Bs En 818-5 4t1b2c
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BRITISH STANDARD
Short link chain for lifting purposes Ð Safety Ð Part 5: Chain slings Ð Grade 4
The European Standard EN 818-5:1999 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 53.020.30
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 818-5:1999
BS EN 818-5:1999
National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 818-5:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/1, Chains and fittings, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers to understand the text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. s of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 19 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 1999 BSI 09-1999
ISBN 0 580 32561 X
Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.
Date
Comments
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 818-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 1999
ICS 53.020.30
English version Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 5: Chain slings — Grade 4 Chaînes de levage à maillons courts — Sécurité — Partie 5: Elingues en chaînes — Classe 4
Kurzgliedrige Rundstahlketten für Hebezwecke — Sicherheit — Teil 5: Anschlagketten — Güteklasse 4
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 1999. CEN are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, , , Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national . Ref. No. EN 818-5:1999 E
Page 2 EN 818-5:1999 Contents Page Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 and definitions 4 Hazards 5 Safety requirements 6 Verification of safety requirements 7 Marking 8 Manufacturer’s certificate 9 Information for use Annex A (normative) Alternative method of rating and marking a chain sling for a specific lifting application and not for use in general lifting purposes Annex B (informative) Bases for calculation of working load limits Annex C (informative) Designation system for chain slings — Grade 4 Annex D (informative) Identification tags for chain slings Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EU Directives
3 4 4 4 5 8 9 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 19
© BSI 09-1999
Page 3 EN 818-5:1999
Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168, Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories — Safety, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1999. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and s essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, , , Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The other parts of EN 818 are: Part 1: General conditions of acceptance Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings — Grade 8 Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings — Grade 4 Part 4: Chain slings — Grade 8 Part 6: Chain slings — Specifications for information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer Part 7: Fine tolerance chain for hoists, Grade T (types T, DAT, DT) This is the first edition of this part of EN 818.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 4 EN 818-5:1999 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of complying with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the Scope. In addition, lifting equipment shall conform as appropriate to EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard.
1 Scope This part of EN 818 specifies the requirements related to safety, methods of rating and testing of single-, two-, three-, four-leg and endless chain slings, assembled by welding, using short link grade 4 medium tolerance chain conforming to EN 818-3 together with the appropriate range of components of the same grade in accordance with prEN 1677-5 and -6. These chain slings are intended for lifting objects, materials or goods. NOTE Instructions for use and maintenance of chain slings are covered by prEN 818-6.
The hazards covered by this part of the standard are identified in clause 4. Annex A gives an alternative method of rating and marking a chain sling for a specific lifting application. Annex B contains the bases for calculation of working load limits. Annex C gives an example of a designation system for chain slings. Annex D gives an example of identification tags for chain slings. Annex ZA gives the relationship with EU Directives.
2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 818-1, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 1: General conditions of acceptance. EN 818-3, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings — Grade 4. prEN 818-6, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 6: Chain slings — Specification for information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer. prEN 1677-5, Components for slings — Safety — Part 5: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch — Grade 4. prEN 1677-6, Components for slings — Safety — Part 6: Links — Grade 4. EN ISO 9001:1994, Quality systems — Model for quality assurance in design/development, production, installation and servicing. (ISO 9001:1994) EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 5 EN 818-5:1999 3 and definitions For the purposes of this part of EN 818 the and definitions given in EN 818-1 apply, together with the following. 3.1 chain sling an assembly consisting of chain or chains ed to upper and lower terminals suitable for attaching loads to the hook of a crane or other lifting machine (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.2 nominal size of chain sling the nominal size of short link chain, in millimetres, used in the manufacture of the chain sling 3.3 grade of chain sling for the purpose of designation in accordance with annex C, is the same as the grade of the short link chain used in the manufacture of the chain sling, i.e. 4 3.4 master link a link forming the upper terminal of a chain sling by means of which the chain sling is attached to the hook of a crane or other lifting machine (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.5 length of a chain sling for a finished chain sling, the length from the lower bearing point of the lower terminal to the upper bearing point of the upper terminal (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.6 intermediate master link a link used to connect one or two legs of a chain sling to a master link used during the assembly of a three- or four-leg chain sling (see Figures 3 and 4) 3.7 lower terminal a link, hook or other device fitted at the end of a leg of a chain sling, remote from the master link or upper terminal 3.8 ing link a welded link fitted to the end of a chain to connect it either directly or through an intermediate link to an upper or lower terminal or intermediate master link (see Figures 1 to 4) or in the case of an endless chain sling to the other end of the chain 3.9 intermediate link a welded link used to form a connection between the terminal and the ing link fitted to the chain (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.10 manufacturing proof force (MPF) of a chain sling a force applied, during manufacture, as a test to the whole chain sling or a force applied as a test to a section of a chain sling 3.11 working load limit (WLL) of a chain sling the maximum mass which a chain sling is authorized to sustain in general lifting service
© BSI 09-1999
Page 6 EN 818-5:1999 3.12 competent person designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the necessary instructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carried out NOTE EN ISO 9001:1994, 4.18 gives guidance on training.
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate link (if required) ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 1 — Single-leg chain sling
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Page 7 EN 818-5:1999
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate link (if required) ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 2 — Two-leg chain sling
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate master link ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 3 — Three-leg chain sling
© BSI 09-1999
Page 8 EN 818-5:1999
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate master link ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 4 — Four-leg chain sling
4 Hazards The release of a load due to failure of lifting accessories such as chain slings or their component parts puts at risk either directly or indirectly the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone of lifting equipment. In order to provide the necessary strength and durability of lifting accessories this part of EN 818 lays down requirements for the design, manufacture and testing to ensure that specified levels of performance are met. Fatigue failure has not been identified as a hazard when chain slings having the specified levels of performance given in this part of EN 818 are used in general lifting service. Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of grade and specification of lifting accessories this part of EN 818 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturer's certificate. Errors in fitting together welded chain slings can also lead to premature failure and this European Standard contains dimensional requirements to allow correct fit. Those aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in prEN 818-6. Table 1 contains those hazards which require action to reduce risk identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for chain slings grade 4.
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Page 9 EN 818-5:1999
Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements Hazards identified in EN 1050:1996, annex A
1e)
15
Mechanical hazard due to inadequacy of strength
Errors of fitting hazard
Relevant clause of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, annex A
Relevant clause/sub-clause in this part of EN 818
1.3.2
5
4.1.2.3 4.1.2.5 4.2.4 1.7.3 4.2.4 1.5.4
5 5 6 7 8 5.2
5 Safety requirements 5.1 Components of a chain sling 5.1.1 Chain The chain shall conform to EN 818-3. 5.1.2 Links Master links and intermediate master links shall conform to prEN 1677-6. Lower terminal links shall conform to prEN 1677-6 except for those clauses related to link dimensions. ing links and intermediate links shall conform to prEN 1677-6 except for those clauses related to link dimensions. Lower terminal links, ing links and intermediate links shall satisfy the appropriate requirements of 5.2. 5.1.3 Hooks Forged steel lifting hooks with latch shall conform to prEN 1677-5. 5.2 Design and construction 5.2.1 Assembly of chain slings 5.2.1.1 Pear-shaped links shall not be used as terminals. 5.2.1.2 ing links and intermediate links shall have a working load limit not less than that of the chains to which they are connected in a chain sling. 5.2.1.3 The dimensions of ing links and intermediate links shall be such as to ensure adequate articulation with parts of the chain sling which they connect. 5.2.2 Endless chain slings Endless chain slings shall be manufactured by the use of a welded ing link of the same size or one size larger than the nominal size of the chain.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 10 EN 818-5:1999 5.2.3 Tolerance on length of the chain sling 5.2.3.1 When constructing a chain sling the actual length of each leg shall be the nominal length with a tolerance of
+2 0
chain link pitches.
5.2.3.2 When constructing a multi-leg chain sling, the differences in length between the longest and shortest legs which are nominally the same length shall, when measured under equivalent tension, be not greater than 6 mm for nominal leg lengths up to and including 2 m and not greater than 3 mm/m for nominal leg lengths over 2 m. 5.3 Working load rating 5.3.1 Single-leg chain slings Single-leg chain slings shall be rated at a working load limit in accordance with Table 2. 5.3.2 Multi-leg chain slings Multi-leg chain slings shall be rated for symmetrically distributed loads only and in accordance with Table 2. Each chain sling shall have a single working load limit for the range of angles from 0° up to and including 45° to the vertical or additionally a working load limit for the range of angles from 45° up to and including 60° to the vertical. NOTE 1 An alternative method for rating and marking of chain slings for a specific lifting application is given in annex A. NOTE 2 For rating of chain slings with asymmetrically distributed loads see prEN 818-6.
5.3.3 Endless chain slings Endless chain slings shall be rated for choke-hitch only, and shall be in accordance with Table 2.
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Page 11 EN 818-5:1999
Table 2 — Working load limits Working load limits, t, for
Nominal size of chain sling
Single-leg chain slings
mm
Two-leg chain slings
Three- and four-leg chain slings
0° < β ≤45°
45° < β ≤60°
0° < β ≤45°
45° < β ≤60°
Factor 1,4
Factor 1,0
Factor 2,1
Factor 1,5
7 8 10
0,75 1 1,6
1,06 1,4 2,24
0,75 1 1,6
13 16 18
2,65 4 5
3,75 5,6 7,1
2,65 4 5
19 20 22
5,6 6,3 7,5
8 8,5 10,6
23 25 26
8 10 10,6
28 32 36 40 45
1,6 2,12 3,25
Factor 1,6
1,12 1,5 2,36
1,25 1,6 2,5
5,6 8,5 10,6
4 6 7,5
4,25 6,3 8
5,6 6,3 7,5
11,8 13,2 16
8,5 9,5 11,2
9 10 11,8
11,8 14 15
8 10 10,6
17 20 22,4
12,5 15 16
13,2 16 17
12,5 16 20
17 22,4 28
12,5 16 20
25 33,5 42,5
18 23,6 30
20 25 31,5
25 31,5
35,5 45
25 31,5
53 67
37,5 47,5
40 50
NOTE The convention for marking of chain slings should be to indicate WLLs below 1 tonne in kilograms.
© BSI 09-1999
Endless chain slings in choke hitch
Page 12 EN 818-5:1999 6 Verification of safety requirements 6.1 Qualification of personnel All testing and examination shall be carried out by a competent person. 6.2 Components of a chain sling The verification clauses of EN 818-3, prEN 1677-5 and prEN 1677-6 shall be fulfilled for the chain, hooks and links respectively used in the construction of the chain sling. 6.3 Manufacturing proof force test for the chain sling 6.3.1 General If the whole chain sling is heat treated it shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force(s) and subsequently examined. The manufacturer shall also that all components remain in accordance with the appropriate standards specified in 5.1. If only the inserted links are heat treated they and any parts of the chain sling affected by their processing shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force(s) and subsequently examined, provided that the chain and all other components have been certified as having been subjected to the manufacturing proof force test as specified in: a)
EN 818-1 and EN 818-3 for short link chain of grade 4;
b) prEN 1677-6 for links and prEN 1677-5 for forged steel hooks with latch. 6.3.2 Manufacturing proof force factors Sections of welded chain slings shall be subjected to manufacturing proof forces in kilonewtons, at least equivalent to loads calculated by multiplying the working load limit of the relevant chain size by the factors given in Table 3. Table 3 — Manufacturing proof force factors Section to which manufacturing proof force is applied (see Figure 5)
MPF1 MPF2 MPF3 MPF4
Manufacturing proof force factors
2,0 2,8 3,2 4,2
6.3.3 Post-test examination After completion of the manufacturing proof force test, and the removal of the force, the chain sling shall be examined. Any faulty chain or component shall be replaced, and the chain sling re-tested and re-examined.
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Page 13 EN 818-5:1999
a) Single-leg chain sling
b) Two-leg chain sling
c) Three-leg chain sling
d) Four-leg chain sling
Figure 5 — Sections of chain slings to which manufacturing proof force is applied
7 Marking 7.1 General Each chain sling shall be marked in accordance with this clause. The information specified in 7.2 and 7.3 shall be either: a)
marked on a metal tag as shown in the example given in annex D, permanently attached to the master link or to a link immediately adjacent to it; or
b) marked on the master link, provided that the mechanical properties of the master link are not impaired. 7.2 Single-leg chain slings The following information shall be marked: a)
the working load limit in tonnes or kilograms (see Table 2) (units to be included: t or kg);
b) the individual identification mark (related to the manufacturer’s certificate); c)
the grade of the chain sling, i.e. “4”;
d) the chain sling manufacturer’s name or symbol; e)
the number of legs, i.e. “1”
NOTE The nominal size may also be marked.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 14 EN 818-5:1999 7.3 Multi-leg chain slings rated for a range of angles from 0° to 45° to the vertical The following information shall be marked: a)
the working load limit and the range of angles EXAMPLE 16 t 0° to 45°;
b) the individual identification mark (related to the manufacturer’s certificate); c)
the grade of the chain sling, i.e. “4”;
d) the chain sling manufacturer’s name or symbol; e)
the number of legs.
NOTE 1 The tag or a separate additional tag attached in a similar manner may be marked with the working load limit applicable for use at 45° to 60° to the vertical. EXAMPLE 11,2 t 45° to 60°. NOTE 2 The nominal size may also be marked.
8 Manufacturer’s certificate Each assembled chain sling shall be provided with a dated certificate stating conformity to this part of EN 818 and giving at least the following information: a)
the name of the chain sling manufacturer including date of issue of the certificate and authentication;
b) number of this part of EN 818, i.e. EN 818-5; c)
the identification number or symbol of the chain sling;
d) a description of the chain sling; e)
the nominal size of the chain sling and grade mark “4”;
f)
the nominal length;
g) the working load limit (WLL) related to the angle β; h) the manufacturing proof force or proof forces applied; i)
the name of the person or establishment which carried out the manufacturing proof force test and final examination.
9 Information for use Information for use shall accompany the chain sling and shall be in accordance with the relevant clauses of prEN 818-6.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 15 EN 818-5:1999 Annex A (normative) Alternative method of rating and marking a chain sling for a specific lifting application and not for use in general lifting purposes A.1 General The rating of a chain sling used for a specific application is given in A.2 and may be used as an alternative to the method of rating given in 5.3. The chain sling shall be rated at a working load limit according to the particular angle of the legs to the vertical at which the chain sling is to be used. The manufacturer shall ensure that the master link selected possesses mechanical properties appropriate to the application. A.2 Alternative method of rating A.2.1 Two-leg chain slings For two-leg chain slings used at an angle β to the vertical, the working load limit (WLL), in tonnes, shall be as given by the following formula: WLL = 2 × WLL for a single leg × cos β. A.2.2 Three-leg chain slings For three-leg chain slings used at an angle β of any leg to the vertical, the working load limit (WLL), in tonnes, shall be as given by the following formula: WLL = 3 × WLL for a single leg × cos β. A.2.3 Four-leg chain slings For four-leg chain slings used at an angle β of any leg to the vertical, the working load limit (WLL), in tonnes, shall be as given by the following formula: WLL = 4 × WLL of a single leg × cos β NOTE This assumes that there is an equal distribution of the load between each leg.
A.3 Manufacturing proof force Where the alternative method of rating is adopted, welded chain slings with accessories shall be subjected to a manufacturing proof force test generally in accordance with 6.3 except that the manufacturing proof force factors shall be as given in Table A.1. Table A.1 — Manufacturing proof force factors for the alternative method of rating Section to which manufacturing proof force is applied (see Figure 5)
MPF1 MPF2 MPF3 MPF4 — 3 leg MPF4 — 4 leg
© BSI 09-1999
Manufacturing proof force factors
2 4 4 6 8
Page 16 EN 818-5:1999 A.4 Marking of chain slings rated by the alternative method of rating A.4.1 General The information specified in A.4.2 shall be either: a)
marked on a metal tag permanently attached to the master link or to a link immediately adjacent to it; or
b) marked on the master link provided that the mechanical properties of the link master are not impaired. A.4.2 Multi-leg chain slings rated by the alternative method The following information shall be marked: a)
the working load limit and the angle at which rated; EXAMPLE 16 t 27°;
b) the individual identification mark (related to the manufacturer’s certificate); c)
the manufacturer’s name or symbol;
d) the grade of the chain sling, i.e. “4”; e)
the number of legs.
NOTE The nominal size may also be marked.
Annex B (informative) Bases for calculation of working load limits B.1 Calculated values of working load limit (WLL) for single-leg chain slings The values of working load limit are based on the full calculated WLL values determined using the following formula:
WLL =
2 ×¼ × p ×100 × d n 2 g ×1 000
WLL = 0,016 017 7dn2 where: WLL g dn
is the working load limit in tonnes; is the acceleration due to gravity (9,806 65 m/s2); is the nominal size of the chain sling.
The values given in Table 2 for single-leg chain slings are from the R40 series of preferred numbers and represent the nearest lower R40 value relative to the full calculated value of WLL. B.2 Calculated values of working load limits (WLL) for multi-leg chain slings The values of WLL for multi-leg chain slings are derived from the full calculated values for single-leg chain slings, multiplied by the appropriate factors given in Table 2 and the R40 preferred number being the next lowest number to that of the product, e.g. for the 22 mm nominal size the calculated WLL = 7,752 × 1,4 = 10,85. The next lowest R40 number is 10,6.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 17 EN 818-5:1999 Annex C (informative) Designation system for chain slings — Grade 4 General format EN 818-5
-4-
10x30
H
2
W
2500
EN and part number block Grade of chain sling Size of chain sling Lower terminals Hook - H Link -L Special - S Number of legs Welded construction Length of a leg in mm
Annex D (informative) Identification tags for chain slings D.1 General For the purpose of identification of chain slings, where used, tags shall have the information for marking given in 7.2 legibly and permanently embossed or stamped. Lower terminals of chain slings should not be marked with the working load limit.
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Page 18 EN 818-5:1999 D.2 Tags for chain slings In the case of tags for chain slings the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the tag should be approximately 70 mm and the examples are given in Figures D.1 and D.2.
1 2 3 4
Number of chain legs Code number denoting size of chain, in mm Manufacturer’s name or symbol Individual identification mark
Figure D.1 — Tags for single-leg chain slings
Front side (rear side left blank)
Front side Rear side (if the particulars are displayed on both sides)
1 Number of chain legs 2 Code number denoting size of chain, in mm
Figure D.2 — Tags for multi-leg chain slings
© BSI 09-1999
Page 19 EN 818-5:1999 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EU Directives This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and s the essential requirements of EU Directives: Machinery Directive 89/392/EEC; its amendments 91/368/EEC and 93/44/EEC. Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential requirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA Regulations. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.
© BSI 09-1999
BS EN 818-5:1999
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Short link chain for lifting purposes Ð Safety Ð Part 5: Chain slings Ð Grade 4
The European Standard EN 818-5:1999 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 53.020.30
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 818-5:1999
BS EN 818-5:1999
National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 818-5:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/1, Chains and fittings, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers to understand the text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. s of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 19 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 1999 BSI 09-1999
ISBN 0 580 32561 X
Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.
Date
Comments
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 818-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 1999
ICS 53.020.30
English version Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 5: Chain slings — Grade 4 Chaînes de levage à maillons courts — Sécurité — Partie 5: Elingues en chaînes — Classe 4
Kurzgliedrige Rundstahlketten für Hebezwecke — Sicherheit — Teil 5: Anschlagketten — Güteklasse 4
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 1999. CEN are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, , , Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national . Ref. No. EN 818-5:1999 E
Page 2 EN 818-5:1999 Contents Page Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 and definitions 4 Hazards 5 Safety requirements 6 Verification of safety requirements 7 Marking 8 Manufacturer’s certificate 9 Information for use Annex A (normative) Alternative method of rating and marking a chain sling for a specific lifting application and not for use in general lifting purposes Annex B (informative) Bases for calculation of working load limits Annex C (informative) Designation system for chain slings — Grade 4 Annex D (informative) Identification tags for chain slings Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EU Directives
3 4 4 4 5 8 9 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 19
© BSI 09-1999
Page 3 EN 818-5:1999
Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168, Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories — Safety, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1999. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and s essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, , , Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The other parts of EN 818 are: Part 1: General conditions of acceptance Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings — Grade 8 Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings — Grade 4 Part 4: Chain slings — Grade 8 Part 6: Chain slings — Specifications for information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer Part 7: Fine tolerance chain for hoists, Grade T (types T, DAT, DT) This is the first edition of this part of EN 818.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 4 EN 818-5:1999 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of complying with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the Scope. In addition, lifting equipment shall conform as appropriate to EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard.
1 Scope This part of EN 818 specifies the requirements related to safety, methods of rating and testing of single-, two-, three-, four-leg and endless chain slings, assembled by welding, using short link grade 4 medium tolerance chain conforming to EN 818-3 together with the appropriate range of components of the same grade in accordance with prEN 1677-5 and -6. These chain slings are intended for lifting objects, materials or goods. NOTE Instructions for use and maintenance of chain slings are covered by prEN 818-6.
The hazards covered by this part of the standard are identified in clause 4. Annex A gives an alternative method of rating and marking a chain sling for a specific lifting application. Annex B contains the bases for calculation of working load limits. Annex C gives an example of a designation system for chain slings. Annex D gives an example of identification tags for chain slings. Annex ZA gives the relationship with EU Directives.
2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 818-1, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 1: General conditions of acceptance. EN 818-3, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings — Grade 4. prEN 818-6, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 6: Chain slings — Specification for information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer. prEN 1677-5, Components for slings — Safety — Part 5: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch — Grade 4. prEN 1677-6, Components for slings — Safety — Part 6: Links — Grade 4. EN ISO 9001:1994, Quality systems — Model for quality assurance in design/development, production, installation and servicing. (ISO 9001:1994) EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 5 EN 818-5:1999 3 and definitions For the purposes of this part of EN 818 the and definitions given in EN 818-1 apply, together with the following. 3.1 chain sling an assembly consisting of chain or chains ed to upper and lower terminals suitable for attaching loads to the hook of a crane or other lifting machine (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.2 nominal size of chain sling the nominal size of short link chain, in millimetres, used in the manufacture of the chain sling 3.3 grade of chain sling for the purpose of designation in accordance with annex C, is the same as the grade of the short link chain used in the manufacture of the chain sling, i.e. 4 3.4 master link a link forming the upper terminal of a chain sling by means of which the chain sling is attached to the hook of a crane or other lifting machine (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.5 length of a chain sling for a finished chain sling, the length from the lower bearing point of the lower terminal to the upper bearing point of the upper terminal (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.6 intermediate master link a link used to connect one or two legs of a chain sling to a master link used during the assembly of a three- or four-leg chain sling (see Figures 3 and 4) 3.7 lower terminal a link, hook or other device fitted at the end of a leg of a chain sling, remote from the master link or upper terminal 3.8 ing link a welded link fitted to the end of a chain to connect it either directly or through an intermediate link to an upper or lower terminal or intermediate master link (see Figures 1 to 4) or in the case of an endless chain sling to the other end of the chain 3.9 intermediate link a welded link used to form a connection between the terminal and the ing link fitted to the chain (see Figures 1 to 4) 3.10 manufacturing proof force (MPF) of a chain sling a force applied, during manufacture, as a test to the whole chain sling or a force applied as a test to a section of a chain sling 3.11 working load limit (WLL) of a chain sling the maximum mass which a chain sling is authorized to sustain in general lifting service
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Page 6 EN 818-5:1999 3.12 competent person designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the necessary instructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carried out NOTE EN ISO 9001:1994, 4.18 gives guidance on training.
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate link (if required) ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 1 — Single-leg chain sling
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Page 7 EN 818-5:1999
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate link (if required) ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 2 — Two-leg chain sling
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate master link ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 3 — Three-leg chain sling
© BSI 09-1999
Page 8 EN 818-5:1999
1 2 3 4
Master link Intermediate master link ing link Chain
5 ing link 6 Intermediate link (if required) 7 Hook or other lower terminal
NOTE L = length of chain sling.
Figure 4 — Four-leg chain sling
4 Hazards The release of a load due to failure of lifting accessories such as chain slings or their component parts puts at risk either directly or indirectly the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone of lifting equipment. In order to provide the necessary strength and durability of lifting accessories this part of EN 818 lays down requirements for the design, manufacture and testing to ensure that specified levels of performance are met. Fatigue failure has not been identified as a hazard when chain slings having the specified levels of performance given in this part of EN 818 are used in general lifting service. Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of grade and specification of lifting accessories this part of EN 818 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturer's certificate. Errors in fitting together welded chain slings can also lead to premature failure and this European Standard contains dimensional requirements to allow correct fit. Those aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in prEN 818-6. Table 1 contains those hazards which require action to reduce risk identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for chain slings grade 4.
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Page 9 EN 818-5:1999
Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements Hazards identified in EN 1050:1996, annex A
1e)
15
Mechanical hazard due to inadequacy of strength
Errors of fitting hazard
Relevant clause of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, annex A
Relevant clause/sub-clause in this part of EN 818
1.3.2
5
4.1.2.3 4.1.2.5 4.2.4 1.7.3 4.2.4 1.5.4
5 5 6 7 8 5.2
5 Safety requirements 5.1 Components of a chain sling 5.1.1 Chain The chain shall conform to EN 818-3. 5.1.2 Links Master links and intermediate master links shall conform to prEN 1677-6. Lower terminal links shall conform to prEN 1677-6 except for those clauses related to link dimensions. ing links and intermediate links shall conform to prEN 1677-6 except for those clauses related to link dimensions. Lower terminal links, ing links and intermediate links shall satisfy the appropriate requirements of 5.2. 5.1.3 Hooks Forged steel lifting hooks with latch shall conform to prEN 1677-5. 5.2 Design and construction 5.2.1 Assembly of chain slings 5.2.1.1 Pear-shaped links shall not be used as terminals. 5.2.1.2 ing links and intermediate links shall have a working load limit not less than that of the chains to which they are connected in a chain sling. 5.2.1.3 The dimensions of ing links and intermediate links shall be such as to ensure adequate articulation with parts of the chain sling which they connect. 5.2.2 Endless chain slings Endless chain slings shall be manufactured by the use of a welded ing link of the same size or one size larger than the nominal size of the chain.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 10 EN 818-5:1999 5.2.3 Tolerance on length of the chain sling 5.2.3.1 When constructing a chain sling the actual length of each leg shall be the nominal length with a tolerance of
+2 0
chain link pitches.
5.2.3.2 When constructing a multi-leg chain sling, the differences in length between the longest and shortest legs which are nominally the same length shall, when measured under equivalent tension, be not greater than 6 mm for nominal leg lengths up to and including 2 m and not greater than 3 mm/m for nominal leg lengths over 2 m. 5.3 Working load rating 5.3.1 Single-leg chain slings Single-leg chain slings shall be rated at a working load limit in accordance with Table 2. 5.3.2 Multi-leg chain slings Multi-leg chain slings shall be rated for symmetrically distributed loads only and in accordance with Table 2. Each chain sling shall have a single working load limit for the range of angles from 0° up to and including 45° to the vertical or additionally a working load limit for the range of angles from 45° up to and including 60° to the vertical. NOTE 1 An alternative method for rating and marking of chain slings for a specific lifting application is given in annex A. NOTE 2 For rating of chain slings with asymmetrically distributed loads see prEN 818-6.
5.3.3 Endless chain slings Endless chain slings shall be rated for choke-hitch only, and shall be in accordance with Table 2.
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Page 11 EN 818-5:1999
Table 2 — Working load limits Working load limits, t, for
Nominal size of chain sling
Single-leg chain slings
mm
Two-leg chain slings
Three- and four-leg chain slings
0° < β ≤45°
45° < β ≤60°
0° < β ≤45°
45° < β ≤60°
Factor 1,4
Factor 1,0
Factor 2,1
Factor 1,5
7 8 10
0,75 1 1,6
1,06 1,4 2,24
0,75 1 1,6
13 16 18
2,65 4 5
3,75 5,6 7,1
2,65 4 5
19 20 22
5,6 6,3 7,5
8 8,5 10,6
23 25 26
8 10 10,6
28 32 36 40 45
1,6 2,12 3,25
Factor 1,6
1,12 1,5 2,36
1,25 1,6 2,5
5,6 8,5 10,6
4 6 7,5
4,25 6,3 8
5,6 6,3 7,5
11,8 13,2 16
8,5 9,5 11,2
9 10 11,8
11,8 14 15
8 10 10,6
17 20 22,4
12,5 15 16
13,2 16 17
12,5 16 20
17 22,4 28
12,5 16 20
25 33,5 42,5
18 23,6 30
20 25 31,5
25 31,5
35,5 45
25 31,5
53 67
37,5 47,5
40 50
NOTE The convention for marking of chain slings should be to indicate WLLs below 1 tonne in kilograms.
© BSI 09-1999
Endless chain slings in choke hitch
Page 12 EN 818-5:1999 6 Verification of safety requirements 6.1 Qualification of personnel All testing and examination shall be carried out by a competent person. 6.2 Components of a chain sling The verification clauses of EN 818-3, prEN 1677-5 and prEN 1677-6 shall be fulfilled for the chain, hooks and links respectively used in the construction of the chain sling. 6.3 Manufacturing proof force test for the chain sling 6.3.1 General If the whole chain sling is heat treated it shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force(s) and subsequently examined. The manufacturer shall also that all components remain in accordance with the appropriate standards specified in 5.1. If only the inserted links are heat treated they and any parts of the chain sling affected by their processing shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force(s) and subsequently examined, provided that the chain and all other components have been certified as having been subjected to the manufacturing proof force test as specified in: a)
EN 818-1 and EN 818-3 for short link chain of grade 4;
b) prEN 1677-6 for links and prEN 1677-5 for forged steel hooks with latch. 6.3.2 Manufacturing proof force factors Sections of welded chain slings shall be subjected to manufacturing proof forces in kilonewtons, at least equivalent to loads calculated by multiplying the working load limit of the relevant chain size by the factors given in Table 3. Table 3 — Manufacturing proof force factors Section to which manufacturing proof force is applied (see Figure 5)
MPF1 MPF2 MPF3 MPF4
Manufacturing proof force factors
2,0 2,8 3,2 4,2
6.3.3 Post-test examination After completion of the manufacturing proof force test, and the removal of the force, the chain sling shall be examined. Any faulty chain or component shall be replaced, and the chain sling re-tested and re-examined.
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Page 13 EN 818-5:1999
a) Single-leg chain sling
b) Two-leg chain sling
c) Three-leg chain sling
d) Four-leg chain sling
Figure 5 — Sections of chain slings to which manufacturing proof force is applied
7 Marking 7.1 General Each chain sling shall be marked in accordance with this clause. The information specified in 7.2 and 7.3 shall be either: a)
marked on a metal tag as shown in the example given in annex D, permanently attached to the master link or to a link immediately adjacent to it; or
b) marked on the master link, provided that the mechanical properties of the master link are not impaired. 7.2 Single-leg chain slings The following information shall be marked: a)
the working load limit in tonnes or kilograms (see Table 2) (units to be included: t or kg);
b) the individual identification mark (related to the manufacturer’s certificate); c)
the grade of the chain sling, i.e. “4”;
d) the chain sling manufacturer’s name or symbol; e)
the number of legs, i.e. “1”
NOTE The nominal size may also be marked.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 14 EN 818-5:1999 7.3 Multi-leg chain slings rated for a range of angles from 0° to 45° to the vertical The following information shall be marked: a)
the working load limit and the range of angles EXAMPLE 16 t 0° to 45°;
b) the individual identification mark (related to the manufacturer’s certificate); c)
the grade of the chain sling, i.e. “4”;
d) the chain sling manufacturer’s name or symbol; e)
the number of legs.
NOTE 1 The tag or a separate additional tag attached in a similar manner may be marked with the working load limit applicable for use at 45° to 60° to the vertical. EXAMPLE 11,2 t 45° to 60°. NOTE 2 The nominal size may also be marked.
8 Manufacturer’s certificate Each assembled chain sling shall be provided with a dated certificate stating conformity to this part of EN 818 and giving at least the following information: a)
the name of the chain sling manufacturer including date of issue of the certificate and authentication;
b) number of this part of EN 818, i.e. EN 818-5; c)
the identification number or symbol of the chain sling;
d) a description of the chain sling; e)
the nominal size of the chain sling and grade mark “4”;
f)
the nominal length;
g) the working load limit (WLL) related to the angle β; h) the manufacturing proof force or proof forces applied; i)
the name of the person or establishment which carried out the manufacturing proof force test and final examination.
9 Information for use Information for use shall accompany the chain sling and shall be in accordance with the relevant clauses of prEN 818-6.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 15 EN 818-5:1999 Annex A (normative) Alternative method of rating and marking a chain sling for a specific lifting application and not for use in general lifting purposes A.1 General The rating of a chain sling used for a specific application is given in A.2 and may be used as an alternative to the method of rating given in 5.3. The chain sling shall be rated at a working load limit according to the particular angle of the legs to the vertical at which the chain sling is to be used. The manufacturer shall ensure that the master link selected possesses mechanical properties appropriate to the application. A.2 Alternative method of rating A.2.1 Two-leg chain slings For two-leg chain slings used at an angle β to the vertical, the working load limit (WLL), in tonnes, shall be as given by the following formula: WLL = 2 × WLL for a single leg × cos β. A.2.2 Three-leg chain slings For three-leg chain slings used at an angle β of any leg to the vertical, the working load limit (WLL), in tonnes, shall be as given by the following formula: WLL = 3 × WLL for a single leg × cos β. A.2.3 Four-leg chain slings For four-leg chain slings used at an angle β of any leg to the vertical, the working load limit (WLL), in tonnes, shall be as given by the following formula: WLL = 4 × WLL of a single leg × cos β NOTE This assumes that there is an equal distribution of the load between each leg.
A.3 Manufacturing proof force Where the alternative method of rating is adopted, welded chain slings with accessories shall be subjected to a manufacturing proof force test generally in accordance with 6.3 except that the manufacturing proof force factors shall be as given in Table A.1. Table A.1 — Manufacturing proof force factors for the alternative method of rating Section to which manufacturing proof force is applied (see Figure 5)
MPF1 MPF2 MPF3 MPF4 — 3 leg MPF4 — 4 leg
© BSI 09-1999
Manufacturing proof force factors
2 4 4 6 8
Page 16 EN 818-5:1999 A.4 Marking of chain slings rated by the alternative method of rating A.4.1 General The information specified in A.4.2 shall be either: a)
marked on a metal tag permanently attached to the master link or to a link immediately adjacent to it; or
b) marked on the master link provided that the mechanical properties of the link master are not impaired. A.4.2 Multi-leg chain slings rated by the alternative method The following information shall be marked: a)
the working load limit and the angle at which rated; EXAMPLE 16 t 27°;
b) the individual identification mark (related to the manufacturer’s certificate); c)
the manufacturer’s name or symbol;
d) the grade of the chain sling, i.e. “4”; e)
the number of legs.
NOTE The nominal size may also be marked.
Annex B (informative) Bases for calculation of working load limits B.1 Calculated values of working load limit (WLL) for single-leg chain slings The values of working load limit are based on the full calculated WLL values determined using the following formula:
WLL =
2 ×¼ × p ×100 × d n 2 g ×1 000
WLL = 0,016 017 7dn2 where: WLL g dn
is the working load limit in tonnes; is the acceleration due to gravity (9,806 65 m/s2); is the nominal size of the chain sling.
The values given in Table 2 for single-leg chain slings are from the R40 series of preferred numbers and represent the nearest lower R40 value relative to the full calculated value of WLL. B.2 Calculated values of working load limits (WLL) for multi-leg chain slings The values of WLL for multi-leg chain slings are derived from the full calculated values for single-leg chain slings, multiplied by the appropriate factors given in Table 2 and the R40 preferred number being the next lowest number to that of the product, e.g. for the 22 mm nominal size the calculated WLL = 7,752 × 1,4 = 10,85. The next lowest R40 number is 10,6.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 17 EN 818-5:1999 Annex C (informative) Designation system for chain slings — Grade 4 General format EN 818-5
-4-
10x30
H
2
W
2500
EN and part number block Grade of chain sling Size of chain sling Lower terminals Hook - H Link -L Special - S Number of legs Welded construction Length of a leg in mm
Annex D (informative) Identification tags for chain slings D.1 General For the purpose of identification of chain slings, where used, tags shall have the information for marking given in 7.2 legibly and permanently embossed or stamped. Lower terminals of chain slings should not be marked with the working load limit.
© BSI 09-1999
Page 18 EN 818-5:1999 D.2 Tags for chain slings In the case of tags for chain slings the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the tag should be approximately 70 mm and the examples are given in Figures D.1 and D.2.
1 2 3 4
Number of chain legs Code number denoting size of chain, in mm Manufacturer’s name or symbol Individual identification mark
Figure D.1 — Tags for single-leg chain slings
Front side (rear side left blank)
Front side Rear side (if the particulars are displayed on both sides)
1 Number of chain legs 2 Code number denoting size of chain, in mm
Figure D.2 — Tags for multi-leg chain slings
© BSI 09-1999
Page 19 EN 818-5:1999 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EU Directives This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and s the essential requirements of EU Directives: Machinery Directive 89/392/EEC; its amendments 91/368/EEC and 93/44/EEC. Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential requirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA Regulations. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.
© BSI 09-1999
BS EN 818-5:1999
BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL
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