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ШШШШ8ШШШШ&
AN ENGLISH AND AEAMC MCTIONAKY.
PAET THE FIRST.
З^гаЬц
and
C^itjgXtsh.
AN
ENGLISH AND ARABIC
DICTIONARY, Jn 3Êujff sparts, ARABIC AND ENGLISH. AN и
ENGLISH AND ARABIC, IN WHICH THE ARABIC WORDS ARE REPRESENTED IN THE ORIENTAL CHARACTER, AS WELL AS THEIR CORRECT PRONUNCIATION AND ACCENTUATION SHEWN IN ENGLISH LETTERS,
JOSEPH CATAFAGO, л Or ALEPPO, IN SYRIA;
SECRETARY TO SOLIМАК PASHA (MAJOR-GENERAL OP THE EGYPTIAN ARMY IN BYHIa), 1839-1840 J PiaPT INTERPRETER AND CHANCELLOR OP THE GENERAL CONSULATE OF PRUSSIA AT BEIRUT, 1842-1851 ; ВЕС RET AH Y OF THE GENERAL CONSULATE OF RUMIA AT BEIRUT, 1851-1853; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETIES OF PARIS AND LKIPSIC, AND OF THE SYRO-EOYPTIAN SOCIETY OF LONDON; TRANSLATOR OF THE "CATECHISM OF THE ANSARIS," PRESENTED TO H.H. THE KINO OF PRUSSIA IN 1845), AND OF OTHER ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS, ETC. ETC.
LONDON: BERNARD QUAR1TCH, OEIENTAL AND PHILOLOGICAL BOOKSELLEB, 16, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SO.UARE.
1858.
là
188215
PK1NTHR. HXRTVOKD.
I
PREFACE.
In preparing the first part of this work, my intention has been to compile a compact Arabic Dictionary, not only adapted to the wants of English travellers and young student«, but also for the use of my own countrymen, who have hitherto had nothing of the kind. With this object in view, I have only selected those words which are in actual use, whether in con versation or in diplomatic and commercial correspondence. I have even selected some foreign words which are used in our language. Indeed, I have attached more importance and paid more attention to the practice, than to the theories and long precepts, of our grammarians ; and I hope that, with the aid of this little Dictionary, any one will be able to render Arabic works, and especially all kinds of official and commercial cor respondence into English. I trust that, small as it is, this book will be useful to travellers, consuls, commercial men, and young students, on of its compact size, the careful selection of all the words in ordinary use, and their correct pronunciation. Other Dictionaries do not give the common pronunciation, but that adopted by the learned, which is wholly unintelligible to the great body of the people.
VI
PREFACE.
For any inaccuracies which have escaped my attention, I beg the kind indulgence of my readers. I earnestly hope that this work may be useful to the English who cultivate Arabic, as well as to the Syrians and Egyptians who study the English language ; and that it will assist in producing those happy results which I desire from the bottom of my heart for Syria, my beloved country. May truth, justice, civilization, and Christianity, which prevail here, be re-established in the East. Should this book inspire the youth of my country with a desire to learn English, and to read the literature of that lan guage, I shall be truly happy ; and so much the more, that the merit of such a result belongs to my friend Mr. Bernard Quaritch, who suggested the work to me, and to whom the learned world is already indebted for so many important and useful publications. JOSEPH CATAFAGO. London, May 1st, 1858.
^lo
ç\yj\ ¿*L~¿ l/í^j ^^ry f*^ c^ <J^ «i-J^j' J"V Ь»1 t-^l'bl ^ ц^ОАь-Ц íjUlj * £•{/«!' »AJÍ *;bj ^j-i^J ^.JJl
<^>UKJ1 ц; «¿kali * ¿ji&N ¿¿LII ^.j Jl u^r^- uí«*"
¿j/fl ¿Ш1 ie-J '^ài 'Uli * kj:s¿ü ¿t»*3< суШ1 JS J^ ¿j\ j<*u*i * ¿eUllj ¿-eU-l V*£*¿ fj^ ^лО*' •—'л^ Ïî/*^*^' jjjJl \jLa¡j '•éjy^ ^j**îj * J.*"*^ t^* uí^-J "W s^t*¿
position their tshaped letters, cthe Alphabet Arabic The adof wat to iocefnstoeiyrs-detnietgnlhgyt bThe land the middle words. of end figure order be egtpniseenmay oraoemnwreisnrgs, [tural. Mount Lebanon. is Pj, Spanish the rÍonounced A tstrong gutown.a£Tike PMAMDEOAWNIERG.S \ Geh.eorrman the like Firm, constant. Damiata. A town. Tripoli.
Antioch. Beirut. Tunis.
Gaza. Jabal Lubnùn,
PRON CIATON.
Tarâbolos, Beirut,
Dimyût, Тгтй, Sàbit,
LTamû, Khân,
Zahhh,
lr
j
Ghaza,
ALPHABETICAL TABLE.
THE AOF LPHABET.
umIS
SZAHPLia.
и^У
NUMBER
*>
1 2
400
500
3
a. b.
t.
8.
J- A. гл. d.
8
600
4 700 200 7
POWER. z.
r.
z.
IN TIAL.
mim
\
J
l
-
J AJ
J j
J j
Л
J j
j
j
л
üncon. \
TL z t
1
i_L
t
ÍUtiL. Con ec.
the in an :e—xed Table
If4MB.
Alif Ba Ta Sa 1
2
3
4
t S
л
J
J
Zine Jecm На Kha Dal Zal Ba 5
6
7 8 9
10
11
is hard palatal and letter. J a
d. like strong is judge, aA
J eis k. guttural rusJ aalem. The Jseaport of erusalem.
^ is guttural hard ay. ^is guttural. hard a Tyre Sidon. and A conqueror. A port. sea
Dami Hcue.
A town.
Тнгшая. Sidon.
A town.
Malta.
Aaron.
Cairo.
\, J i \ Lwhich is composed and alif. alam of m-oralif Surwa da, Say Baghääd,
Л«Ы<1м, dû, Say Kädl, Mältä, Zafir, Balhk,
Haifa, Künia.
Barûjïk, Alkuds,
Antäb,
Пйгоп, Yäfä.
Mür,
l"*'LГг
ши
lib
Ii-»-
00 300 90 800 9 900 70
1000 80 100
20 30 40
50
6
5 10
и,ио,о. *. *Ä.
«. rf. t.
t.
/■ к. к. 1
а.
i
¿ * At*
*Л
«3 к
я t
с». u- u0 l> L* Soon Shcon
ж i
Sad Dad Ta Za
ja 13 14 15 IG
17
Aine Ghine Fa 18
п.
1
j
я С 1
-
â
J
t t
т.
J
r li>
J
r
h.
У-
Л' i «
л
Kaf Kaf Lam lleem Noon Waw Ha Ya
19 20 21 22 23
24
25
26 27 28
INTRODUCTION.
X
VOWELS AND OKTHOGBAPHICAL SIGNS. The Arabs have only three characters for vowels, which they call Asxi Fatha, i
Caira, and
The first is represented
by a small oblique line over the letter ; the second by a similar stroke under the letter ; and the third by a small curve, like a comma, as follows :— Fatha . . . . ( — ) sounding as a. Casra . . . . ( ~7 ) sounding as ». Damma . . . ( — ) sounding nearly as o. These signs are sometimes doubled in the final letters, which doubling is then called tanween, or nunnation, because the vowel is then pronounced as if terminated by as Jp-i rajólo», ' a man ;' J*-j rajolin ; lsf-j rafolan. The first ( s ) marks the nominative case ; the second ( * ) the genitive, dative, and ablative ; the third ( * ) the accusative. It must be observed here that the final \ adds nothing to the sound when the accusative is pronounced. jjjwîu tathdid (" ) doubles the letter over which it is placed, as * 'Zs JjJ nazzala, ' he brought down.' A¿4wü МММ ( * ) is placed generally over the 1, and sometimes over the j and
and is considered as a guttural letter.
(J-ej wtuh ( ~° ) implies 'conjunction,' and is only inscribed over \ to mark an union with the preceding letter, \ being then silent, as kitabu-llahi, 'The book of God.' iJ^ madda v) implies extension,' and is placed over \, giving it a long sound, as iidam. ^yLj soeoon ( ь ) signifies ' a pause,' and is placed over a letter that has no vowel.
INTRODUCTION.
XI
[For the purpose of showing the reader that it is comparatively easy, with the aid of this Dictionary, to translate works in the Arabic language—the Bible, the Kurän, or the One Thousand and One Nights, for instance—into English, I sub the Arabic words in the first chapter of the Kurän with their equivalents in English.
Every word
will be found in the Dictionary, with its proper rendering :—] *~.j bimi; J-—J Ы, In, p. 39; *~>\ im, A name, p. 16; *«*j hitmi, In the name, p. 44. *U1 allah;
Jl al, The, p. 26;
¿i\ illah, A God, p. 28;
ЛМ, God, p. 28. ¡jtJ^ fJTj rahman, God the merciful, p. 116. (^a~J! «¿»-i rahlm, p. 116. Ji^k-1 Jf hamd, Praise, p. 96. ¿1 lillahi, To God, p. 206. ^^UMt—N rabbul^alamln, Lord of the Universe, p. 114. (JJoL* mälik, A king, a possessor, p. 211. <j yatcm, A day, p. 315. ^jJl ^¿J din, ¿JyjJ, The last judgment, p. 110. CJUI аууйка ; b, p. 37 ; Cjka, p. 192; and cJLJ, p. 37. Ju*j ¿oLs ¡ibudat, Worship, adoration, p. 156; Jujw , We worship.
cJbij } wa, And, p. 302 ; cJbJ, pp. 37, 192. ■ .^■jcuhJ <üle->\ itti^ änat, Asking assistance, p. 14 ; „j-äw, We ask assistance. liJJkl ц^ЛЛ huda', Direction, p. 311; ¿Илл, p. 311; Лл\, Direct (imperative) ; li nä, Us, p. 289. Li-all )o\jc tirât, A way, a direct road, p. 144. ,.■.>,:•.... 'J мишл muetakïm, Bight, p. 244. \>\j* p. 144.
xii
INTRODUCTION.
^jJ jJ\ i_fjJl alazl (the rel. mas. pro.), Who, which, that, p. 28. j»fJ e ^-x <-^¿¿U j,^Jlc j^jJLaSl
in^äm, Granting a favour, p. 33. ^^lx uila', Upon; J e calayhim, Upon them, p. 164. ^Aayr, Not, p. 174. maghdüb, Irritated, p. 263. talayhim, Against whom, p. 164. tea, And, p. 303; Í Id, Not, p. 201 ; Sj, Neither, p. 201. JL¿ ¿aW, Prevaricator, ^Ue, Prevaricators, p. 148. йтгп, So let it be ! Amen ! p. 31.
The Arabic words in this chapter are thus freely rendered into English in Sale's translation of the Kurân :— In the name of the most merciful God ! Praise ho to God, the Lord of all creatures ; the most merciful, the king of the day of judgment. Thee do we worship, and of thee do we beg assistance. Direct us in the right way, in the way of those to whom thou hast been gracious ; not of those against whom thou art incensed, nor of those who go astray.
ERRATA. Page il, for Jj^i^A read J^-ji_^, Whatever man. „
37, for
read
„
86, /ог^=лП(Зж>-, A pelican, read jS.J ^U¿>-, A sea-camel.
„ 152, for Jit tafl, read Jit tifl. „ 161, for ¡uffat, read itffat. „ 240, for ^\j}\L—>jJbsi, read ^\y¿\\^bj. „ 264, for ,_$aLi, read ^jsJi*. „ 280, for ,j2\ïï]a^$, read ^^JlÄülai*.
AN
ARABIC
DICTIONARY.
PART THE FIRST.
Arabic and (gntjlish. Ь1
1
ц_И ai, A father, master, possessor. »j ¡LI abûzlni, The buckles, buttons or clasps of belts, girths, girdles, etc. This word enters into the compo sition of a great number of Arabic Lbi abut, The armpits, the interior parte beneath the wings. names varying its termination ac cording to its case, having %A aba J-blH ahlttl, Trifles, vanities. in the nominative, Ы abä in the j_(^Jbl aballe, Devils. accusative, and j\ abl in the CjU»'ü! ibtihïx, Investigation, scru tiny, disquisition, examination, enquiry. other cases, as J£jy\ АЬйЪакаг, Question, dispute, vrager. j^yjb! Abâdun, ^¡ялЛ í¿\ Abi IjûjI ibtidä, The beginning, com Iima^Jl, etc. mencement, exordium, the first b-Jl ab, The month of August. time. ^Jcjl To begin. \j\ abu, Father (in the accusative). Jjcji ibtidä-an, In the beginning, at first, in the first place. (plur.) Father, ancestors. Aba or ïbà, Detesting, abhorring, abominating, re jljcjt ibtidâr, Running hastily (to jecting, refusing, disagreeing, refractory, arms), the same as the participle disobedient, disdaining, aversion, dis gust, horror, loathing. jJlw« mubtadir. (You are re ¿j\i\ ibâtat, ing the night, tar ferred to the letter * when you rying all night, doing anything in the night-time, being overtaken by the night, cannot find under \ any infinitive etc. or noun of action of the derivative con jugations). ¿¿*.\j\ ibähat, Publishing, disclosing a secret, revealing, illustrating. Per cJjcj! ibtidâ^. Invention, contri mitting, giving liberty. Liberty, licence, vance, alteration, innovation (in matters licentiousness. of religion). iJiJ^} abârïk, Water-pots, ewers. aLlíjI ibtisàm, Cheerfulness, glad ness, a smile, smiling. j¿jM abâzïr, Aromatic, spices, bejt ibtighä, Wishing, seeking, de sweet herbs or roots for seasoning meat. Grains, seeds. siring, coveting. 1 .
Jul able men. JWnfc., Producing something jICsj! ibtikâr, Rising early, coming new, inventing, publishing, imagining, soon in the morning. feigning, devising, forging. "Ízj\ ibtüä, Temptation, trial, proof, ^Ijul abdän, Bodies. experiment. ion, suffering, the being affected with any misfortune, being in ^Jj\ abadx, Eternal (without end). disposed, vexed, etc. Calamity, distress. As all Arabic adjectives may be used ad verbially, it signifies likewise, Eternally, skjI ibtilä^j Devouring, consuming, ¿Jül abadiyat, Eternity. tfor eTer" swallowing. JÜäjI ibtilâl, Being wet. ibrà, Liberating, absolving, dis charging from debt, delivering from dan UïjI ibtinä, Building, constructing. ger, restoring health. Quittance. ^l^yl ibtihâj, Gladness, alacrity, abrär, Just, holy, pious, worthy cheerfulness, content. Joy, merriment. (men). JI^jI ibtihâl, Supplication, depre ibräz, Production of a proof or cation, groaning in prayer. ¡j¡\ Ont, A needle. [document JlstI abjad, The name of an arith metical Terse, the letters of which have ^j¡) abrash, A dapple grey or pie bald horse. Marked with white or different powers from one to a thousand, coloured spots or points. as follows. This was probably the an cient order of the alphabet. \j>ji\ abras, Leprous. ibarx, A needle-dealer. Jhi^jl ibrlk, An ewer. A brig, Ласт им*j3 удил* brigantine, sloop of war. ООО ceo 888 SSSg jLajl absar, Eyes, looks. о л * III CjIsstI abhät, Questions, disputes. Lui ibt, The armpit. ^lacrl ibhäh, Making hoarse, causing Uajl ibiä, Delay, protracting. to pronounce thick without proper inter JUajl abtdl, Brave warriors, heroes. vals in articulation. Ibíñl, Abolishing, destroying, annihilat ing, ruining, abrogating, repealing, ren J^r} abhär (pij3s?\) Seas. dering void or useless. ijàe?\ abkhurah, Vapours, exhala jUjI ab^âd, Distances. Very dis tions, perfumes. tant. Ib^ñd, Kemoving to a distance. Ju \ abad, An age, eternity without end (eternity without beginning Uül ibkû, Rendering permanent, pre serving entire, reserving. being expressed by Jj'). Jul JUül abkul, Potherbs, beans.
(ßj\ аЫак, Pie-balled, black and white, party-coloured. ¿Ы ablah, A fool. Simple, igno rant, foolish, bashful, blundering, rude, awkward, doating, presumptuous, vain, arrogant. j^^y-LI ibhs or eins, The devil, the deceiver. ^ji \ ibn or abn, A son. It is written ^ bin when preceded by a proper name and followed by the name of the father, as л*к"„^ .-vir Hassan eon of Muhammad,
C'lj'l atût, Household furniture. (ju'l atân, A she-ass. cLjl atbä^, Followers, dependents, clients, servants, subjects. J/but, Fol lowing or causing to follow, ing one thing to another. olaCI ittihäd, Union, concord, inti mate friendship. ú\ser\ ittikhäz,A receipt,acceptation, taking to one's self, assumption, choos ing, election. (jm\jJ \ atrás, Shields, targets.
lui CJ)y\ aträk, Turks.
аЬпй, Sons, ¿о I ibnat, A daughter. çwj! ittisâ^j Amplitude, extension, {jufj\ abn us, Ebony.
This
word has
often the sense of j J sfl, having, endowed with, possessed of, etc., as b-Jj\yi,}>\ Having whiskers. J-ó¿!LjI
Endowed with excel
lence. ^.«.u.s'IjjI Possessed of beauty. <—>ijjl abicub, Doors, chapters.
i_sLa)'l ittisäf, Being endowed with or possessed of anything. J Lu I ittisäl, Conjunction, adhe sion, union, attachment, neighbourhood, contiguity, being level. cwiJi ittida^, Humiliation, abase ment, meanness, abjectness. <—->Uj! it^äb, Fatigue, lassitude.
tuLil abhat, Parents, fathers, an cestors, [fulness. — LH ibhdj, Gladness, joy, cheer-
jUjI ittifak, Union, concord, har mony, concurrence, agreement, consent, convention, confederacy, compact, alli ance, league, conspiracy. Chance, for tune, accident, lot, success. CUÜUi'l ittifàkât, Accidents. Suc cesses. \i\su\ ittifäkan, Unanimously, in concert, with one accord. By chance, perhaps. Successfully. ciUj! ittifäkl, Casual, fortuitous, accidental. By chance.
^u\ abha', ifore or most beautiful.
iiy&i\ ittikân, Knowing with cer
,уИ all (for (jTjH) Paternal. Abl, Refusing, rejecting, loathing. diLjl abyât, Verses, distichs.
tainty, y^lüi! itkän, Doing any thing properly and solidly. [tecs. LsJl atkiyd, Religious men, devo
uè~i\ abyad, "White, bright, shining.
id ittikâ, Leaning against, reclin ing upon. Jl£j'l ittikàl, Faith, confidence, trusting one's affairs to another.
ц_И^31ц_>Ь (the port of ports), the fortress of Derbend on the Caspian sea. J^\ abwâk, Crooked trumpets, clarions, French horns.
¿SA>\ atäbah, The lord father (title given by historians to kings or primo ministers).
itlâf, Consumption, ruin, de struction, loss, waste. jjl atamm, More or most perfect. I»L«j! itmäm, Perfection, accom plishment, termination,conclusion, end, completion. To con clude any business. ¿jlyl atwâk, Desires, ions. ^y] atün, An oven, furnace, the fire burning in the furnace. [sation. ütihäm, Suspicion, false accuijl ätt, Coming, arrival, hringing, "leading, coming unawares. Ml, Future, coming, subsequent. jjLj! itycm or ityänat, Arrival, ac cession, meeting, coition. CjÜI asäs, Household furniture. jUT àsâr, Signs, marks, traces, scars, vestiges, ruins, monuments. His tories, traditions, relations, news, mem orable events, miracles, prodigies, chro nicles, annals. Good works, illustrious actions. I»IjT âsàm, Crimes, sins. luLj\ isbät, Confirmation, affirm ation, proof. J¡\ asar, A mark, sign, character, impression, trace, remain, vestige or rum. A history, commemoration, me morial, relation, tradition, fable, romance ; collection of traditions relative to the actions and sayings of Mahomet. JUül ashâl, Burdens, loads, incum brances, impediments, baggage, equipage, train, suite. ¡Jsß\ JUul The treasures of the earth. Weights. ^\ ism, A sin, crime, offence, any thing forbidden. j\aj\ asmär, Fruits. asmàn, Prices. Eighth parts. asman, More or most dear, valuable.
asnä, The middle, interval, in terstice. Plaits, foldings. Whilst, during, in the mean time. ...ta isnân, Two. y¡rfUíl Twelve. jj-i^î! .y, Monday.
^1 aswäb, Hobes, vestments, garments, habiliments, cloths, baggage. aswar, Bulls. ass cm, A furnace, —л asir, The sky, œther. aslm, A sinner, criminal, liar. Wicked, rascally, heaping crime upon crime. [ing. ц_>Ь>И ijâb, Answering. Consent<оЦИ ijàbat, Listening to, accepta tion, ratification, agreement, consent. Answering, corresponding, consenting, itting, complying with, humouring, listening to. jb»-t ûjâr, Bxmts, hires. j^r\ To let to a tenant. sj\^-\ ijuzat, Leave, permission, dis mission, dispensation, leave. ajâs A species of plum, a prune. [Causes. (_3\-5»- 1 äjäl, The fates; the dead. ajo nib, Foreigners, stranjJLj>-1 ajbàl, Mountains. [Sersijtibä, Choice, election, se lection. ijtira, Boldness, intrepidity, an enterprise, endeavour, attempt. ijtimàf. An assembly, con course, congregation, meeting, conven tion, congress ; an accumulation, heap. \та*Л ijtinä, Gathering, collecting, plucking, pulling (fruit, etc.) c—ilii?-] ißinäb, Shunning, aban doning, declining, flying, abstaining from, retiring, removing, going to a distance.
г' jlftfj-1 iftihäd, Care, solicitude, la bour, diligence, effort, study, en deavour. A religious war. ^¿\c&-\ ijlihâdî, Belonging to religion, or a war on of it. jljk>-l ajdäd, Ancestors, forefathers. s*-\ afr, A reward, , re compense, compensation, hire. I\jpA ijrâ, Making anything to flow, run, proceed. Bringing forward, be ginning, producing, satisfying, paying; accomplishing, executing, performing.
t/\^ ajrâs, Bells,
J U¿>- 1 ifmal, An abridgment, compendium, summary, synopsis. У1*г>-) ijmälan, Briefly, compen diously, summarily, by way of abridg ment. l¿j*xA¿>~\ qfma^în, All, universal, the whole. J^-l qfmal, More or most beautiful. ¿ w>- i ajnud, Soldiers, troops, armies. —Lp-1 ajnäh, "Wings. Flying. (juuw»-l ajnas, Kinds, sorts, species, goods, things. "Wares; household goods. ùiV.M'* ¡Л^»-\, Various sorte, different kinds. --isj-' ajnabi, A foreigner, stranger.
f»}/^ ajrum, Bodies. LuJÍ*!^! The heavenly bodies. *jS?\ vjrat, Beward, recompense, exchange, hire, rent, wages. ¿jS?\ ajrad, Bald, bare ; a bald
H qfwâr, Neighbours. ^Lâs-I ajfän, Eyelashes, eyebrows.
y>-\ ajwaf. Concave, hollow. A fate, destiny. Á term, appointed time. class of Arabic verbs called concave. (J^-l afl, Cause, occasion, reason. j&-\ ajhar, Squint or goggle-eyed. lLSo J<^>-\{^+ For that reason. Eyes that cannot bear the glare of the sun. Beautiful, with a slight and deli u1î3lp-1(j-< On your . cate cast of the eye, inclining to a squint. Jj»-1 aja11, Greater, more or most JlfsH ajhal, More or most ignorant. worthy, excellent, glorious. ^ l¿! !,_}$?- 1, The most ignorant (ju«5b>- 1 ifläe, Causing or ordering of mankind. one to sit or recline. Being seated; \ ajlr, A mercenary, hired la being seated on a throne. bourer, slave, servant. JlsjH ifkil, Magnificence, majesty, ^г»-1»П ahäji, Enigmas. grandeur, glory, dignity, honour, exalta tion, loftiness. Ajlal, Housings, or any jl»-l ahàd (plur.) Ones: as Jo-1« kind of horse-covering. Ju»-1 ajla', More spendid, bright, jl»-
-! ijmä^, An assembly, collec l>UH ahâdu, News, things tion, consenting, agreeing.
which have recently happened. Sayings or traditions concerning Mahomet, handed down by the Mussulman doctors, to the num ber of 5266. yl^iNi.UJjLn, The tenets of the Alkoran. aJsUH ihätat, Surrounding, com prehending, containing, including, hold ing, investing, besieging. Inclosure. Conceiving, knowing, understanding. t_^o-l ahabb, More or most lovely; amiable. L»-l ahibbä, Friends, relations. <__>L»H ahbab, Friends. jLs-l ahbär, Hebrew doctors or scribes. (^Li»H ihiibas, Retaining, con taining, confining, including, imprison ing, arresting, restraining. Kestraining one's self. Being shut up, beseiged, im prisoned, included, contained. <_>lisw.l ihtijäb, Seclusion, retreat, taking the veil. ^1а»П ihtijâj, Bringing proofs, pleading a cause, litigating. ihthâr, Avoiding shunning, flying from, taking care, being cautious. J^i>-I ihtirâi (almost the same), Abstaining from. ^i\jís-\ ihtiräs, Preserving, guard ing. Being preserved, guarded. jjljis~\ ihtirak, Conflagration, burn ing. Ardour, strong desire. ihtirâm, Veneration, honour, reverence, respect. <_>L*s¿»n ihtisâb, Esteeming, reck oning, estimating, enumerating, counting. >1Дл"..-»Л ihtishäm, Being ashamed, modesty. [ing against. bUia-l ihtifâz, Taking care, guardjUi»-l ihtifar, Digging, excavation. jUi*.! ihtikür, Contempt (in the ive sense), being despised.
^UiaH ihtikän, Taking or giving an injection or clyster. ihtikarr Accumulating, reap ing, hoarding grain, laying up in a granary. JUiaH ihtimâl, Bearing patiently, patience. ing, being able. Possibility, probability. \улЛ ihtiwâ (or Compre hending, containing. ^.Luî»-! ihtiyàj, Indigence, want, necessity. LjUis- I ihtiyät, Care, caution, cir cumspection, foresight, scrupulousness. U?L^»-1 ihtiyätan, Cautiously, carefully. JLi»-l ihtiyäl, Fraud, art, strata gem, machination, deceit. àhjâr, Stones. ahad, One. A»-IJ^ Every one, all. )Jo-l ahadan, Singly, one by one. j£j*cSi>-\, Eleven. JoH ahadd, More or most acute, sharp, vehement or fierce (in anger or war). сИлэН ihdäs, An invention, new production or erection. [eyes. ahdak, The pupils of the <_>Л5»И ahdab, Hump-backed. aharr, More or most hot. ahrär, The free, free-born, noble, free men. jjl^aJ ihrük, Вurning, setting on fire. ahräm, Sacred places, sanc tuaries, asylums. Hiram, Excommuni cation, an anathema, interdiction. Il legal, making unlawful. ahruf, Letters, particles. ahra', Better, best. t-_*|js-l ahzäb, Troops, bands, co horts.
г1 jjU»-! ahvïn, Care, grief. cholies.
Л Melan
(jíuL*»H «Asa«, Perception, eight, feeling, finding, perceiving. Sense. ^L*»-! iksän, A benefit, favour, gift, present, courtesy, service, goodness, benencence.
Jtf-1 ahmak, Foolish, stupid, dull, ignorant, awkward. À fool. J!^».! ahwâl, States, conditions, situations, affairs, things, accidents, occurrences, circumstances, s, relations, events (either past or present). L»-1 ahyä, The living, lhya, Re covering, reviving, refreshing, recalling ^L»-! ahjiin, Times, ages. lto e'
1_-ш-*Л ahsab, More or most es teemed, honoured. jjjuuï»-^ alisan, More or most beau UL»H altуо nan, Sometimes, from time to time, now and then. tiful. Ahmna (in prayer), May it be good, beautiful. j-Иi »iv/., laviiai. [brothers. akh, .a. A brother. jLsLa-1 ihdär, Producing, presenting, ^Irs-l akhân (for цДр-^i Two akhän making appear, summoning, citing, call ing before. jLri-1 akhbâr, Histories, tides, an nals, gazettes, news, relations, advices, ^Li»-! ahdân, Sides, parte, tracts. chronicles, traditions. [pure. jU»-1 ahfud, Friends, grand-chil i_i -»«-Л akhbas, More or most imdren, sons-in-law, relations. c:-%.*>■ I иШ, A sister, female friend, fjl&a-l ah/an, Handfulls, small companion. Similar, equal, alike, con quantities. genial. ¡J&- \ altatt, More or most worthy. ^bri-1 akhtän, Circumcision feasts. jlii^-l ahküd, Hatreds, rancours, /♦bii-l ikhtitam, End, completion, animosities. [fields. conclusion. JläoH ahkäl, Arable lande, sown c!í¿-1 ikUirä^j Inventing, fancy ß*>-\ akhtr, Viler, vilest, meanest, ing, imagining. Invention, contrivance, lowest, most contemptible. Poor artifice. est, humblest. (Used for I or jLr.-O ikhtisär, Abridging, abbre viating, contracting, abridgment. me) i>L*!Lä»-!, The humblest of servants. ^ûLaii-l ikhtimt), Being peculiar, particular, proper, special, belonging to j»l£o~l ahkâm, Orders, decrees, man one in sole property. dates, ordinances, precepts of the law, i'udgments, decrees, sentences, diplomas, *\ .fl.".
-! ikUitâf, Seizing, carrying justice. God. off by force. Лл-\ Шйт, Dreaming. lihri-1 ikhtifi, Withdrawing, con cealing one's self. Аэ-1 aida', More or most sweet. fJHsj>.\ ikhtiläs, Seizing, snatching, Jl?"l ahmul, Burdens, loads. laying violent hands upon, drag jLf-\ ali rnatl, More or most laudable. ging away, carrying off. LiL¿- 1 ß-\ ahmar, Red. ikhlüñnan, Hastily, violently, forcibly.
8 ikhtilät, Confusion, per plexity, mixture. Intercourse, conver sation, commerce, association, friendship. i Йикм ikhtilâf, Discord, difference, diversity, discrepancy, opposition, dis sension, contrast, falsehood. Contra diction. Jib^i-I ikhtiläl, Confusion, distur bance, interruption, trouble, alteration. Disorder, tumult. jUïji.! ikhtiyär, An election, choice, liberty, option, will, power. ijLi»-! ikhtiyâran, Voluntarily, spontaneously. jliá-l, To choose, to be willing, to cause to elect. To con clude. To institute. To receive, take. akhda-. , More or most fal lacious, crafty, sly, cunning. ЛгьП akhz, A receiving, taking, seizing. To receive, to take, seize, etc. j&A äkhar, Another, a second. j¿-\ äkhir, Last, posterior, ulti mate, final. The end, extremity, latter part. Finally, at last, afterwards. The end of time. y»súj¿-\ , The last breath. y^'jjjb F"-8* and last. y>A , At length, finally. ukhar, Others. ■j^r*^ Producing, drawing forth, bringing forward, expelling. Rush ing or sallying out. Expending. lj»j¿~\ akhras, Dumb. [last. Ljj¿~\ (fem.) or Another, the
.1 U¿i¿~\ akhass, More or most proper, peculiar, particular. akhdar, Green. ^1>The green or Persian Gulf. c
^\la¿-l ikhtur, ing, record ing, recollecting. Akhtar, Dangers, destructions. Ur»H ikhfâ, Concealment, hiding, suppressing. [beasts. akhläb, The claws of wild ikhlüs, Candour, sincerity, piety, probity, truth, purity, puri6cation, correction, true love, friendship, affection. Emendation. LibsH akhlät, Mixtures, miscellanies. Humours of the body ; mixing together. jjll&H akhläk, Qualities, natures, temperamentSjdispositions,talents, properties, habits, manners (good or bad). Akhläk is a general name for books of morality, as jjláH tl^Ull, The manners of kings. 4->Дг»И akhlas, More or most pure, sincere. jL«¡l(_/
¿.! akhmäs, Fifth parts. t¿/>-\ akhann, Speaking or making a noise through the nose. d-,:-^ \ akhnas, More or most flex ible, limber, weak, withered. Jl^¿-I akhwâl, Uncles by the mo ther's side. ^^¿-1 akhwàn, Friends, brothers, companions. ukhwat, Brothers. ^ àkhrïn, The last, the latest akhxir, A stable, stall. comers, posterity. j^^gjsH akhass, More or most vile, akhwaf, More or most timid. ignoble.
-\ akhshan, Euggcd, rough. mother's side. í.\ akhl, My brother. \J*S- \ akhsha', More or most timid.
9 jLá-l akhyär, Good, the best, the choicest, most excellent, ahhyath, Linen cloths of a coarse and flimsy texture. j»LäH aiAyam, Tents, pavilions, temporary moveable habitations. akkyar, Better, best. AhMr, Posterior, last. ^.-П alla ran, At length, in fine. «-jbl âdâb, Civilities, good man ners, politeness, learning, sciences, laws, duties. adat, An instrument, tool, utensil, apparatus. adâr, March. iiW idärat, Turning round, re telling. istration. (»Ы aiûma (in prayer), May God prolong. [utensils. adâwât, Instruments, tools, i—Jjl adab, Civility, humanity, courtesT, politeness, respect, reverence, vene ration, urbanity, elegance of manners, soundness of doctrine or principles, mo rality, science, learning, philology. Mo desty, bashfulness. « " To correct, chastise, civilize. Ajlár^ adab - khanah, A watercloset, necessary. CjLo! adabayât (fem. plur.) Re lating to humanity. Politeness, learning, __&tcomplishmcnte. JU. j\ . / ' I, Introducing. entering. adkhinat, Smoke, the fumes of tobacco. ùirâk, Comprehension, un derstanding, observation, perception, intelligence, intellect, capacity, genius. -.j' Adranah, Adrianople. WÎj-À Idrï$, the Arabian name for Enoch the prophet. iddiiâ, Pretension, presump
il tion, arrogance, assuming, glorying or boasting. Inviting, calling to, ordering to be brought. «UßJl ad^iyat, Salutations, felicita tions, congratulations, compliments, wishes, supplications, prayers. Invita tions. Blessings. adillat, Arguments, reasons, proofs, evidences. As^lj¿Jj!, Clear proofs. «Lx^iïJ , Legal judicial proofs ; evidences before a court of justice. ädam, Adam and his posterity. fJl^^i-j bant ûdam, The sons of Adam, i.e., mankind. \j adnä (or ti^)i More or most vile, infamous, "the last, least, lowest, basest, meanest. cu\,û\ adawät, Instruments, tools, utensils, apparatus. jljjl adwar, Houses, mansions. Orbs, orbits, revolutions, circles. Periods, ages. ¿jjjl adwiyat or adwiyah, Medicines, drugs. 4j\ ¿>jÁa1\¡L>j¿\ , A treatise on medicines. [guents. ^Uoj! adahän,' Oils, ointments, unadhur, Times, ages, eternities. adham (A horse) of a black colour, inclining to a dusky green. CS\j j\ adyäk, Cocks. ^lijl adyan, Religious rites or ceremonies. jl adïb, Courteous, polite, wellbred, learned. j! iz, When (both in prêt, and fut. sense). Indeed. If, if so be. Forasmuch as. Already. Behold ! lo ! #ú\ mn (j-i-a- or CJ\j\ ), Then, at that time. ¿~*¿>, On that day. À.«rAj , On that night. t« j\ , When, if at any time.
\j\ I j\ izâ, When (in the future sense). Behold. This particle is never placed at the beginning of a sentence, and is often used redundantly, without having apparently any precise signification. ^IjI äzän or azän), Ears, lobes or tips of the ears, jjlol azan, The signal for summoning to prayers by the mullah or priest, from the minarets or towers of the mosques. ^jjl airu^, Arms. Cubits. Ells. The fore-legs of animals. ^Ic û\ iz^än, Obedicnce.submission. Intelligence, capacity,intcllcct, judgment. ¡Já\ azkay, More or most acute, "ingenious, quick. L^jl azMyà (plur.), Acute, inge nious. Witty. Í j\ azilla (plur.), Abject, vile, mean, contemptible,slavish,wretched,miserable. (jj! uzn, An ear, tip of the ear. A handle. Tzn, permission, leave, li cence, dismission, congé. [riors. <_jljjl aznäb, Tails, rumps, poste óla 3\ axAän, Geniuses, memories, intellects, capacities. t^jl azl, Vexed, hurt, offended, injured, exceedingly afflicted. An in jury, loss. Jb jl azyâl, Skirts, tails, borders of a garment. Appendices. <üj| azlyat, Oppression, injury, damage, hurt, wrong, loss. j¿>-\)\ aräjiz, Poems consisting of verses called y>-j , where the cesura is six times repeated.
10 J* 5/ arämü (fem. iL*\j\), Wi dowed in a single state, u-^j^l arânib, Hares. S-'btl arbâb, Possessors, masters, lords. This word (which is the plural of <__>i rail, lord, master) added to any word significant of science, art, office profession or qualification, denotes the endow ment or possession of it, as Superiors, conquerors. arbâ^j Fourth parts. ímj\ arba^t, Four. jujS. àjuj\ arla^t ^ashara, Fourteen. \*>j\ arlaba, Thursday. ijyuj1 arba^ün (and ^j*^!), Forty. Jjjl Arbol, The ancient city of Arbela in Mesopotamia. bLi\1 irtibät, Aligament, connexion, chain. Friendship. Jlatjl irtijiil, Speaking extem pore, off-hand. ïlacT| il irtijâlan, Unthinkingly, inconsiderately, etc. JlaTj! irtihal, Emigration, depar ture, death. ô\£jj\ irtidäd, Apostacy, apostatiz ing, becoming a renegado. LlJjl irtishä, Corruption, suborna tion, bribery. Lijjl irtida, Acquiescing, approving. t__>l*i',l irti^ab, Being frightened. Alarm. ¿\jüJ\ irtiídd, Trembling, shaking, being frightened, disturbed. ^¿¡\xjj\ irti-^âsh, Trembling, trepi dation, [altation. ^Ujjl irtifa^. Elevation, ascent, ex\üüj\ irtikä, Addition, accession, in-
11 3J crease, augmentation, advancement, pro motion, ascending, exaltation. <_»l£j;\ irlikäb, Commission or per petration (of a crime). <__iLjj! artiyäb, Doubt, uncertainty. tlJi! ire, Inheritance, heritage, he reditary right. ^yrji arfawan, Purple, deep red. iS'yrj^ arjawûnï, Very red. »\f>-j\
arjñzat,
A poem
in the
measure called >-. raft, where there are six pauses or cesuras in the lino (»U"-j\ arhum, Wombs, matrices. »*-j\ arham, More or most merciful. ~jl\^j\ , The most mert. ¡íul of the merciful, an attribute of God. Li-j! irkhû, Giving the reins, re laxing. (jjá-.l arkhun, A prince, chief, archon, high-priest, patriarch, abbot, or any chief of religion among the eastern Christians. (J-jJ,! Ardabil, A city in Azarbijan (Media). Jjj! arzal, More or most mean, base, ignoble, rile.
\J\ aruz (jj run orjjj runt), Шее. ¿\\j\ arzak, Eiches, possessions, goods, commodities, effects, apparel, moveables, provisions. sj,\ arzat, Cedar, pine, etc. (a noun of unity from jj\ above). Ц;1 irsu, Firm, immovable. Fixing, rendering firm. Resolving firmly on anything. Landing at a port. JLy! irtâl, Expedition, sending, dispatching. ^Ц/ arsän, Halters, bridles.
Jbijl arshad, Most upright, most tenacious of the right way. ^Ajj^wiij! Arashmldas, Archimedes. jLs^ arsâd, Observations of the stars, or of roads. ^ja)\ ard, The earth, ground, soil, country, region. \*èj\ irdâ, Satisfying, gratifying, contenting. [earthy. ^¿J^ ardl, Terrestrial, earthly, JU»/ artäl, Pounds of twelve ounces. Weights of 800 drachms or dirhems. i_.«¿j1 arghab, More or most de sirous, covetous. S¿,\ arghad, More or most com modious, pleasant, affluent. ^y^ arghûn, A musical organ. jjlijl arfäk, Companies, societies, committees, assemblies. pjj\ arfiii. More or most high, sub lime, exalted. I¿>1£/ arkân, Columns, pillars, sup ports, props, posts. ^jSy arkun, Chiefs, princes, heads of religious bodies. »-Ц/ armüh, Spears, javelins, lances. ^U*.! armgahân, A present, gift, donation, offering. ^y*j\ armai, Widowed, in a state of celibacy. i<s»\\ Armani, An Armenian. ¿~~*j\ Armanlyah, Armenia. i_*Jjl arnab, A hare. —ijjjl arwäh, Spirits, souls, minds. /•V)' Artcäm, Greeks, Eomans.
¿\¿>j\ irehdd, Directing, shewing the right way, converting. Ordering, guiding
^j¡J\ arwa\ Drink, Assuaging thirst.
pure water.
LI
12
çAjj! aryàh. Winds. <__iljjt aryâf, Well cultivated, planted, improved (grounds) ; plentiful (countries). i%är, A veil of fine linen or muslin, which, in the East, flows from tho ladies heads to below the middle of the leg. izdaham, A concourse, crowd, press, throng, mob, multitude. izdirù, Scorn contempt, dis dain, indignation, contumely. azràr, Buttons, buckles. azrak, Blue, blue-eyed, ceru lean [courte, lanes, alleys.
j\ azhar, White, bright, brilliant, splendid, shining, clear, evident. äs, The myrtle. U¿\ uss, A foundation, basis. asä-at and isa-at, An offence, j_oU ЫНЬ Weeks. £crime' Mäjlb, Rhymes, cadences. aéàrâ (or Captives, slaves, prisoners.
(jwLj! asâs, A foundation, basis. jL_uJ1(jwLi! , (Foundation of rule) a book on political government. j-LLj! asdtlr, Fabulous histories, romances. JiU asâfil, The inferiors, the lower class, tho most infamous ; mean, stupid (people). i_oL>l asakif, Bishops. k_-~Jl.il asdllb, Modes, manners, j_*L>1 asamii. Ears, hearing. [waîsJbJLH asânid, Allegations on the authority of another. Imputations, atjjU asâwir, Bracelets. £tribut£St_>L~>l asbäb, Causes, motives, ar guments, reasons, incentives, stimulatives, Modes, ways, manners, means. Instru ments, utensils, apparatus. Clothes, ap parel, effects, moveables, goods, furniture. asbat, Tribes of Israel. asbü^, A week. i_-~o1 ist, The buttocks, hips, back side, anus, fundament. jb_>\ ustod (or dLJ), A master, teacher, tutor. An artificer, manufac turer, an artizan. Ingenious, excellent, celebrated, famed for any art or work of ingenuity. istibahat, Permitting one to pursue his own inclinations. JljuS»! istibdûl, Changing, ex changing, desiring to change. Jjui«¡(, To change, exchange. jL*.-."...^ istibshär, Rejoicing at or announcing good news. 1Уа*Вт»\ istibsär, Considering with attention, looking, seeing, examining. istibtä, Delaying, expecting. Being slow, dull, lazy. istisnä, Exception,distinction. <üls\J ütijäbat, Hearing, receiv ing a petition. Giving an answer. Ac cepting, consenting.
13
J jjlsxJ ittijurah, Hiring, renting. Imploring protection, asking assistance. íjlsí-jl ùtijâzah, Asking leave, so liciting permission. t_4~r{ .\ igtijlub, Attraction. Car rying camels and other cattle. ^\л».<иЛ istihsân, Approving, prais ing, talking, or considering as a favour.
Jl.fl,
*\л=си:1
istikhdum,
Employing,
making use of the labour of another. _1-аа-Л ùtiihrâj, Extracting, draw ing out, causing to come forth, coming from a place or country. ^IsxJt ¡dtkhhls, Setting at liberty, desiring to liberate, procuring liberty. СЛ .Jc-Л ütidräh, Comprehending, conceiving, understanding, reaching, equalling, overtaking, arriving, obtain ing, wishing to comprehend, obtain, etc. Restoring, mending. Ic Ju-j\ istid^u, Petitioning, request ing submissively, entreating. J5jc-j\ istidlùl, A demonstration, argument, proof. Perceiving, collecting от drawing arguments from. Asking the
So.\ji*>\ utWahat, Quiet, rest, re pose, sleep, peace, tranquillity. Pausing. \=rji~¡\ istirjâ, Petitioning, begging, supplicating, asking, requesting, desiring. cU-^i-j! istirjâ^, Asking or taking back the whole or part of anything once given. JÍJi-o\ ùtirdâd, Demanding resti tution of anything, whether given, deposited in trust, or taken without con sent. Ь J^i-ol ittiridiyä, An oyster. jli/—\ Utirhâk, Captivity, reduc ing to slavery. Uu-i-j) istiskà, The dropsy. ïiLiiS~)l istishärat, Consulting, ask ing advice, deliberating with another, standing in need of advice. cU.*.-...i! ùtishfâ^, Asking, imploring, begging, intercession. ,4^,*.-..,1 istishhäd, Taking evidence, summoning witnesses, bringing testi mony or proof. Falling a martyr for religion. (.-»Is*3"*"'\ intis-huh, Associating with, becoming sociable or familiar, wishing for the company of any person. .Un" -•■ гййдЫг, Despising, hold ing in small estimation, considering with contempt. <_'1.yr-i-^ tdiswdb, Approving, thinking well of, esteeming right. u_?y¿A~il , To approve. LÜä-Л ittüäbat, Approbation, relishing, liking, taking well, finding agreeable. ¿ИЬ-.-.Л istää-^at, Power, possibi lity, capability, capacity. JjVfrA ùtàlàl, Sitting in the shade. ¿rjlje—\ isti^dzat, Asking protec tion, calling for help. i'j\*zJ\ itti^ârat, Borrowing. Using a word metaphorically. A metaphor.
LS ,шА ¿Ui-il isti^änat, Asking assistance, imploring help. oLjCw-j! isti^-bud, Reducing to sla very, subjecting. jLr.,.il iitii-bär, Taking an exam ple and being edified by it. c—jLs**"1! ùtiy'âb, Astonishment, wonder, surprise. Jls**-1! isti^-jal, Hastening, ac celerating, ordering one to make haste, impelling, stimulating, dispatching any business soon, dressing meat quickly; wishing to make haste. ittiídid, Skill, knowledge, genius, aptitude, capacity, disposition, merit, worth. < Лкж^И ütittäf, Conciliating the favour of any one, obtaining their good praces, insinuating one's self into the good opinion of another. j»Uàxi_>! isti^zäm, Becoming proud. Conceiving highly of, esteeming greatly, iring. Respect. büe»^ istiifä, Asking pardon or ab solution. I»^Lci«j! isti^läm, Asking informa tion, advice, or news. JUjCwH ís¿t£MáZ,TJse,usage,custom.
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