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Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III

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Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III

Conditional sentences Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second language. Watch out: 1. Which type of conditional sentences is it? 2. Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)? There are three types of conditional sentences. type

condition

I

condition possible to fulfill

II

condition in theory possible to fulfill

III

condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1. Form type

if-clause

main clause

I

Simple Present

will-future or (Modal + infinitive)

II

Simple Past

would + infinitive *

III

Past Perfect

would + have + past participle *

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning) 08-04-2015 23:35

Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III

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type

if clause

main clause

I

If I study,

I will the exam.

II

If I studied,

I would the exam.

III

If I had studied,

I would have ed the exam.

3. Examples (if-clause at the end) type

main clause

if-clause

I

I will the exam

if I study.

II

I would the exam

if I studied.

III

I would have ed the exam

if I had studied.

4. Examples (a irmative and negative sentences) type

Examples long forms

short/contracted forms

+

If I study, I will the exam.

If I study, I'll the exam.

-

If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.

If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

+

If I studied, I would the exam.

If I studied, I'd the exam.

-

If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.

If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.

+

If I had studied, I would have ed the exam.

If I'd studied, I'd have ed the exam.

-

If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.

If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

I

II

III

* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too). I would the exam. I could the exam.

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Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III

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I might the exam. I may the exam. I should the exam. I must the exam. Thanks to Kai.

Explanation Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III – Summary Conditional sentences – type I Conditional sentences – type II Conditional sentences – type III if I were you or if I was you Mixed conditionals Real and unreal conditionals, Modals and position of if-clauses Replacing if – Omitting if – if vs. when – in case vs. if will and would in if-clauses

Exercises Conditional sentences – Complex Test Exercises – Conditional sentences

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GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

Grammar Explanations • Adjectives/Adverbs • Articles Conditional sentences - if • Gerund and Infinitive • Modal Auxiliaries, Modals • Nouns • Participles • ive Voice • Phrasal Verbs • Prepositions • Pronouns • Quantifiers • Questions • Reported Speech • Sentences • Tenses • Various • Verbs • ALL Explanations Grammar Exercises Vocabulary Explanations Vocabulary Exercises

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