Campbell Biology Chap 1 y36n

Chapter 1

• General Biology, Bio 105 • Campbell, 10th Ed.

1

3

4

Core theme of biology: Evolution

7 properties of Life

• s for – adaptation – unity & diversity of Life

5

Growth & differentiation

10 levels of biological organization

6

7

Emergent Properties at each new level or organization

8

9

Structure & Function

Cell: Life’s basic unit

10

11

12

13

2 Major Categories of Cells

Cells: Gene expression, transmission

14

15

Chromosomes, Genes • Human Genome Project – https://www.genome.gov/10001772/all-about-the--human-genome-project-hgp/ – https://www.genome.gov/12011238/an-overview-of-the-human-genome-project/

Haploid , n

• Completed 2003 • # human protein-coding genes? – http://www.thescientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/40441/title/Human-Gene-SetShrinks-Again/

Diploid , 2n

16

17

19

DNA double helix structure

DNA: the genetic material

• Strands • Backbone • Nitrogenous bases – importance of base sequences – Complementary base pairing

18

20

Gene expression • Protein amino acid sequence determines folding (structure) • Structure determines function

Biological systems are subject to homeostatic regulation • Negative FB – reversal of an original condition

• Positive – cascade accentuation of an original condition (more, more, more....) • labor and childbirth • blood clotting • allergic responses

21

Life uses Energy

22

Biological Interactions: ecosystem

23

• Energy cycling in the ecosystem • the Producers – photosynthetic organisms

• the Consumers • the decomposers (recyclers)

Biological interactions: organism

24

Biology

• regulation – Negative FB: reversal or original stimulus – Positive FB: accentuation of original stimulus; e.g.,

• historically, the classification of Life – Taxonomy

• Cascades (blood clotting)

25

Linnean system of classification: binomial nomenclature

Classification system

Carl Linnaeus, 1707-1778

• Latinized names for Genus & species – Homo sapien (human) – Panthera leo (lion)

• NOTE – Genus is capitalized • may be abbreviated

– Species begins with small letter – Latin name is italics if typed or underlined (if handwritten) 26

27

Three Domains of Life

the Probiotics, Pathogens

the Extremophiles

some are photosynthetic 28

29

31

Eukaryotes (4 groups) • Very diverse group – multicellular, unicellular – photosynthetic, nonphotosynthetic

30

32

• photosynthetic multicellular ‘producers’

33

• multicellular decomposers

34

35

Unity across Life’s Diversity • e.g, cilia for movement in

• multicellular Consumers (ingesters)

– Protist – Animal

an ‘animal-like’ Protist, called a (protozoan)

Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection

• Fossils and other evidence document the evolution of life on Earth over billions of years

36

Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species (1859): Theory of Evolution developed to explain both the Unity & Diversity of Lifeforms

37

1. species show “descent with modification” from common ancestors 2. “natural selection” is the mechanism of modification • ‘inheritable units’ (before DNA was known)

38

Darwin’s Galapagos Island Finches • Descent with modification •

39

Archipelago off Ecuador

Inherited traits that favor reproductive success

• Adaptive radiation

40