Akuifer, Akuiklud, Dan Akuitard 8q63

Akuifer, Akuiklud, atau Akuitard

Mata Kuliah : Geohidrologi dan Hidrotermal Dosen

: Tri Rani Puji Astuti, S.T., M.Eng.

I’m Geologist 

Tri Rani Puji Astuti (Rani)

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Well Site Geologist Total E&P Indonesie

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Palembang, 8 April 1990 (25 yo)

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Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Master of Engineering in petroleum geology (M.Eng) 2011, final thesis research programs on Hokkaido University

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Bachelor Degree in Geological Engineering (S.T) 2008

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Achivement :

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Student research at Hokkaido University (Long term PARE scholarship)

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Fast track scholarship programs from DIKTI

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1st winner “Olimpiade Geologi Indonesia”

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SPE scholarship Java Section 2011

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International & national research publication (IPTC, AAPG ICE, JAPAN conference, IAGI)

Rig’s Life

Rig’s Life

Rig’s Life

Importance of Ground Water  Wells and springs provide water for 1. Drinking Supplies 2. Agricultural Irrigation 3. Livestock 4. Industry Ground water is a precious resource that is threatened by quantity and quality impacts.

Global Distribution of Water

Ground Water Zones  Soil moisture  Unsaturated zone  Capillary fringe  Water table  Saturated zone

Ground Water Zones

Soil Moisture  Water held by molecular attraction on soil particles.  This moisture is used by plant roots.

Unsaturated Zone  Area above the water table where pore spaces are filled with air and water.  Water infiltrates through the soil, percolates downward by gravity, and eventually reaching the saturated zone.  Other names for the unsaturated zone are the vadose zone or the zone of aeration.

Capillary Fringe  Extends upward from the water table.  Ground water is held by surface tension in tiny ages between grains.  Capillary fringe thickness varies. - Sand: < 1 cm - Clay: Up to ten meters.

Zone of Saturation  A zone where all of the pore space is completely filled with water.  Water within the pores is called ground water.  The upper limit of the zone of saturation is the Water table.

Water table

Porosity and Permeability Porosity is percentage of pore space. - Determines ground water storage volume. - May vary considerably over short distances.

Permeability is the ability of a material to transmit a fluid. - A measure of pore connectedness. - Some materials may have a high porosity and a low permeability.

Aquifer  Aquifer: body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily. – Examples: Sandstone, conglomerate, well-fractured limestone, bodies of sand and gravel.  Aquifer is divided into 3: – Unconfined aquifer: water table is only partly filled. – Confined aquifer: water table completely filled with water under pressure. – Perched aquifer is an aquifer that is trapped in a lens form in the underground.

 The factors that determine if a geologic unit is an aquifer include the following: (1) The permeability must be high enough that flow can be maintained. (2) The aquifer dimensions must be great enough (i.e., there must be a significant saturated thickness) to supply water to a well (3) The quality of the water must be good enough for the intended use.

Aquiclud or Aquitard Aquiclud or Aquitard is a layer of low permeability that can store groundwater and also transmit it slowly from one aquifer to another. The term leaky confining layer is also applied to such unit. Example: Silt and clay layer, cemented sediment, and non-fractured bedrock. Aquifuge is an absolutely impermeable unit that will not transmit any water.

Aquitard

Conclusion  Aquifer: body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily.  Aquiclud or Aquitard is a layer of low permeability that can store groundwater and also transmit it slowly from one aquifer to another.  Aquifuge is an absolutely impermeable unit that will not transmit any water.