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DFD Examples
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Steps: 1. Create a list of activities 2. Construct Context Level DFD (identifies external entities and processes) 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub process ) 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores ) 5. Check against rules of DFD
DFD Naming Guidelines
• External Entity Noun • Data Flow Names of data • Process verb phrase – a system name – a subsystem name
• Data Store Noun
Example : Restaurant
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example
Steps: 1. Create a list of activities
• Old way: no Use-Case Diagram The operations of a simple stand will be used to • New way: use Use-Case Diagram demonstrate the creation of 2. Construct Context Level DFD dataflow diagrams. (identifies sources and sink) 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub processes ) 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores )
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example Think through the activities that take place.
1. Create a list of activities Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example 1. Create a list of activities Also think of the additional activities needed to the basic activities.
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example Group these activities in some logical fashion, possibly functional areas.
1. Create a list of activities Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example
2. Construct Context Level DFD (identifies sources and sink)
Create a context level diagram identifying the sources and sinks (s). Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product
Context Level DFD Order CUSTOMER
Sales Forecast 0.0 Restaurant Production Schedule EMPLOYEE Pay System
Product Served Payment Received Goods Payment
Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials VENDOR
Pay for Labor
Time Worked Purchase Order
Creating Data Flow Diagrams 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub processes )
Example
Level 0 DFD
Create a level 0 diagram identifying the logical subsystems that may exist.
1.0 Sale
Sales Forecast
Customer Order
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Payment CUSTOMER
Product Served Received Goods
VENDOR
Purchase Order
2.0 Production Product Ordered Production Schedule
EMPLOYEE
Inventory 3.0 Procurement
Payment
Order Decisions Pay
4.0 Payroll
Time Worked
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores )
Example Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores.
Level 1 DFD CUSTOMER
Customer Order ORDER 1.1 Record Order
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment
Severed Order
Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
Pay for Labor
Payment 1.2 Receive Payment
PAYMENT
Request for Forecast
1.3 Produce Sales Forecast
Sales Forecast
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Example
Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores. Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product
Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Level 1 DFD Product Order ORDER 2.1 Serve Product
Quantity Severed RAW MATERIALS
Production Schedule 2.2 Produce Product
Production Data 2.3 Store Product
Quantity Used INVENTORTY
Quantity Produced & Location Stored
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Example Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores. Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment
Level 1 DFD Order Decision 3.1 Produce Purchase Order
Quantity On-Hand Quantity Received
Received Goods 3.2 Receive Items
Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
PURCHASE ORDER
Payment Approval 3.3 Pay Vendor
Pay for Labor Payment
RAW MATERIALS
RECEIVED ITEMS
VENDOR
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Example Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores. Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment
Level 1 DFD
Time Worked 4.1 Record Time Worked
TIME CARDS
Employee ID EMPLOYEE
Payroll Request 4.2 Calculate Payroll
Produce Product Store Product
Unpaid time cards PAYROLL
Payment Approval
Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
4.3 Pay Employe e
Pay for Labor Payment
PAYMENTS
Process Decomposition Level 0 Context Level
1.0 Sale
0.0 Lemonade System
2.0 Production
3.0 Procurement
4.0 Payroll
Level 1 1.1 Record Order
1.2 Receive Payment
2.1 Serve Product
2.2 Produce Product
3.1 Produce Purchase Order
3.2 Receive Items
4.1 Record Time Worked
4.2 Calculate Payroll
2.3 Store Product
3.3 Pay Vendor
4.3 Pay Employe e
Bus Garage Context Diagram Mechanical problem to be repaired
Helper
Labor
Fixed mechanical problems
Bus
Bus Repair Process System
Labor
Mechanic
Labor, parts cost details
Repair summary List of parts used
Supervisor
Inventory Management System
ing
Burger’s Order Processing System
• Draw the Burger’s context diagram – System • Order processing system
– External entities • Kitchen • Restaurant • Customer
– Processes • • • •
Customer order Receipt Food order Management report
Item Record
NEXT L
THANKS
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Steps: 1. Create a list of activities 2. Construct Context Level DFD (identifies external entities and processes) 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub process ) 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores ) 5. Check against rules of DFD
DFD Naming Guidelines
• External Entity Noun • Data Flow Names of data • Process verb phrase – a system name – a subsystem name
• Data Store Noun
Example : Restaurant
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example
Steps: 1. Create a list of activities
• Old way: no Use-Case Diagram The operations of a simple stand will be used to • New way: use Use-Case Diagram demonstrate the creation of 2. Construct Context Level DFD dataflow diagrams. (identifies sources and sink) 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub processes ) 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores )
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example Think through the activities that take place.
1. Create a list of activities Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example 1. Create a list of activities Also think of the additional activities needed to the basic activities.
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example Group these activities in some logical fashion, possibly functional areas.
1. Create a list of activities Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Creating Data Flow Diagrams Example
2. Construct Context Level DFD (identifies sources and sink)
Create a context level diagram identifying the sources and sinks (s). Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product
Context Level DFD Order CUSTOMER
Sales Forecast 0.0 Restaurant Production Schedule EMPLOYEE Pay System
Product Served Payment Received Goods Payment
Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials VENDOR
Pay for Labor
Time Worked Purchase Order
Creating Data Flow Diagrams 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub processes )
Example
Level 0 DFD
Create a level 0 diagram identifying the logical subsystems that may exist.
1.0 Sale
Sales Forecast
Customer Order
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Payment CUSTOMER
Product Served Received Goods
VENDOR
Purchase Order
2.0 Production Product Ordered Production Schedule
EMPLOYEE
Inventory 3.0 Procurement
Payment
Order Decisions Pay
4.0 Payroll
Time Worked
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores )
Example Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores.
Level 1 DFD CUSTOMER
Customer Order ORDER 1.1 Record Order
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment
Severed Order
Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
Pay for Labor
Payment 1.2 Receive Payment
PAYMENT
Request for Forecast
1.3 Produce Sales Forecast
Sales Forecast
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Example
Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores. Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product
Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor
Level 1 DFD Product Order ORDER 2.1 Serve Product
Quantity Severed RAW MATERIALS
Production Schedule 2.2 Produce Product
Production Data 2.3 Store Product
Quantity Used INVENTORTY
Quantity Produced & Location Stored
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Example Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores. Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment
Level 1 DFD Order Decision 3.1 Produce Purchase Order
Quantity On-Hand Quantity Received
Received Goods 3.2 Receive Items
Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
PURCHASE ORDER
Payment Approval 3.3 Pay Vendor
Pay for Labor Payment
RAW MATERIALS
RECEIVED ITEMS
VENDOR
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Example Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores. Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment
Level 1 DFD
Time Worked 4.1 Record Time Worked
TIME CARDS
Employee ID EMPLOYEE
Payroll Request 4.2 Calculate Payroll
Produce Product Store Product
Unpaid time cards PAYROLL
Payment Approval
Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
4.3 Pay Employe e
Pay for Labor Payment
PAYMENTS
Process Decomposition Level 0 Context Level
1.0 Sale
0.0 Lemonade System
2.0 Production
3.0 Procurement
4.0 Payroll
Level 1 1.1 Record Order
1.2 Receive Payment
2.1 Serve Product
2.2 Produce Product
3.1 Produce Purchase Order
3.2 Receive Items
4.1 Record Time Worked
4.2 Calculate Payroll
2.3 Store Product
3.3 Pay Vendor
4.3 Pay Employe e
Bus Garage Context Diagram Mechanical problem to be repaired
Helper
Labor
Fixed mechanical problems
Bus
Bus Repair Process System
Labor
Mechanic
Labor, parts cost details
Repair summary List of parts used
Supervisor
Inventory Management System
ing
Burger’s Order Processing System
• Draw the Burger’s context diagram – System • Order processing system
– External entities • Kitchen • Restaurant • Customer
– Processes • • • •
Customer order Receipt Food order Management report
Item Record
NEXT L
THANKS
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