Corazon Aquin Foreign Policy 3o5fj

Corazon Aquino’s Foreign Policy US visit In September 1986, Aquino made her first state visit to the United States. She gave a speech in a t session of the United States Congress with U.S. lawmakers wearing yellow ribbons symbolizing to Aquino.

United States emergency aid Following her speech in the United States Congress in 1986, the U.S. House of Representatives voted, 203 to 197, in favor of $200 million in emergency aid to her fledgling government. The vote, itted Democrat Gerald Kleczka of Wisconsin, amounted to "legislating with our hearts instead of our heads." Indeed, the measure only added to a foreign-aid budget that is already likely to be deeply slashed by the Gramm-Rudman budget-balancing mechanism.

U.S. Bases Extension Treaty On June 15, 1991, Mount Pinatubo, just 20 miles (32 km) from Subic Bay, exploded with a force 8 times greater than the Mount St. Helens eruption. Day turned to night as volcanic ash blotted out the sun. Volcanic earthquakes and heavy rain, lightning and thunder from Typhoon Yunya ing over northern Luzon made Black Saturday a 36-hour nightmare. By the morning of June 16, when the volcano's fury subsided, Subic Bay, once one of the most beautiful and well-maintained Navy bases in the Pacific, lay buried under a foot of rain-soaked, sandy ash. Buildings everywhere collapsed under the weight of the coarse gray ash. Two girls, one a nine-year-old American and the other a Filipino citizen, died when trapped under a falling roof at George Dewey High School. In the city of Olongapo, more than 60 volcano-related deaths were reported, including eight who were crushed when part of Olongapo General Hospital collapsed. That night, the threat of continued eruptions combined with the lack of water and electricity led to the decision to evacuate all dependents. U.S. warships and cargo planes began the emergency evacuation of thousands of Navy and Air Force dependents. Seven Navy ships sailed Monday, June 17, with 6,200 dependents. A total of 17 ships, including the aircraft carriers, USS Abraham Lincoln and USS Midway evacuated all 20,000 dependents over the next few days. The evacuees were taken by ship to Mactan Air Base and then were airlifted by U.S. Air Force C-141 Starlifters to Andersen Air Force Base at Guam. After the dependents were evacuated, an intense clean-up was begun. All hands, American service and Filipino base employees, worked around the clock to restore essential services. Clark Air Base, much closer to Mount Pinatubo, was declared a total loss and plans for a complete closure were started.

Within two weeks NAS Cubi Point was back in limited operation. Soon, most buildings had electricity and water restored. By mid-July service had been restored to most family housing units. The dependents began returning September 8, 1991 and by the end of the month almost all were back at Subic Bay from the United States. Many months before the expiration of the Military Bases Agreement of 1947 intense negotiations between the governments of the United States and the Philippines began. These negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Friendship, Peace and Cooperation between the United States and the Republic of the Philippines. This would have extended the lease of the American bases in the Philippines. On September 13, 1991, the Philippine Senate rejected the ratification of this treaty, citing a number of reasons for the rejection. This was a devastating blow to the Aquino istration, who were strongly pro-treaty and even called for a referendum by the Filipino people; a move that was declared unconstitutional. The American Flag is lowered and Philippine flag is raised during turnover of Naval Station Subic Bay. In December 1991, the two governments were again in talks to extend the withdrawal of American forces for three years but this broke down as the United States refused to detail their withdrawal plans or to answer if nuclear weapons were kept on base. Finally on December 27, President Corazon Aquino, who had previously fought to delay the U.S. pullout to cushion the country's battered economy, issued a formal notice for the U.S. to leave by the end of 1992. Naval Station Subic Bay was the U.S.'s largest overseas defense facility after Clark Air Base was closed. During 1992, tons of material including drydocks and equipment, were shipped to various Naval Stations. Ship-repair and maintenance yards as well as supply depots were relocated to other Asian countries including Japan and Singapore. Finally, on November 24, 1992, the American Flag was lowered in Subic for the last time and the last 1,416 Sailors and Marines at Subic Bay Naval Base left by plane from NAS Cubi Point and by the USS Belleau Wood. This withdrawal marked the first time since the 16th Century that no foreign military forces were present in the Philippines.

Japanese relations President Corazon Aquino vies for the wrongs committed by Japan during World War II. New foreign aid agreements also were concluded during this visit. Aquino returned to Japan in 1989 for Hirohito's funeral and in 1990 for the enthronement of Emperor Akihito. A series of talks of four Prime Ministers from Yasuhiro Nakasone from 1986 to 1987, to Kiichi Miyazawa from 1991 to 1992, the Japanese Government provided economic and trade relations between the two countries, massive inflow of Japanese investors and tourists, rehabilitation and construction of schools, hospitals and roads, and guaranteed justice for Filipino Comfort women after World War II. Also in an official state visit, she and Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita received condolences in the wake of MV Doña Paz tragedy.

Soviet relations Even Aquino meets Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in another state visit in Moscow for the first time in 1987. She and Gorbachev agreed that the Philippines and the Soviet Union established the twonation economic ties and to promote their reforms based on the perestroika and glasnost systems paved their way to democracy, it also includes a Philippine-Soviet friendship. She returned between 1991 and 1992 for the state visit with President Boris Yeltsin since Russia was independent on December 25, 1991.

Chinese and South Korean relations Then in China, a state visit between Aquino and Chinese Premier Deng Xiaoping for the first time in 1988, the two leaders discussed the economic relations between the Philippines and China to receive its economic and trading partnership and a Philippine-Chinese friendship under Xiaoping. Also in the state visit, she visited Hong Jian village as ancestral homes of the Conjuangcos where her grandparents and children were born and raised in this village before they descended into the Philippines. Later went to South Korea between 1986 and 1988, for separate meetings with Presidents Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo in relation to Philippine-South Korean economic, social and cultural ties, she represented in the Asian Games and the Olympics by ing the Filipino athletes in the world of sports. She and Taewoo, also discussed about Unification talks in which South and North Korea will unify to end its hostilities since the Korean War in the 1950s. Aquino's European tour In Europe, the President went to the United Kingdom and meets British Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major from 1987 to 1992, to discuss important talks on economy and social welfare as the Philippines provide economic and financial assistance programs, and strong commercial ties between the two countries. Also in London, she visited Queen Elizabeth II and received a warm welcome for the first time. Similar visits were made by Aquino and she went to other European nations including with President François Mitterrand of , President sco Cossiga of Italy, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West and Prime Minister Felipe González Márquez of Spain from 1986 to 1991. In Spain and Vatican City, Aquino meets King Juan Carlos I of Spain for a special visit in which the country traced back to historical timeline during the Spanish rule for over three centuries and how the country received freedom after its independence and the revolution made the President and the Spanish King a two-nation friendship. Later went to the Vatican and she also received a warm welcome to Pope John Paul II, John Paul II congratulates Aquino for ing millions of Filipinos whose marched at EDSA and to topple the dictator in this Roman Catholic nation. In Europe, the President went to the United Kingdom and meets British Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major from 1987 to 1992, to discuss important talks on economy and social welfare as the Philippines provide economic and financial assistance programs, and strong commercial ties between the two countries. Also in London, she visited Queen Elizabeth II and received a warm welcome for the first time. Similar visits were made by Aquino and she went to other European nations including with President François Mitterrand of , President sco Cossiga of Italy, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West and Prime Minister Felipe González Márquez of Spain from 1986 to 1991. In Spain and Vatican City, Aquino meets King Juan Carlos

I of Spain for a special visit in which the country traced back to historical timeline during the Spanish rule for over three centuries and how the country received freedom after its independence and the revolution made the President and the Spanish King a two-nation friendship. Later went to the Vatican and she also received a warm welcome to Pope John Paul II, John Paul II congratulates Aquino for ing millions of Filipinos whose marched at EDSA and to topple the dictator in this Roman Catholic nation. ASEAN and U.N. relations Aquino made her first state visits in Southeast Asia, she went to Singapore, then to Indonesia in August 1986, for separate meetings with Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and Indonesian President Suharto in order to provide trade and economic ties between the three countries. She also went to Malaysia in November 1987, to discuss territorial disputes in Sabah with Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, and in Thailand and Brunei, for separate meetings with Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda in April 1988, and Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah in August 1988. She and the member leaders of Association of Southeast Asian Nations made meetings in various ASEAN summits from 1986 to 1992. Aquino went to the United Nations assembly in New York in July 1988, made a historic speech during the 45th General Assembly. In her historic speech, Aquino promised to the International Community in expressing democratic freedoms in countries since the Philippines received freedom after the revolution in 1986, and to provide a resolution in the protection for migrant workers and their families. During the July 1988 visit, She met Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar for a special meeting to discuss anti-poverty and anti-insurgency measures in the Philippines.