Films Final 6w5c15
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FILMS TODAY
Introduction •
The Indian film industry is considered to be the largest film industry in the world in of number of films produced and released every year.
•
India has remained the largest producer of motion pictures in the world for years but it is just beginning to realize its full potential.
•
The audience consists of an estimated 3.6 billion people with 14 territories within India and 52 counties across the globe.
•
Our films are screened in more than 100 countries and watched by nearly 4 billion people worldwide. Internationally, Bollywood is one of India’s bestknown brands.
•
cumulative consumer spending on the Indian filmed entertainment products is estimated to be in excess of rupees 60 billion every year.
•
Indian cinema has always tried to showcase Indian culture in all its cons equence.
BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIAN MOVIE INDUSTRY • Motion pictures came to India in 1896, when the Lumière Brothers' Chinematographe unveiled six soundless short films in Bombay (now Mumbai). • The first Indian on record to make a movie was Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatvadekar (nickname: Save Dada). • India's first feature film – named "King Harishchandra" – was released in 1913. It was made by Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (nickname: Dadasaheb Phalke, 1817-1944). This was a silent movie. • By 1920, film making had taken the shape of an industry. By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum.
• Golden Age • Following India's independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s are regarded by film historians as the "Golden Age" of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically-acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period. Examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959) and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara (1951) and Shree 420 (1955). These films expressed social themes mainly dealing with workingclass urban life in India; • Modern cinema • In the late 1960s and early 1970s, romance movies and action films starred . In the mid-1970s, romantic confections made way for gritty, violent films about gangsters (see Indian mafia) and bandits. • During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the pendulum swung back toward family-centric romantic musicals.
• The 2000s saw a growth in Bollywood's popularity in the world. This led the nation's filmmaking to new heights in of quality, cinematography and innovative story lines as well as technical advances in areas such as special effects, animation, etc. • Some of the largest production houses, among them Yash Raj Films and Dharma Productions were the producers of new modern films. • The opening up of the overseas market, more Bollywood releases abroad and the explosion of multiplexes in big cities, led to wider box office successes in India and abroad. • The Hindi film industry has preferred films that appeal to all segments of the audience and has resisted making films that target narrow audiences. It was believed that aiming for a broad spectrum would maximise box office receipts.
Today's Film Structure Director The main controller, he gives order to the cast and crew and makes sure that the script is followed. Producer (s) Raises money for making the film and other important activities. Screenplay writer The person who writes the script. Editor Cuts and connects the best versions of the film and create the final version Cast The actor & actress who appear in the film. Casting director The person who chooses the actors for each role in the film. Extras The people who appear in crowd scenes but do not have speaking parts.
• Composer He writes the music or adapts an existing score as a backing track to the film.
• Lyricist The person who writes words to a song. • Sound Engineer Person responsible for proper and synchronized recording of the sound with the action. • Cinematographer The person who directs the lighting and films.
• Animatronics Engineer Responsible for making the robotic creatures used in science- fiction film. • Special effects coordinator Person responsible for creating spectacular scenes .
• Gaffer The chief electrician, who is responsible for lighting the set. • Best boy The deputy electrician ,assistant to the gaffer. • Key grip A grip is responsible for moving the sets and laying the tracks on which camera run ,key grip is the person incharge of all this grips. • Stunt man/woman The specialist who perform the action which are too difficult. • Make-up artist The person who applies the cosmetics which improve the actor look under the studio lights. • Costume Designer Designs the special clothing worn by the cast and crew.
Indian cinema includes
1) Indian Art Cinema/ Parallel Cinema • Parallel Cinema, also known as Art Cinema or the Indian New Wave, is a specific movement in Indian cinema, known for its serious content, realism and naturalism, with a keen eye on the socialpolitical climate of the times. • The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema (which has produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, and others) and then gained prominence in the other film industries of India.
• Some of the films in this movement have garnered commercial success, successfully stradling art and commercial cinema. An example of this was Bimal Roy's Two Acres of Land (1953), which was both a commercial success and a critical success, winning the International Prize at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival. The film's success paved the way for the Indian New Wave.
2) Indian Commercial Cinema • Commercial cinema is the most popular form of cinema in India. Ever since its inception the commercial Indian movies have seen huge following. Commercial or popular cinema is made not only in Hindi but also in many other regional languages of East and South India. • Commercial films, in whatever languages they are made, tend to be quite long (approx three hours), with an interval. Another important feature of commercial cinema in India is music. • They are also known as masala films. Masala is a style of Indian cinema, especially in Bollywood and South Indian films, in which there is a mix of various genres in one film. For example, a film can portray action, comedy, drama, romance and melodrama all together.
Regional Cinema • Indian film industry comprises of Hindi films, regional movies and art cinema. • India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Many of the larger languages their own film industry. • Some of the popular regional film industries in India are Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Punjabi. The Hindi/Urdu film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is called Bollywood.
• A) Bengali cinema • The Bengali language cinematic tradition of Tollygunge in West Bengal has had reputable filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen among its most acclaimed Recent Bengali films that have captured national attention. • In 1932, the name "Tollywood" was coined for the Bengali film industry. • • B) Malayalam cinema • The Malayalam films find audiences in India's Kerala state, which has the high literacy rates and an established tradition of theater. • The Malayalam film industry comprises commercial as well as art films.
• C) Tamil cinema • The Tamil language film industry, known as Tamil cinema, is one of the largest film industries in India in of quality and technology, and is based in the Kodambakkam district of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. • D) Telugu cinema • The Telugu language film industry of Andhra Pradesh is currently the largest in India in of number of movies produced in a year. The state of Andhra Pradesh has the highest number of cinema halls in India. • E) Kannada cinema • Kannada industry is referred as "Sandlewood". Bangalore is center for Kannada film making. • also: marathi Bhojpuri cinema, Oriya cinema, and Punjabi cinema.
Competitive Landscape • In 2005, India produced 1,041 films, second in the world to China at 2,601, but ahead of the US at 611. However, in India there are only 9,000 screens in comparison with 38,500 in China, and 37,482 in the US. • At 500 million ticket sales per year, India trails behind China (1,430 million) and the US (1,400 million). • The amount spent per film in India is significantly less than in the US, averaging $500,000 per film in comparison with $14 million. • However, in order to allow Bollywood to compete more globally, banks are now allowed to fund up to $1 million per film, or up to 40% of their production cost.
• The export of Bollywood films is increasing. In 2005, Bollywood films in the US made $100 million, and in the UK a Bollywood film is often in the top 10 most popular movies. • Bollywood is popular in South Asian countries, especially Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
• Bollywood sold 3.6 billion tickets and had total revenues (theatre tickets, DVDs, television etc.) of US$1.3 billion, whereas Hollywood films sold 2.6 billion tickets and generated total revenues (again from all formats) of US$51 billion. • Film music • Music in Indian cinema is a substantial revenue generator, with the music rights alone ing for 4-5% of the net revenues generated by a film in India. The major film music companies of India are Saregama, Sony Music etc. Commercially, film music s for 48% India's net music sales.
Changing face of Cinema • 100 days? Too late! • One trend that was pretty obvious this year was that of a film's fate being sealed in a couple of days instead of the usual 100-day, 200day runs. • Producers and distributors, in a hurry to make hay with the first rays of the sun, have shortened the time to bring films to DVDs and CDs for fear of piracy. As a result, the fate of most films was clear within a couple of days and the collections within a couple of weeks. • Perhaps the best example of this is Farah Khan's Om Shanti Om • This is in direct contrast to the past, where films like Gadar - Ek Prem Katha, released in 2001, were judged on how long they stayed in the theaters.
Multiplexes move in •
There are 173 multiplexes comprising 576 screens operating in India as compared to approximately 15,000 cinema halls in India. Multiplexes, thus, constitute 6 % of total cinema halls and 12.3 % of total screens in India.
•
Three thousand of the 12,000 cinema halls in India are housed in mobile cinemas. 6000-7000 cinema screens are located in Southern India states which have traditionally been weak markets for Hindi films.
•
Western India, Northern India and Eastern India constitute strongest markets for Hindi films where they are screened in around 4500 cinemas.
•
Based on the Gross Box Office Collections (GBOC) available for Hindi films released in 2004, these multiplexes constitute 28-34% (depending on 35-40% occupancy) of total GBOC for Top 50 Hindi films and 21-25% of total GBOC for all Hindi films
• Box-Office Collections Gross Box Office Collections of all Hindi films have increased from rupees 11.99 billion in 2004 to rupees 17.99 billion in 2008. • Collection Trends GBOC over the opening weekend, first week and first three weeks contributed 23%, 43% and 81% of total GBOC for Top 20 Hindi films in 2004. • Foreign Films in India Foreign films grossed rupees 2800 million in 2008 and constituted 15-17% and 20% of GBOC for all Hindi films and Top 50 Hindi films respectively. Proportion of GBOC of foreign films lies between 5-10% of total GBOC of all Indian films.
DVD, CD opened new revenue channel • Blame it on the technology boom or the deepening of pockets, the DVD and CD market opened up a huge avenue for making money from releases after their run in theaters. •
Online shopping gave further impetus to the trend and with DVD players being as common as refrigerators in houses, the market become a revenue generator.
• The sales of film DVDs and CDs have doubled and the time taken for films to shrink from the big screen into these has also become shorter.
• Obviously, if the DVD of a film has to be out within a couple of weeks, the theater earnings have to be quick. That, in turn, changed the process of promotions, post production and distribution. • Mobile and internet promotions also opened new revenue streams. Financers, producers and distributors created much hype around their products to run their films to packed houses in the first few weeks itself.
Advertising • Many Indian artists used to make a living by hand-painting movie billboards and posters Releasing the film music, or music videos, before the actual release of the film can also be considered a form of advertising. A popular tune is believed to help pull audiences into the theaters. • Bollywood publicists have begun to use the Internet as a venue for advertising. Most of the better-funded film releases now have their own websites, where browsers can view trailers, stills, and information about the story, cast, and crew.
• Awards • The Filmfare Awards ceremony is one of the most prominent film events given for Hindi films in India. The Indian screen magazine Filmfare started the first Filmfare Awards in 1954, and awards were given to the best films of 1953. • As the Filmfare, the National Film Awards were introduced in 1954. Since 1973, the Indian government has sponsored the National Film Awards, awarded by the government run Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF). • The DFF screens not only Bollywood films, but films from all the other regional movie industries and independent/art films. These awards are handed out at an annual ceremony presided over by the President of India. • Other awards • Stardust Awards • Star Screen Awards • IIFA Awards • Zee Cine Awards
Central Board of Film Certification •
The Central Board of Film Certification ( Popularly known as Censor Board ) is a government of India regulatory body and censorship board of India controlled by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It reviews, rates and censors movies, television shows, television ads, and promotional material.
•
Censorship in India mainly targets religious issues. It is justified by the government as necessary to maintain communal harmony, peace and tranquillity, given the history of communal tension.
•
The Central Board of Film Certification, the regulatory film body of India, regularly orders directors to remove anything it deems offensive, including sex, nudity, violence or subjects considered politically subversive.
•
Censor board plays an important role in determining correct and ethically right things to the people as the cinema we watch in someway or the other directly impacts us.
Rating System • U : Unrestricted Public Exhibition: This rating is given to films suitable for 'family viewing'. A movie with 'U' rating contains no or mild violence and sensuality. • U/A : Unrestricted Public Exhibition but with parental guidance for children below 12 years. This rating is given to a movie which contains mild violence, language and sensuality. • A : Adults: 'A' Films are meant for Adult audience above 18 years only. This rating is given to a movie which contains heavy dose of violence, sexuality, frightening images and language. • S : Specialised Audience: This rating is given very rarely and signifies that the film is meant for specialised audience such as Doctors etc.
• • • •
Film education institute Film and Television Institute of India Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute Asian Academy of Film & Television
Thank U
Introduction •
The Indian film industry is considered to be the largest film industry in the world in of number of films produced and released every year.
•
India has remained the largest producer of motion pictures in the world for years but it is just beginning to realize its full potential.
•
The audience consists of an estimated 3.6 billion people with 14 territories within India and 52 counties across the globe.
•
Our films are screened in more than 100 countries and watched by nearly 4 billion people worldwide. Internationally, Bollywood is one of India’s bestknown brands.
•
cumulative consumer spending on the Indian filmed entertainment products is estimated to be in excess of rupees 60 billion every year.
•
Indian cinema has always tried to showcase Indian culture in all its cons equence.
BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIAN MOVIE INDUSTRY • Motion pictures came to India in 1896, when the Lumière Brothers' Chinematographe unveiled six soundless short films in Bombay (now Mumbai). • The first Indian on record to make a movie was Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatvadekar (nickname: Save Dada). • India's first feature film – named "King Harishchandra" – was released in 1913. It was made by Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (nickname: Dadasaheb Phalke, 1817-1944). This was a silent movie. • By 1920, film making had taken the shape of an industry. By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum.
• Golden Age • Following India's independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s are regarded by film historians as the "Golden Age" of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically-acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period. Examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959) and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara (1951) and Shree 420 (1955). These films expressed social themes mainly dealing with workingclass urban life in India; • Modern cinema • In the late 1960s and early 1970s, romance movies and action films starred . In the mid-1970s, romantic confections made way for gritty, violent films about gangsters (see Indian mafia) and bandits. • During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the pendulum swung back toward family-centric romantic musicals.
• The 2000s saw a growth in Bollywood's popularity in the world. This led the nation's filmmaking to new heights in of quality, cinematography and innovative story lines as well as technical advances in areas such as special effects, animation, etc. • Some of the largest production houses, among them Yash Raj Films and Dharma Productions were the producers of new modern films. • The opening up of the overseas market, more Bollywood releases abroad and the explosion of multiplexes in big cities, led to wider box office successes in India and abroad. • The Hindi film industry has preferred films that appeal to all segments of the audience and has resisted making films that target narrow audiences. It was believed that aiming for a broad spectrum would maximise box office receipts.
Today's Film Structure Director The main controller, he gives order to the cast and crew and makes sure that the script is followed. Producer (s) Raises money for making the film and other important activities. Screenplay writer The person who writes the script. Editor Cuts and connects the best versions of the film and create the final version Cast The actor & actress who appear in the film. Casting director The person who chooses the actors for each role in the film. Extras The people who appear in crowd scenes but do not have speaking parts.
• Composer He writes the music or adapts an existing score as a backing track to the film.
• Lyricist The person who writes words to a song. • Sound Engineer Person responsible for proper and synchronized recording of the sound with the action. • Cinematographer The person who directs the lighting and films.
• Animatronics Engineer Responsible for making the robotic creatures used in science- fiction film. • Special effects coordinator Person responsible for creating spectacular scenes .
• Gaffer The chief electrician, who is responsible for lighting the set. • Best boy The deputy electrician ,assistant to the gaffer. • Key grip A grip is responsible for moving the sets and laying the tracks on which camera run ,key grip is the person incharge of all this grips. • Stunt man/woman The specialist who perform the action which are too difficult. • Make-up artist The person who applies the cosmetics which improve the actor look under the studio lights. • Costume Designer Designs the special clothing worn by the cast and crew.
Indian cinema includes
1) Indian Art Cinema/ Parallel Cinema • Parallel Cinema, also known as Art Cinema or the Indian New Wave, is a specific movement in Indian cinema, known for its serious content, realism and naturalism, with a keen eye on the socialpolitical climate of the times. • The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema (which has produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, and others) and then gained prominence in the other film industries of India.
• Some of the films in this movement have garnered commercial success, successfully stradling art and commercial cinema. An example of this was Bimal Roy's Two Acres of Land (1953), which was both a commercial success and a critical success, winning the International Prize at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival. The film's success paved the way for the Indian New Wave.
2) Indian Commercial Cinema • Commercial cinema is the most popular form of cinema in India. Ever since its inception the commercial Indian movies have seen huge following. Commercial or popular cinema is made not only in Hindi but also in many other regional languages of East and South India. • Commercial films, in whatever languages they are made, tend to be quite long (approx three hours), with an interval. Another important feature of commercial cinema in India is music. • They are also known as masala films. Masala is a style of Indian cinema, especially in Bollywood and South Indian films, in which there is a mix of various genres in one film. For example, a film can portray action, comedy, drama, romance and melodrama all together.
Regional Cinema • Indian film industry comprises of Hindi films, regional movies and art cinema. • India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Many of the larger languages their own film industry. • Some of the popular regional film industries in India are Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Punjabi. The Hindi/Urdu film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is called Bollywood.
• A) Bengali cinema • The Bengali language cinematic tradition of Tollygunge in West Bengal has had reputable filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen among its most acclaimed Recent Bengali films that have captured national attention. • In 1932, the name "Tollywood" was coined for the Bengali film industry. • • B) Malayalam cinema • The Malayalam films find audiences in India's Kerala state, which has the high literacy rates and an established tradition of theater. • The Malayalam film industry comprises commercial as well as art films.
• C) Tamil cinema • The Tamil language film industry, known as Tamil cinema, is one of the largest film industries in India in of quality and technology, and is based in the Kodambakkam district of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. • D) Telugu cinema • The Telugu language film industry of Andhra Pradesh is currently the largest in India in of number of movies produced in a year. The state of Andhra Pradesh has the highest number of cinema halls in India. • E) Kannada cinema • Kannada industry is referred as "Sandlewood". Bangalore is center for Kannada film making. • also: marathi Bhojpuri cinema, Oriya cinema, and Punjabi cinema.
Competitive Landscape • In 2005, India produced 1,041 films, second in the world to China at 2,601, but ahead of the US at 611. However, in India there are only 9,000 screens in comparison with 38,500 in China, and 37,482 in the US. • At 500 million ticket sales per year, India trails behind China (1,430 million) and the US (1,400 million). • The amount spent per film in India is significantly less than in the US, averaging $500,000 per film in comparison with $14 million. • However, in order to allow Bollywood to compete more globally, banks are now allowed to fund up to $1 million per film, or up to 40% of their production cost.
• The export of Bollywood films is increasing. In 2005, Bollywood films in the US made $100 million, and in the UK a Bollywood film is often in the top 10 most popular movies. • Bollywood is popular in South Asian countries, especially Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
• Bollywood sold 3.6 billion tickets and had total revenues (theatre tickets, DVDs, television etc.) of US$1.3 billion, whereas Hollywood films sold 2.6 billion tickets and generated total revenues (again from all formats) of US$51 billion. • Film music • Music in Indian cinema is a substantial revenue generator, with the music rights alone ing for 4-5% of the net revenues generated by a film in India. The major film music companies of India are Saregama, Sony Music etc. Commercially, film music s for 48% India's net music sales.
Changing face of Cinema • 100 days? Too late! • One trend that was pretty obvious this year was that of a film's fate being sealed in a couple of days instead of the usual 100-day, 200day runs. • Producers and distributors, in a hurry to make hay with the first rays of the sun, have shortened the time to bring films to DVDs and CDs for fear of piracy. As a result, the fate of most films was clear within a couple of days and the collections within a couple of weeks. • Perhaps the best example of this is Farah Khan's Om Shanti Om • This is in direct contrast to the past, where films like Gadar - Ek Prem Katha, released in 2001, were judged on how long they stayed in the theaters.
Multiplexes move in •
There are 173 multiplexes comprising 576 screens operating in India as compared to approximately 15,000 cinema halls in India. Multiplexes, thus, constitute 6 % of total cinema halls and 12.3 % of total screens in India.
•
Three thousand of the 12,000 cinema halls in India are housed in mobile cinemas. 6000-7000 cinema screens are located in Southern India states which have traditionally been weak markets for Hindi films.
•
Western India, Northern India and Eastern India constitute strongest markets for Hindi films where they are screened in around 4500 cinemas.
•
Based on the Gross Box Office Collections (GBOC) available for Hindi films released in 2004, these multiplexes constitute 28-34% (depending on 35-40% occupancy) of total GBOC for Top 50 Hindi films and 21-25% of total GBOC for all Hindi films
• Box-Office Collections Gross Box Office Collections of all Hindi films have increased from rupees 11.99 billion in 2004 to rupees 17.99 billion in 2008. • Collection Trends GBOC over the opening weekend, first week and first three weeks contributed 23%, 43% and 81% of total GBOC for Top 20 Hindi films in 2004. • Foreign Films in India Foreign films grossed rupees 2800 million in 2008 and constituted 15-17% and 20% of GBOC for all Hindi films and Top 50 Hindi films respectively. Proportion of GBOC of foreign films lies between 5-10% of total GBOC of all Indian films.
DVD, CD opened new revenue channel • Blame it on the technology boom or the deepening of pockets, the DVD and CD market opened up a huge avenue for making money from releases after their run in theaters. •
Online shopping gave further impetus to the trend and with DVD players being as common as refrigerators in houses, the market become a revenue generator.
• The sales of film DVDs and CDs have doubled and the time taken for films to shrink from the big screen into these has also become shorter.
• Obviously, if the DVD of a film has to be out within a couple of weeks, the theater earnings have to be quick. That, in turn, changed the process of promotions, post production and distribution. • Mobile and internet promotions also opened new revenue streams. Financers, producers and distributors created much hype around their products to run their films to packed houses in the first few weeks itself.
Advertising • Many Indian artists used to make a living by hand-painting movie billboards and posters Releasing the film music, or music videos, before the actual release of the film can also be considered a form of advertising. A popular tune is believed to help pull audiences into the theaters. • Bollywood publicists have begun to use the Internet as a venue for advertising. Most of the better-funded film releases now have their own websites, where browsers can view trailers, stills, and information about the story, cast, and crew.
• Awards • The Filmfare Awards ceremony is one of the most prominent film events given for Hindi films in India. The Indian screen magazine Filmfare started the first Filmfare Awards in 1954, and awards were given to the best films of 1953. • As the Filmfare, the National Film Awards were introduced in 1954. Since 1973, the Indian government has sponsored the National Film Awards, awarded by the government run Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF). • The DFF screens not only Bollywood films, but films from all the other regional movie industries and independent/art films. These awards are handed out at an annual ceremony presided over by the President of India. • Other awards • Stardust Awards • Star Screen Awards • IIFA Awards • Zee Cine Awards
Central Board of Film Certification •
The Central Board of Film Certification ( Popularly known as Censor Board ) is a government of India regulatory body and censorship board of India controlled by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It reviews, rates and censors movies, television shows, television ads, and promotional material.
•
Censorship in India mainly targets religious issues. It is justified by the government as necessary to maintain communal harmony, peace and tranquillity, given the history of communal tension.
•
The Central Board of Film Certification, the regulatory film body of India, regularly orders directors to remove anything it deems offensive, including sex, nudity, violence or subjects considered politically subversive.
•
Censor board plays an important role in determining correct and ethically right things to the people as the cinema we watch in someway or the other directly impacts us.
Rating System • U : Unrestricted Public Exhibition: This rating is given to films suitable for 'family viewing'. A movie with 'U' rating contains no or mild violence and sensuality. • U/A : Unrestricted Public Exhibition but with parental guidance for children below 12 years. This rating is given to a movie which contains mild violence, language and sensuality. • A : Adults: 'A' Films are meant for Adult audience above 18 years only. This rating is given to a movie which contains heavy dose of violence, sexuality, frightening images and language. • S : Specialised Audience: This rating is given very rarely and signifies that the film is meant for specialised audience such as Doctors etc.
• • • •
Film education institute Film and Television Institute of India Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute Asian Academy of Film & Television
Thank U
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