Eco Tourism In Montalban Rizal 4w5y6h
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TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
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CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter aims to present the introduction, review of related literature, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, and significance of the study, scope and limitation and definition of . INTRODUCTION Ecotourism is often perceived as an excellent tool for promoting sustainable development in developing countries. Many view ecotourism as a viable way to protect the natural environment and create social and economic benefits for local communities. According to David Weaver “Interest in ecotourism, now widespread among tourism planners and marketers, is rationalized by a number of popular assumptions regarding the sector’s potential economic, environmental, and socio-cultural benefits” (Weaver, 2011). While some ecotourism projects can such claims, many ecotourism projects have failed to address some fundamental issues and do not generate the very benefits ecotourism is intended to provide. When poorly planned and implemented, ecotourism can quickly turn economic gains into social and environmental disasters. Clearly ecotourism is not a universal remedy; but its potential to promote sustainable development deserves considerable attention. As ecotourism has grown and evolved over the past. Although the foundation of data is strong, there remains a great deal of uncertainty and debate, which requires more exploration as to what ecotourism really means and what its role is in the context of international development.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
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With the advent of the documentation of Mts. Pamitinan and Binacayan, Brgy. Wawa in Rodriguez (formerly Montalban), Rizal is fast becoming a haven for hikers. Just an hour away from Metro Manila, and offering dramatic views atop limestone formations, these mountains are truly worthy dayhikes. Mt. Ayaas is a pleasant addition to the outdoor destinations of Rodriguez, Rizal. While Pamitinan, Binacayan, and Hapunang Banoi are practicality look-alikes, Mt. Ayaas is a mountain made distinctive by its river trekking and grassland slopes. Moreover, it is arguably the most challenging of the hikes in the area – even though all of them are relatively easy and are, as of July 2015, rated as Difficulty 3/9. Just like the other mountains in the area, the hike up Mt. Ayaas originates from Brgy. Wawa proper. ing through Wawa Dam and the magnificent gorge. The first half involves mostly river trekking, and the difficulty is highly weather-dependent, as the rocks are very slippery when wet – and the water level is high such that it is inevitable that you yourself will get wet.Past the river trek, the trail becomes more inclined, ing through woodlands and a final assault up grassland slopes to reach the summit. At times, the trek is reminiscent of the Malipunyo Range and other Batangas mountains. At the top, one is treated to a view of not just the Wawa mountains, but also Mt. Lubog (SE).With its distinctive features, ease of access, and relatively challenging trails, Mt. Ayaas is truly another compelling reason to visit Montalban! If the strategy is ecological tourism, let it be. If Mt. Ayaas has it, develop it, and manage it. Invest in it as people are going there because it has what it takes to be an
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
5
ecological tourism site. This is true for all other ecological tourism sites all over the country, such as Boracay, Bohol, Palawan, Corregidor, and others. But we have to do the basics to attract more tourists. We have to show that we do not only have the natural bounty, but the capability as well to nurture the nature that we have. Local awareness also has a long way to go. The immediate community needs to realize that this is their livelihood and that the foodstuff they sell is not what tourists come for – it is the landscape, the history of the place, and the people. Thus, they have to participate in keeping the landscape and history desirable for visitors because it provides them the livelihood as a result. Here, local government and civil society are needed to increase the awareness of people. Tourists also need re-education, as there are local tourists who irresponsibly throw their garbage anywhere. It is generally understood that tourism development affects local communities. While tourism activities can also be very beneficial at the national level through foreign earnings (Alejandrino, 2011) among others, the focus in this research is on the local level impacts, or more specifically the perceived impacts. Rather than looking at actual impact indicators, such as real income or environmental degradation, this study focuses on the attitudes of residents towards tourism development in their community. This is a challenge for all of us – the people and the government. Local government is in the right direction in making tourism a development strategy, but it cannot continue managing things the way they it is done now, with poor quality and poor maintenance.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
6
The next paragraphs will discuss the three types of impact in more detail, with a specific focus on the potential outcomes for the possible effects of eco-tourism in Mt. Ayaas.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Local Related Literature The first definition of ecotourism itself came to the Philippines in 1994, during a workshop on that subject. Here, ecotourism came to be out rightly defined again in of sustainable development. Though the definition also had in addition to this social and economical advantages for culture and nature, sustainable development seemed the priority—something that I would call sustainable tourism with a touch of ecotourism. At any case, this definition came to be the foundation and the inspiration of the succeeding ecotourism initiatives by the local government units (LGUs), NGOs and local communities in the Philippines. Ecotourism became a buzzword when ecotourism was under its way in the small local level. Eventually, the issue of ecotourism also became more and more popular as well as more mainstream. Feeling the popular winds of the time, then president Joseph Estrada decreed Executive Order 111,146 which echoes the result of the 1994 workshop on ecotourism. The order led to the creation of the National Ecotourism Development Council (NEDC), whose role was to structure the previously small, low-budget and unstructured local ecotourism projects in the country. (Andrada,2012) The Philippines is economically a poor country, but on the other hand it is a country rich in nature. Partly because of this, tourism has become a promising source of money for the Philippines, and stands for a significant part of the national income. Understandably, this has translated to a big interest from the government to further
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
8
develop tourism and make the Philippines a big tourist destination in the stiff Southeast Asian competition. The Philippines is indeed being marketed as a tourist destination that features predominantly wild and untouched nature of high mountains and white beaches. That a country such as this so rich in nature would see ecotourism as a good economic alternative is in this sense not strange. However, it would be interesting to see how such an ecotourism would look like.( Alejandrino , 2011) International tourism is today a giant industry, an industry which is also growing, but asking Midas discovered, everything is not gold that shines. The pursuit for profit has led to exploitation of nature as well as people. It have been shown that tourism often does more harm then good, especially for development countries, of whom many are big tourist destinations. Traditional mass tourism is often run by foreigners without cultural or environmental sensitivity, who’s only goal is profit. To counter these negative effects of tourism, other non-traditional forms of tourism have been considered, including tourism associated with nature such as nature-based tourism, ecologically sustainable tourism and ecotourism. According to Ecotourism Philippines, Ecotourism refers to a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where community participation, protection and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental education and ethics as well as economic benefits are fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host communities and satisfaction of visitors.
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For ecotourism to work, the community needs to establish goals that promote the conservation of the natural environment, economic prosperity for the majority of stakeholders and community development. Wealth generation is a major goal of all livelihood projects including ecotourism. The dynamics of development however, often results to inequality, wherein the rich tend to become richer and the poor tend to become poorer. This happens when market forces are allowed to control development and there are no conscious effort to establish safety nets. The latter come in the form of community organizing, capacity building, networking, sustainable livelihood projects, market linkages, sustainable financing and other schemes that will make sure that the marginalized sector of society also have a chance to be part of development. (Terrence, 2012). Foreign Related Literature According to Boo (2011), Ecotourism has six characteristics. These are: a) ecotourism involves travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas and/or archeological sites, b) it focuses on learning and the quality of experience, c) it economically benefits the local communities, d) ecotourists seek to view rare species, spectacular landscapes and/or the unusual and exotic, e) ecotourists do not deplete resources but even sustain the environment or help undo damage to the environment, and f) ecotourists appreciate and respect local culture, traditions, etc. Moreover, Orams (2012) believes that ecotourism must have a strong “people element”. For example, the travelers should learn about the forest and its people. They
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should also learn the causes of destruction of the rainforests. The project must also be built through the cooperative action of a variety of key groups because failure to involve even a single group may result in destruction of the resource. International tourism is today a giant industry, an industry which is also growing, but as king Midas discovered, everything is not gold that shines. The pursuit for profit has led to exploitation of nature as well as people. It have been shown that tourism often does more harm then good, especially for development countries, of whom many are big tourist destinations. Traditional mass tourism is often run by foreigners without cultural or environmental sensitivity, who’s only goal is profit. To counter these negative effects of tourism, other non-traditional forms of tourism have been considered, including tourism associated with nature such as nature-based tourism, ecologically sustainable tourism and ecotourism. (Weaver 2013) Nature-based tourism is, as it sounds, tourism that has nature as its main attraction. This form of tourism has its roots in the conservation movement of the 19th century. Ecologically sustainable tourism on the other hand has its foundation in the concept of sustainable development. This concept rests on the implementation of environmental sustainability in mainstream thought. Mainstream thought though, is said by some to be modern thought, and critics of sustainable development say that the concept of sustainable development rather means ecological modernization.(Cruz, 2013) Already in 1985, Murphy stressed the importance local involvement in tourism development. He indicated that the success of tourism relies on the goodwill and
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cooperation of local people because they are part of the tourism product. He argues that if tourism development. He indicated that the success of tourism relies on the goodwill and cooperation of local people because they are part of the tourism product. He argues that if tourism development and planning does not match with the local aspirations and capabilities, this can destroy the industries’ potential. However, there are various ways in which local communities can be involved in tourism activities. Thus, while there is little discussion as to whether or not locals should be involved in tourism development, there is discussion about how they should be involved (Gossling, 2012). Because local participation is generally regarded as a contributing factor in the success of development projects, it is now incorporated in policies of many NGOs and governments (). Many organizations talk about having locals participate in their programmes, which makes their projects look good on paper. In reality however, there is not one form of participation, and therefore the term may sometimes be used inappropriately. Gossling indicate that it is the uncritical manner in which participation is conceptualised and practiced that draws increasing attention (2012). An example is the rise of alternative types of tourism as discussed previously, which will be more appropriate for local community development. Also the relation between tourism and development is expressed in the outcomes of tourism and therefore cannot be ignored. These outcomes may be positive or negative depending on many factors such as tourist attitudes, tourism development processes, economic and political structures, etc. (Weaver, 2011).
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This study will focus on the effects of Eco-Tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal. INPUT
PROCESS
- Demographic profile of the respondents in of: a. Age b. Gender c. Nationality -The Effects of EcoTourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal
- Conducting of survey through distribution of questionnaires -Analysis of Data Collected -Discussion of the Data
OUTPUT
For people to know the importance of local involvement in tourism development in Mt. Ayaas Rodriguez, Rizal.
FIG. 1 RESEARCH PARADIGM
-Satisfaction of Tourist
-Residents of TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES Rodriguez, Rizal
13
on the diagram that shows the input of the study, addressing the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people in Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal. The mountain has made distinctively by its river trekking and grassland slopes. Moreover, it is arguably the most challenging of the hikes in the area – even though all of them are relatively easy and are, as of July 2015, rated as Difficulty 3/9 that they may help the newly discovered tourist destination to be more known by other people. Satisfaction of tourist for them to
come back to the destination again and the respondents chosen by the researcher are from the residents of Rodriguez,, Rizal and tourists who came or visited the said eco-tourism destination so that they can help to find answers and facts about the said topic. To determine the profile of respondents and to find out the tourist satisfaction in of choosing eco-tourism destination, how convenient the said destination for the tourist and suggestions coming from them. To identify the problems encountered and promote the eco-tourism destination in Rodriguez, Rizal to be more familiar. Mt. Ayaas will be more develop in the near future if it will be take care of the municipality and by the tourist. Aiming the effects of eco-tourism to its people . To give idea about the mountain, to enhance and promote its natural beauty to the people to know the new discovered cave in Rodriguez, Rizal, so it’ll be known and tourist may enjoy the said tourist destination.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aims to determine the effects of Eco-Tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal that will help the local community and at the same time improve the tourism industry of Rodriguez, Rizal. 1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents:
Age
Gender
Occupation
Civil Status
1. 2. What does the government and locals do to preserve the Mt. Ayaas ecotourism destination in of: a. Attractions b. Location c. Culture d. Natural resources
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3. What are the advantages of Mt. Ayaas eco-tourism destination to the stakeholders? 4. Is there any significant relationship among the variables of determining the different effects of Eco-Tourism to Local and its people of Mt.Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal ? ASSUMPTION
There is no demographic profile of the tourists and the maintaining tourist satisfaction towards Mt. Ayaas. There are no standards that the said mountain need to reach to satisfy the tourists.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study focuses on cooperation of local people in eco- tourism development of Mt. Ayaas various ways which local communities can be involved in tourism activities..
Also this study is important to local level impacts, or more specifically the perceived impacts. There are group of people who will benefit to this study: Researchers To the researchers, it will benefit other researchers who want to study about the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people in Mt. Ayaas Rodriguez, Rizal. Because they can have information and ideas when they will make their own research. Community To the community, it is important for them because they knew that local communities have a high degree of control over the activities taking place, and a significant proportion of the economic benefits accrue to them if they visit the said mountain. And of course the income of the community will increase if that tourist spot will be known by other people especially those who loves adventures like foreigners. Students To the students, if they love adventures together with their friends they can go to Mt. Ayaas offering dramatic views atop limestone formations, where the mountain are truly worthy in dayhikes. Also, to enhance their skills to promote the tourist spots in this country especially with the hidden tourist spot like the Mt. Ayaas. TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES Family
17
To the family, for them to know the newest place they would visit then if they want adventures with their family. A best time to catch-up with their family and also to teach their children about the tourist spots in our country. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study will focus on the Effects of Eco-tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal; as perceived by the tourist. The respondents will be one hundred (100) residents of Rodriguez, Rizal who already visited the Mt. Ayaas. They will be segmented by means of their age, gender, occupation, and civil status. The purposive sampling will be used in selecting the respondents in this study. This is the sampling that will be used because the researchers have to set a particular characteristics that they will need for their respondents who already went to Mt. Ayaas. The qualifications set by the researchers should meet by the respondents. The research instrument that will be used is survey-questionnaire that will consist of demographic profile of the respondents, how can maintain the cleanliness of the area in the said mountain, what type/s of local participation are shown by the local community, who the stakeholders in the eco-tourism of the said mountain and what are their roles, and which social, economic and environmental impacts are encountered and how satisfied is the local community with these impacts.
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The respondents of the study who will answer the survey-questionnaire that will be provided by the researchers will be the residents of Rodriguez, Rizal and tourist
already visited the mountain. These will be the respondents because they already visited the mountain. They will be able to give accurate answer on the survey-questionnaire that will be provided. The researchers will go to the province of Rodriguez, Rizal to conduct a survey-questionnaire to the residents of Rodriguez, Rizal and tourist who went in the said mountain. They will be distributed survey-questionnaire until they reach the respondents that they needed which are the one hundred (100) residents of Rodriguez, Rizal and tourists. This study will focus only on the mentioned variables of the effects of ecotourism of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal; as perceived by the tourist
DEFINITION OF Attraction- something interesting or enjoyable that people want to visit, see or do. Community- a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. Destination- a place to which a person is going.. Eco- Tourism- tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened, natural environments, especially to conservation efforts and observe wildlife
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Promotion – something(such as advertising) that is done to make people aware of something and increase it sales or popularity
Stakeholders- a person with an interest or concern in something, especially a business. Tourism- the act of travelling to a place for pleasure Tourist- a person who travels to a place for a pleasure Travel- to go on a trip or journey Traveler- a person who moves around a place to place instead of living in one place for a long time.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES CHAPTER II. METHODOLOGY
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This chapter presents the process in the preparation of the study, research design, population and sampling, selection of the respondents, instruments and used sources of data, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design The study the the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal was conducted 2016-2017. Descriptive method was used in this study. Descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of findings. It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current conditions, practices, or any phenomena. Population and Sampling The study focused on the local residents of Rodriguez, Rizal, their perspective regarding the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people. The target population consisted of 100 local residents in Rodriguez, Rizal. The researcher were used the Purposive sampling method, wherein for a non-probability sampling method that is characterised by a deliberate effort to gain representative samples by including groups or typical areas in a sample. The researcher relies on his/her own judgement to select sample group . Purposive sampling is mainly popular in qualitative studies.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES Respondents of the Study
21
The respondents chosen by the researcher is the residents from Rodriguez, Rizal and other tourists who came or visited the said tourist destination, they are the easiest respondents to conduct survey because they have the knowledge and visited the resort often.The researcher used survey form by distributing questionnaire. Research Instrument The questions made by the researcher was from the topic, problems and even the benefits of the said problem. The questions will be answered by respondents. The researcher utilized the following to answer specific problem. 1.
Descriptive Interview
An act in which there is a question and answer portion between people. 2.
Questionnaire
The main instrument that will be used is questionnaire. It will consist of two parts: Part I- The demographic profile of respondents Part II- The questions on how selected restaurants help to campaign the tourism trends in Rodriguez, Rizal’s local tourism which will be answered by respondents. 3. Likert Scale will be used in measuring the variables will be:
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES SCALE
VERBAL INTERPRETATION
22
5
Strongly Agree
4
Moderately Agree
3
Agree
2
Disagree
1
Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure The questionnaire will be presented to qualified person for criticism. The questionnaire will be given to the respondents, with proper instructions on how it should be answered. Statistical Treatment Of Data After gathering the data it was organized and analyzed. With the used of frequency count, percentage, weighted mean and ANOVA, f-test/t- test, the answer to the study can be calculated and interpreted. 1.
Percentage- this is used as descriptive measure to determine the frequency of
respondents against the total number of respondents this will how the profile of the respondents. Formula: % = f/n x 100
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
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2.
Weighted mean – to get the perception of selected individual from Rodriguez,
Rizal in of their gender. Where: p = percentage f = frequency n = total number of respondents ¿ ( w. x ) ¿ ×= ∑ ¿¿ ∑w
3. ANOVA- A One- Way Analysis of Variance is a way to test the equality of three or more means at one time by using variances.The populations from which the samples were obtained must be normally or approximately normally distributed.The samples must be independent. The variances of the populations must be equal.
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REFERENCES Alejandrino AM, (2011) Ecotourism in the Philippines Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, pp. 174-182 Andrada WM, (2012) “Ecotourism Development Framework in the Philippines” Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, pp. 166-173 Boo, E. (2011). Making Ecotourism Sustainable: Recommendations for Planning, Development, and Management. Washington, DC: Island Press. (pp. 187-199). Cruz RG, ( 2013). Towards Sustainable Tourism Development int the Philippines and Other Asean Countries: An Examination of Programs and Practices of National Tourism Organizations. General Format. Retrieved from http://www.ecotourism.org/ Gossling, Stefan. (2012.) “Ecotourism: a means to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions?” Ecological Economics. pp. 29: 303-320. Orams, Mark B. (2012). Towards a more desirable form of ecotourism. Tourism Management. 16(1), 3-8. Terence DJ, (2012 April 25). Pledge of . In: United Nations Development Programs Philippines General Format. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org.ph/speeches/ Weaver, D. B. (2013). Ecotourism in the Less Developed World. New York: CABI International.
THE EFFECTS OF ECO-TOURISM TO LOCAL AND ITS PEOPLE OF
MT. AYAAS IN RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL
A Research Proposal to the School of International Hospitality Management World Citi Colleges Quezon City
In Partial fulfillment Of the Requirements in Research (Thesis 1) Of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
BUENO, ANA PRUDENCE DE CASTRO, THAIRON JACOB, LENARD PRADO, RIZA BERNALAINE RAZON, JAN ELEXER ZAMORA, TRISHIAN KIM
ARPRIL 2016
Table of Content
Page Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Review of Related Literature Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Framework Research Paradigm Statement of the Problem Assumption Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation of the Study Definition of 2 METHODOLOGY Research Design Population and Sampling Respondents of the Study Research Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Treatment
3 6 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 20 20 21 21 22 23
3
CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter aims to present the introduction, review of related literature, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, and significance of the study, scope and limitation and definition of . INTRODUCTION Ecotourism is often perceived as an excellent tool for promoting sustainable development in developing countries. Many view ecotourism as a viable way to protect the natural environment and create social and economic benefits for local communities. According to David Weaver “Interest in ecotourism, now widespread among tourism planners and marketers, is rationalized by a number of popular assumptions regarding the sector’s potential economic, environmental, and socio-cultural benefits” (Weaver, 2011). While some ecotourism projects can such claims, many ecotourism projects have failed to address some fundamental issues and do not generate the very benefits ecotourism is intended to provide. When poorly planned and implemented, ecotourism can quickly turn economic gains into social and environmental disasters. Clearly ecotourism is not a universal remedy; but its potential to promote sustainable development deserves considerable attention. As ecotourism has grown and evolved over the past. Although the foundation of data is strong, there remains a great deal of uncertainty and debate, which requires more exploration as to what ecotourism really means and what its role is in the context of international development.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
4
With the advent of the documentation of Mts. Pamitinan and Binacayan, Brgy. Wawa in Rodriguez (formerly Montalban), Rizal is fast becoming a haven for hikers. Just an hour away from Metro Manila, and offering dramatic views atop limestone formations, these mountains are truly worthy dayhikes. Mt. Ayaas is a pleasant addition to the outdoor destinations of Rodriguez, Rizal. While Pamitinan, Binacayan, and Hapunang Banoi are practicality look-alikes, Mt. Ayaas is a mountain made distinctive by its river trekking and grassland slopes. Moreover, it is arguably the most challenging of the hikes in the area – even though all of them are relatively easy and are, as of July 2015, rated as Difficulty 3/9. Just like the other mountains in the area, the hike up Mt. Ayaas originates from Brgy. Wawa proper. ing through Wawa Dam and the magnificent gorge. The first half involves mostly river trekking, and the difficulty is highly weather-dependent, as the rocks are very slippery when wet – and the water level is high such that it is inevitable that you yourself will get wet.Past the river trek, the trail becomes more inclined, ing through woodlands and a final assault up grassland slopes to reach the summit. At times, the trek is reminiscent of the Malipunyo Range and other Batangas mountains. At the top, one is treated to a view of not just the Wawa mountains, but also Mt. Lubog (SE).With its distinctive features, ease of access, and relatively challenging trails, Mt. Ayaas is truly another compelling reason to visit Montalban! If the strategy is ecological tourism, let it be. If Mt. Ayaas has it, develop it, and manage it. Invest in it as people are going there because it has what it takes to be an
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
5
ecological tourism site. This is true for all other ecological tourism sites all over the country, such as Boracay, Bohol, Palawan, Corregidor, and others. But we have to do the basics to attract more tourists. We have to show that we do not only have the natural bounty, but the capability as well to nurture the nature that we have. Local awareness also has a long way to go. The immediate community needs to realize that this is their livelihood and that the foodstuff they sell is not what tourists come for – it is the landscape, the history of the place, and the people. Thus, they have to participate in keeping the landscape and history desirable for visitors because it provides them the livelihood as a result. Here, local government and civil society are needed to increase the awareness of people. Tourists also need re-education, as there are local tourists who irresponsibly throw their garbage anywhere. It is generally understood that tourism development affects local communities. While tourism activities can also be very beneficial at the national level through foreign earnings (Alejandrino, 2011) among others, the focus in this research is on the local level impacts, or more specifically the perceived impacts. Rather than looking at actual impact indicators, such as real income or environmental degradation, this study focuses on the attitudes of residents towards tourism development in their community. This is a challenge for all of us – the people and the government. Local government is in the right direction in making tourism a development strategy, but it cannot continue managing things the way they it is done now, with poor quality and poor maintenance.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
6
The next paragraphs will discuss the three types of impact in more detail, with a specific focus on the potential outcomes for the possible effects of eco-tourism in Mt. Ayaas.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Local Related Literature The first definition of ecotourism itself came to the Philippines in 1994, during a workshop on that subject. Here, ecotourism came to be out rightly defined again in of sustainable development. Though the definition also had in addition to this social and economical advantages for culture and nature, sustainable development seemed the priority—something that I would call sustainable tourism with a touch of ecotourism. At any case, this definition came to be the foundation and the inspiration of the succeeding ecotourism initiatives by the local government units (LGUs), NGOs and local communities in the Philippines. Ecotourism became a buzzword when ecotourism was under its way in the small local level. Eventually, the issue of ecotourism also became more and more popular as well as more mainstream. Feeling the popular winds of the time, then president Joseph Estrada decreed Executive Order 111,146 which echoes the result of the 1994 workshop on ecotourism. The order led to the creation of the National Ecotourism Development Council (NEDC), whose role was to structure the previously small, low-budget and unstructured local ecotourism projects in the country. (Andrada,2012) The Philippines is economically a poor country, but on the other hand it is a country rich in nature. Partly because of this, tourism has become a promising source of money for the Philippines, and stands for a significant part of the national income. Understandably, this has translated to a big interest from the government to further
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
8
develop tourism and make the Philippines a big tourist destination in the stiff Southeast Asian competition. The Philippines is indeed being marketed as a tourist destination that features predominantly wild and untouched nature of high mountains and white beaches. That a country such as this so rich in nature would see ecotourism as a good economic alternative is in this sense not strange. However, it would be interesting to see how such an ecotourism would look like.( Alejandrino , 2011) International tourism is today a giant industry, an industry which is also growing, but asking Midas discovered, everything is not gold that shines. The pursuit for profit has led to exploitation of nature as well as people. It have been shown that tourism often does more harm then good, especially for development countries, of whom many are big tourist destinations. Traditional mass tourism is often run by foreigners without cultural or environmental sensitivity, who’s only goal is profit. To counter these negative effects of tourism, other non-traditional forms of tourism have been considered, including tourism associated with nature such as nature-based tourism, ecologically sustainable tourism and ecotourism. According to Ecotourism Philippines, Ecotourism refers to a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where community participation, protection and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental education and ethics as well as economic benefits are fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host communities and satisfaction of visitors.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
9
For ecotourism to work, the community needs to establish goals that promote the conservation of the natural environment, economic prosperity for the majority of stakeholders and community development. Wealth generation is a major goal of all livelihood projects including ecotourism. The dynamics of development however, often results to inequality, wherein the rich tend to become richer and the poor tend to become poorer. This happens when market forces are allowed to control development and there are no conscious effort to establish safety nets. The latter come in the form of community organizing, capacity building, networking, sustainable livelihood projects, market linkages, sustainable financing and other schemes that will make sure that the marginalized sector of society also have a chance to be part of development. (Terrence, 2012). Foreign Related Literature According to Boo (2011), Ecotourism has six characteristics. These are: a) ecotourism involves travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas and/or archeological sites, b) it focuses on learning and the quality of experience, c) it economically benefits the local communities, d) ecotourists seek to view rare species, spectacular landscapes and/or the unusual and exotic, e) ecotourists do not deplete resources but even sustain the environment or help undo damage to the environment, and f) ecotourists appreciate and respect local culture, traditions, etc. Moreover, Orams (2012) believes that ecotourism must have a strong “people element”. For example, the travelers should learn about the forest and its people. They
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should also learn the causes of destruction of the rainforests. The project must also be built through the cooperative action of a variety of key groups because failure to involve even a single group may result in destruction of the resource. International tourism is today a giant industry, an industry which is also growing, but as king Midas discovered, everything is not gold that shines. The pursuit for profit has led to exploitation of nature as well as people. It have been shown that tourism often does more harm then good, especially for development countries, of whom many are big tourist destinations. Traditional mass tourism is often run by foreigners without cultural or environmental sensitivity, who’s only goal is profit. To counter these negative effects of tourism, other non-traditional forms of tourism have been considered, including tourism associated with nature such as nature-based tourism, ecologically sustainable tourism and ecotourism. (Weaver 2013) Nature-based tourism is, as it sounds, tourism that has nature as its main attraction. This form of tourism has its roots in the conservation movement of the 19th century. Ecologically sustainable tourism on the other hand has its foundation in the concept of sustainable development. This concept rests on the implementation of environmental sustainability in mainstream thought. Mainstream thought though, is said by some to be modern thought, and critics of sustainable development say that the concept of sustainable development rather means ecological modernization.(Cruz, 2013) Already in 1985, Murphy stressed the importance local involvement in tourism development. He indicated that the success of tourism relies on the goodwill and
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cooperation of local people because they are part of the tourism product. He argues that if tourism development. He indicated that the success of tourism relies on the goodwill and cooperation of local people because they are part of the tourism product. He argues that if tourism development and planning does not match with the local aspirations and capabilities, this can destroy the industries’ potential. However, there are various ways in which local communities can be involved in tourism activities. Thus, while there is little discussion as to whether or not locals should be involved in tourism development, there is discussion about how they should be involved (Gossling, 2012). Because local participation is generally regarded as a contributing factor in the success of development projects, it is now incorporated in policies of many NGOs and governments (). Many organizations talk about having locals participate in their programmes, which makes their projects look good on paper. In reality however, there is not one form of participation, and therefore the term may sometimes be used inappropriately. Gossling indicate that it is the uncritical manner in which participation is conceptualised and practiced that draws increasing attention (2012). An example is the rise of alternative types of tourism as discussed previously, which will be more appropriate for local community development. Also the relation between tourism and development is expressed in the outcomes of tourism and therefore cannot be ignored. These outcomes may be positive or negative depending on many factors such as tourist attitudes, tourism development processes, economic and political structures, etc. (Weaver, 2011).
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This study will focus on the effects of Eco-Tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal. INPUT
PROCESS
- Demographic profile of the respondents in of: a. Age b. Gender c. Nationality -The Effects of EcoTourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal
- Conducting of survey through distribution of questionnaires -Analysis of Data Collected -Discussion of the Data
OUTPUT
For people to know the importance of local involvement in tourism development in Mt. Ayaas Rodriguez, Rizal.
FIG. 1 RESEARCH PARADIGM
-Satisfaction of Tourist
-Residents of TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES Rodriguez, Rizal
13
on the diagram that shows the input of the study, addressing the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people in Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal. The mountain has made distinctively by its river trekking and grassland slopes. Moreover, it is arguably the most challenging of the hikes in the area – even though all of them are relatively easy and are, as of July 2015, rated as Difficulty 3/9 that they may help the newly discovered tourist destination to be more known by other people. Satisfaction of tourist for them to
come back to the destination again and the respondents chosen by the researcher are from the residents of Rodriguez,, Rizal and tourists who came or visited the said eco-tourism destination so that they can help to find answers and facts about the said topic. To determine the profile of respondents and to find out the tourist satisfaction in of choosing eco-tourism destination, how convenient the said destination for the tourist and suggestions coming from them. To identify the problems encountered and promote the eco-tourism destination in Rodriguez, Rizal to be more familiar. Mt. Ayaas will be more develop in the near future if it will be take care of the municipality and by the tourist. Aiming the effects of eco-tourism to its people . To give idea about the mountain, to enhance and promote its natural beauty to the people to know the new discovered cave in Rodriguez, Rizal, so it’ll be known and tourist may enjoy the said tourist destination.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aims to determine the effects of Eco-Tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal that will help the local community and at the same time improve the tourism industry of Rodriguez, Rizal. 1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents:
Age
Gender
Occupation
Civil Status
1. 2. What does the government and locals do to preserve the Mt. Ayaas ecotourism destination in of: a. Attractions b. Location c. Culture d. Natural resources
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15
3. What are the advantages of Mt. Ayaas eco-tourism destination to the stakeholders? 4. Is there any significant relationship among the variables of determining the different effects of Eco-Tourism to Local and its people of Mt.Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal ? ASSUMPTION
There is no demographic profile of the tourists and the maintaining tourist satisfaction towards Mt. Ayaas. There are no standards that the said mountain need to reach to satisfy the tourists.
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16
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study focuses on cooperation of local people in eco- tourism development of Mt. Ayaas various ways which local communities can be involved in tourism activities..
Also this study is important to local level impacts, or more specifically the perceived impacts. There are group of people who will benefit to this study: Researchers To the researchers, it will benefit other researchers who want to study about the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people in Mt. Ayaas Rodriguez, Rizal. Because they can have information and ideas when they will make their own research. Community To the community, it is important for them because they knew that local communities have a high degree of control over the activities taking place, and a significant proportion of the economic benefits accrue to them if they visit the said mountain. And of course the income of the community will increase if that tourist spot will be known by other people especially those who loves adventures like foreigners. Students To the students, if they love adventures together with their friends they can go to Mt. Ayaas offering dramatic views atop limestone formations, where the mountain are truly worthy in dayhikes. Also, to enhance their skills to promote the tourist spots in this country especially with the hidden tourist spot like the Mt. Ayaas. TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES Family
17
To the family, for them to know the newest place they would visit then if they want adventures with their family. A best time to catch-up with their family and also to teach their children about the tourist spots in our country. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study will focus on the Effects of Eco-tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal; as perceived by the tourist. The respondents will be one hundred (100) residents of Rodriguez, Rizal who already visited the Mt. Ayaas. They will be segmented by means of their age, gender, occupation, and civil status. The purposive sampling will be used in selecting the respondents in this study. This is the sampling that will be used because the researchers have to set a particular characteristics that they will need for their respondents who already went to Mt. Ayaas. The qualifications set by the researchers should meet by the respondents. The research instrument that will be used is survey-questionnaire that will consist of demographic profile of the respondents, how can maintain the cleanliness of the area in the said mountain, what type/s of local participation are shown by the local community, who the stakeholders in the eco-tourism of the said mountain and what are their roles, and which social, economic and environmental impacts are encountered and how satisfied is the local community with these impacts.
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The respondents of the study who will answer the survey-questionnaire that will be provided by the researchers will be the residents of Rodriguez, Rizal and tourist
already visited the mountain. These will be the respondents because they already visited the mountain. They will be able to give accurate answer on the survey-questionnaire that will be provided. The researchers will go to the province of Rodriguez, Rizal to conduct a survey-questionnaire to the residents of Rodriguez, Rizal and tourist who went in the said mountain. They will be distributed survey-questionnaire until they reach the respondents that they needed which are the one hundred (100) residents of Rodriguez, Rizal and tourists. This study will focus only on the mentioned variables of the effects of ecotourism of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal; as perceived by the tourist
DEFINITION OF Attraction- something interesting or enjoyable that people want to visit, see or do. Community- a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. Destination- a place to which a person is going.. Eco- Tourism- tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened, natural environments, especially to conservation efforts and observe wildlife
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
19
Promotion – something(such as advertising) that is done to make people aware of something and increase it sales or popularity
Stakeholders- a person with an interest or concern in something, especially a business. Tourism- the act of travelling to a place for pleasure Tourist- a person who travels to a place for a pleasure Travel- to go on a trip or journey Traveler- a person who moves around a place to place instead of living in one place for a long time.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES CHAPTER II. METHODOLOGY
20
This chapter presents the process in the preparation of the study, research design, population and sampling, selection of the respondents, instruments and used sources of data, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design The study the the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people of Mt. Ayaas in Rodriguez, Rizal was conducted 2016-2017. Descriptive method was used in this study. Descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of findings. It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current conditions, practices, or any phenomena. Population and Sampling The study focused on the local residents of Rodriguez, Rizal, their perspective regarding the effects of eco-tourism to local and its people. The target population consisted of 100 local residents in Rodriguez, Rizal. The researcher were used the Purposive sampling method, wherein for a non-probability sampling method that is characterised by a deliberate effort to gain representative samples by including groups or typical areas in a sample. The researcher relies on his/her own judgement to select sample group . Purposive sampling is mainly popular in qualitative studies.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES Respondents of the Study
21
The respondents chosen by the researcher is the residents from Rodriguez, Rizal and other tourists who came or visited the said tourist destination, they are the easiest respondents to conduct survey because they have the knowledge and visited the resort often.The researcher used survey form by distributing questionnaire. Research Instrument The questions made by the researcher was from the topic, problems and even the benefits of the said problem. The questions will be answered by respondents. The researcher utilized the following to answer specific problem. 1.
Descriptive Interview
An act in which there is a question and answer portion between people. 2.
Questionnaire
The main instrument that will be used is questionnaire. It will consist of two parts: Part I- The demographic profile of respondents Part II- The questions on how selected restaurants help to campaign the tourism trends in Rodriguez, Rizal’s local tourism which will be answered by respondents. 3. Likert Scale will be used in measuring the variables will be:
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES SCALE
VERBAL INTERPRETATION
22
5
Strongly Agree
4
Moderately Agree
3
Agree
2
Disagree
1
Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure The questionnaire will be presented to qualified person for criticism. The questionnaire will be given to the respondents, with proper instructions on how it should be answered. Statistical Treatment Of Data After gathering the data it was organized and analyzed. With the used of frequency count, percentage, weighted mean and ANOVA, f-test/t- test, the answer to the study can be calculated and interpreted. 1.
Percentage- this is used as descriptive measure to determine the frequency of
respondents against the total number of respondents this will how the profile of the respondents. Formula: % = f/n x 100
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
23
2.
Weighted mean – to get the perception of selected individual from Rodriguez,
Rizal in of their gender. Where: p = percentage f = frequency n = total number of respondents ¿ ( w. x ) ¿ ×= ∑ ¿¿ ∑w
3. ANOVA- A One- Way Analysis of Variance is a way to test the equality of three or more means at one time by using variances.The populations from which the samples were obtained must be normally or approximately normally distributed.The samples must be independent. The variances of the populations must be equal.
TOURISM TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
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REFERENCES Alejandrino AM, (2011) Ecotourism in the Philippines Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, pp. 174-182 Andrada WM, (2012) “Ecotourism Development Framework in the Philippines” Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, pp. 166-173 Boo, E. (2011). Making Ecotourism Sustainable: Recommendations for Planning, Development, and Management. Washington, DC: Island Press. (pp. 187-199). Cruz RG, ( 2013). Towards Sustainable Tourism Development int the Philippines and Other Asean Countries: An Examination of Programs and Practices of National Tourism Organizations. General Format. Retrieved from http://www.ecotourism.org/ Gossling, Stefan. (2012.) “Ecotourism: a means to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions?” Ecological Economics. pp. 29: 303-320. Orams, Mark B. (2012). Towards a more desirable form of ecotourism. Tourism Management. 16(1), 3-8. Terence DJ, (2012 April 25). Pledge of . In: United Nations Development Programs Philippines General Format. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org.ph/speeches/ Weaver, D. B. (2013). Ecotourism in the Less Developed World. New York: CABI International.
THE EFFECTS OF ECO-TOURISM TO LOCAL AND ITS PEOPLE OF
MT. AYAAS IN RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL
A Research Proposal to the School of International Hospitality Management World Citi Colleges Quezon City
In Partial fulfillment Of the Requirements in Research (Thesis 1) Of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
BUENO, ANA PRUDENCE DE CASTRO, THAIRON JACOB, LENARD PRADO, RIZA BERNALAINE RAZON, JAN ELEXER ZAMORA, TRISHIAN KIM
ARPRIL 2016
Table of Content
Page Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Review of Related Literature Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Framework Research Paradigm Statement of the Problem Assumption Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation of the Study Definition of 2 METHODOLOGY Research Design Population and Sampling Respondents of the Study Research Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Treatment
3 6 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 20 20 21 21 22 23
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