Design And Test Technologies Of A Repeater 3m624p
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2012/7/21
Design and Test Technologies of a Repeater www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Introduction to a Repeater A repeater is an intra-frequency amplification device. It is a relay unit for amplifying signals during the wireless transmission. The basic function of a repeater is to amplify the power of RF signals. The donor antenna of
the repeater in the downlink picks up signals from the existing coverage area of the donor antenna, isolates the signals outside the band with a band filter, and then transmits the filtered signals to the area to be covered after the signals are amplified with a power amplifier. With the same method in the uplink, signals of mobile phones in the mobile station (MS) within the coverage area are transmitted to the corresponding BTS; in this way, signals between the BTS and mobile
phones are transmitted.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Types Downlink power amplifier unit
Downlink LNA unit
Duplexer
RF repeater
Uplink power amplifier unit Wireless modem
Uplink LNA unit
Main control unit
Power supply unit
MU optical module unit
MU amplifier unit
Optical fiber repeater
Splitter modem
Wireless modem
Main control unit
Power supply unit
MU Optical fiber Optical fiber
Duplexer
RU amplifier unit
Downlink power amplifier unit
Uplink LNA unit Main control unit RU1 RU2
Main unit (MU)
Remote unit (RU)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Power supply unit
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Important Safety Notes
Safety requirements on the repeater in engineering applications
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Safety requirements on the repeater features
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
Important Safety Notes (Continued) During the repeater power-on, load signals to the repeater if the output port of the master is connected to an antenna or loaded. The load voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the output port must be smaller than 1.5. To prevent electric shocks, do not operate the power supply unit inside the repeater when the power supply is connected. The outdoor antenna at the repeater site must be provided with a reliable lightning protection device, the antenna stand must be provided with lightning rods, and the antenna and feeder must be reliably grounded. Make sure that the repeater s are installed reliably due to the heavy weight of the repeater. Be cautious when moving and installing the repeater to prevent personnel and the repeater from being harmed by external factors. The downlink signal level input by the wireless repeater must be smaller than or equal to -35 dBm. Otherwise, the repeater is damaged. The signal level input by an optical fiber repeater must be smaller than or equal to 10 dBm.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Survey I. Signal source selection
CDMA/WCDMA 1. Ec/Io > –6 dB. 2. RxPwr > –70 dBm. The signal strength ranges from –40 dBm to –60 dBm. The best value is –55 dBm. 3. The Ec/Io of the first pilot is 8 dB higher than that of the second pilot.
GSM Signal strength: The receiving signal strength meets the requirements of the repeater. Traffic: Choose the cell with relatively low traffic as the signal source. Call quality: Lower than level 3. Direction: See through the BTS to ensure a stable signal source.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
Survey (Continued) II. Isolation of Receiving and Transmitting Antennas Common repeater
Ensure that the isolation (I) of receiving and transmitting antennas is at least 15 dB larger than the maximum gain (Gmax), that is, I > Gmax + 15 dB. ICS According to the repeater performance, the antenna isolation can be –15 dB larger than the Gmax.
III. Determine the required coverage area, devices, installation positions of
the antennas, lightning rods, power supply, and grounding.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Installation
Install the repeater indoor and in places of good ventilation. Make sure the places are free of the interference from devices with strong electricity, magnetic field, and corrosion. If the indoor installation is impossible, install the repeater on an outdoor pole or against the wall. In this case, direct exposure to the sunlight must be avoided. The installation place must be convenient for cabling, cable connection, and the subsequent maintenance. The temperature and moisture of the installation place must be no higher than the normal range of the master unit.
Power supply: Stable AC or DC power input must be provided. When the AC power is 220 V, the power input voltage must range from 176 V to 266 V, and the frequency must range from 45 Hz to 55 Hz. For the DC power input, the voltage must range from –48 V to ±5 V. Choose the backup battery as the power input to ensure the system reliability.
Grounding: The ground cable for the master unit must be at least 16 mm2 and the grounding resistance must be smaller than 5 ohms.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 12
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Test
Test tools
Local test software for the repeater (the version number must match the product type) One laptop and one piece of connection cable One spectrum analyzer One optical power meter and two optical pig tails (at the site of optical fiber repeater) One attenuator of 30 dB and one attenuator of 20 dB Several feeder connectors Two soft jumpers Tool kit One telescope, directional antenna, and GPS (at the site of wireless repeater)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 14
Test (Continued)
Connect and check status
Start up and shut down and set operating band/gain
Test process for the RF repeater Set parameters for the monitoring system
Test receiving signal strength and adjust donor antenna
Detect power
Test signal strength within the coverage area and adjust the antenna coverage
Adjust uplink gain and test call quality
Recheck interference from BTS and check the receiving and transmitting isolation
End
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
Test (Continued)
Test process for the RF repeater
(1) To avoid the large fluctuation of the loss on the radio wave propagation path between the repeater and the donor BTS, both the repeater and the donor BTS must be within the light of sight (LOS). (2) The receiving signal level must range from –50 dBm to –80 dBm for the repeater at the site. (3) Site selection: The repeater site must be between the donor BTS and the coverage hole to ensure that the azimuth between the donor antenna and the service antenna is at least 90º.
BTS
BTS
Repeater
Figure 6 Appropriate site
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Repeater
Figure 7 Inappropriate site
Huawei Confidential
Page 16
Test (Continued)
Test process for the RF repeater (4) Output power test Attenuator Wireless repeater
Spectrum analyzer
(5) If the power within the coverage area cannot meet the requirements, adjust the antennas so that the output power meets the design requirements. (6) The sum of the uplink output noise and the path loss from the repeater to the donor BTS must comply with the repeater specifications.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 17
Run the local test software
Test (Continued) Connect RU and set site
Set online the MU site and network management parameters and the RU No.
Measure the received BTS signal level and check the optical power on the direct coupling MU
Set the uplink gain to the minimum
Test process for the optical fiber
Faulty
repeater
Check the MU state
Check and repair Normal Faulty
Check the RU state
Check and repair Normal
Test whether the downlink output power meets the design requirements
Faulty
Normal Test signal strength and adjust antenna coverage
Fine tune the MU and RU uplink gains to ensure a balance between uplink and downlink
Recheck interference from BTS
End
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
Check and repair
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
(1) Measure the input signal strength of the source cell Testing relevant parameters is a prerequisite to site test. Parameters such as receiving power of the selected cell are obtained from the test. Make sure the signal from the signal source meet the input requirements of the repeater. Test of receiving power: Check that the devices are connected correctly, disconnect the downlink input port of the MU of the optical fiber repeater, and then connect the signal input port of the spectrum analyzer. BTS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
Spectrum analyzer
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
I. Measure the input signal strength of the source cell Note that whether the input signal is strong enough to cause the input saturation of the previous components in the spectrum analyzer or even the damage of the spectrum analyzer. The BTS power output usually ranges from 33 dBm to 43 dBm. The input RF signal power of the MU of the optical fiber repeater ranges from 0 dBm to –10 dBm. Select a proper attenuator based on the coupling degree so that the signal input to the spectrum analyzer meets the requirements.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
II. Test the optical path parameters Procedure: 1. Test the optical transmitting and receiving of the MU. 2. Test the optical transmitting and receiving of the RU. The goal is to check whether the optical path is smooth and check the optical path attenuation. If the optical path is not smooth, choose another optical fiber. If the attenuation of the optical path is too low, it will cause a saturation of the optical module input and affect the demodulation; in this case, attenuators must be added. If the attenuation of the optical path is too high, the input power of the optical module cannot meet the demodulation requirements; in this case, a new optical path must be selected. The input power and output power of the optical module in the optical fiber repeater are as follows: Optical transmitting: 4 dBm to ±1.5 dBm Optical receiving: 0 dBm to –10 dBm The optical path test is performed together with the RF test to reduce the round-trips between the MU and the RU. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
(2) Test the optical path parameters
Connector type for the optical fiber repeater: FC/APC or UPC Ensure that the connector types match the optical pig tail and jumper.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
(3) Adjust the uplink output noise level of the MU
BTS
Spectrum analyzer
The sum of the uplink output noise level of the repeater MU and the coupling degree of the BTS coupler must comply with the output noise specifications of the repeater. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 23
Thank you www.huawei.com
2012/7/21
Design and Test Technologies of a Repeater www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Introduction to a Repeater A repeater is an intra-frequency amplification device. It is a relay unit for amplifying signals during the wireless transmission. The basic function of a repeater is to amplify the power of RF signals. The donor antenna of
the repeater in the downlink picks up signals from the existing coverage area of the donor antenna, isolates the signals outside the band with a band filter, and then transmits the filtered signals to the area to be covered after the signals are amplified with a power amplifier. With the same method in the uplink, signals of mobile phones in the mobile station (MS) within the coverage area are transmitted to the corresponding BTS; in this way, signals between the BTS and mobile
phones are transmitted.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Types Downlink power amplifier unit
Downlink LNA unit
Duplexer
RF repeater
Uplink power amplifier unit Wireless modem
Uplink LNA unit
Main control unit
Power supply unit
MU optical module unit
MU amplifier unit
Optical fiber repeater
Splitter modem
Wireless modem
Main control unit
Power supply unit
MU Optical fiber Optical fiber
Duplexer
RU amplifier unit
Downlink power amplifier unit
Uplink LNA unit Main control unit RU1 RU2
Main unit (MU)
Remote unit (RU)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Power supply unit
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Important Safety Notes
Safety requirements on the repeater in engineering applications
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Safety requirements on the repeater features
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
Important Safety Notes (Continued) During the repeater power-on, load signals to the repeater if the output port of the master is connected to an antenna or loaded. The load voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the output port must be smaller than 1.5. To prevent electric shocks, do not operate the power supply unit inside the repeater when the power supply is connected. The outdoor antenna at the repeater site must be provided with a reliable lightning protection device, the antenna stand must be provided with lightning rods, and the antenna and feeder must be reliably grounded. Make sure that the repeater s are installed reliably due to the heavy weight of the repeater. Be cautious when moving and installing the repeater to prevent personnel and the repeater from being harmed by external factors. The downlink signal level input by the wireless repeater must be smaller than or equal to -35 dBm. Otherwise, the repeater is damaged. The signal level input by an optical fiber repeater must be smaller than or equal to 10 dBm.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Survey I. Signal source selection
CDMA/WCDMA 1. Ec/Io > –6 dB. 2. RxPwr > –70 dBm. The signal strength ranges from –40 dBm to –60 dBm. The best value is –55 dBm. 3. The Ec/Io of the first pilot is 8 dB higher than that of the second pilot.
GSM Signal strength: The receiving signal strength meets the requirements of the repeater. Traffic: Choose the cell with relatively low traffic as the signal source. Call quality: Lower than level 3. Direction: See through the BTS to ensure a stable signal source.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
Survey (Continued) II. Isolation of Receiving and Transmitting Antennas Common repeater
Ensure that the isolation (I) of receiving and transmitting antennas is at least 15 dB larger than the maximum gain (Gmax), that is, I > Gmax + 15 dB. ICS According to the repeater performance, the antenna isolation can be –15 dB larger than the Gmax.
III. Determine the required coverage area, devices, installation positions of
the antennas, lightning rods, power supply, and grounding.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Installation
Install the repeater indoor and in places of good ventilation. Make sure the places are free of the interference from devices with strong electricity, magnetic field, and corrosion. If the indoor installation is impossible, install the repeater on an outdoor pole or against the wall. In this case, direct exposure to the sunlight must be avoided. The installation place must be convenient for cabling, cable connection, and the subsequent maintenance. The temperature and moisture of the installation place must be no higher than the normal range of the master unit.
Power supply: Stable AC or DC power input must be provided. When the AC power is 220 V, the power input voltage must range from 176 V to 266 V, and the frequency must range from 45 Hz to 55 Hz. For the DC power input, the voltage must range from –48 V to ±5 V. Choose the backup battery as the power input to ensure the system reliability.
Grounding: The ground cable for the master unit must be at least 16 mm2 and the grounding resistance must be smaller than 5 ohms.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 12
Contents
Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes
Survey
Installation
Test
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Test
Test tools
Local test software for the repeater (the version number must match the product type) One laptop and one piece of connection cable One spectrum analyzer One optical power meter and two optical pig tails (at the site of optical fiber repeater) One attenuator of 30 dB and one attenuator of 20 dB Several feeder connectors Two soft jumpers Tool kit One telescope, directional antenna, and GPS (at the site of wireless repeater)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 14
Test (Continued)
Connect and check status
Start up and shut down and set operating band/gain
Test process for the RF repeater Set parameters for the monitoring system
Test receiving signal strength and adjust donor antenna
Detect power
Test signal strength within the coverage area and adjust the antenna coverage
Adjust uplink gain and test call quality
Recheck interference from BTS and check the receiving and transmitting isolation
End
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
Test (Continued)
Test process for the RF repeater
(1) To avoid the large fluctuation of the loss on the radio wave propagation path between the repeater and the donor BTS, both the repeater and the donor BTS must be within the light of sight (LOS). (2) The receiving signal level must range from –50 dBm to –80 dBm for the repeater at the site. (3) Site selection: The repeater site must be between the donor BTS and the coverage hole to ensure that the azimuth between the donor antenna and the service antenna is at least 90º.
BTS
BTS
Repeater
Figure 6 Appropriate site
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Repeater
Figure 7 Inappropriate site
Huawei Confidential
Page 16
Test (Continued)
Test process for the RF repeater (4) Output power test Attenuator Wireless repeater
Spectrum analyzer
(5) If the power within the coverage area cannot meet the requirements, adjust the antennas so that the output power meets the design requirements. (6) The sum of the uplink output noise and the path loss from the repeater to the donor BTS must comply with the repeater specifications.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 17
Run the local test software
Test (Continued) Connect RU and set site
Set online the MU site and network management parameters and the RU No.
Measure the received BTS signal level and check the optical power on the direct coupling MU
Set the uplink gain to the minimum
Test process for the optical fiber
Faulty
repeater
Check the MU state
Check and repair Normal Faulty
Check the RU state
Check and repair Normal
Test whether the downlink output power meets the design requirements
Faulty
Normal Test signal strength and adjust antenna coverage
Fine tune the MU and RU uplink gains to ensure a balance between uplink and downlink
Recheck interference from BTS
End
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
Check and repair
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
(1) Measure the input signal strength of the source cell Testing relevant parameters is a prerequisite to site test. Parameters such as receiving power of the selected cell are obtained from the test. Make sure the signal from the signal source meet the input requirements of the repeater. Test of receiving power: Check that the devices are connected correctly, disconnect the downlink input port of the MU of the optical fiber repeater, and then connect the signal input port of the spectrum analyzer. BTS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
Spectrum analyzer
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
I. Measure the input signal strength of the source cell Note that whether the input signal is strong enough to cause the input saturation of the previous components in the spectrum analyzer or even the damage of the spectrum analyzer. The BTS power output usually ranges from 33 dBm to 43 dBm. The input RF signal power of the MU of the optical fiber repeater ranges from 0 dBm to –10 dBm. Select a proper attenuator based on the coupling degree so that the signal input to the spectrum analyzer meets the requirements.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
II. Test the optical path parameters Procedure: 1. Test the optical transmitting and receiving of the MU. 2. Test the optical transmitting and receiving of the RU. The goal is to check whether the optical path is smooth and check the optical path attenuation. If the optical path is not smooth, choose another optical fiber. If the attenuation of the optical path is too low, it will cause a saturation of the optical module input and affect the demodulation; in this case, attenuators must be added. If the attenuation of the optical path is too high, the input power of the optical module cannot meet the demodulation requirements; in this case, a new optical path must be selected. The input power and output power of the optical module in the optical fiber repeater are as follows: Optical transmitting: 4 dBm to ±1.5 dBm Optical receiving: 0 dBm to –10 dBm The optical path test is performed together with the RF test to reduce the round-trips between the MU and the RU. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
(2) Test the optical path parameters
Connector type for the optical fiber repeater: FC/APC or UPC Ensure that the connector types match the optical pig tail and jumper.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater
(3) Adjust the uplink output noise level of the MU
BTS
Spectrum analyzer
The sum of the uplink output noise level of the repeater MU and the coupling degree of the BTS coupler must comply with the output noise specifications of the repeater. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 23
Thank you www.huawei.com
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