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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

The Prostate Pyramidal shaped, fibromuscular, and glandural organ. Walnut-sized gland, ±3cm long. Located anterior to the rectum, distal to the urinary bladder.

Zones of Prostate

Definition and Epidemiology Benign prostatic hypertrophy or hyperplasia (BPH) is a histologic diagnosis characterized by proliferation of the cellular elements of the prostate.

Incidence >50% in men between 60-90 y.o ±30 million men worldwide have symptoms related to BPH.

Pathophysiology Development of microscopic stromal nodules around periurethral glandsglandular hyperplasiagland increases in size and compresses the urethraurinary obstruction. Uncertain aetiologymultifactorial, hormonal (?).

Investigation Physical Examination Bladder distension Sensory and motor deficits Rectal toucher : gland size

Urinalysis, urine culture Prostate spesific antigen Electrolytes, BUN, and creatinine Ultrasonography, transrectal ultrasonography

Uroflowmetry

Management Non-surgical treatment α-adrenergic blockers Antiandrogens acting selectively at prostatic cellular lebel Intermittent self-catheterization Balloon dilatation and stenting of prostate

Surgical treatment Prostatectomy TURP

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