Annotated Bibliography 5g1j6z

Zainab Aro-Lambo ENC 2135 7/15/15 Annotated Bibliography Kristiansen, Elsa, Trygve B. Broch, and Paul M. Pedersen. "Negotiating Gender in Professional Soccer: An Analysis of Female Footballers in the United States." Choregia 10.1 (2014): 5-27. Web. The thesis of this research paper is explains how research was done on the experiences of professional female soccer players in the US and how gender influenced their everyday lifestyle on the field. Some of the major points include how in America, sports are typically a male sport and therefore the media spends more time devoted to them. However since the rise of female soccer in the 1999 world cup, more and more people have started to pay attention in the United States. In this source, the author uses other sources to help define key such as soccer, as well as give a history behind it when it comes to the United States. The audience of this source, in my opinion, is gender theorists who are interested in the role gender plays in sports, specifically soccer. The overall purpose of this source is to explain how gender works in soccer and specifically gives an insight to the female aspect of it. When it comes to the argument presented in this research, I agree with the fact that there is a gender difference in sports and it affects the popularity of women soccer in the United States. In the paper, the author mentions that power, production, emotional, and symbolic relations plays a role in the gender differences that occur in the sport. I agree with this because it is all about who watches the sport and how they it, and in America, they do not do a very good job of that. This further emphasizes how women soccer in the US is not as popular in the US, and even around the world. Even though this is my first source, I think this research will connect to the other sources in the way of how it mentions that female soccer has failed several times in the US as opposed to the male leagues. Also, I think a common theme among other sources will be how the popularity of female soccer is slowly but surely growing due to the fact that they just won the world cup. Lastly, I think a common theme will be how the female sport is sexualized when it comes to the media to promote the sport. This occurs with magazine covers and commercials around the world.

Elling, Agnes, and Annelies Knoppers. "Sport, Gender and Ethnicity: Practises of Symbolic Inclusion/Exclusion." Journal of Youth & Adolescence 34.3 (2005): 25768. Print. The thesis of this paper explains that gender differences in sports do occur on both sides with females participating in predominantly male sports such as soccer and boxing and males participating in predominantly female sports such as synchronized swimming and figure skating. The major points of this paper explains how it is harder for men to go into female dominated sports because of the fear of being labeled a “sissy”. The paper also suggests that ethnicity matters when it comes to certain sports. Lastly, this paper uses other scholars to explain certain definitions like the others. For example, it cites an author on the definition of adolescence and what teenagers go through during this period with the audience being other gender and maybe even ethnicity scholars. The purpose of this paper is to explain symbolic inclusion and exclusion in sports. When it comes to this articles argument about gender and ethnicity, I definitely agree because the hegemony in our society is very real and can therefore hinder ones opportunity when it comes to sports. I also agree with the article when it says that there are definitely there is gender inequality and is shown mostly in sports when it comes to play and popularity. One thing I found interesting was that when people identify with sports teams and such, they usually identify with their hegemonic or marginal norms and values. The connection between this source and my previous source explains how there are gender differences in sports when it comes to masculinity and such. Also they both discuss how the pay is significantly different between elite male and female soccer players even though it is the same game. This then goes back to gender inequality as a whole in American society and how males get paid more than females even when they have the same jobs.

Caudwell, Jayne. "Gender, Feminism and Football Studies." Soccer & Society 12.3 (2011): 330-44. Web. The thesis of this paper is to explain the gender inequality specifically for women in the country of Britain. The major points include how the media plays a big role in how they are portrayed and what is said about them. This also explains how far women have come in Britain with soccer because of what people have stood for when it came to them. When it comes to citing sources, the author used to others when she was explaining other incidents as well as defining certain . The audience of this piece maybe to women that play soccer in general or even women in Britain that play soccer. The purpose of this article is to explain what goes on with gender differences in soccer and how it needs to be changed in order to have equality for, and not just in Britain. I agree with the argument in the article that explains that women are degraded when it comes to the way the play soccer and who watches. From personal experience, I know that other males who play the game because they feel as though the women aren’t capable and treat the females like dirt. This then creates, as the article said, gender misconception and limits the abilities of women playing the game. The connections made between the three sources are very similar as well as relevant in my paper. All sources agree that there is gender inequality around the world when it comes to playing soccer and even sports in general. The last two articles agree that it was socialization that made it this way. Because of the way our culture is, it has made it difficult for females to be successful in anything they do, without being compared to men and therefore causing gender inequality.