Elizabethan Poetry 4ai6w

ELIZABETHAN POETRY  England felt the complete effect of the Renaissance during Elizabethan period.  A revival of the old and classical literature of Greece and Rome occured and this was manifested in the poetry of the age.  An extreme spirit of adventure, aestheticism and materialism characterized the period.  Many poets displayed their skill in versification during this time and England came to be called The Nest Of Singing Birds. 

The period has the great variety of unlimited creative force;



includes works of many kinds in both verse and prose,

 ranges in spirit from the loftiest Platonic idealism or the most delightful, romance to the level of very repulsive realism, 

dominated by the spirit of romance,



full of the spirit of dramatic action,

 In style it often exhibits romantic luxuriance, which sometimes takes the form of elaborate affectations of which the favorite 'conceit' is only the most apparent.  In part it was a period of experimentation, (ex: translations or interpretations of sonnet form, poetical treatment of theological or scientific thought and the geography of all England).  It was influenced by the literature of Italy, and to a less degree by those of and Spain. 

The authors were men (not yet women) of almost every class;

 from distinguished courtiers, like Raleigh and Sidney, to the company of poor hack writers.  Lyric poetry inaugurated at Court by Wyatt and Surrey seems to have largely subsided, but revived later with the taste for other imaginative forms of literature, in the last two decades of Elizabeth's reign. 

It revived not only among the courtiers but among all classes;

 almost every writer of the period (except for prose) seems to have been gifted with the lyric power.  The qualities which especially distinguish the Elizabethan lyrics are fluency, sweetness, melody, and an enthusiastic joy in life, all spontaneous, direct, and exquisite.  Poetry unites the genuineness of the popular ballad with the finer sense of conscious artistic poetry, 

In subject they display the usual lyric variety.



There are songs of delight in Nature;



a multitude of love poems of all moods;

 many pastorals, in which, generally, the pastoral conventions sit lightly on the genuine poetical feeling; 

occasional patriotic outbursts;



and some reflective and religious poems.

 In stanza structure the number of forms is unusually great, but in most cases stanzas are internally varied and have a large ixture of short, ringing or musing, lines.  The lyrics were published sometimes in collections by single authors, sometimes in the series of anthologies which succeeded to Tottel's 'Miscellany.'  Some of these anthologies were books of songs with the accompanying music from Italy and cultivated with the soft melody of the best Elizabethan lyrics of accomplished composers.  Many of the lyrics, again, are included as songs in the dramas of the time; and Shakespeare's comedies show him nearly as preeminent among the lyric poets.