Conclusion 4a 4t1xn

Conclusion

In this experiment understand the operating principle of diode clipping and clamping circuit. In positive diode clipping circuit a diode clipper that limits or clips the positive part of the input voltage. As the input voltage goes positive, the diode becomes forwards-biased and conduct current. It is because the cathode is at ground potential ( 0 v ), the anode 0.7v(assuming silicon). So the drop at D1 is limited to +0.7v when the input exceeds this value. Next the negative diode clipping circuit. If the diode is tuned around, the negative part of the input voltage is clipped off. When the diode is forward-biased during the negative part of the input voltage. Voltage drop at D1 is limited at -0.7v. when the input voltage goes above -0.7, the diode is no longer forward-biased and a voltage appears across RL proportional to the input voltage. Being different from clippers, clamping circuit uses a capacitor and a diode connection. During the negative half cycle of the input signal, the diode conducts and acts like a short circuit. The output voltage VO = 0 volts. The capacitor is charged to the peak value input voltage Vm and it behaves like a battery. During the positive half of the positive half of the input signal, the diode does not conduct and acts an open circuit. Hence the output voltage is Vo =Vm+Vm. this givens a positive clamped voltage. Next student also know how to connect the clipping and clamping circuit at project board. Student also understand the waveform change of diode clipping circuit and clamping circuit when the bias is applied. Student know how to calculate the oscilloscope vp-p. The peak-to-peak value of a sine wave is the voltage or current from the positive peak to the negative peak. Where: Vpp=2Vp and Ipp=2Ip. In this experiment know how to using oscilloscope and to get the wave based on question given. Limiter are used to add a DC voltage to an AC voltage.

EXPERINMENT 4 : DIODE APPLICATION – CLIPPER AND CLAMPER (CLO3)

1. AIM To investigate the diodes application in clipping and damping circuits. 2. OBJECTIVES At the end of session the students will be able to:1. Understand the operating principle of diodes clipping and clamping circuit. 2. Construct the clipping and clamping circuit correctly. 3. Understand the waveform change of diode clipping circuit and clamping circuit when the bias is applied. 4. Calculate the oscilloscope 𝑉𝑝 − 𝑝. 3. EQUIPMENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Oscilloscope. Function generator(FG). Multimeter. DC power supply. Project Breadboard. Resistor ok 1K Ohm and 100K Ohm. Diode 1N4001. Capacitor. Connection Wires and coaxial probes.

4.0 PROCEDURERS A-1 Diode Clipper (Positive Clipper)

1. Use IN4001 Si Diode and constructed the circuit shown in Figure 4.2(a) 2. The oscilloscope was ON. 3. ON the function generator, then 8VP-P was setup the source voltage and sinusoidal is 100Hz. 4. Measured and recorded the VS from CH1 and VO from CH2 in table 4.1. 5. In table 4.1 sketched output of CH2 on the respective grids. (Note: input coupling switch of the oscilloscope was set up to DC coupling mode) 6. Function generator was in OFF condition and the DC power supply was insert as shown in figure 4.2(b) 7. DC power supply and the Function Generator was in ON condition and 2V DC voltage was setup. Repeated step 4. 8. DC power supply and function generator was in OFF situations, when finished the experiment.

A-2 Diode Clipper (Negative Clipper)

1. Figure 4..3(a) show the construct circuit using by reversing the diode of the previous circuit 2. The VS from CH1 and VO from CH2 was recorded and measured by using Oscilloscope. 3. Table 4.2 was sketch the output of CH2 on the respective grids (Noted: Set the input coupling and oscilloscope were in OFF situation to the DC coupling mode) 4. The function generator were in OFF condition and DC power supply was insert. 5. The DC power supply and function generator was ON and insert DC voltage to 2V. Then repeated step 2. 6. DC power supply and function generator was switched OFF ,after finished.

B-1 diode clamper (positive clamper)

1. Figure 4.4 show the circuit. 2. Source voltage (vs) was set to 8vp-p, 100Hz, sinusoidal and function generator are in on situation. 3. Record the Vs from CH 1 and Vp from CH 2 and measure using oscilloscope. 4. Table 4.3 was sketch the output CH 2 on the respective grids. (note : set the input coupling and switch off the oscilloscope to the DC coupling mode). 5. Finally function generator are in off situation.

B-2 Diode clamper ( negative clamper )

1. Based on the figure 4.5 constructed the circuit . 2. Function generator was in ON condition and setup 8vp-p to source voltage (vs) and the sinusoidal. 3. Measured and recorded the vs from CH1 and v○ from CH2 by using the oscilloscope. 4. In table 4.3, sketched the output CH2 on the respective grids. (Input coupling switch of the oscilloscope was set up to the DC coupling mode . take note ) 5. Disconnect the circuit and the instrument was in off conditions after finished the experiments .

QUESTION

1. Refer to the output waveform obtained from circuit in Figure 4.2(a) and 4.3(a). Discuss the difference between the two output in of diode biasing. In the figure 4.2(a), clipping of the positive alternation. The diode is forward biased during the positive alternation and reverse biased during the negative alternation. The capacitor charges to the peak of the supply minus the diode drop. In the 4.3(a) in reverse bias the CH 2 get the negative value. It is because the diode in reverse bias. The wave is same just the CH 2 wave is change. The polarity arrangement of the diode determines whether the DC voltage is negative or positive. In 4.3(b). Current will flow when diode is in forward bias.

2. Refer to the output waveform obtained from circuit in Figure 4.2(b) and 4.3 (b). Discuss the difference between the two output in of diodes biasing and the effect of the DC source in the circuit. Based the experiment, there are the difference output waveform obtained from circuit in Figure 4.2(b) and 4.3(b). Based the figure 4.2(b) is a reverse bias circuit that is a open circuit not have current flow. Then, based the figure 4.3(b), are forward bias that is a short circuit have current flow. In figure 4.2(b) limiting of the negative alternating. The diode is forward-biased during the negative alternating and reverse biased during the positive alternating. In figure 4.3(b), is opening of the positive alternating. The diodes is reverse-biased during the positive alternating and forward biased during negative alternating.