Experiment 5-solar Ray Collector 4i6xj

Data Collection and Results With Glass Time (Min)

Temperature (°C) Absorber inlet

Absorber outlet

Water

0

24

24

25

1

26

25

25

2

26

26

25

3

27

27

25

4

27

27.5

25

5

27

28

25

6

27

29

25

7

27

29.2

25

8

27

29.8

25

9

27

30

25

10

27

30.5

25

11

27

31

25

12

27

31

25

13

27

31

25

14

27

31

26.5

15

27

31

27

Without Glass Time (Min) Time (Min) 0

Water 26 Water

26.5 26 27 30 27.2 50 27.2 53.9 27.5 54 27.9 54

30.2 29 30.8 29.2 31 31 31 36 32 38.5 32 40

26 59 26 58.5 26 58 26 56 26 56 26.2 55

67

5428

32.3 42

26.2 54

8

28 54

32.6 43.5

26.5 53.5

9

28 54

33 46

26.7 53

10 9

28 55

33.1 46

26.7 52

11 10

28 55

33.1 46.8

26.9 52

12 11

28 54

33.1 48

27 51.5

13 12 14 13 15 14

28 54 28 54 28 53

33.1 48 33.1 48 33.1 48.5

27 51 27 51 27.2 50.5

15

53

0

1

Temperature (°C) Natural Air with Glass Absorber inlet Absorber outlet Temperature (°C) 26 30 Absorber inlet Absorber outlet

2 1 2 3 4

3 4 5 6

5

7 8

49

50

Natural Air without Glass Time (Min)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Absorber inlet Time (Min) 40 Time (Min) 49 0 56 1 057.5 2 157.5 3 257.5 4 3 56 5 4 6 56 5 55 67 54.5 8 7 54 9 8

54 10 9 53 11 10 52.5 12 1152 13 1252 14 13 15 14 15

Temperature (°C) With blower With Glass Absorber outlet Water Temperature (°C) With Blower Without Glass 61 45 Absorber inlet Absorber outlet Temperature (°C) 45 61 54 44 Absorber inlet Absorber outlet 46 59.5 53 46 37 47.5 48 59 57 47 49 58.5 50 45 56 48 50 58 55 44 55 49 51 57.5 55 44 55 50 54 44 51 56.5 55 51 53 45 52 56 55 51 53 45 54 52.5 54 52 53 52 53 52 52 51 50 51 49 59 48 48.5 48

52 52 52 52 52 52 52

52 45 52 45 52 45 51 45 51 44.5 51 44.5 51 44 51 44 44

55.5 55 55 54.5 54 53.5 53

Water 62 Water 61 60 60 62 59 61 58 59 57.8 58 57 57.5 56.5 56.5 56 56.5 55.5 55.5 54.5 55 54 55 53.5 54.5 53.5 54.5 53 54.5 52 54 54

The value of useful power, PN and efficiency for each condition for every minute. Part A With Glass: Time(Min

Pn

Efficiency

) 0

0

0

1

-418.6

3.49

2

0

0

3

418.6

3.49

4

209.3

1.74

5

418.6

3.49

6

837.2

6.98

7

920.92

7.67

8

1172.08

9.78

9

1255.8

10.47

10

1465.1

12.2

11

1674.4

13.95

12

1674.4

13.95

13

1674.4

13.95

14

1674.4

13.95

15

1674.4

13.95

Without Glass: Time(Min ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Pn 1674.4 1548.82 1590.68 1590.68 1590.68 1883.7 1716.26 1799.98 1925.56 2093 2134.86 2134.86 2134.86 2134.86 2134.86 2134.86

Efficiency 13.95 12.39 13.26 13.26 13.26 15.7 14.3 15 16 17.44 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8

Part B Natural Air with Glass: Time(Min

Pn

) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1255.8 -334.88 -7953.4 -7492.94 -6488.3 -5860.4 -5023.2

Efficiency 10.47 2.79 -66.28 -62.44 54 48.8 41.86

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

-4395.3 -3767.4 -3767.4 -3432.52 -2511.6 -2511.6 -2511.6 -1883.7 -1674.4

36.6 31.4 31.4 28.6 20.93 20.93 20.93 15.70 14

Natural Air without Glass: Time(Min ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Pn 2093 -1674.4 -4186 -3976.7 -3558.1 -3139.5 -2093 -2093 -1225.8 -1046.5 -837.2 -837.2 -418.6 -209.3 0 0

Efficiency 17.44 14 34.88 33.14 29.65 26.16 17.44 17.44 10.47 8.72 6.98 6.98 3.49 1.74 0 0

With Blower and with Glass: Time(Min ) 0 1 2

Pn -4186 -2930.2 -4186

Efficiency 34.88 24.42 34.88

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

-3348 -2511.6 -2093 -1674.4 -1674.4 -837.2 -837.2 -418.6 -837.2 -418.6 418.6 837.2 837.2

27.9 20.93 17.44 13.95 13.95 6.98 6.98 3.49 6.98 3.49 3.49 6.98 6.98

With Blower and Without Glass: Time(Min ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Pn 3348.8 -2511.6 -4604.6 -4604.6 -3767.4 -3348.8 3348.8 -3139.5 -2930.2 -2930.2 -2930.2 -2720.9 -2720.9 -2093 -1883.7 -1674.4

Efficiency 29.57 20.93 38.37 38.37 31.4 27.9 27.9 26.16 24.42 24.42 24.42 22.67 22.67 17.44 15.7 14

Introduction The solar ray collector is a solar collector that collects heat by absorbing sunlight. The heat energy absorbed by the collector can be calculated from the volume flow and the difference in the water temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the absorber, if the inlet temperature stays almost constant by releasing energy to a reservoir. Solar power plants usually use the more complex collectors to generate electricity by heating a fluid to drive a turbine connected to an electrical generator.. The

efficiency of the collector is determined from this. The measurement is made with various collector arrangements and at various absorber temperatures.

Objective To determine the efficiency of the solar ray collector under various experimental conditions;

Illumination with halogen lamp. Water temperature θe≈ 20°C. a) Complete collector b) Collector without glass plate

Illumination with halogen lamp. Water temperature θe ≈60°C. a) Complete collector b) Complete collector, cold jet of air impinges c) Collector without glass plate

d) Collector without glass plate, cold jet of air impinges.

Equipment Solar ray collector Lab thermometer, -10..+100C Lab thermometer, w. stem, -10..+110C Circulating pump w. flowmeter Power supply Heat exchanger Solar coll.stand Immersion heater, 1000 W Hot-/Cold air blower, 1000 W Halogen lamp 1000 W Tripod base rod Right angle clamp Universal clamp Glass beaker, tall, 2000 ml Glass beaker, short, 5000 ml Safety gas tubing Measuring tape, l = 2 m Stopwatch, digital, 1/100 sec

Connecting cord

Discussion In this experiment. We study the efficiency for solar ray collector under various conditions. Then, we also calculate the useful power, Pn and efficiency for each condition.the formulae for the calculation are ‘PN = c · m · (θa – θe)’ and ‘u= PN/q x A. There are two parts that were conducted during this experiment. In the part A, we only use the halogen lamp as a heat source with the glass plate and without the glass plate. From the observation we know that the efficiency is higher when the glass plate is removed. This is due to the resistance for the heat of glass plate, which makes the heat harder to transfer making the efficiency quite low compared to the efficiency when the glass plate is removed. For part B, we add an additional blower and set the temperature of the water to 60°C. From the data and graph, we observed that with the blower and without the glass obtained the highest efficiency, this is due to the external heat source which is the blower and without the resistance which is the glass. The efficiency is also higher when the blower is used compared to the efficiency using only natural air. There are some errors that can be observes from this experiment. The first error is when reading the temperature. The parallax error will occur when our eyes not parallel with the thermometer reading. Second is temperature not exactly at 60 degrees in the initial of experiment part B. this problem occurs because temperature drop rapidly when heat exchanger place in the water

reservoir. Lastly, the errors come when the halogen lamp not placed exactly 70 cm away from the solar ray collector. This may effect due to difference in temperature. Therefore, some precaution should be taken. Firstly, make sure eye already perpendicular when taken the ready of thermometer. Then, temperature of water should be more than 60 degrees before placing the heat exchanger in the water reservoir. Lastly, place the halogen lamp exactly 70 cm away from the solar ray collector.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the objective of this experiment is achieved by getting the specific value for the efficiency and useful power which is logic in the state of engineering.

Alhamdulillah, with the guidance from the lecturer and the technician, the experiment had been done successfully eventhough there are some problems have occurs. So, it can be assume that the main objective for this experiment has been successfully achieved.

Graph * The straight line represent useful power, Pn and the dotted line represent efficiency With glass 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Without Glass

0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Natural air with glass 0.4 0.2 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1

Natural air without glass 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6

1

2

3

4

5

With blower and with glass 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -0.05

1

2

3

4

5

6

-0.1 -0.15 -0.2 -0.25 -0.3

With blower and without glass

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING LAB 1 EXPERIMENT: Solar Ray Collector Name: 1. 2. 3. 4. Group: 1 Section: 1

Matric no