16183

Harrington

1*

Monica

Rumson

4500

Fond

2*

Maclino

Long Branch

Monmouth

9960

Hill

Asbury Park

Monmouth

9600

Beava

Spring Lake Heights

Monmouth

7950

9235

NOTES Also 2004

Giving His Heart 26 YEAR 2000

FAMILY NAME

MUNICIPALITY

AREA

COUNTY

GRANT

Castello

3*

Stewart

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

9600

Crespo

Bradley Beach

Monmouth

1650

Harris

Long Branch

Monmouth

3100

NOTES

$7400

Lewis

Middletown

Monmouth

2500

Randolph

Bradley Beach

Port Monmouth

Monmouth

8700

Marino

Old Bridge

Middlesex

7650

Masotti

Wall

Monmouth

7900

Mautner

Ocean

Monmouth

4600

West Allenhurst

1* - Address listed as 203 Bing Ave.; no town given. Bangs Ave. is is Asbury Park and Neptune. 2* - Address listed as 711 Beachview Ave.; no town given. May be Keyport or Union Beach. 3* - Address listed as 3 Campbell Drive; no town given. May be Eatontown. 1999

De Rojntis

Long Branch

Monmouth

5000

Donato

Long Branch

Monmouth

8250

Tejan-Sie

Long Branch

Monmouth

9600

Oneal (4*)

Atlantic Highlands

Monmouth

8400

Cyrus

Neptune

Monmouth

9250

Tomaini

5*

Monmouth

9340

Hall

Asbury Park

Monmouth

7750

6*

Sea Bright

Monmouth

1000

Fionillo

Asbury Park

Monmouth

9600

Walker

Neptune

Monmouth

8100

Harris

Long Branch

Monmouth

9300

Lewis

Middletown

Monmouth

7500

Baird

Red Bank

Monmouth

7200

Port Monmouth

Also 1998

4* - Name mispelled as Oriel. Address listed as 20 South Ave.; no town given. Verified via SuperPages.com. 5* - Address listed as 11 Center St.; no town given. May be one of several towns. 6* - No name given. 1998

Fratello

Keyport

Howard

Long Branch

Cliffwood Beach

Monmouth

1700

Monmouth

4465

Boldridge

Freehold

Monmouth

8800

Stanley

Middletown

Lincroft

Monmouth

8700

Tepper (7*)

Middletown

Port Monmouth

Monmouth

9200

Gillan

Neptune

Monmouth

9875

Collier

Red Bank

Monmouth

8700

Bullock

Asbury Park

Monmouth

9400

De Rojntis

Long Branch

Monmouth

2500

7* - Name misspelled as Teppen. Address listed as 22 Georgia Ave.; no town given. Verified via SuperPages.com.

Also 1997

Giving His Heart 27 YEAR 1997

FAMILY NAME

MUNICIPALITY

AREA

COUNTY

GRANT

Applegate

Keyport

Monmouth

$8775

DeMarzo

Long Branch

Monmouth

10000

Alfano

Middletown

Monmouth

7800

Bostwick

Long Branch

Monmouth

9750

Port Monmouth (8*)

Sanford

Middletown

Monmouth

2700

Marotta

Long Branch

Belford

Monmouth

9500

Jackson

Ocean (9*)

Monmouth

8300

Howard

Neptune

Monmouth

4300

Harris

Asbury Park

Monmouth

8160

Noowan

Neptune

Monmouth

9600

Shearer

Keyport (10*)

Monmouth

9100

Helinger

Fair Haven

Monmouth

2975

Monmouth

7500

Monmouth

6360

Fratello

Keyport

Howard

Long Branch

Cliffwood Beach (11*)

8* - Port missing from name. Verified via SuperPages.com. 9* - No town given. Verified via Google. 10* - No town given. Verified via Google. 11* - Town listed as Clifford. Verified via Google. 1996

Filing unavailable

1995

Filing unavailable

1994

Filing unavailable

1993

Recipients unlisted

1992

Recipients unlisted

1991

Recipents unlisted

1990

V. Johnson

N/A

N/A

6899

Layton

N/A

N/A

655

Monegrasso

N/A

N/A

986

Palmer

N/A

N/A

10196

Bradham

N/A

N/A

4500

Barr

N/A

N/A

6685

Egypt

N/A

N/A

6150

Fisler

N/A

N/A

6750

A. & G. Johnson

N/A

N/A

2200

Nervo

N/A

N/A

8800

Boker

N/A

N/A

2380

NOTES

Giving His Heart 28 YEAR 1990

1989

FAMILY NAME

MUNICIPALITY

AREA

COUNTY

GRANT

Moore

N/A

N/A

$9400

Newman

N/A

N/A

3215

Menkel

N/A

N/A

4345

Newton

N/A

N/A

8500

Loveland

N/A

N/A

963

Parenti

N/A

N/A

4000

Allen

N/A

N/A

2890

Hartsgrove

N/A

N/A

400

Sosdian

Howell

Monmouth

8125

NOTES

Giving His Heart 29 APPENDIX E - BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN'S BENEFICIARES Information was obtained from Brucebase and additional sources, listed in Works Cited. Organizations in Appendix C are excluded. BENEFIT CONCERTS (including holiday & rehearsal shows) 22nd U.S. Colored Troops (Asbury Park, NJ) American Red Cross, Jersey Coast Chapter (Tinton Falls, NJ) Asbury Park Blue Bishops Junior Pee-Wee Football (NJ) Asbury Park Boot Camp (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park Citizens on Patrol (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park Community Center Fund, City of (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park Fire Department (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park High School Band (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park Performing Arts Center for Children (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park Police Explorers Post (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park Public Library (Asbury Park, NJ) Asbury Park Seniors (Asbury Park, NJ) ASTEP after-school education program (Asbury Park, NJ) Boston College (Boston, MA) Boys and Girls Clubs of Monmouth County (Asbury Park, NJ) 1 Christic Institute (Washington, DC) Clean Ocean Action (Highlands, NJ) Count Basie Theatre Foundation (Red Bank, NJ) 2 The Danny Fund (Washington, DC) Doubletake magazine (Somerville, MA) Early Intervention Program of Monmouth & Ocean Counties (Red Bank, NJ) Embrace Kids Foundation (formerly the Institute for Children with Cancer and Blood Disorders, New Brunswick, NJ) Family & Children's Services (Long Branch, NJ) FoodBank of Monmouth & Ocean Counties (Neptune, NJ) 2 Greater Asbury Park Chamber of Commerce (Asbury Park, NJ) Hope Academy Charter School (Asbury Park, NJ) Interfaith Neighbors (Asbury Park, NJ) John Steinbeck Research Center at San Jose State University (San Jose, CA) Main Point (Bryn Mawr, PA) 2 Monmouth County Arts Council (Red Bank, NJ) Parker Family Health Clinic (Red Bank, NJ) 2 Prevention First (Oakhurst, NJ) Ranney School (Tinton Falls, NJ) 2 Rumson Country Day School (Rumson, NJ) S.T.A.R.S. Community Development Corp. (Asbury Park, NJ) St. Rose of Lima Community Center (Freehold, NJ) Salvation Army's Asbury Park Corps (Asbury Park, NJ) Save Tillie Foundation (Baltimore, MD) Sisters Academy (Asbury Park, NJ)

Giving His Heart 30 Stephen Crane House (Asbury Park, NJ) Substance Abuse Resources (Oakhurst, NJ) Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation (Washington, DC) West Side Community Center (Asbury Park, NJ) Beneficiaries of rehearsal concerts on Sept. 24-25, 2007 (Asbury Park, NJ) Beneficiaries of rehearsal concert on Sept. 28, 2007 (East Rutherford, NJ) MULTI-ARTIST BENEFIT CONCERTS Amnesty International (London, GBR) 2 Autism Speaks (New York, NY) Bandiera Jr., Robert, son of guitarist Bobby Bandiera (NJ) Big Brothers of Monmouth County (Eatontown, NJ) Bridge School (Hillsborough, CA) Caml, Bob, Shakes lead singer (Asbury Park, NJ) Clinton Bush Haiti Fund (Baltimore, MD) Flood Aid (Pittsburgh, PA) Gateway Schools (New York, NY) Holiday Express (Tinton Falls, NJ) Joe Torre Safe at Home Foundation (New York, NY) Light of Day Foundation (Highland Park, NJ) Muscular Dystrophy Association, Southern California chapter (Los Angeles, CA) Muscular Dystrophy Association of Monmouth County (Red Bank, NJ) MusiCares (Santa Monica, CA) Musicians United for Safe Energy (Los Angeles, CA) Oxfam America (Boston, MA) Partners in Health (Boston, MA) Rainforest Foundation (New York, NY) Red Cross (Washington, DC) Robin Hood Foundation (New York, NY) Rock & Roll Hall of Fame & Museum (Cleveland, OH) Sgt. Patrick King Memorial Fund (Belmar, NJ) UNICEF (New York, NY) U.N. World Food Programme (Rome, ITA) United Way September 11th Telethon Fund (New York, NY) Yele Haiti Foundation (New York, NY) Beneficiaries of All Star Benefit for the Homeless Children (1987) Beneficiaries of Concert for Life (1994) Beneficiaries of Survival Sunday (1981) BENEFIT RECORDINGS Artists United Against Apartheid (New York. NY) Brookdale Public Radio (Lincroft, NJ) Corporation for Public Broadcasting (Washington, DC) Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund (Hartford, CT) Fallen Patriot Fund (Dallas, TX) Give US Your Poor (Boston, MA)

Giving His Heart 31 Hungry for Music (Washington, DC) Iraq Veterans Against the War (Philadelphia, PA) Jersey Artists for Mankind (Asbury Park, NJ) Pediatric AIDS Foundation (Washington, DC) Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC) Special Olympics (Washington, DC) USA for Africa (Los Angeles, CA) TOUR Berkeley Food and Housing Project (formerly Berkeley Emergency Food Project, Berkeley, CA) Blue Ridge Area Food Bank (Verona, VA) Bridgeport Rescue Mission (Bridgeport, CT) California Emergency Foodlink (Sacramento, CA) Capital Area Food Bank of Texas (Austin, TX) Capuchin Soup Kitchen (Detroit, MI) Caritas Denmark (Copenhagen, DNK) Central New York Labor-Religion Coalition (Syracuse, NY) Central Pennsylvania Food Bank (Harrisburg, PA) Central Virginia Food Bank (formerly Virginia Community Food Bank, Richmond, VA) Childrens Hospital/Youth Ward '85 (Sydney, AUS) Children's Hunger Alliance (Columbus, OH) Citizens Action Coalition of Indiana (Indianapolis, IN) City Harvest (New York, NY) Coalition for the Homeless (New York, NY) Committee for Fairness and Dignity to the Homeless (Philadelphia, PA) Community Food Bank of Central Alabama (Birmingham, AL) Community Food Bank of Eastern Oklahoma (Tulsa, OK) Community Food Distribution Program (Philadelphia?, PA) Cooperative Feeding Program (Fort Lauderdale, FL) Crisis U.K. (London, GB) Daily Bread Food Bank (Toronto, ON) Dare to Care Food Bank (Louisville, KY) DC Central Kitchen (Washington, DC) Durham Miners' Wives Group (Durham, GBR) Edmonton Food Bank (Edmonton, AB) Emergency Care Help Organization (Tallahassee, FL) The Farm School (Athol, MA) Farmers Against Hunger (West Trenton, NJ) Feeding America West Michigan (formerly Second Harvest Gleaners Food Bank of Western Michigan, Comstock Park, MI) Feeding South Florida (formerly Daily Bread Food Bank, Miami, FL) Focus: Hope (Detroit, MI) Food Bank for New York City (formerly Community Food Resource Center, New York, NY) Food Bank for the Heartland (formerly Omaha Food Bank, Omaha, NE) Food Bank of Central and Eastern North Carolina (Durham, NC) Food Bank of Central New York (Syracuse, NY)

Giving His Heart 32 Food Bank of Contra Costa and Solano (Concord, CA) Food Bank of Corpus Christi (Corpus Christi, TX) Food Bank of Iowa (formerly Food Bank of Central Iowa, Des Moines, IA) Food Bank of Lincoln (Lincoln, NE) Food Bank of Oakland County (Pontiac, MI; unit of Gleaners Community Food Bank of Southeastern Michigan) Food Bank of the Rockies (formerly Colorado Food Clearing House, Denver, CO) Food Lifeline (Shoreline, WA) The Food Project (Boston, MA) Food Share Metro Toronto (Toronto, ON) Foodbank of Southeastern Virginia (Norfolk, VA) Foodlink (Rochester, NY) Foodshare (Bloomfield, CT) Freestore Foodbank (Cincinnati, OH) Gleaners Community Food Bank of Southeastern Michigan (Detroit, MI) God's Pantry Food Bank (formerly God's Pantry Crisis Food Center, Lexington, KY) Good Foods Coop (Lexington, KY) Greater Baton Rouge Food Bank (Baton Rouge, LA) Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (Vancouver, BC) Greensboro Urban Ministry (Greensboro, NC) Growing Power (Milwaukee, WI) GrowingGardens (Portland, OR) Hackensack Riverkeeper (Hackensack, NJ) Hartford Food System (Hartford, CT) Harvest Hope (Columbia, SC) Harvesters - The Community Food Network (Kansas City, MO) Houston Food Bank (formerly Houston-Galveston Area Food Bank, Houston, TX) Japanese charity for widows of men killed in traffic accidents (name, location unknown) Just Harvest (Pittsburgh, PA) Long Island Cares (Hauppauge, NY) Maryland Food Bank (Baltimore, MD) Mid-South Food Bank (formerly Memphis Food Bank, Memphis, TN) Moisson Montreal (Montreal, QC) Musicians on Call (New York, NY) 2 New Jersey Citizens Action (Newark, NJ) New Jersey Interfaith Partnership for Disaster Recovery (closed July 2009; Hillside, NJ) New Jerseyans for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (Trenton, NJ) New Orleans Musicians' Clinic (New Orleans, LA) New York Cares (New York, NY) New York City Coalition Against Hunger (New York, NY) New York State Community Action Association (formerly New York Community Action Network, Guilderland, NY) New Yorkers for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (formerly New York Against the Death Penalty, Albany, NY) Northwest Harvest (Seattle, WA) Ohio Association of Second Harvest Foodbanks (Columbus, OH)

Giving His Heart 33 Oldtimers Foundation (formerly Steelworkers Oldtimers Foundation, Huntington Park, CA) Operation Food Search (St. Louis, MO) Oregon Food Bank (formerly Oregon Food Share, Portland, OR) Ottawa Food Bank (Ottawa, ON) Oxfam International (Oxford, GBR) P.A.T.H. - People Assisting the Homeless (Los Angeles, CA) Paterson Habitat for Humanity (Paterson, NJ) People of Faith Against the Death Penalty (Carrboro, NC) People's Clinic (Clifton, AZ) People's Grocery (Oakland, CA) Prince Alexander Hospital Transplant Trust Fund (Brisbane, AUS) Project Green Leaf (Greensboro, NC) Rainbow Kitchen Community Services (Pittsburgh, PA) Refuge (formerly Chiswick Family Rescue, London, GBR) Regional Food Bank of Northeastern New York (Latham, NY) Rescue Mission Alliance (Syracuse, NY) Rhode Island Community Food Bank (Providence, RI) Rochester Roots (Rochester, NY) St. Louis Area Foodbank (Bridgeton, MO) St. Mary's Food Bank Alliance (Phoenix, AZ) San Antonio Food Bank (San Antonio, TX) San Francisco Food Bank (San Francisco, CA) Second Harvest Food Bank of Greater New Orleans and Acadiana (New Orleans, LA) Second Harvest Food Bank of Middle Tennessee (Nashville, TN) Second Harvest Food Bank of Northwest North Carolina (Greensboro, NC) Second Harvest Food Bank of Orange County (Irvine, CA) Second Harvest Food Bank of Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties (San Jose, CA) Second Harvest Food Bank of Southern Wisconsin (Madison, WI) Second Harvest Heartland (St. Paul, MN) Second Harvest North Florida (Jacksonville, FL) Simon Community (Dublin, IRL) South Brisbane Immigration and Community Legal Service (Brisbane, AUS) Steelworkers for Steelworkers (Gary, IN) Steelworkers Local 1397 Food Bank (Homestead, PA; predecessor of Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank, Duquesne, PA) Sydney City Mission (Sydney, AUS) Table to Table (Englewood Cliffs, NJ) Tarrant Area Food Bank (Fort Worth, TX) Unite Here Local 12 (Cincinnati, OH) United Food Bank (Mesa, AZ) United Way Community Food Bank (Birmingham, AL) Vietnam Veterans Association of Australia (Melbourne, AUS) Washington Community Action Network (formerly Washington Fair Share, Seattle, WA) West Seattle Food Bank (Seattle, WA) Worcester County Food Bank (Worcester, MA)

Giving His Heart 34 OTHER Equestrian Aid Foundation (Wellington, FL) Monmouth County SPCA (Eatontown, NJ) Move for Hunger (Neptune, NJ) U.S. Equestrian Team Foundation (Gladstone, NJ) 1 2

- Recipient of 2009 grant from The Foundation, as shown in Appendix C. - Recipient of funds from more than one source of .

Giving His Heart 35 NOTES Annual returns filed by the Thrill Hill Foundation, Inc., and The Foundation, Inc., on Internal Revenue Service Form 990-PF through 2010 are the source for all details cited in this paper, except where noted.

Introduction 1

"Springsteen's Golden Reel Award Nets Freehold Area Hospital $1,000," Asbury Park

Press, 25 Nov. 1978. n.pag. 2

Author analysis of Brucebase and additional sources. Each organization is listed in

Appendix C or Appendix E. 3

"Bruce Springsteen Named 2013 MusiCares Person of the Year," Grammy.com.

28 June 2012. 4

Brucebase. 1984 gigs. n.d.

5

Mark Roth, "Homestead Works: Steel lives in its stories," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,

30 July 2006. 6

Dave Marsh, Bruce Springsteen: Two Hearts, the Definitive Biography, 1972-2003 (New

York: Routledge, 2003) 489. 7

Brucebase, 1984-85 gigs. n.d.; Marsh 527, 530, 558-59; Christopher Sandford,

Springsteen: Point Blank (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 1999) 258. 8

Marsh and Sandford.

9

Marsh 493-494.

10

Marsh, Sun City: the Making of the Record (New York: Penguin, 1985) 94.

Giving His Heart 36 11

Thrill Hill was a stretch of roadway in Middletown, near Springsteen's hometown of

Freehold, which attracted thrill-seeking drivers. The road featured a 30-foot hill that would cause speeding cars to go airborne. Four people were killed there in a car crash in December 1965, and the hill was leveled afterward. "County to Remove `Thrill Hill'; Curbs Speeds, Posts New Signs." The Daily [Red Bank, NJ], 22 Dec. 1965. 12

Dun & Bradstreet credit report search. n.d.

13

California Secretary of State, "Business Entity Detail." 22 June 2012.

14

Economic Research Institute, "Nonprofit Organization Information." n.d.

15

Business Records Service, State of New Jersey Division of Revenue. Certificate of

incorporation. 6 Aug. 1989. 16

Economic Research Institute. "Nonprofit Organization Information." n.d.

17

Adam Sandler. "Breslauer, Jacobson to close." Variety, 28 Mar. 1994.

18

Author telephone calls to the firm's office, May 2012.

19

Marsh, 521.

Thrill Hill Foundation 1

990-PFs for Thrill Hill and The Foundation are due by May 15. Their fiscal year ends on

Dec. 31, and the IRS filing deadline is the 15th day of the 5th month after the fiscal year end. "Annual Exempt Organization Return Due Date," Internal Revenue Service. 30 Jan. 2012. 2

"Part 21, Chapter 7, Section 7: Exempt Organizations and Tax Exempt Bonds."

Internal Revenue Service manual. 18 Oct. 2011. 3

Tour dates taken from Brucebase.

4

Brucebase.

Giving His Heart 37 5

Descriptions are based on the groups' web sites, as listed in Appendix C.

6

Description is based on the group's web site, www.sarcoma.com.

7

Bruce Springsteen. "My Hometown." Born in the U.S.A. CD. Columbia, 1984.

8

David Remnick, "We Are Alive: Bruce Springsteen at Sixty-Two." The New Yorker,

30 July 2012, 50. Web. 9

June Skinner Sawyers, ed., Racing in the Street: The Bruce Springsteen Reader (New

York: Penguin, 2004) 410. Print. 10

Council on Foundations, "Corporate Legal Corner: Calculating the Five Percent Payout,"

Cof.org, November 2008.

The Foundation 1

Brenda L. Burk, Foundation Center Historical Foundation Collection. "Re: Form 990-PF

research request." Message to the author. 22 Feb. 2012. 2

Donald R. Friedman, Grubman Indurksy Shire & Meiselas, P.C. Letter to the author.

12 June 2012. 19 June 2012. The correspondence was a response to the author's letters, dated 6 April 12 and 6 May 12, to Nancy Chapman and follow-up telephone calls to her office. 3

Bill Bastone, The Smoking Gun. "Re: Filings by the Foundation." Message to the author.

27 Mar. 12. 4

Jesse Drucker, "Springsteen's life built on foundation of giving -- quietly." The Star-

Ledger [Newark, NJ], 11 Aug. 1999, n.p. 5

Obituary for John P. Sosdian, Asbury Park Press, 17 June 2011, n.p.; obituary for his

mother, Loretta M. Sosdian, Asbury Park Press, 25 Aug. 2011, n.p. 6

Drucker.

Giving His Heart 38 7

Brucebase. Springsteen staged two benefit concerts for the club in 1996. He donated

proceeds from holiday concerts in 2000-01, 03-04 and rehearsal concerts in 2005-06, 09.

Private Foundations and Springsteen's Philanthropy 1

Brucebase.

2

Brucebase.

3

Auction listings by Kristen Ann Carr Fund/Musicians on Call, Food Bank of Iowa and

Paterson (N.J.) Habitat for Humanity. 4

Author estimate based on Brucebase and Marsh, 493-494.

5

Brucebase and 990-PF filings.

6

Author review of annual reports by food banks that Springsteen s. Out of 17 with

reports on their web sites that included donor lists, 15 named Thrill Hill Productions. The Cleveland Foodbank and the Greater Boston Food Bank, which received Thrill Hill Foundation grants in 2000, used the foundation's name for contributions in later years even though its 990-PF filings didn't show any. 7

"Bruce Springsteen Wrecking Ball Online Auction Feb. 28 - Jul. 25," CharityBuzz, n.d.

8

"Springsteen tickets auctioned for charity," MTV.com, 14 Aug. 1999.

9

"4 Tickets and E-Street Lounge es to See Bruce Springsteen LIVE on September 21st

at Wells Fargo Arena in Des Moines, IA!" CharityBuzz, 18 Sept. 2009; "Bid to Paterson Habitat for Humanity." CharityBuzz, 31 July 2009. 10 "

Matthew 6." Holy Bible, New International Version.

11

Springsteen. "Crush on You." The River. CD. Columbia, 1980.

Giving His Heart 39 WORKS CITED

"4 Tickets and E-Street Lounge es to See Bruce Springsteen LIVE on September 21st at Wells Fargo Arena in Des Moines, IA!" CharityBuzz. 18 Sept. 2009. Web. 3 July 2012. 180 Turning Lives Around Inc. Fiscal Year 2004 Annual Report. Hazlet, NJ: 180 Turning Lives Around, 2004. Web. 1 April 2012. "2003 Holiday Shows: Peace, Love, Understanding, and Soul." Backstreets.com. 16 Dec. 2003. Web. 1 April 2012. Bastone, Bill, The Smoking Gun. "Re: Filings by the Foundation." Message to the author. 27 March 2012. E-mail. "Bid to Paterson Habitat for Humanity," CharityBuzz. 31 July 2009. Web. 25 March 2012. Blue Ridge Area Food Bank. 2009-10 Annual Report. Verona, VA: Blue Ridge Area Food Bank, 2010. Web. 9 June 2012. "Breakup of Breslauer, Jacobson, Rutman & Chapman changes the status quo of managers' world," The Los Angeles Times, 1 April 1994. Web. 6 March 2012. "Bruce Springsteen Plays Surprise Stone Pony Gig to Benefit Son's College." WMMR.com. 19 Oct. 2009. Web. 27 June 2012. <www.wmmr.com/music/news/Story.aspx?ID=1153076> "Bruce Springsteen Named 2013 MusiCares Person of the Year." Grammy.com. 28 June 2012. Web. 29 June 2012.

Giving His Heart 40 "Bruce Springsteen Taps Caritas Denmark to Feed Hungry Hearts." Caritas Denmark. 11 July 2012. Web. 12 July 2012 "Bruce Springsteen Wrecking Ball Online Auction Feb. 28 - Jul. 25." CharityBuzz. n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 12 Brucebase. July 2012. Tangient LLC. n.d. Web. Business Records Service, State of New Jersey Division of Revenue. Certificate of incorporation. 6 Aug. 1989. Web. 7 Mar. 2012. California Secretary of State. "Business Entity Detail." 22 June 2012. Web. 25 June 2012. Capital Area Food Bank. Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007-2008. Washington: Capital Area Food Bank, 2008. Web. 9 June 2012. "Charity Begins at Home." Backstreets.com. 21 April 2006. Web. 1 April 2012. Children's Hunger Alliance. 2008 Annual Report. Columbus, OH: Children's Hunger Alliance, 2008. Web. 9 June 2012. Cleveland Foodbank. 2005-08, 2010 annual reports. Cleveland: Cleveland Foodbank, 2005-08, 10. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

Giving His Heart 41 "Come on Slim, Slip Me In, Man! Less choir, more guitar, as Bruce rocks Harry's Roadhouse." Backstreets.com, 20 Dec. 2004. Web. 1 April 2012. Cotter, Kelly Jane. "Bon Jovi and Bruce Keep Hope Alive." Asbury Park Press, 23 Dec. 2008. Web. 2 April 2012. ---. "Bruce Springsteen and Crew Tune Up in Asbury." Asbury Park Press, 24 March 2009. Web. 1 April 2012. Council on Foundations. "Corporate Legal Corner: Calculating the Five Percent Payout." Cof.org. November 2008. Web. 2 July 2012. "County to Remove `Thrill Hill'; Curbs Speeds, Posts New Signs." The Daily [Red Bank, NJ], 22 Dec. 1965. Web. 7 March 2012. D.C. Central Kitchen. The Future of Sustainability: Annual Report '09. Washington: D.C. Central Kitchen, 2009. Web. 9 June 2012. Drucker, Jesse. "Springsteen's life built on foundation of giving -- quietly." The Star-Ledger [Newark, NJ], 11 Aug. 1999. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. Dun & Bradstreet credit reports. Web. 1 July 2012. Food Project, The. 2008-09, 2009-10 annual reports. Boston: Food Project, 2009, 10. Web. 29 March 2012.

Giving His Heart 42 Friedman, Donald R., Grubman Indurksy Shire & Meiselas, P.C. Letter to the author. 12 June 2012. 19 June 2012. Print. Fussman, Cal. "Bruce Springsteen: It Happened in Jersey." Esquire. 1 Aug. 1995. Web. 26 June 2012. Gleaners Community Food Bank of Southeastern Michigan. 2008 Annual Report. Detroit: Gleaners Community Food Bank of Southeastern Michigan, 2008. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. Gleaners Food Bank of Indiana. 2006-07, 2007-08 annual reports. Indianapolis: Gleaners Food Bank of Indiana, 2007, 08. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Grayeb, Mike. "For Bruce Springsteen, `Do Something' Means Many Things." Circle! Summer 2005. Web. 12 March 12. Greater Boston Food Bank. 2007-09 annual reports. Boston: Greater Boston Food Bank, 2007-09. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Greater Chicago Food Depository. 2005-06 through 2009-10 annual reports. Chicago: Greater Chicago Food Depository, 2006-10. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Hamburger, Susan. "When They Said Sit Down, I Stood Up: Springsteen's Social Conscience, Activism, and Fan Response." Presented at the Glory Days Symposium, 9 Sept. 2005. Web. 29 Feb. 2012.

Giving His Heart 43 Hinckley, David. "Bruce Is Back - Listen Closely." The Daily News [New York]. 22 Nov. 1995. Web. 1 April 2012. ---. "The Boss Strikes a Chord at Party." The Daily News, 23 Oct. 2000. Web. 1 April 2012. Houston Food Bank. 2008 Annual Report. Houston: Houston Food Bank, 2008. Web. 10 June 2012. Internal Revenue Service. "Annual Exempt Organization Return Due Date." IRS.gov. 30 Jan. 2012. Web. 1 July 2012. ---. "Part 21, Chapter 7, Section 7: Exempt Organizations and Tax Exempt Bonds." IRS.gov. 18 Oct. 2011. Web. 1 July 2012 Jaeger, Barbara. "Warming Up the Boss - Lets Go in a Pre-Tour Show." The Record [Hackensack, NJ]. 23 March 1993. Web. 1 April 2012. "Jessica Springsteen in Equestrian Aid Foundation Benefit." Zimbio.com, 10 Dec. 2008. Web. 27 June 2012. Kristen Ann Carr Fund holiday letter. December 1995. Sarcoma.com. Web. 27 June 2012.

Giving His Heart 44 Luckytown Digest. "Bruce Springsteen Sets Holiday Benefit Concerts with the Max Weinberg 7 & Friends." Shore Fire Media press release. Luckytown.org. 12 Dec. 2000. Web. 1 April 2012. Marsh, Dave. Bruce Springsteen: Two Hearts, the Definitive Biography, 1972-2003. New York: Routledge, 2003. Print. ---. Sun City: The Making of the Record. New York: Penguin, 1985. Print. "Matthew 6." Holy Bible, New International Version. Biblos.com. Web. 2 July 2012. New York City Coalition Against Hunger. Annual Report 2007. New York: New York City Coalition Against Hunger, 2008. Web. 1 March 2012. North Texas Food Bank. 2003, 05, 08 annual reports. Dallas: North Texas Food Bank, 2003, 05, 08. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Obituary for John P. Sosdian, Asbury Park Press, 17 June 2011, n.p. Web. 6 June 2012. Obituary for Loretta M. Sosdian, Asbury Park Press, 25 Aug. 2011, n.p. Web. 18 June 2012. Orel, Matt. "Noteworthy Charitable Causes." Matt Orel's Bruce page. Web. 28 Feb. 12. Ottawa Food Bank. Annual Report 2007. Ottawa: Ottawa Food Bank, 2007. Web. 1 March 2012.

Giving His Heart 45 "Peter Buck & Bruce's Bucks." The Smoking Gun, 1 Nov. 2001. Web. 10 Feb. 2012 Philabundance. Leading the Way: 2010 Community Report. Philadelphia: Philabundance, July 2011. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Regional Food Bank of Northeastern New York. 2009 Annual Report. Latham, NY: Regional Food Bank of Northeastern New York, 2009. Web. 10 June 2012. Remnick, David. "We Are Alive: Bruce Springsteen at Sixty-Two." The New Yorker. 30 July 2012. Web. 23 July 2012. Roth, Mark. "Homestead Works: Steel lives in its stories." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 30 July 2006. Web. 1 July 2012. Sandford, Christopher. Springsteen: Point Blank. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 1999. Print. Sandler, Adam. "Breslauer, Jacobson to close." Variety. 28 March 1994. Web. 6 March 2012. Second Harvest Heartland. 2008 Annual Report. St. Paul, MN: Second Harvest Heartland, 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Skinner Sawyers, June, ed. Racing in the Street: The Bruce Springsteen Reader. New York: Penguin, 2004. Print.

Giving His Heart 46 Spera, Keith. Groove Interrupted: Loss, Renewal, and the Music of New Orleans. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2011. Print. Springsteen, Bruce. "Crush on You." The River. CD. Columbia, 1980. BruceSpringsteen.net. Web. 2 July 2012. ---. "My Hometown." Born in the U.S.A. CD. Columbia, 1984. BruceSpringsteen.net. Web. 2 July 2012. "Springsteen and E Street Band Plan Asbury Park `Rehearsal' Shows." MTV.com. 16 March 1999. Web. 1 April 2012. "Springsteen opens benefit concert series." AsburyPark.net. 3 Dec. 2001. Web. 4 April 2012. "Springsteen Show Proceeds Earmarked to Fight Hunger." 24 April 2005. Web. 26 March 2012 "Springsteen's Golden Reel Award Nets Freehold Area Hospital $1,000," Asbury Park Press, 25 Nov. 1978. n. pag. Print. The Foundation, Inc. 990-PF filings for 2001-10. The Foundation Center. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. ---. 990-PF filings for 1998-2000. NOZA/Grantsmart. Web. 12 Feb. 2012

Giving His Heart 47 ---. 990-PF filings for 1988-93. Foundation Center Historical Foundation Collection, Ruth Lilly Special Collection and Archives, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Brenda L. Burk, philanthropic studies archivist. "Re: Form 990-PF search request." Message to the author. 22 Feb. 2012. E-mail. Also "Early The Foundation Returns." Message to the author. 6 March 2012. E-mail. Thrill Hill Foundation, Inc. 990-PF filings for 2001-10. The Foundation Center. Web. 12 Feb. 2012 ---. 990-PF filings for 1997-2000. NOZA/Grantsmart. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. ---. 990-PF filings for 1988-96. Foundation Center Historical Foundation Collection. Brenda L. Burk. "Re: Form 990-PF search request." Message to the author. 22 Feb. 2012. E-mail. "USET Foundation Raised Record of over $1 Million, Big Boost from Bruce Springsteen." Dressage-News.com. 27 Jan. 2012. Web. 28 Feb.12.

Giving His Heart 48 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank IUPUI's Brenda Burk for her research assistance, The Smoking Gun's Bill Bastone for providing details from The Foundation's missing 990-PF filings, Jesse Drucker for trying to track down the documents and ing Bastone on his behalf, Stan Goldstein for filling in details about Springsteeen's philanthropy, and Bob Crane for his on a draft version of this paper and his ive comments.