Fundamentals Of Literature Oral Literature w3849
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Oral Literature
Written Literature
Oral Literature: is the predecessor of written literature
Finnegan (1970) defined oral literature as a verbal art of traditional cultures which is transmitted by word of mouth. If we say that literature is an expression of the values, aspirations, joys and sorrows, etc. of society, then these expressions do not presuppose literacy. After the world has learned to use writing, oral literature has existed side by side with the written records.
Folk oral literature
The sum of oral works, both poetry and prose, which are produced usually by anonymous authors and are preserved in the people's memory for a long time by being ed on orally from generation to generation. Oral literature refers to any form of verbal art which is transmitted by word of mouth. It includes epic poems, musical genres, folk tales, songs, and myths.
Oral Literature (or Orature) •
narratives originating (often in pre-literate) societies composed for spoken (and often dramatic) performances
Such narratives: •
often lack an original/definitive version or author;
•
often feature more than one storyteller;
•
often are designed for “call and response” audience participation;
•
feature linguistic devices designed to enhance the vocal performance for a live audience;
•
often are meant to be sung or chanted at events or ceremonies.
Oral Literature
Pre-literate societies, by definition, have no written literature, but may possess rich and varied oral traditions—such as folk epics, folklore, proverbs and folksong—that effectively constitute an oral literature. Literate societies may continue an oral tradition particularly within the family (for example bedtime stories) or informal social structures.
Oral Literature Oral Literature is used 1. To educate the society on the past events. 2. To act as a way of ing a message/an information from one generation to another. 3. Used for entertainment. 4. Used as a major way of ing time. 5. Used to preserve the culture and norms of a community.
Functions of Oral Literature
Cosmological / Etiological Function - This is related to
man's attempt to explain natural phenomena usually through unscientific natural approach. Protest Function - Oral literature serves as a vehicle of social protest. In any society protest is a way in which people express their feelings indirectly against the status quo through oral literature. It is a protest against corruption.
Escapist Function - Oral literature can also be used as a
means of forgetting uncomfortable and harsh realities that surround societies to a world of freedom and happiness and thereby relaxing oneself or the group.
Characteristics of Oral Literature
shorter form of literary art. With the exception of the epic, which is extended and requires a professional, oral literature is generally brief. The reason for this is probably the memory span. Dynamism – Oral literature is always fluid or dynamic. It is not the same from telling to telling. It changes. Identical themes are told by using different words or phrases. Performance – means of realization Finnegan, (1970) oral literature is dependent on a performer who formulates it in words on a specific occasion. Physical Interaction - As hinted earlier, the face - to face presence of the performer and the audience is a prerequisite for oral literature. It is a group activity. Reflects the status quo, conformist. It rarely deals with the future.
Characteristics of . . .
Some of its didactic forms say things directly. Meaning can be offered through implicature. Closely linked with actual occasion or contexts for performance. A dirge for instance would be performed in the context of funeral. Tales are not to be told during day times. Subject Matter - Oral literature, compared to contemporary written literature, usually tends to reflect the unusual. As Propp (1984:19 ) states, "The lack of correspondence with reality, ... offers special delight ... “Reality is intentionally turned inside out, and this is why people find them [oral literature] fascinating .
Characteristics of . . .
Ownership - Oral literature is owned by the society that it belongs to. Any person can exercise oral literature, because the copy - right belongs to all. In written literature, the piece normally belongs to a specific author.
Summary
Functions of oral literature
Pedagogical Entertainment Cosmological Protest Escapist
Characterstics of oral literature
Dynamic Short/brief Collective ownership Reflecting unusual subject matter
Questions
Assignment I
Genres of oral literature
Folk/fairytales Fables Parables Myth Legend Proverb Folksong Folk drama
Explain the genres Definition, characteristics
Give examples
Written Literature
Oral Literature: is the predecessor of written literature
Finnegan (1970) defined oral literature as a verbal art of traditional cultures which is transmitted by word of mouth. If we say that literature is an expression of the values, aspirations, joys and sorrows, etc. of society, then these expressions do not presuppose literacy. After the world has learned to use writing, oral literature has existed side by side with the written records.
Folk oral literature
The sum of oral works, both poetry and prose, which are produced usually by anonymous authors and are preserved in the people's memory for a long time by being ed on orally from generation to generation. Oral literature refers to any form of verbal art which is transmitted by word of mouth. It includes epic poems, musical genres, folk tales, songs, and myths.
Oral Literature (or Orature) •
narratives originating (often in pre-literate) societies composed for spoken (and often dramatic) performances
Such narratives: •
often lack an original/definitive version or author;
•
often feature more than one storyteller;
•
often are designed for “call and response” audience participation;
•
feature linguistic devices designed to enhance the vocal performance for a live audience;
•
often are meant to be sung or chanted at events or ceremonies.
Oral Literature
Pre-literate societies, by definition, have no written literature, but may possess rich and varied oral traditions—such as folk epics, folklore, proverbs and folksong—that effectively constitute an oral literature. Literate societies may continue an oral tradition particularly within the family (for example bedtime stories) or informal social structures.
Oral Literature Oral Literature is used 1. To educate the society on the past events. 2. To act as a way of ing a message/an information from one generation to another. 3. Used for entertainment. 4. Used as a major way of ing time. 5. Used to preserve the culture and norms of a community.
Functions of Oral Literature
Cosmological / Etiological Function - This is related to
man's attempt to explain natural phenomena usually through unscientific natural approach. Protest Function - Oral literature serves as a vehicle of social protest. In any society protest is a way in which people express their feelings indirectly against the status quo through oral literature. It is a protest against corruption.
Escapist Function - Oral literature can also be used as a
means of forgetting uncomfortable and harsh realities that surround societies to a world of freedom and happiness and thereby relaxing oneself or the group.
Characteristics of Oral Literature
shorter form of literary art. With the exception of the epic, which is extended and requires a professional, oral literature is generally brief. The reason for this is probably the memory span. Dynamism – Oral literature is always fluid or dynamic. It is not the same from telling to telling. It changes. Identical themes are told by using different words or phrases. Performance – means of realization Finnegan, (1970) oral literature is dependent on a performer who formulates it in words on a specific occasion. Physical Interaction - As hinted earlier, the face - to face presence of the performer and the audience is a prerequisite for oral literature. It is a group activity. Reflects the status quo, conformist. It rarely deals with the future.
Characteristics of . . .
Some of its didactic forms say things directly. Meaning can be offered through implicature. Closely linked with actual occasion or contexts for performance. A dirge for instance would be performed in the context of funeral. Tales are not to be told during day times. Subject Matter - Oral literature, compared to contemporary written literature, usually tends to reflect the unusual. As Propp (1984:19 ) states, "The lack of correspondence with reality, ... offers special delight ... “Reality is intentionally turned inside out, and this is why people find them [oral literature] fascinating .
Characteristics of . . .
Ownership - Oral literature is owned by the society that it belongs to. Any person can exercise oral literature, because the copy - right belongs to all. In written literature, the piece normally belongs to a specific author.
Summary
Functions of oral literature
Pedagogical Entertainment Cosmological Protest Escapist
Characterstics of oral literature
Dynamic Short/brief Collective ownership Reflecting unusual subject matter
Questions
Assignment I
Genres of oral literature
Folk/fairytales Fables Parables Myth Legend Proverb Folksong Folk drama
Explain the genres Definition, characteristics
Give examples
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