Ethnography Ppt 3m112j

WHAT IS ETHNOGRAPHY? • Ethno – refers to human culture • Graphy – means description of • A research process used in the scientific study of human interactions in social settings • Used extensively in anthropology • Has become increasing popular in many different fields over the past few years • Nursing, education, market research, business, etc

DEFINITION  “ Ethnographic research methods are included in qualitative research methods. The word ethnography comes from the Greek words ethos which means ethnicity and graphos meaning something written. Ethnography is the science of writing about ethnicity, using a more contemporary language, Ethnography can be interpreted as writing about cultural groups. “ Emzir. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif : Analisis Data. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.page 18

 According to Oxford Online Dictionary the definition of Ethnography is The scientific description of peoples and cultures with their customs, habits, and mutual differences. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ethnography  Cambridge defines the ethnography is a scientific description of the culture of a society by someone who has lived in it, or a book containing this.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ethnography  “ Ethnography is a research strategy that allows researchers to explore and examine the cultures and societies that are a fundamental part of the human experience. . . . “ Murchison

WHEN THE USE OF ETHNOGRAPHY? o Understanding Human Clumps. o Understanding Human Behavior. o To Found The Theory Grounded. o Understanding The Complex Community.

1. UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CLUMPS. The purpose of social anthropology, namely to describe and explain the regularity and variety of social behavior. Perhaps the most prominent feature of humanity is its diversity. Why does one clump show such variations, create different patterns of marriage, hold different values, eat different foods, nurture

children differently, trust different gods, and pursue different goals? If the ethnographer understands this diversity, then he must begin by carefully describing it.

2. UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR. This meaning can be found. An ethnographer can ask someone who collects sea shells about his work, what he does, why he does it. Any explanation.

3. TO FOUND THE THEORY GROUNDED. Ethnography offers an excellent strategy for finding grounded theories. For example, the ethnography of children from the cultural environment of minorities in the United States who succeed in school can develop a grounded theory of school governance. Such studies reveal that, the child is not experiencing cultural deprivation, instead they experience flooding culturally overwhelmed, where their success in school is due to the ability of two-cultures (bicultural) all at once.

4. UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEX COMMUNITY. Ethnography offers one of the best ways to understand this complex picture of modern life. Ethnogafi can show different cultural differences and how people with different perspectives by interacting.

COMMON METHODS

● Realistic Ethnography ● Case Studies ● Critical Ethnography

CHARACTERISTIC OF ETHNOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Creswell (2012 : 468)

1. Cultural theme 2. Cultural group 3. Co-ownership of patterns of behavior,beliefs, and language 4. Fieldwork 5. Description, themes and interpretational 6. Context or setting

ETHNOGRAPHY RESEARCH PROCEDURES 1.

Setting informants

2. Conducting interviews to informants 3. Make ethnographic notes 4. Asking descriptive questions 5. Conducting an ethnographic interview analysis. 6. Create a domain analysis. 7. Asking a structural question which is an advanced stage after identifying the domain. 8. Make taxonomic analysis. 9. Ask a contrasting question where the meaning of a symbol is believed to be found by discovering how a symbol differs from other symbols.

ETHNOGRAPHY DATA COLLECTING INSTRUMENT

.

1 In-depth Interview (Indepth Interview)

2. Participant Observation (Participant Observation). 3. Focus Group Discussion (Focus Group Discussion) 4. Life History 5. Document Analysis.

Questions?