First Affirmative Speaker Template 4l6071

First Affirmative Speaker Template INTRODUCTION 1. Good afternoon Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen. (Use Madam or Mr depending upon the gender of the Chairman.) 2. The topic for our debate is “That... DEFINITION 2A. We define the topic as (Explain what the topic means. Define the key or important words in the topic. Use a dictionary to help you. You should make sure that the topic is clearly explained in a sentence or two.) 3. We the affirmative team believe that this statement is true. TEAM SPLIT 3A. Today as first speaker I will be talking to you about (Write down the general heading/s of the points you will be talking about.) 3B. Our second speaker will be talking about (Write down the headings of the points your second speaker will be talking about.) Our third speaker will rebut and sum up our team case. REBUTTAL 4-7 There is no rebuttal for the first affirmative speaker.

1

8. I am going to discuss .... points

ARGUMENTS 9. My first point is (Write down your first point/argument.) 10. This is because/the reason for this is (Explain the reason that s your point.) 11. Now to my second point (Write down your second point.)

12. This is because (Write down a reason that s and explains your second point/argument.) If you have some more points, continue to list them. ENDING 13. So Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion (Finish you debate with a sentence that sums up what your team believes. You can use humour or a quote or you may say ‘thank you’ to finish.) Created by Debating SA 2007. Visit us at www.debatingsa.com.au.

First Negative Speaker Template INTRODUCTION 1. Good afternoon Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen. (Use Madam or Mr depending upon the gender of the Chairman) 2. The topic for our debate is “That... 3. We agree with the definition given by the affirmative team. OR We disagree with the definition given by the opposition. (If you disagree explain why the opposition’s definition is wrong.) However, we the negative team believe that this statement is false. TEAM SPLIT 3A. Today as first speaker I will be talking to you about (Write down the main heading/s of the point/s you will be talking about.) 3B. Our second speaker will be talking about (Write down the main heading/s of the point/s your second speaker will be talking about.) Our third speaker will rebut and sum up our team case.

REBUTTAL 4. The first speaker of the affirmative team has tried to tell you (During the debate you will write down on your rebuttal card what your opposition has said.)

2 5. This is wrong because (During the debate you will write a reason why that point is wrong.) 6. S/he also said that (Write down another point that was made onto your rebuttal card.) 7. This is wrong because (During the debate write down a reason why that point is wrong.) ARGUMENTS 8. I will be discussing .... points. 9. My first point is (Write down your first point/ argument.) 10. This is because/the reason for this is (Explain the reason that s your point/argument.) 11. Now to my second point. (Write down your second point) 12. This is because (Explain the reason that s your second point/argument.) You may have more points. Continue to list them in the same manner. ENDING 13. So Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion we... (Finish your debate with a sentence that sums up what your team believes. You can use humour or a quote or you may say ‘thank you’ to finish.) Created by Debating SA 2007. Visit us at www.debatingsa.com.au.

Second Affirmative Speaker Template

3

INTRODUCTION 1. Good afternoon Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen. (Use Madam or Mr depending upon the gender of the Chairman.) 2. The topic for our debate is “That... 3. We the affirmative team believe that this statement is true. REBUTTAL 4. The first speaker from the negative team has tried to tell you (During the debate you will write on your rebuttal card what the first negative said.) 5. This is wrong because (During the debate you will write down a reason why that point is wrong.) 6. S/he has also said that (If you have another rebuttal point write that down.) 7. This is wrong because (Again write down a reason why that point is wrong.) RECAP 7A. Our first speaker has already explained (State the main heading/s of your first speaker.) ARGUMENTS 8. Today I will be talking to you about .... points. 9. My first point is (Write down your first point/argument.) 10. This is because/the reason for this is (Write down a reason explaining your point.) 11. Now to my second point (Write down your second point.) This is because (Write down a reason that s and explains your second point/argument.) 12. My third and final point is (If you have another point write that down. You can have as many points as you like.)

This is because (Write down another reason explaining your point.) ENDING 13. So Mr/ Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion (Finish you debate with a sentence that sums up what your team believes. You can use humour or a quote or you may say ‘thank you’ to finish.) Created by Debating SA 2007. Visit us at www.debatingsa.com.au.

Second Negative Speaker Template

4

INTRODUCTION 1. Good afternoon Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen. (Use Madam or Mr depending upon the gender of the Chairman) 2. The topic for our debate is “That... 3. We the negative team believe that this statement is false. REBUTTAL 4. The second affirmative speaker has tried to tell you (During the debate write what the opposition has said on your rebuttal card.) 5. This is wrong because (During the debate you will write a reason why what your opposition has said is wrong.) 6. S/he also said that (If you have another rebuttal point write that down.) 7. This is wrong because (Again write down a reason why that point is wrong) RECAP 7A. Our first speaker has already stated (State the main heading/s of your first speaker.) ARGUMENTS 8. Today I will be talking to you about .... points

9. Now to my first point (Write down your first point/ argument.) 10. This is because/the reason for this is (Give a reason to explain your point.) 11. Now to my second point. (Write down your second point) This is because (Give a reason to explain this point.) 12. My third and final point is (List a third or fourth point if you have them.) This is because Use as many or few points as you need. ENDING 13. So Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion (Finish your debate with an interesting sentence that sums up what your team believes. You can use humour or a quote or you may say ‘thank you’ to finish.) Created by Debating SA 2007. Visit us at www.debatingsa.com.au.

Third Affirmative Speaker Template INTRODUCTION 1. Good afternoon Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen. (Use Madam or Mr depending on the gender of the Chairman.) 2. The topic for our debate is “That... 3. We the affirmative team believe that this statement is true. REBUTTAL 4. The first negative speaker has tried to tell you (During the debate write on your rebuttal card what your opposition’s first speaker has said.)

5. This is wrong because (During the debate write a reason why what your opposition’s first speaker has said is wrong. If you have some more points then list them as well.) 6. The second negative speaker has tried to tell you (During the debate write what your opposition’s second speaker has said.) 7. This is wrong because (During the debate write a reason why what your opposition’s second speaker has said is wrong. If you have some more points list them as well.)

5 SUMMARY As third speaker it is your job to summarise your case. You do this by listing the points of your first and second speaker. 8. Our first speaker spoke to you about (List your first speaker’s first argument. Include a reason to this argument.) 9. S/he also spoke about (List your first speaker’s second argument. Include a reason to this argument.) 10. Our second speaker told you that (List your second speaker’s first argument. Include reasons to this argument.) 11. S/he also said that. (List your second speaker’s second argument. Include reasons to this argument. 12. Make sure that you have included all your side’s arguments and reasons. ENDING 13. So Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion our team (As the final speaker for your side it is important to end your debating with a really compelling influential and powerful statement. If you can’t think of anything to say you may say ‘thank you’ to finish) Created by Debating SA 2007. Visit us at www.debatingsa.com.au.

Third Negative Speaker Template INTRODUCTION 1. Good afternoon Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen (Use Madam or Mr depending upon the gender of the Chairman.) 2. The topic for our debate is “That... 3. We the negative team believe that this statement is false. REBUTTAL 4. The first affirmative speaker has tried to tell you (During the debate write what your opposition’s first speaker has said on a rebuttal card.) 5. This is wrong because (During the debate write a reason why what your opposition’s first speaker has said is wrong.) 6. The second affirmative speaker has tried to tell you (During the debate write on a rebuttal card what your opposition’s second speaker has said.) 7. This is wrong because (During the debate write a reason why what your opposition’s second speaker has said is wrong.) The third affirmative speaker has tried to tell you (During the debate write on a rebuttal card what your opposition’s third speaker has said if that is important.) This is wrong because (During the debate write a reason why what your opposition’s third speaker has said is wrong.) Try to rebut as many of the opposition’s points as you can.

6 SUMMARY As third speaker it is your job to summarise your team’s case. You do this by listing the points of your first and second speakers. 8. Our first speaker spoke to you about (List your first speaker’s first point. Include a reason to this argument.)

9. S/he also said that (List your first speaker’s second point. Include a reason to this argument.) 10. Our second speaker spoke to you about (List your second speaker’s first point. Include a reason to this argument.) 11. S/he also stated that (List your second speaker’s second point. Include a reason to this argument.) 12. Make sure that you have included all the arguments for your side. ENDING 13. So Mr/Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion we, (As the final speaker for the negative, finish your debate with a really compelling, influential and powerful statement. If you can’t think of anything to say you may say ‘thank you’ to finish) Created by Debating SA 2007. Visit us at www.debatingsa.com.au.

Prime: at the best stage  distressed: afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief  sacred: made or declared or believed to be holy  ceremonial: a formal event performed on a special occasion  rituals: ceremonies or rites  harmony: compatibility in opinion and action  tout: advertize in strongly positive  pristine: pure  encomes: to contain or include; to surround  site: location  ambiguous: having more than one possible meaning 

vague: not clearly understood or expressed  reason: logical thinking  constitutes: makes up; forms  conclusion: a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration  universal: present everywhere and affecting all  assumption: a belief or statement taken for granted without proof  implies: suggests, hints  valid: founded on fact or evidence  validity: soundness or truthfulness  origin: an event that is a beginning  narrates: to tell a story by describing all the events in order  ordained: fixed or established especially by order or command  consequent: happening as a result of something  antecedent: a preceding occurrence or cause or event  devised: planned or created  attribute: a characteristic  triune: being three in one  postulate: maintain or assert  terminology: a system of words used in a particular kind of study  impersonal: showing no emotion or personality  masquerading: to disguise

 humility: lack of pride; modesty  employed: put to use  fundamental: basic; primary; essential  invalid: not ed by facts; not true  premise: a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn  precise: exact  contradictory: in disagreement  ambiguity: uncertainty; vagueness  depraved: marked by evil and corruption  established: set up; begun; founded  lexical: of or relating to words  extent: an amount or degree  subtle: not obvious  distinction: difference  stipulate: to arrange specifically; to require as a condition of agreement  concept: idea  theoretical: not proven true, existing only as an idea  clarify: to make clear or easier to understand

(1) When you start saying something / contributing to a conversation First of all, I would like to say/state that To begin with, I In the first line, I (2) What can you say instead of "I think" I would say/think In my opinion To my mind I am of the opinion that I hold the opinion that (3) When you want to stress your "personal opinion": Personally I think As far as I am concerned As for me As I take it As far as I can see (4) When you "agree" or when you "don't agree": I entirely/quite agree with you. I agree to (with) her plan. I am of the same opinion. I differ from/with you entirely. I disagree with you: I am sure you're mistaken. I stick to my opinion. Let's agree to differ! (5) When you want to say the "opposite" of what someone else said: on the contrary! quite the contrary! just the opposite! That is the very opposite of what I said. That is quite the contrary to what I said. I maintain the contrary. In contrast to what you said, I maintain that........... (6) When you are "quite sure" of something: of course! That goes without saying It goes without saying that I contend/maintain that................ It's my conviction that.................. (7) When you want to "ask a question": May I interrupt you?

There arises the question/point whether/if This question raises the whole issue (8) When you "haven't understood": I beg your pardon. / Pardon? Could you repeat what you've just said? But slower, please./ Could you slow down a bit? (9) If you should want to "correct a mistake": Excuse me (for interrupting) you should have said:"....." (10)When you want to distinguish one aspect from the other: on the one hand - on the other hand in general - in particular generally speaking on the whole taken as a whole at first sight - on second thoughts (11)When you want to "add" something: In addition Moreover Furthermore Finally (12)When you want to "emphasize" something: I would like to lay (put) emphasis (stress) on the fact that.. I just want to point out that (13)When you want to "say the truth": To be frank (with you) Frankly (speaking) To say the truth (14)And if you are "not sure": I don't know exactly. I don't know for certain. (A) General phrases: in other words in this respect to a certain degree/extent It depends on your point of view in brief/short To be brief To cut a long story short,...... Let me put it this way:.... I don't know. - I don't know either. Nor/Neither do I. Add the following expressions to the given categories I agree with / disagree with you; I see/understand your point but ; You´ve got a point / a case there but; I´m not sure. whether …; I have doubts /

reservations about ; I don´t see that working in practice. ; It may work in the short-term / in the long-term. ; I think that´s debatable. ; Prove it! ; Your argument is flawed because... ; What´s that got to do with the issue? ; You´re missing the point. ; It´s ridiculous to suggest that.... ; My feeling is.. ; If you ask me... ; As for me.... ; Bear in mind that … ; You´d better do ... ; Let´s face it.... ; In general... ; On the whole... ; As a rule.... ; It goes without saying that... ; What´s more / in addition / furthermore ; What I´m getting at is... / What I´m trying to say is.. / My point is... ; What is your point? What are you driving at? ; You´re not serious, are you? ;You must be joking! That´s nonsense / rubbish / ridiculous.

1

Supreme: Epic doesn’t mean what you think it means. Use this instead, meaning classic or perfect. 2 Blunder: For the love of grammar, "fail" is not a noun. On the other hand, "blunder" works as both a noun and a verb. How supreme. 3 Triumph: Instead of "FTW," you can say, "For The Triumph!" We bet you money you can't say it without feeling like Maximus. 4 Fidus Achates: More than some internet acquaintance, a fidus Achates ("FEED-us uh-KAH-tays") is a true friend. It's like "BFF" in Latin. 5 Fancy: It's only a matter of time before you'll be able to "fancy" a link or status update for which you wish to show appreciation. 6 Cachinnate: Forget about laughing your a** off. Tell them you're cachinnating (CACK-in-ate-ing) heartily. 7 Woe is me: It sounds a bit like Yoda-ese, but instead of saying FML, go biblical with "woe is me." 8 Piquant: If you simply must inform the world how scrumptious the food you are currently eating is, please refrain from saying "nom nom nom." Use this descriptor instead to convey appetizing flavor. 9 Baffling: It's too easy to just drop a "WTH" (or some variation) on some activity or news that perplexes you. Why not be baffled? 10 Indubitably: The "Really?" ship has sailed. To express

ironic dismay, go with, "Indubitably?" Trust us, it's a can't-miss. 11 Desultory: Don't be a serial "random"-dropper. If something is unexpected, call it "desultory." 12 Ergo: Starting a status update with "so" is nonsensical because "so" means "therefore." But if you're going to use "so" correctly, "ergo" works just as well and makes you sound twice as classy. Better Buzzwords 13 Donjon: Men, have you been relegated to a small segment of the house referred to as your "man cave?" You don’t have to take that. Call it your donjon, like the stronghold of a castle. 14 Garrison: "Occupy" has been done to death. Use this if you're moving in and taking over. 15 Aspiration: Something that goes on your Bucket List (which hopefully you're not still saying) is an aspiration. 16 Pater familias: Bad: "baby daddy." Better: "father." Best: "pater familias." 17 Minutiae-peddling: This phrase is our own creation. Since 40% of all tweets are pointless babble, instead of saying "I'm tweeting" you could say, "I'm peddling minutiae." Underage Upgrades 18 Alas: "Oh, snap" is so out. All the cool kids are saying "alas!" after their putdowns. 19 Forsooth: All the kids (and some adults) simply adore saying, "I know, right?" Kick it old school Archaic with "forsooth," meaning "indeed." 20 Jocular: People's eyes glaze over when they read

"LOL." Send them scrambling for a dictionary when you reply, "How jocular!" 21 Gamin: It means "street urchin," but we can change the meaning to be more neutral if we put our minds to it. After all, we did the same thing with "dude." 22 Paraphernalia: the nice officer who referred to your "drug paraphernalia?" That was a fancier way of saying drug stuf. 23 Incogitable: To the kids, everything's "wack" or "crazy." But the silver-tongued teenager of 2012 will be sharing his or her disbelief with this mouthful. Professional Pick-me-ups 24 Demiurgic: "Innovative" is the second-most overused resume filler word. Since you're already tooting your own horn, compare yourself to a Gnostic creative deity with this word. 25 Ambitious: "Motivated" is another résumé snoozeinducer. Go ahead and say you're ambitious; it'll add a little edge to it that will help you stand out from the pack. 26 Assiduous: Don’t bother telling employers you are "dynamic;" everyone they've interviewed has been dynamic. But if you want an original way to tell them you are hardworking, use this. 27 Henceforth: For some reason, "going forward" has caught on as a tack-on to the end of serious statements to make them sound more complete. We're not sure how you can go any way but forward, but at least use "henceforth" instead. 28 "_________": That's a blank to represent an alternative to saying, "It is what it is." "It is what it is" is the equivalent of saying nothing, thus it has no alternative. Just keep quiet for once instead. 29 Pandemic: Sure, a video can go viral by getting a few

million clicks. But aim higher for your company; shoot for a billion clicks. People will be forced to it your work has gone pandemic. 30 Withal: You're not still using "irregardless" are you? Make the point of "nevertheless" with withal, a great word that people will think you misspelled. 31 Veritably: Love, Actually would have been so much more original if it had been called "Love, Veritably." 32 Impetus: When you execs talk about giving your employees an impetus, you might be discussing raises or donuts in the break room or some other motivational tool. Romantic Retools 33 Cherish: Take a lesson from The Association and discover another way to say "I love you." 34 Paragon: Tell your girlfriend she is a paragon of beauty and you'll score major brownie points once she's looked it up. 35 Pulchritudinous: …Or you could call her "pulchritudinous." How fantastic is that word? Of course, you will have to quickly assure her it's a compliment. 36 Recherché: Your wife's dress isn’t just elegant, it's exquisite, refined, exotic… recherché. 37 Despondent: Sad is what you are when you spill wine on your pants. When your baby leaves you high and dry in the cold, cruel world, you're despondent. 38 Loathe: People say "hate" is a strong word, but it's got nothing on "loathe." 39 Abjure: There's no doubt saying you "dumped" someone is colorful, but if you want to say it in style and with authority, say you abjured that cheatin' man. 40 Yearn: Do justice to your desire to possess that special someone. You don't want to date them, you yearn for

them. Dignified Descriptors 41 Atrocious: You spilled your coffee, broke a shoelace, smeared the lipstick on your face. That's not a bad day, it's atrocious. 42 Spanking: The only socially-acceptable way to incorporate "spanking" into a polite conversation is to use it instead of the word "good." 43 Transcendent: If you say something is "awesome," you're saying it inspires fear or awe in you. So pizza cannot be awesome. What it can be is transcendent or excellent. 44 Gobs: Make your old English teacher happy and stop using "lots." "Gobs" is so much more fun to say anyway. 45 Opined: "Said" is perfectly functional and perfectly acceptable and perfectly boring. If someone is giving their opinion, say they "opined." 46 Parry: Really, there's no reason to use "said" unless you write for a newspaper. Parry back and forth with your debate partner using your newfound word gems. 47 Asseverate: Last one: To asseverate is to declare earnestly or solemnly. So help you God. 48 Altitudinous: Get creative when referring to your tall friend from high school. "That guy was downright altitudinous!" 49 Corpulent: If you're going to call someone fat, at least find an unusual way to do it, like with this word. Lummox: So many great insult words, so little time. Take a line from Stewie and call that moron a "bovine lummox." A) Accept, Acclaim, Ad lib, Aggressive, Allusion, Ambiance, Ambiguous, Anecdotal, Animosity, Answers,

Argue, Argumentative, Articulate, Assert, Audience, Audio, Authoritative, Avoid, Award B) Basics, Beat, Belief, Blunder, Boring, Brief, Butterflies C) Candid, Careful, Casual, Caution, Cautious, Charismatic, Churn, Clarity, Class, Classic, Clever, Coach, Combative, Comfortable, Commentary, Communication, Compete, Competition, Compose, Composed, Comprehensive, Concise, Conclusion, Confidence, Conflict, Confusion, Content, Controversial, Convincing, Course, Credible, Cue D) Debate, Declaration, Deliberate, Delivery, Description, Development, Difference, Disagreement, Discourse, Discovery, Discuss, Discussion, Disorganized, Dispute, Diverse, Duration E) Ease, Educate. efforts, Enthusiasm, Exaggerate, Exchange, Expression, Expressive, Extemporaneous F) Face-to-face, Facts, Factual, Failure, Fiery, Flat, Formal, Format, Frustration G) Genre, Gentle, Gotcha H) Hostile, Hostility, Humor, Hysteria I) Imaginable, Improvise, Inclusive, Individual, Informal, Information, Informative, Intend, Intent, Issues J) Jitters, Joke K) Knowledge L) Labor, Launch, Length, Listen, Listener, Logical M) Manner, Matter, Matter of a fact, Message, Mistake, Moment, Mood, Movement, Mumble N) Necessary, No-show, Note card O) Observe, One-liner, Open-ended, Opening, Openness, Opponent, Opportunity, Oral, Oration, Orator, Organization P) Participant, Participate, Perspiration, Persuasive, Petty, Pitch, Planning, Podium, Point, Politicians, Possibility, Posture, Practice, Precise, Preparation, Presentation, Professionals, Program, Public, Public speaker

Q) Query, Question, Questions, Quick R) Radio, Ramble, Read, Reasoning, Reception, Receptive, Refute, Rehearse, Reject, Relaxed, Remarks, Repetitive, Research, Resonate, Response, Rule S) Savvy, Scant, Schedule, Scope, Script, Setting, Slip-up, Speaker, Speaking, Spectacle, Spectator, Spin, Spontaneous, Square off, Stage, Stance, Statements, Story, Strain, Stress, Subject, Success, Synopsis T) Team, Teamwork, Teleprompter, Television, Tendency, Theme, Thorough, Threat, Time, Tip, Tone, Topic, Treatment, Truth, Two sides, Type, Type U) Unclear, Understanding, Unintended, Unscripted V) Vehemence, Viewer, Vital, Vitriol, Vocal, Voice, Volume W) Wander, Weak, Weighty, Well done, Well-meaning, Well-spoken, Willingness, Win, Wow, Written X) Y) Z) Zeal Useful Debating Phrases (in not quite as small print) (1) 1st Proposition opening, definition, teamline, own arguments (2) 1st Opposition accepting definition / redefinition, teamline, rebuttal of 1st Proposition, own arguments (3) 2nd Proposition rebuttal of 1st Opp., rebuild own case, own arguments (4) 2nd Opposition rebuttal of 2nd Prop., rebuild own case, own arguments (5) 3rd Proposition general rebuttal, rebuild own case (6) 3rd Opposition general rebuttal, rebuild own case (8) Proposition Reply (1st or 2nd speaker) biased summary

(7) Opposition Reply (1st or 2nd speaker) biased summary opening the debate: ● [some nice opening, e.g. quote] ● Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to this debate. ● Welcome from this side of the house... ● The motion for debate today is: ... defining the motion: ● Now we as today's proposition/opposition strongly believe that this is true/not true, but before we come to our actual argumentation, let us first define some important in this debate. ● We believe that what is meant by ... is ... / that ... are ... ● When we say ... should ... we mean that ... presenting the teamline: ● We as todays proposition/opposition have structured our case as follows: ● I, as the first speaker, will be talking about ... ● Our second speaker, ..., will elaborate on the fact that ... ● And our third speaker, ..., will do the rebuttal. rebutting arguments, rebuilding your case: ● But before I come to my own arguments, let us first have a look at what ... has said. ● I will continue our case in a minute, but before that there are some things about the ... speech that need to be addressed. ● The first prop/opposition speaker has told us ...; on the contrary ... ● He/She also said that ...; but in fact.. ● He/She was claiming that ...; but as

my first speaker already told you, ... introducing arguments: ● Let me come to my first/second/.../next argument: [concise label of argument] ● My first/... argument is: ● The first/... reason why we're prop/opposing this motion is: explaining arguments: ● [rather abstract explanation on how the argument should work] giving examples: ● There are many examples for this/for ..., for instance. ● In fact, you can find many examples for this in real life. Just think of... ● And there are similar cases, such as ..., ... ● So in this simple example we can clearly see the effect of ... ● Wouldn't you have to agree ...? / Doesn't what you're saying contradict with ...? / What about the ...? / How would you explain, that ... ? ● No, thank you, Sir/Madam. ● Declined. ● Yes, please. / Go ahead. ● Thank you very much, Sir/Madam, I'm going to come to this very point in my second argument in a minute. [this is an emergency break] giving reply speeches: summarizing & linking the argument: ● ● So as we have seen [argument label], and therefore [motion]. ● Now because of this ..., we have to this motion. summarizing & ending your speech: ● So Ladies and Gentlemen, what have I told you today? Firstly ..., Secondly.. ● ● [some nice closing words] ● And for all of these reasons, the

motion must stand/fall. ● making/rejecting/accepting/answering points of information: ● ● Point of information, Sir/Madam. ● On that point. Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome for the last time from today's prop/opposition. It is now my pleasure to summarize this debate, take a look at what both sides have said and see what the outcome of this debate actually is. A first/second/... major clash was: ... Today's prop/opposition told us ...; we had to find ... [some particularly nice closing words] And for all these reasons, I beg you to prop/oppose