(1864) The War And Its Heroes 2a5h4n

\

X

THE

WAR AND

ITS

HEROES.

ILLUSTRATED.

RICHMOND:

AYRES

Sc

1864.

"WADE

Entered according

to the

Act of Congress,

AYRES

&

in the year 18G4,

by

WADE,

Jn the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Confederate States for the Eastern District of Virginia.

PREFACE The of "

Publishers, with

The

War and

its

much

diffidence, present to the public the first

Heroes."

of which

in our

it is

it is

commemorative.

which requires no apology, the struggle

last six

its

readers. all

is

incomplete

being incomplete.

That

is

The Publishers

may

an

base their confidence of

its

or

more volumes, each of which

stances will

will

its

it

to the country as

truth.

The

series will consist of four

be issued in as rapid succession as circum-

The engravings have been executed with

permit.

a

and from which the historian may

find pleasure,

gather information with assurance of

docs is

kind reception on the merit of accuracy, and they give record in which the reader

a fact

it

not appear in the flashing garb of enameled paper, and blue and gold, incident which anticipates excuse.

who

months of the great struggle

That the work itself

volume

however, appear to mag-

issued at this time are patent to

midst through even the

in part

not,

work by begging the indulgence of

nify the imperfections of the

The circumstances under which have lived

They would

care and skill,

and are takeu from special photographs obtained by the Publishers themselves.

The

biographical sketches, which accompany them, are

reports is

and private information from the most

made up from official The enterprise

reliable sources.

one which has long been held in contemplation, and at an early period of

last

year a revision of data was commenced, with a view to the speedy publication of the work.

The

of affairs delayed

interruptions and disappointments consequent upon the state

however, and

it

await the consummation of

would

lication

still

its

appearance was postponed.

Were we

to

the arrangements which had been made, the pub-

all

be delayed for several months, but we prefer to commence

with the opening of Spring, and take a

fair start

with the early birds of the

new books, even though it be at the expense of having to garb less inviting than our own taste would desire. The succeeding

proverbial season of

appear

in a

volumes

will excel the present

we commit

the First

Volume

one in this respect.

to the

Reader.

With

this brief explanation

INTRODUCTION '•

The

living

and

the

We

dead arc hac!"

how many

ask ourselves in vain

of those whose immortality await fruition in the touch of death will have taken their places in the halls of the Eternal ere the concluding volumes of our

are given to the world.

^ Our

golden

its

But we have seen the

smiles of the Future. characteristics.

Hope, with

heroism which dares, that

fire

leader

is

Past, and are familiar with

flags.

unnumbered graves and

In

The sympathy

almost adoration

!

its

is

—

sublime

That vast and

glisten in the

Each

this llevolution all are heroes.

His heart

not only a representative, but an impersonation.

of the Army.

work

save the

all

of soul which burns a path of fury through a

sea of terrors; stand recorded over their

memorial light of their tattered

hides from us

That courage which defends, that

brave.

soldiers are

veil,

it is

terrible

love

—

it is

the heart

is

more than love

—

it is

men which

aggregation of armed

suddenly leaped from the bosom of the South, early in the Spring of 18G1, was

and mere obedient machine.

and regular tread, as

no

pulseless, cold

it

massed on the bristling borders of the North, or moved

Its firm

in stately

columns

along the shadowless wastes " down by the sounding sea," was not the step of a " standing army."

That monstrous accumulation of human puppets

fortune of the enemy.

The animm

of independence gathered

its

fell to

the

propelling

force in every breast of the great uprising mass of Southern patriots, and sent

them, with

resistless

momentum, forward, everywhere,

There was no impediment

in space

— no

to

the

field

of danger.

They

quiver in the speeding nerve.

shot from point to point like comets, sweeping along the surface of the earth. will be known in the future as the spirit of Then came Sumter, and Bethel, and Manassas.

This

'61.

The

tufted green of patri-

archal pines that had peacefully nodded in the winds of eighty

whose cushioned surface had shone

slopes of velvet verdure on

summers

for

many

;

the

a year

the starry tracks of angels, over which the bee and fairy butterfly swam, in

the fragrant, sunny air; the weird and perfumed thicket, and the

and shadowy and secluded

;

and the innumerable

fields

the haunted solitudes and romance-breathing streams

immaculate that

hung

legions

;

illusions,

in haloes

—threw

off their

and breathed the sulphurous atmosphere of War.

;

and

sweet Peace,

around the flashing, unencrimsoued bayonets of our hero-

Peace, that whispered in the music of the sea and stayed the crash of

the yet impending conflict; Peace, that stole battle,

and smiled, transfigured,

and

was the

it

mossy

dell,

of laughing grain

summer and

star of

Phage'

in the

dawn

It fell

its

silvery

way along the eve of

of victory, fled.

annng the

A

star

had

visions of the past.

fallen,

The

the winter rolled away, grim with death but bright with triumph « ;

o

;

INTRODUCTION.

Then

to Southern arms.

The

a year of disaster

v

came and red

gleam shone horrible with visions of dismay, distress and shame, and

lurid

the pain went

home

to

Another

myriads of Southern hearts.

threshold of the fourth to look back through the vista of sacred scenery, the features of the dead

Animate

iu death, in

palled in the

first

Manassas,

falls

turn from the

and view, amidst

and cheek and arm, and

Bee and Bartow

blooming prairies of Kentucky another- battle noble Zollicoefer

fire,

!

battle front, gory on breast

smoke of the

year, grand with

We

swept in full-orbed "lory by.

victories, terrible iu carnage,

its

up the horizon.

fires lit

" rides

lie.

Upon

the

upon the storm," and the

expiring under the very gaze of the exultant foe.

Still

deeper on the distance of the West, under a storm of lead, brave men, mingling

with their

whose

allied brothers of the forest,

mourn over 3IcCulloch and McImv.se, beneath their

priceless blood the thirsty sod drinks in

a martyr

sublime in deeds, almost invulnerable, pour out their chivalrous

feet.

At

Shiloh

In the mountainous wilds of Northern Virginia, the Amibys,

falls.

Wise

— death — and

dies iu triumph,

Latane

in

''other choice" of heroes

the brave and brilliant

arms of Stuart's men

But wept by

The young and

life.

accepts, on the treacherous shores of lionnokc Island, that

in the

falls

though a captive; and

the deadly fray that illuminates the

charge at Hanover.

the very stars of Heaven, that trembled as they looked

upon

those midnight flashes in the Wilderness, the bleeding form of the Achilles

of the South,

Stonewall Jackson,

wandering gaze Ler

loss

—

—

a

name on which

meets, with

its

drapery of sadness, the

a country calls in vain

and

will not realize

for

"she re thee

as one

Lo: g loved, but for a season gone For thee her Poet's lyre is wreathed, ;

Her marble wrought, her mu3ic breathed; For thee she riDgs her birth-day bells; For thee her babe's

first

lisping tells

For thine her evening prayer

is

:

said

At palace couch and cottage bed

Her

soldier, closing with the foe,

Gives for tby sake a deadlier blow; His plighted maiden,

when

she fear3

For him, the joy of her young years,

Thinks

of thy fate

and checks her

tears "

The scene euds not hire; but the review becomes burthensome with sorrow. The living still must add, alas to the endless roll of death. As in the past, a fiery and uneakulating courage has marked both the men and leadeis of the Southern Army, we must anticipate for the future many and costly sacrifices. !

We

have many, as the record of these pages well

and

inspire the charge; but none, none to spare.

length along,

all will

jet trust that

it

be needed, and though

will be in their

it

attest, yet to

As

adorn the

the war drags

its

field

slow

seems not iu their nature, wo

power, to husband their courage and succeed.

CONTENTS. PACK General Samuel Cooper

17

General Robert Edward Lee

21

Lieutenant-General Thomas Jonathan Jackson

Major John Singleton Mosby

27 t

35

Major-General "Wade Hampton

43

Major-General Gustavus Woodson Smith

4T

Lieutenant-General James Longstreet

50

Lieutenant-General Ambrose Powell Hill

54

Lieutenant-General Richard

56

S.

Eweil

Major John Pelham

60

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston

67

Brigadier-General James H. Lane

74

Lieutenant-General John C. Pemberton

76

Commodore George

N. Hoiiins

Lieutenant-General John B.

Hood

78

81

Major-General T. C. Hindman

84

Major-General Martin Luther Smith

86

GENERAL SAMUEL COOTER.

GENERAL SAMUEL COOPER.

The world has it

seen but one Crcsar and one Napoleon, nor

another of either for ten centuries to come.

will see

already organized, and provided with

them

—

camp

are

with, at least, tolerable ability.

originate armies out of the mass of a population

pline of the

probable that

it

when armies

the weapons and munitions of war,

all

there will always be found generals to lead

To

is

Yet,

to create the munitions of

unused

war out of

to the

stern disci-

literally

nothing

—

to

form soldiers out of a population brave indeed, but undisciplined and impatient of restraint

—

this

a task quite as difficult as to lead

is

The mind

have been once organized. as the

mind that conceived the

them

to victory after

that accomplishes this

battle of Pharsalia, or that planned the over-

throw of the Russians and Austrians

at Austerlitz.

Carnot possessed this faculty in a high degree, and so does the general,

whose services

it

is

illustrious

the purpose of this sketch to illustrate.

much

proper to remark, that the task accomplished by Carnot was

regular troops, which had been employed by the King, and which had

most

levies

He

sort.

came out of

was obliged

The

ranks.

its

if

we had had

it

neither

money

had no advantage

to

so profoundly as to the

to the field,

we were

for

and has been constantly victorious ever

General Cooper

is

all

a native of the State of

when only

Academy

The

at

West

Point.

the amazement

It

since. it

is

one of

is

due more

to

fifteen

New

York.

He

was born

years old, entered

in the

the Military

period of study was not so long at that time as

now, so that he graduated in 1815, and received his commission of second

lieutenant of light artillery,

He

to

other persons combined.

year 1708, and in 1813,

it is

utterly destitute of

Yankees, a powerful army wa& created,

the miracles of history, and the credit of having wrought

General Cooper than to

of

buy, nor access to the proper markets,

To the amazement of the whole world, and

it.

of no portion of

was led

we had

latter

artillery, small arms, horses, the

to create all

in fact

every thing, and

come

might be formed into an army, and many of 's

illustrious soldiers

— army, means of feeding the men, every thing —

the

all

This body afforded a nucleus around

over to the Republic, to begin with.

which the new

It is

easier than

The former had an army of 150,000

by General Cooper.

that accomplished

they

at least as rare

is,

by brevet, on the 11th of December of that

became second lieutenant

in

1817, and when,

organized, he was retained in the rank he then held.

in ,

year.

1821, the army was re-

He

became

first

lieutenant,

during the same year, of the Third Artillery; and, in 1824, was transferred to

THE

13 the Fourth.

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

In 182*, he became aide-de-camp to General Macomb, and con-

In 1831, he was appointed captain,

tinued to serve in that capacity until 1830.

faithful service ten years in one grade."

In 1836, he became a

In 1847, he was made brevet major of the

staff (assistant adjutant-

by brevet, "for fall captain.

general), and, in 1848, brevet colonel of the

staff,

" for meritorious conduct,"

particularly in the performance of his duties in the prosecution of

tlie

Mexican

war.

In 1852, General Cooper, whose peculiar talent had become widely known

to the

army aud the

Into that

office,

public, was appointed adjutant-geueral of the United States.

he was brought directly and continually

present President of the Confederate States,

United States.

of

War

to the

Doubtless President Davis soon discovered his extraordinary

qualifications for that office, if

quences were most beneficial principles

into with the

when Secretary

to

he was ignorant of them before.

The

General Cooper, whose

the country.

had long been well known, resigned

conse-

political

his office three days after the

inauguration of Lincoln (7th March, 1SG1).

He

vices to President Davis, and, on the 10th of

March, was appointed Adjutant-

General of the Confederate States.

An army was to How ably he has

immediately offered his

ser-

lie found a Herculean task before him.

be created, furnished with every thing, and taught accomplished his task

let

the noble army

now

to fight.

in the field

and

the proud military attitude of the country testify.

General Cooper

is

the compiler of a work on tactics, designed for the use

of the militia of the United States.

It

acquainted with the subject of which

it treats.

all

our generals.

is

highly spoken of by those

He

is

who

are

the highest in rank of

G3NERAL ROBERT EDWARD

LEE,

GENERAL ROBERT EDWARD

The achievements

this

of

LEE.

distinguished officer form the most remarkable

chapter, not only in the history of the present gigantic war, but, in some

To

respects, in the entire annals of war.

volume even larger than

dotail

them minutely would

and we, therefore, leave

this,

a.

In the halcyon days, which we opine are not far distant,

future historian.

the student of history will delight to dwell upon them, even as

from oblivion any

to find rescued

fill

this agreeable task to the

little

we

delight

circumstance of early youth in which

Napoleon or Washington was concerned. llobert

Edward Lee

He

Lees. better

is

known

is

a

member

of the old historical family of Westmoreland

Henry Lee,

the youngest son, by a second marriage, of General to history

his soubriquet of "

by

Light Horse Harry," the friend

and confidant of Washington, and the author of one of the most pleasant tories ever written

He

by a Virginian.

was born

at Stratford, in

his-

Westmoreland

county, in 1806, in the same house and in the same chamber in which Richard

Henry Lee and Francis Light foot Lee, two

signers of the Declaration of Inde-

pendence, were born.

He first

entered

West

Point, as a cadet from his native State, in 1825.

day of his entrance he took the head of his

class,

and kept

it

On

the

until

he

graduated in 1829, having never been marked with a demerit, or been subjected to a reprimand, or received

any other species of punishment whatever, during

the whole time of his residence.

Having graduated

at the

head of his

class,

he

Was, of course, selected for service in the corps of topographical engineers, which

was always

new

field

from the ranks of the highest graduates.

filled

hear no more of him until 1835, for

He

entered upon his

of duty in July, 1829, with the brevet rank of second lieutenant.

fixing the

boundary

line

when he was appointed

between Ohio and Michigan.

lieutenant in September, 1836, and captain in July, 1838.

chief engineer in the

army

of

General Wool, in Mexico.

We

assistant astronomer

He became

first

In 1845, he was

In 1847, he was bre-

vetted major, for "gallant and meritorious conduct" in the battle of Cerro

Gordo, fought April 18th, 1847.

He

received a second brevet for " gallant and

meritorious conduct" in the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco, and was lieutenant-colonel

by brevet.

For gallant and meritorious conduct

now

in the battle

of Chapultepec, where he was wounded, on the 1st September, 1852, he was

appointed superintendent of the Military Academy. that post

we do

not

know; but we

How

long he continued in

find him, in 1858, lieutenant-colonel of the

— WAR AND

THE

22

ITS HEROES.

famous regiment of cavalry of which Albert Sydney Johnston was colonel, and as such highly distinguishing himself in the desperate fight with the Indians

much excitement

the prairies of Texas, which created so

on

Nor do

at the time.

we know how he came to be at Washington at the time of John Brown's attempt at insurrection ; but we Jo know that he was sent by President Buchanan, with a

body of marines,

Such

to capture that outlaw,

and that he did

it.

a brief outline of the services rendered to the old United States by

is

Bobert E. Lee duriug the long period of thirty years. In the old army he was believed by be,

superiority, indeed,

in

all officers,

by many degrees, the most accomplished

by

was so incontestable, that

When

any quarter.

time,

campaign

his

Westtfn Virginia,

observed that

States,

army, each

that, in the old

officer

injustice

was done

all,

that, if

way

cient old

He

to the genius of this anecdote, loss of

Scott

coxcomb, u

excepted."

is

well known.

might very well say

Lee he owed the

Lee more than that of

He

him.

army Lee

first

man

in

the ser-

he would prove what he

The

opinion entertained self-suffi-

the other

all

him

might

be true, as has often been said, that

he had reaped

in

Mexico.

Whether

known that he regretted the officers, when Lee determined to

false, it is well

birth, as well

and that he made the most strenuous have attempted

General Lee

in its daily revolution ujpon it axis.

is

to roll

back the earth

the most thorough of

all

Virginian in sentiment and feeling, his father's son could scarcely

Virginians.

but he

;

is

more thoroughly Virginian than could be expected even

from a person born and connected

he has been heard at the very

the

"Lee," said that vain and

so, if it

laurels

however, be true or

efforts to retain

General

to

the greatest military genius in America, myself not

is

stand by the land that gave

avoid being

;

that would silence scepticism forever.

him by General

in the

perfectly understood the calibre of every

—that Lee was, by the acknowledgment of an opportunity were afforded him vice — and of

for the

now

years an officer in the old

other

was, in a

His

whole army.

excited no jealousy whatever

a distinguished officer,

many

service of Virginia, but heretofore for

of the United

it

had been somewhat impaired

his reputation

in

almost without exception to

soldier in the

head

to say,

of his

Governor of Virginia.

like himself.

So intense

is

this feeling, that

even since his wonderful successes have placed him

Age, that he had but one ambition, and that was to be any future event could

It was, therefore, as certain as

be, that as soon as Virginia seceded,

he would go along with her.

She did

secede in April, 1S01, and, a few days after, her Convention appointed

Commander-in-Chief of her

forces.

He

him

Bichmond about the 25th commission in the old army some

arrived in

of April, having sent in his resignation of his

time before. It may be General Lee immediately entered upon the duties of his office. presumed that they were of the most arduous character; but difficulties disapHe peared beneath his fingers, as though they had been dissolved by magic.

had an army

to organize

and

drill,

the taaterials of war to create almost out of

nothing, the troops to arm, clothe and feed, after they had been collected, and

THE WAR

AN'D ITS HEROES.

23 more imme-

the duties of a minister of war to discharge, in addition to his

all

diate duties of General-in-Chief.

It

impossible, for the want of materials, to

is

furnish an of his istration between the time of entering upon his office

and that of turning the army of Virginia over

When

Confederacy.

to the

we

the difficulties with which he was surrounded are taken into consideration, feel

convinced that his services will bear a comparison with those of Carnot, or

"When President Davis made

any other war minister that ever existed.

appointments of generals, he was the third on the first

his

General Cooper being

list;

The appointments were made with

and General Sydney Johnston second.

reference to the rank held by each officer in the old army.

After the defeat and death of General Garnett, General Lee was appointed

by President Davis ments enough ensued

it is

take

to

command

August he repaired

early part of

of our forces in

to his

to swell his force to

through any fault of the General to decide.

The hopes of

On

16,000 men.

not our purpose to dwell.

impossible,

skill

have

failed,

whether

conflicting statements,

when he

When,

unbounded.

to

among

the people were very high

and their confidence in his

In the

reinforce-

the short campaign which

known

It is well

it is

Western Virginia.

command, carrying with him

command,

took

campaign

therefore, the

resulted in a failure, there was no measure to the indignation of the country.

President Davis, however,

who

formed

facts in his possession,

a

is

himself a military man, and had the whole

very different opinion of the case from any that

had been formed by those who knew nothing but what had been gathered from

He

the newspapers.

acquitted Gcueral Lee thoroughly, and that acquittal must

be considered decisive.

It

was not so considered at the time, however, by the

General Lee's military reputation

people.

fell

immeasurably, and from one of

the most popular generals in the service he became decidedly unpopular.

'

His

case presents one of the strongest examples on record of the folly and injustice

man by

of judging any

the standard of popular appreciation.

Had he

not -had

an opportunity afforded him of proving what he really was, he would have gone

down

to

command

posterity as an inefficient officer, entirely unequal to the

of

even a brigade.

Immediately on his return from this unsuccessful campaign, General Le e

was appointed centre. ill

His

to

command

skill as

in the military district of

which Charleston

success as Commander-in-Chief; and he was expected to put

in fortifying the city

and harbor of Charleston.

Having accomplished

this object,

effect

He

it

upon the country was depressing

Whether

control

in one

to

It

was

Congress, at

in the extreme.

have placed General Lee

which gave him,

and direction of the war.

It

to occur.

Lee Com-

was vetoed by the President we do not

this act

know, but he seems of his own accord almost equivalent;

practice

in

Kentucky and Tennessee began

that time in session, ed a t resolution appointing General

mander-in-Chief.

the

succeeded completely.

General Lee returned to Richmond.

soon after this that our disasters in

Their

is

an engineer had never been doubted, notwithstanding his

in a position

in fact, the largest share in the

was probably owing

to his

advice that the

WAR AND

THE

24

ITS HEROES.

policy of concentration was adopted as the only one inferior forces to contend successfully with the

We

now come

huge

that could enable our

levies of the

commencement of General Lee's

to the real

Yankees.

career, a career so

among the greatest captains The army of McClellan was around Richmond. commencement of the Peninsula campaign, 108,000 strong.

brilliaut as to establish

his claim to be reckoned

that have risen in the world. It

had been,

It

had suffered severely

at the

numbered, according

in battle,

and more severely

best estimate

to the

still

make,

to

Still it

at least

General Johnston had gained a great victory at Seven Pines,

130,000 men.

but the country was deprived of his services at this severe

from disease.

we have been able

wound which he had received

critical

juncture by the

President Davis believed

in that battle.

that nobody could so well supply his place as General Lee, and he was accord-

ingly ordered to take the

command.

a glance, that the siege of

enemy out of the formidable works and he immediately

set

in

He

did so on the 1st of June.

saw, at

raised without beating the

which they had entrenched themselves,

about devising the means to accomplish

done we leave the future historian icle

He

Richmond could not be

to describe.

How

it.

was

it

It suffices our purpose to chron-

In the course of one week, General Lee, by a series of combi-

the result.

nations unsured in,the history of war, had succeeded in beating the

enemy

out of a succession of fortifications of the most formidable character, had driven

him from around Richmond, fears for the safety of

enemy was no

and had relieved

all

That he did not completely destroy the

fault of his.

General Lee liant almost

to a place thirty miles below,

the capital.

is

the most successful general of the age.

His exploits are

When we

man who commands

beyond example.

immense army,

it is

say this of a

bril-

an

Nothing but

supererogatory to say anything of his talents.

genius of the highest order can conceive the combinations necessary to insure the uninterrupted success of so large a host, over an

In

force.

all

an uncommon stock of general information. military glance, and

it

— —

live feet ten

is

greatly superior in

Withal he

is

is

aflTd

men

has besides

as quick as his

one of the most unpre-

in his

manners

— very

in private life.

inches high, was eminently handsome in his youth,

the finest looking days,

rarely deceives.

His judgment

men in the world a thorough gentleman who approach him and extremely amiable

tending to all

enemy

departments of science his acquirements are great,

He

affable

is

about

is still

one of

in the army, rides like a knight of the old crusading

indefatigable in business, and bears fatigue like a

man

of iron.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON.

THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON.

LIEUT. GEN.

Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born January rison county, Virginia.

21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Har-

His great grandfather, an Englishman by

grated to the western portion of Virginia; and

birth, emi-

Edward Jackson, grandfather

of the general, was surveyor of Lewis county for a long time, representing the Legislature.

it

in

His son, Jonathan Jackson, father of the general, moved

to

Clarksburg, where he studied and commenced the practice of law with his cousin,

John G. Jackson, acquiring considerable

Neal, a daughter of

embarrassed

in

Thomas

Neal, of

his circumstances

penniless.

left

daughters

"When he

These childien were four

—Thomas, the

reputation, and marrying Miss

He, however, became

county.

by going security

property was eventually swept away.

were

Wood

for friends,

and

all

his

died, in 1827, his children

number

in

— two

sons and two

subject of this sketch, being the youngest, and at the

time but three years old. •

The

soil so rich

But

and auspicious

by honest

toil for

and faculties

ample soul.

fruits in a

The young

haunts of pleasure or the frivolous pursuits of youths gene-

turn his attention to the more ennobling aims of

which he was

to

which

his father

he was taken

at that place

had been born

Here he labored on the farm

—

—the

and

fit

himself

until

to the

home

of an uncle in

family homestead of the Jack-

he reached the age of seventeen.

summer and went

in

life,

secure his great fame.

after the death of his parents

Lewis county, and remained son*, in

growth of the human

to the finer

hard

to learn the

the neglect of fortune, and, instead of frittering away his time

in the

for that career in

Soon

life

early learned, bore

this lesson, thus

taught from the very commencement of his earthly career to make up

man was

rally, to

upon the very threshold of

child was thus left

lesson of poverty.

to school three

winter, gaining the rudiments of a plain English education

months

—what he

in the

acquired

subsequently was due to his stay at "West Point and his ultimate studies at the Virginia Military Institute. to

His habits of

have been grave and serious

He

complete.

secured

among the

and every

way

even at this early age, are said

in the

management

and

of the farm, and soon

residents of the county a high character for industry, intel-

His orphan condition excited great sympathy among the

who knew and

respected the good character of the Jackson family,

assistance was rendered

in life

life,

his discharge of every duty conscientious

assisted his uncle

ligence and probity.

neighbors,

—

him

in his struggle to carve out his

and secure an honorable independence.

A

own path-

proof of this friendly

THE

28 sympathy

is

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

contained in the fact that, at the age of sixteen, he was elected

constable of the county of Lewis, the duties of which office he discharged with intelligence

The

and

credit.

inclinations of the

young man seem, however,

Some

towards arms as a profession. probably developed believe, as

we

itself in

is

p:i rt

and

appear

he was eventually

certain that

to

—but

have in the assertion of Southern

he

Washington, on

set out for

an appointment as cadet at West Point.

through the instrumentality of some

who

those

events,

all

have been the means of

to

to

human fitting him

hand than man's shapes

young Jackson found himself impelled toward a

at the ago of seventeen

possible,

the grave and serious youth

do, that a mightier

this early inclination will

grand

have pointed out early

to

hereditary instinct of his family for war

for the

liberties.

It

military career,

foot, to secure, if

This he was enabled

to

do

and he entered upon his

political friends,

studies there in 1842.

In July, 184(5, at the age of twenty-two, he graduated with distinction, was brevetted second lieutenant, and immediately ordered to report for duty in

Mexico, under General Taylor. Scott took the

field,

He

when he was

served under that commander until General

command

transferred to the

His military career was distinguished and

his

of the

promotion rapid.

latter.

In August,

1847, he was made first lieutenant in Magruder's battery; brevetted captain for " gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco,"

August 20th, 1847, (August, 1818,) and brevetted major " meritorious conduct

No

(March, 1849.) rapidly as the

for

the battle of Chepultepec," September

in

and

gallant

13th,

1S47,

other officer had so distinguished himself and risen so

young Virginian.

The unknown youth

had, in this brief space

of time, attracted the attention of his generals, and become one of the most

promising young

The

officers

of the army.

climate of the country had, however, told powerfully upon a frame at no

time very robust.

His health became so impaired that he was unable

to dis-

charge his duties, and, with the high sense of honor which marked his character, he, on the conclusion of peace, resigned his commission, (February 29th, 1852.)

Returning Institute,

he obtained a professorship

to Virginia,

and continued in the performance

of

the Virginia Military

Soon after entering upon

position until the breaking out of the present war.

his duties at the Military Institute,

in

the important duties of this

he married Miss Junkin, daughter of the

Rev. Dr. Junkin, principal of the Washington College.

This lady and her

children died, and he was afterwards married to Miss Morrison, of North Carolina

—

his only living child, a daughter, born shortly before his death, being the

sole issue of this marriage.

It

is

said that, while in Mexico, a battery of the

of shot aud shell

down

They remained under venture forth.

a road, along

enemy was pouring

which he wished

cover, out of the

fire,

shaken

his

men

in nerve

This was excessively distasteful and mortifying

commander, and, leaving them, he advanced

to the road,

to

a storm

advance.

and fearing to their

to.

young

and calmly walked

up.

— THE WAR

AN'D ITS HEROES.

and down among the plunging shot and this

nothing

is

It will

—jou

see they can't hurt

29

"Come

shell, calling out, coolly,

on

me!"

thus he seen that, either from native courage or that sentiment of

predestination alluded

to,

young Jackson had already acquired the dauntless

nerve and coolness which afterwards rendered him so famous.

The penetrating amid the heavy

fire

eyes of Napoleon, had he seen that youth calmly walking of the enemy's artillery, and declaring coolly that

much

not*hurt him," would have discerned that this

The

young man would "go

first

position,

we

Grounds,

in

secession, in

he was ordered

it

"could

have understood

after the secession

of instruction at the Fair

He, however, did not remain long

first

which we were about

by General Jackson,

commandant of the camp

Richmond.

— would

far."

believe, held

of Virginia, was that of

Having received the

in his face

in

this position.

commission issued by the State after her

colonel's

where he would be of more use

to a point

to

the cause

Accordingly, on the 3d of May, 1861, he

to engage.

command at Harper's Ferry, and coutinued in that position until the 23d when he was relieved by General Joseph E. Johnston. Jackson was then assigned to the command of the infantry of the army of the Shenandoah. took

of May,

General Johnston, after taking comm-ind, assigned to Colonel Jackson the important duty of checking the Yankee General Patterson in his advance. That

duty was performed

In his

country. said

"

to

the entire satisfaction of General Johnston and the report of the battle of

official

On

the 2d of July, General Patterson again crossed the Potomac.

Jackson, pursuant to instructions,

him

Manassas, General Johnston

:

back before him.

fell

a severe lesson in the affair at Falling Waters.

With

5th Virginia regiment (Harper's) and Pendleton's battery of

engaged the enemy's advance.

Skilfully taking a position

Colonel

In retiring, he gave a battalion of the field artillery,

he

where the smallness

of his force was concealed, he engaged them for a considerable time, inflicted a

heavy

loss,

but bringing

and retired when about off

Shortly after this it

to

be outflanked, scarcely losing a man,

forty-fee prisoners." affair,

Colonel Jackson was

made

a Brigadier-General,

and

was understood that the promotion was in consequence of his conduct

at

Falling Waters.

But

it

was at the battle of Manassas that Jackson was

fullest extent, those heroic qualities of

tion

which characterized him, and

latter

months of

At

his

life,

to

to

display, in their

stubborn courage and dauntless resoluarouse that enthusiasm which, in the

rendered him the idol of the popular heart.

the battle of Manassas, on the 21st of July, 1861, Jackson, with his

brigade, was placed in the rear of General Longstreet, near Blackburn's Ford,

the scene of the battle of the 18th.

name Allen

of the " ;

This force, which, on that day, won the

Old Stonewall Brigade," consisted of the 2d Virginia, Colonel

the 4th Virginia, Colonel

James L. Preston

;

the 5th Virginia, Colonel

Harper; the 27th Virginia, Lieutenant-Colonel Echols, and the 33d Virginia,

THE WAR AND

30

Cumming; numbering

Colonel

in

ITS HEROES.

2,611 of the bravest and best

all

men

of the

Valley of Virginia.

OP u STONEWALL."

nOW HE OOT THE NAME 'Twas at the

the Southern leaders " saw with

when

battle of Manassas,

first

irrepressible anguish the exhaustion of the troops, the

waning fortunes of the day,

and the countless reserves which the enemy hurled incessantly upon and weary

Among

lines.

these was the heroic General Bee, in

their thin

command of

4th Alabama and some Mississippians, who were nearly worn out by the

Bee rode up and down the

ordeal through which they had ed.

ing on the men, and beseeching them, by

the

terrible

lines, cheer-

they held dear, not to give way,

all

when he met Jackson, and said, in the bitter despair of his heart, " General, The face of the stern, silent soldi»r betrayed no they are beating us hack!" answering emotion. The keen eye glittered for an instant; the lips opened; the

he

in the curt, peculiar tones of the speaker

and

bayonet!"

Bee seemed

to

" Sir, we will give them

said,

gather new inspiration from the words; he gal-

loped back to the remnants of his command, and, fronting to Jackson, called out to his men, " There is Jackson standing like a stonewall! Let us determine

and we

to die here,

odds

Follow

will conquer.

me!"

*

*

*

Manassas, u the country had gaiued a splendid victory against enormous

At ;

and, although he did not then

which he

"There

is

Jackson standing

term which thenceforth clung lation.

known

Many

From as

it,

Jackson had gained a name with

"When the hemic Bee exclaimed,

a stonewall," he unconsciously employed a

like to

Jackson more closely than his baptismal appel-

that hot day of battle, the leader of the

"Stonewall Jackson"

—

his

command

as the

men

of the Valley was

"Stonewall Brigade."

are ignorant and few recall the fact, that the great soldier was christened

" Thomas Jonathan."

His veritable christening

that evening of Manassas,

when Bee, about

Maker, baptized him, amid blood and

On

know

forever inseparably identified.

is

fire,

in the popular heart

was on

to surrender his great soul to his

"Stonewall Jackson!"

Saturday, the 22d of April, General Jackson rapidly

moved

his

little

army from camp near Mount Jackson back to Cedar Creek, twenty-six miles, in one day, and camped there that night, making his headquarters in Strasburg, which was evacuated by the enemy the day (Sunday) he again moved forward, and his near Kernstown, about twelve o'clock.

An

before.

v

Early the next morning

artillery

opened on the enemy,

artillery duel

was kept up until

about four o'clock in the afternoon, when the enemy's infantry advanced in force,

and were met heroically by Jackson's brave

"stars and stripes"

headlong

to

the

fell,

hill.

little

band.

Three times the

and three times did our gallant troops drive the enemy

The

first

brigade (the " Stonewall ") finally came up,

and again a fresh column of the enemy was driven back, leaving the side hill

of the

black with their dead.

No

battle

has been

fought during the war against such odds and under

such trying circumstances.

With

a force not exceeding 3,500

men

—men whfc

:

WAR AND

THE had been on forced matches

ITS HEROES.

for weeks, the

re-organization in front of the

— Jackson

enemy

31

ranks thinned by the process of attacked 20,000 fresh troops,

repulsed them again and again, and so crippled the dastardly foe that he dared not, with all his number.-, follow

a "

drawn

him

Notwithstanding the great

in his retreat.

enemy themselves could claim nothing more than

disparity in their forces, the battle."

TVe next hear of the untiring hero

ani then

a short time,

back

fell

to

Run Gap, occupying

at Swift

position, with daily skir:ui>hes with the

He

enemy.

remained in

In the meantime, the enemy had

Staunton.

back down the Valley for the purpose of uniting the commands of Mc-

fallen

Dowell, Banks and Fremont.

Immediately after

this

movement on the

the enemy, Jackson, with his forces, on the 7th of May, 1861,

and on the evening of

same day the rear-guard

ffce

Shenandoah Mountain,

had advanced

falling

back before the united forces of Jackson and Johnston.

have had about 8,000

effective

On

a

Thursday, the 8th,

four hours' fighting, the

four

pursuit of Millroy,

who was

Millroy

said

is

men.

bloody fight took place between Jackson's forces and

enemy under General

the

in

part of

Staunton,

General Johnston's

forces

to

left

army encamped

of his

miles west of Buffalo Gap, fourteen miles from Staunton.

to

a strong

this position

Millroy, at Sutlinyton Hill, near McDowell.

After

enemy were completely routed and driven from

all

General Jackscn thus briefly and gracefully announced his victory:

points.

Valley District, May Via Stac.nto.v,

To General God

S.

Coopeb

9th,

May

1862,

}Q(k.

:

blessed our arms with victory at

McDowell

yesterday.

T. J.

Jackson, Mfljor-GeneraJ.

Fremont was expected did not arrive

in

time.

to

re-ioforce Millroy the

Jackson captured

of ammunition, five hundred Enfield seventy-five cavalry saddles,

in

day the

this fight

fight took place,

and Miuie muskets, from sixty

rifles

and nearly two hundred head of

cattle,

been stolen from the citizens living in the vicinity, by the Yankees. of the

enemy was supposed

After the

fight,

to

The

the remnant of Millroy's

army was

re-inforced

On

last

in an official dispatch

three days

by Fremont

from General Jackson

God

in

addition to

many

26.

has blessed our arms with brilliant success*

Friday, the Federals at Front Royal were routed, and one section of

lery,

loss

battle of "Winchester,

Winchester, May

During the

to

which had

be about 1,300.

and we hear nothing more from our gallant hero until the

which was announced

but

one hundred boxes

prisoners,

captured.

On

artil-

Saturday, Banks' main

column, whilst retreating from Strasburg to Winchester, was pierced; the rear part retreating towards Strasburg.

On

Sunday, the other part was routed

at

THE WAR AND

32

ITS

HEKOES.

At last s, Brigadier-General George H. Stuart was pursuing A large amount of them with cavalry and artillery, and capturing mauy. medical, ordnance and other stores have fallen into our hands. this place.

T. J. Jackson. After his defeat, Banks, with the remnant of his army,

The

mac. fight

fled across

The

Martinsburg were immense.

stores captured at

was the annihilation of an array from 12,000

an

to lf> 000, the capture of ;

provisions, small arms, ordnance stores, horses,

amount of

the Poto-

result of this

wagons and camp

equipage almost incredible, and the destruction of the Baltimore and Ohio road, the main artery which connects the Yankee capital with the West! took six thousand fine four hundred wagons,

—

many

splints,

stores of every imaginable

amputating instruments, chloroform, oranges, lemons, dried

man

fresh cheese, every luxury a sick

Colonel Ashby, hearing of

salt,

horses, twelve pieces of artillery, (three being rifled

$100,000 worth of medicines, hospital

Parrot, guns,)

kind

Jackson

two thousand muskets, six hundred sacks of

rifles,

fruits,

could desire, and clothes without limit.

many Yankee

who had

sutlers

recently set

up

their

sho;^ in the country, seized them and loaded two hundred wagons with the plunder.

but

all

A

portion of the captured stores

had

be destroyed in our retreat,

to

the*guns and medicines were saved.

General Jackson followed Banks in his retreat, striking a blow wherever

He

opportunity offered, until he reached the Potomac. the combined forces of the

endeavoring

to get in his rear.

a stand at Port Republic, in

South

then turned to meet

enemy under Fremont, Shields and Dix, who were

He

back

fell

this side of

Rockingham county,

Winchester, making

a short distance this side of

river.

Sunday morning, the 8th columns, and

made an

of Juue, 18G2, the

attack

— Fremont being

After a short

against Jackson.

conflict,

cuemy

crossed the river in two

pitted against Ewell,

and Shields

Freemont was completely routed and

hotly pursued by Ewell, while Jackson held Shields in check, and was pressing

him

against the Shenandoah.

The

following characteristic dispatch was received

from Jackson announcing the victory: Neati Port Republic, 0(h,

Via Staunton, June 10th, 1862.

To

S.

Cooper, Adjutant-General:

Through God's

blessing, the

enemy near Port Republic was

this

day

routed, with the loss of six pieces of his artillery.

[Signed]

T. J.

Jackson,

Major-Geuerat Commanding.

The

old hero, after giving the astute

art of war, left

victorious

army

them

in a different direction.

the ball opens in front of Richmond. darkest hour and

Yankee generals

fortifying against his advance,

moment

—

We At

a severe lesson in the

and proceeded with

his

hear nothing more from him until

the battle of Gaines' Mill

at that period in the day's fight

when

—

the

in the

enemy

— WAR AND

THE had almost succeeded

woods

in the

in flanking us

Volley upon volley

!

is

ITS HEROES.

on the

left

—

33

great con Vernation

heard

in

rapid succession, which

"It

is

Jackson, " they

recognized and cheered by our men.

and were getting

Jackson had moved

in his rear.

ing to head the retreating

fast,

"on our

aud was now endeavor-

Just as the sun was about

foe.

announcing

battle

—

courier

a

Providence of God," Jacksou had fallen

that, ''through the

upon the retreating column, broken

West

the

to sink in

just as the last volleys are indistinctly heard in the enemy's rear

The

once

at

is

shout,

Yes, two or three brigades of Jackson's army had flanked the enemy,

right!"

arrives,

heArd

is

and captured three hundred prisoners.

it,

was won, and the exhausted heroes, who had remained

to strike the

wrap their martial cloaks around them, and quietly sleep upon

finishing blow,

the field of battle.

Several carefully prepared biographies of General Jacksou having already

— Major

Cooke's

we deem

it

been published, (to one of which contained in this brief sketch,) details, and, therefore,

come

to the

—we

much

are indebted for

unnecessary

closing chapter in the

to enter into further life

of this great aud

good man.

2Mb

was at the battle of Chancellorsville, on the

It

conflict

enemy

nf April, 1863, after the

was over, when Jackson himself had said " the danger is

that the chieftain turned from the front, and, accompanied by his

back, in a

trot,

toward his own men.

nine or ten o'clock at night

— the

Unhappily little

in the darkness

sudden volley into them with the most lamentable

a

Boewell, of General Jackson's

was

staff,

—

staff, it

rode

was now

body of horsemen was mistaken

Federal cavalry charging, and the regiments on the right and fired

over, the

is all

routed," aud he had given the order for A. P. Hill " to press on,"

killed,

left

Captain

results.

and borne into our

for

of the road

by

lines

his

horse; Colonel Crutchfield, chief of artillery, was wounded; and two couriers

were

killed.

General Jackson received one

below the shoulder

t, shattering the

ball in

his left arm.

two inches

bone and severing the chief artery; a

second ed through the same arm, between the elbow and wrist, making exit through

the palm of the hand

;

a third ball

hand, about the middle, and, ing through, broke two of the bones.

from his horse, aud was caught by Captain Wormley,

my

wounds are by

The

firing

my own

was responded

its

entered the palm of his right

to

whom

lie

fell

he said, "All

men." to

by the enemy, who made

a

sudden advance, and,

the Confederates falling back, their foes actually charged over Jackson's body.

He

was not discovered, however, and the Federals being driven back

he was rescued. the rear, amid a

Ready hands placed him upon heavy fire from the enemy. One

down, and the general

fell

five

fire

fire

of the litter bearers was shot

arm and injuring the

of artillery on the point was terrible.

minutes until the

in turn,

and he was borne to

from the shoulders of the men, receiving a severe

contusion, adding to the injury of the

enemy's

a litter,

side severely.

General Jacksou was

The

left for

slackened, then placed in an ambulance and carried

to the field hospital at "Wilderness

Run.

He

lost a large

amount of biood, and

THE WAR

34 at

Ax\D ITS HEROES.

one time told Dr. McGuire he thought he was dying, and would have hied

death, but a tourniquet was immediately applied.

As he was being

pulseless from the shock.

inquiries were doctor, "

On came

Do

made by the

not

tell

soldiers,

the troops I

the Thursday following, on, from

"I consider

"Who

wounds

carried from the field, frequent

all

He

still

conversed feebly, and said,

a blessing; they were given if I

me

some good and

for

could."

he continued to sink, and on Sunday morning

this time

told the

pain had ceased, but a mortal prostration

wise purpose, and I would not part with them

From

He

have you there?"

am wounded."

which he never recovered.

tbese

that he could only live a few hours longer.

His mind was

it

was obvious

still clear,

however,

and he asked Major Pendleton, his adjutant-general, " who was preaching headquarters on that day

?

"

He

to die,

and

mured,

fully

and

freely.

his reply was, " Very good, very

then sent messages to in a low voice, his

all

wish

at

him during his last She informed him that he

Mrs. Jackson was with

moments, and conversed with him was about

to

For two hours he was nearly

good:

his friends, the generals

be buried in

to

'•

it is

and

all

others,

right!"

and mur-

Lexington, in the Valley of

Virginia."

His mind then began

wander, and that delirium which seizes upon the

to

most powerful minds, the most vigorous brains, the

last

sands

fall

from the

glass,

began

at the mysterious

to affect

him.

He

commissary of his corps, the surgeons, and the commanders.

words which escaped his

lips

were,

After this he speedily sank, and

he tranquilly expired.

"A.

moment, when

gave orders

Among

to the

the last

P. Hill prepare for action."

at dfteeu

minutes past three in the evening

MAJOR JOHN SINGLETON MOSBY.

Among

the daring partisans of the present war, few have rendered such

valuable services to the cause as Major

John Singleton Mosby county, Va., but nal grandson of

now

is

John

S.

Mosby.

the son of Alfred D. Mosby, formerly of Albemarle

residing in the vicinity of Lynchburg.

Mr. James McLaurine,

Sr., late of

He

is

the mater-

Powhatan county, Virginia.

His mother was Miss Virginia J. McLaurine.

The

subject of our sketch was born in

December, 1833, and was educated a

young man he was married

United States minister

At

the

to the

to Central

Powhatan county, Va., on the Gth of

at the University of Virginia.

When

quite

daughter of the Hon. Beverly Clarke,

late

America.

of hostilities between the North and South, Mosby Washington county, Va., where he was successfully engaged

commencement

resided at Bristol,

in the practice of law.

He

immediately gave up his profession, and entered

THE

36 the army as a private,

WAR AND

ITS HER0E3.

becoming a member of

county, and couimauded by Captain Jones

a

company

Washington

raised in

— now General

—

Jones

which

in

Upon the promotion of Captain Jones Virginia Cavalry, Mosby was chosen as adjutant.

tion he served for twelve months.

colonelcy of the 1st

He

posito the

continued in this position but a short time, for upon the re-organization

of the regiment, from some cause the colonel was thrown out, and consequently

Mosby was then chosen by General

his adjutant relieved of duty.

J. E. B.

Stuart as a sort of independent scout.

He in

first

attracted public attention

command

Army

of the

occasion, desiring to ascertain

to

fell

On

back from Manassas.

whether the movement of McClellan was a

march

or if he really intended to

despatched Mosby

when General Joseph E. Johnston, then

of the Potomac,

his

army

General Johustou

to the Peninsula,

Taking

gain the desired informationn.

this

feint,

men with

five

him, Mosby went in the rear of McClellan's army, where he remained some days r

spending his time in converse with the Yankee necessary information, and then

made

his

way

soldiers,

from

back

safely

to

whom

he gained

all

General Johnston's

headquarters.

During the summer of 1862, Major Mosby was sent from Hanover Courtto General Jackson, who was then on the upper Rapidan,

house on a mission

He

was the bearer of an

oral

communication, and as the route was dangerous,

had no papers about him except a brief note tity

and

reliability.

stopping at Beaver

With

Dam

this note the

station,

to serve as a

voucher of his iden-

major proceeded on his journey, and

on the Virginia Central llailroad,

to rest

and

feed his horse, was, while quietly sitting on the platform at the depot, surprised

and bagged by a detachment of the enemy's cavalry.

Now,

to

wormwood often,

be caught thus napping, in an unguarded moment, was to the brave major.

had escaped from

himself surprised thus,

He

their clutches so regularly filled

him with

up

internal rage.

sentiments toward the enemy increased in intensity.

decidedly unfriendly

— they were now

gall

and

had deceived and outwitted the enemy

so

to'that time, that to find

From

that

moment

They had been

all

his

along

They took him away with them,

bitter.

searched him, and filched his credentials, and published them as an item of interest in the

Northern papers, and immured the partisan

He

In due course of time he was exchanged.

new

satchel and an increased affection for the Yankees.

misfortunes, but set at a

down

in the

Old Capitol.

returned with a handsome

He

laughed at his

the to the credit of the enemy, to be settled

more convenient opportunity.

One

of the most daring exploits of this gallant partisan

described by the army correspondent of the " Illustrated

is

News

Previous to the 8th of March, Major Mosby had put himself to discover the strength

and positions of the enemy

design of making a raid in that direction, information brought to

Oermantown, a mile

him was

as follows

or two distant

:

if

thus graphically :"

to

much

trouble

in Fairfax county, with the

circumstances permitted.

On

The

the Little River turnpike, at

from Fairfax, were three regiments of the

THE WAR AND

commanded by Colonel Wyndhani.

•enemy's cavalry, his

•with

off,

lery

at Centreville there

was

artillery.

Fairfax Court-house, the point which the major desired

to

seemed completely blocked up with troops of

arms

all

—

infantry, artil-

If he attempted to approach by the Little River turnpike,

and cavalry.

Wyndham's

Colonel

few hundred yards of

a

And

an infantry brigade was encamped.

Thus the way

37 acting brigadier-general,

In the vicinity of Fairfax station, about

another infantry brigade, with cavalry and

to reach,

Within

headquarters at the court-house.

the town were two infantry regiments.

two miles

ITS HEROES.

meet him

troopers would

full in

front.

If he tried the

route by the Warrenton turnpike, a brigade of infantry, with cavalry to pursue

and

artillery to

thunder

at

him, was

first to

If he glided in along

be defeated.

the railroad, the brigade at Fairfax station was in his track. desperate to almost any one, however

The "situation" would have appeared

adventurous, but danger- and adventure had attractions for Major Mosby. the peril was great and the probability of success slender,

be the glory

if

And

he succeeded.

If

the greater would

all

At

the temptation was great.

Fairfax

Court-house, the general headquarters of that portion of the army, Brigadier-

General Stoughton and other

and

if these could

of high rank were there

officers

known

to be,

be captured, great wr uld be his triumph, and horrible the

consequent gnashing of teeth among the enemy.

In spite of the enormous obstacles which presented themselves in his path,

Major Mosby determined town, seizing the stores,

to

undertake no

officers in their

and bearing

less

an enterprise than entering the

beds, destroying the

off his prisoners in

huge quantities of public

triumph.

The night of Sunday, March 8th, was chosen as favorable to the expedition. The weather was infamous, the night as dark as pitch, and it was raining steadily. With a detachment of twenty-nine men, Major Mosby set out on his raid.

He made Little

his approach

from the direction of Aldie.

Paver turnpike, the main route from the

Proceeding down the

court-housv.- to the

he reached a point within about three miles of Chantilly.

mountains,

Here, turning

to

the

Frying Pan road, about half-way between Centreville and

right, he crossed the

the turnpike, keeping in the woods, and leaving Centreville well to the right.

He

was now advancing in the triangle which

Warrenton turnpikes and the Frying Pan

is

made by

road.

the Little River and

Those who are familiar with

the country there will easily understand the object of this proceeding.

thus cutting through the triangle, Major parties,

Mosby avoided

all

By

pickets, scouting

and the enemy generally, who would only keep a look out

for intruders

on the main roads.

Advancing

in this

manner through the woods, pierced with devious and

uncertain paths only, which the dense darkness scarcely enabled them to follow, the partisan and his

little

band

finally

struck into the Warrenton road, between

Centreville and Fairfax, at a point about

mid-way between the two

danger had thus been successfully avoided

—a challenge from

places.

One

parties of cavalry

WAR AND

THE

38 on the

but the

was

River road, or discovery by the force posted

Little

place was

now

in their rear; they

perils of the enterprise

had scarcely commenced. it

major determined

Advancing

resolutely,

camps, of which he had been

The major did

its

That

warders;

Fairfax Court-httuse

to essay

to enter the place

seemed des-

it.

he came within a mile and a half of the

found the way barred by a heavy

direction.

and

it

was girdled with cavalry and infantry.

Every approach was guarded, and the attempt perate, but tbe

at Centreville.

had " snaked " around

about four miles distant, and

still

ITS HEROES.

place,

when he

Directly in his path were the infantry

force.

notified,

and

not waver in

advance was checked in that

all

Making

purpose, however.

his

detour to the right, and leaving the enemy's camps far to his

left,

a

he struck

into the road leading from Fairfax southward to the railroad.

This avenue was guarded like the

knew thoroughly how

rest,

Yankees were aware of

but by a picket only; and Mosby Before the sleepy and unsuspicious

to deal with pickets.

their danger, they found pistols presented at their heads,

They surrendered

with the option of surrender or death presented to them.

immediately, were taken in charge, and, without further ceremony, Major

Mosby

and his band entered the town.

From

moment the utmost silence, energy and rapidity of action were The major had designed reaching the court-house at midnight,

that

requisite.

but had been delayed two hours by mistaking the road

now two

It was

utmost, was

left

him

to finish

morning found him anywhere cut

off,

his business

and escape before daylight.

in that vicinity,

He

affair.

accordingly

made

this

would have spoiled the

his dispositions rapidly, ened

The

complete silence, and set to work in earnest.

small band was divided

Two

into detachments, with special duties assigned to each.

detachments were sent

and

to the public stables

Another

six

to Colonel

them

Wyndham's headquarters

off

to the

him

prisoner.

sure informa-

headquarters of Brigadier-General Stoughton.

This

West

Point,

worthy was a Vermonter, and a

terrific

son of Mars; a graduate of

and a suppress-the-rebellion-in-ninety-days' man.

command

without noise.

to take

men with him, Major Mosby, who proceeded upon

went straight

to the

or three of these

fine horses of the general

Johnson's, with similar orders.

to Colonel

Taking tion,

where the

his staff officers occupied, with instructions to carry

Another party was sent

If

he knew that his retreat would be

and the whole party killed or captured, and

whole fun of the

in the pitch darkness.

o'clock in the morning, and an hour and a half, at the very

of the post, and

He

had just been assigned

much was expected from

a brigadier of such

—

a moral observation

ardor and zeal in the service.

Alas

!

how

little

control have

we over our own

which the present narrative powerfully enforces

fates

:

" 'Twas midnight, in his guarded tent

The Turk was dreaming of the hour

When

Greece, her knee in suppliance bent,

Should tremble

at his

power."

"

!

"

WAR AND

THE And,

ITS

was even then

lo! the brigadier

HEROES.

in the

39

power of that Marco Bozzaris,

" Stoughton's Bitters " came in the shape of a Confederate

Major Mosby. partisan

The major entered reposing in

chamber without much ceremony, and found him

his

the dignity and grandeur of a brigadier-general commanding,

all

Making

whose person and slumbers are sacred. "

Who

that

is

?

way toward the

his

bed, in the

him suddenly by the shoulder.

dark, the partisan shook

" growled the sleepy brigadier.

" Get up quick, I want you," responded the major.

"Do

you know who

"Do "

am," cried the brigadier,

I

/am?"

you know who

Who

are

up

bed, with a

in

Tell me, have

!

retorted the major, shortly.

you?"

" Did you ever hear of " Yes

Mosby?" you caught the

"

No; but he has caught you

"

What

does

"It means,

sir,"

you are

The

a

!"

rascal

And

the major chuckled.

the major replied, very coolly, "that Stuart's cavalry are

dead man

my

and you are

Get up and come along,

prisoner.

!

brigadier groaned in anguish of soul, but was compelled to obey, and

the partisan mounted, and placed

captured without

difficulty,

confusion, subsequently

him under guard.

and led out

made

encumbering the

staff

and escort were

their escape.

They entered

at work.

with their accoutrements,

fifty-eight horses,

and took a number of

His

but two of the former, owing to the darkness and

Meanwhile the other detachments were

The

!

mean, sir?" cried the furious brigadier.

all this

in possession of this place,

or

sitting

" I will have you arrested, sir."

scowl.

prisoners.

Hundreds

all

the stables,

belonging

of horses were

left,

to officers,

for fear of

retreat.

other parties were less successful.

Washington on the preceding day; but de-camp were made prisoners.

Colonel

Wyndham

had gone

his acting adjutant-general

to

and aide-

Colonel Johnson, having received notice

(if

ihe

presence of the party, succeeded in making his escape. It

was now about half-past three in the morning, and

Mosby, unless he relished being was barely none was

He

to

left

be

him

to get out of the lines of the

had intended

enemy before

Time

daylight,

and

to

destroy the valuable quartermaster, commissary and

the place, but these were found to be in the houses which

would have been necessary

horses and prisoners as

to

burn

;

and, even had the proceeding been

The band was encumbered by

advisable, time was wanting.

many

behooved Major

lost.

sutler's stores in it

it

killed or captured, to effecf his retreat.

it

three times as

numbered men, and day was approaching.

major accordingly made his dispositions rapidly for

The

retiring.

The prisoners, thirty five in number, were as follows Brigadier-General E. H. Stoughton ; Baron R. Wordener, an Austrian, aide-de-camp to Colonel :

tup:

40

Wyndham;

war and

Captain A. Barker, 5th

its

heroes.

New York

Wyndham's

Cavalry; Colonel

acting adjutant-general; thirty prisoners, chiefly of the 18th Pennsylvania and

Ohio Cavalry, and the telegraph operator

1st

upon the captured

horses,

and the band

These were placed

at the place.

set out in silence on their return.

Major Mosby took the same road which' had conducted him house

— that

enemy

which

led to Fairfax

But

station.

this

He

as to his line of retreat, if they attempted pursuit.

and pursued th« same road which he hud followed

into the court-

was only

to deceive

the

soon turned

off,

in advancing, coining out

the Warrenton turnpike, about a mile and a half from the town.

ou

This time,

finding no guards on the main road, he continued to follow the turnpike until

he came

woods, which crosses the road, about half a mile from

to the bo-It of

At

Centreville.

march, one of the prisoners, Captain Barker,

this point of the

no doubt counting on aid from the garrison, made a desperate

He

escape.

He

to reach the fort.

which came

He

it.

that he thought

it

advisable not to risk a repetition of

accordingly came back and gave himself up again to his enemies.

Again turning

by the

was stopped, however, by a shot from one of the party,

him

so near

to

the right, the major proceeded on his way, ing directly

beneath the frowning

saw the

effort to effect his

broke from the guards, dashed out of the ranks, and tried hard

He

fortifications.

bristling muzzles of the

sentinel on the redoubt.

cannon

ed so near them that he distinctly

and was challenged

iu the embrazures,

Making no

reply,

he pushed on rapidly

— ed within

the day was dawning and no time was to be lost

a

swam Cub Run, and

of the infantry pickets without molestation,

He

out on the Warrenton turnpike at Groveton.

—

for

hundred yards again came

had ed through

all

his

enemies, flanked Centreville, wa.s on the open road to the South; he was safe

He

had penetrated

to the very heart of the

j

enemy's position; glided through

their camps; captured their pickets; seized their officers iu bed; borne off their

horses; laughed lost a

man

The

at,

and befooled, aud outwitted them completely; and had not

in the interprise

exploits of

!

Major Mosby would furnish material

for a

volume which

would resemble rather a romance than a true statement of actual occurrences.

He

has been the chief actor in so

his memoirs, if he committed

many

them

raids, encounters

and adventures, that

would be regarded

to paper,

as the efforts

of his fancy.

The same correspondent major: His figure

is

gives the annexed pen-and-ink sketch of the gallant

slight,

muscular, supple and vigorous; his eye

is

keen,

penetrating, ever on the alert; he wears his sabre and pistol with the air of

a

man who

sleeps with

them buckled around

habitually, almost unconsciously.

The major

is

dangerous on a scout, hard to outwit, and prone

he

is

least expected,

and bang away with

pistol

his waist,

and handles them

a determined to

man

in a charge,

"turn up" suddenly where

and carbine.

MAJOR-GENERAL WADE HAMPTON.

MAJOR-GENERAL WADE HAMPTON

Wade Hampton was

Major-General

His

Carolina, in the year 1818.

born in the city of Charleston, South

Wade Hampton, was

father, Colonel

a dis-

tinguished officer in the war of 1812 and an aide-de-camp to General Jackson at the battle of

New

He

Orleans.

South Carolina, distinguished

was an eminent and esteemed citizen of

and

as an enlightened

liberal agriculturist,

and

greatly respected for his elevated and pure character as a man.

The mother

of the subject of our sketch was Miss

daughter of Christopher Fitz Simmons, for

number of years

of the Revolution, and for a

Anne

Simmons,

Fitz

years a merchant of Charles-

Wade Hampton,

His grandfather was General

ton city.

many

a distinguished officer

a prominent citizen of South

Carolina.

The

present General

Hampton, who,

it

will

be seen, descended from a long

line of military heroes, received his education at the

where he graduated, with much quite a

South Carolina College,

distinction, at a very early age.

young man, he was married

to

While yet

the youngest daughter of General

Francis Preston, of Virginia, by which union he had three children

them

gallant

young

name which they

bear.

—two

of

the Confederate army, and worthy the military

officers in

The present

wife of General

Hampton

is

the only

daughter of Governor McDuffie, of South Carolina. Previous

Hampton devoted

the present war, General

to'

tion almost exclusively to planting,

his time

and with much success.

He

and atten-

has,

however,

served in both branches of the South Carolina Legislature, and gave evidence of intellectual qualities which promised high distinction.

His argument against

the opening of the African slave trade was spoken of as a master-piece of elegant

and statesmanlike

by the noblest sentiments of the Christian and

logic, dictated

patriot.

At

# commencement of

the

between the North and the South,

hostilities

General Hampton, under authority of the President, raised a splendid legion, and, with

and

The

it.

efficient

wounded

and characteristic

profuse

equipping

legion was

part in the

liberality,

marched

first

battle

contributed

to Virginia in

of

Manassas.

largely towards

time to take an active

General

Hampton wascommand

in the head, during this battle, while gallantly leading his

into action.

Throughout

f all

the subsequent campaigns in Virginia, he took a prominent

past, receiving a severe

wound

at

Seven Pines.

After the batttles around

THE

44

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

Hichniond, .he was promoted to the position of brigadier-general of cavalry •under Major-General J. E. B. Stuart, in

which

position

he has been untiring,

and has attracted the attention of the entire Confederacy.

He

has since had

the rank of major-general conferred upon him by the President.

In the desperate

wounds

— one

fight

in the hip

at

Gettysburg, General

Hampton

received

three

from a shrapnel and two sabre cuts in the head

—

all

severe, but, fortunately for his country, not fatal.

General Hampton's family residence

known by

all

is

in

Columbia, South Carolina, and

is

Southerners as the abode of true Southern hospitality, and as one

of the handsomest places in the entire South.

SIAJOR-GENETIAL GUSTAVUS WOODSON SMITH.

—

MA J. GEN. GUSTAVUS WOODSON SMITH,

General Gustavus "Woodson Smith was born on the 1st day of January, 1822,

His parents were both natives of

near Georgetown, Scott county, Kentucky.

His grand-parents

the same county.

— paternal

and maternal

— removed

from

men

Eastern Virginia to Kentucky in the time of Daniel Boone, whilst the red still

disputed with the whites for possession of their favorite hunting-ground

He

the far-famed " Blue Grass District."

is

by lineage, education and habits

a thorough Kentuckian.

Through the

influence of Colonel Rjchard

Bodes Smith, the paternal grandfather of the subject of

political friend of

sketch, Gustavus States Military

M. Johnson, then Vice President

the close neighbor and life-long personal and

who was

of the United States,

W. Smith

Academy

in 1838., and, at the

end of six months, had established

a reputation for ability of no ordinary character,

matics in a class reported to be equal,

West

On

this

was appointed a cadet, and entered the United

if

and was placed

first iu

mathe-

not superior, to any ever graduated at

Point.

leaving the Military

Academy

in

1842, he was appointed a lieutenant in

the United States Corps of Engineers.

tenant and low on the

list,

In 1846, although

a second lieu-

still

because of the slow promotion in that celebrated

was selected by the chief engineer and ordered upon duty

corps, he

lieutenant of the

company of " sappers and miners,"

as senior

or engineer soldiers, then

being recruited and organized.

Soon

after reaching

was taken

sick,

Mexico,

and died

in

Lieutenant Smith, as senior retained

it

to the

October, 1846, the captain of the company

in

New

Orleans, on his

officer,

end of the war.

way

home.

to his

Second

assumed command of the company, and

The

other officers of the

company were

Brevet Second Lieutenants George B. McClellan and John G. Foster.

This company and tions of the

its officers

had an active and leading part

in all the opera-

army, in marches, reconnoisances, sieges and battles

— Vera

Cruz,

Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Gherubusco, Chepultapec, and the city of Mexico.

In the city of Mexico, Lieutenant Smith, at the age of twenty-five, was, by the Commander-in-Chief, General Scott, often and

officially

more highly distinguished than any young

announced officer

as

For "signal and distinguished services" he received two brevets

Gordo and one more important

at Contreras.

services,

both

He at

being "'more

he had ever known."

— one

at Cerro

was recommended more highly and performed

Vera Cruz and the

city of

Mexico, but the

TEE WAR AND ITS HEROES.

48

had been

arbitrary and ucjust rule

laid

down, and was rigidly adhered

to,

that

no found lieutenants should receive more than two brevets.

Many

who belonged

of Lieutenant Smith's former juniors,

to corps in

which

promotion was more rapid than in that of the engineers, had reached the grade of

first

lieutenant, and,

by receiving two brevets upon that grade, were made

majors; but none of these,

had a separate command.

believed,

it is

In 1849, Lieutenant Smith was appointed principal assistant professor of engineering and the art of war at of captain, at

and continued

to

West Point

Military

Academy, with the rank

that position until the 18th of December, 1854,

fill

which time he resigned from the army of the United In February, 1855, he went

from that place

to the city of

Captain Gustavus

W.

New Orleans, New York.

and

to

Smith, as he was

called,

still

States.

in October,

won

1856, removed

for himself in civil

a reputation fully equal to that which he had previously established in the

life

army.

His istration

him

confided to

men

for three years of the highly responsible position

the city of

in

New York

is

regarded by the ablest and best

wrung

of that city as unequalled for ability and sterling integrity, and

even from his

political foes a

mead of

praise of

which any man might well

feel

proud.

From tain

his connexions

and

Smith would espouse.

battle of

political opinions,

no one doubted which side Cap-

Time ed

Fort Sumter was bombarded, the

on.

Manassas fought, Kentucky was

Smith was yet

New York

in

He

still

in the old

Union, and Captain

reached Kentucky early in August, 1861,

and his Southern friends then learned that he had been suddenly stricken

down by

New York

disease in

Fort Sumter

—had

city just

two weeks before the bombardment of

been confined to his room for nearly three months, and so

soon as he was able to travel, had proceeded to his old

where he hoped

When

the

to recuperate his shattered strength

Kentucky

home

in

Kentucky,

and health.

Legislature, in the winter of 1861, by an almost unan-

imous vote, declared that the seceded States should not be coerced into the Union,

it

was understood

in

military leader of that State.

of the people of

determined not

Yankees.

He

Kentucky

On

that Captain

Smith was the chosen

arriving at home, he found that a majority

Kentucky had been deceived and betrayed, and immediately

to

be enchained with her even temporarily under the rule of the

therefore left Kentucky, and, on reaching Nashville, offered his

services to the President of the Confederate States, stating that he

North and come back

to the

In a few days afterwards he proceeded on his

part,

had

left

the

South with the intention of sharing her destiny. to

Puchmond,.and, without application

upon the recommendations of Generals A.

S.

Johnston, Joseph E.

Johnston, and Beauregard, was by the President appointed a major-general.

As commander

of the second corps of the

Beauregard commanded the

mander of the

left

first,

Army

of

the Potomac, whilst

and Joseph E. Johnston the army

wing of Johnston's army

Centrevilk, and of the rear-guard and

left

in

—

as

com-

the celebrated retreat from

wing from Yorktown

in

retiring

THE upon Richmond

—

WAR AXD

his services

ITS HEROES.

upon the

he had no special command until

battle-field of

after General

.£$

" Seven Pines," where

Johnston was wounded

conduct as commander of Johnston's army from the time the until General

Lee was ordered

commander of Richmond and mington

to

Winchester

—

command

to take

latter

army

of that

—

—Ua

was wounded

his services as

defences, including the country from Wil-

its

his services in

North Carolina during the two threat-

ened advances of the enemy in December, 1862, and the following January cannot and will not be forgotten by the army or the people.

In the early part of 1863, owing

to

some misunderstanding between himself

and the President, General Smith resigned. Immediately to aid

all

after his resignation

was accepted, such was his

power in our great struggle that he

in his

General Beauregard as volunteer aid

any capacity

in

offer

in

which he could

in the

patriotic desire

offered his services to

then expected attack on Charleston,

for the time

being be made useful

This

was accepted, and he was with General Beauregard in the gallant defence

of that city in April, 1863.

He now

occupies the position as President of the Georgia Manufacturing and

Mining Company tive

at

Etowah, Georgia ; but we understand accepted

and responsible position with the

services are needed, or can be gia, his present residence, or if

for

made when

Kentucky, which he believes

is

this lucra-

distinct understanding that if ever his

available in defence of the State of Geor-

the great struggle

is

made by Kentuckians

sure to come, that he must be relieved of

the responsibilities of President, and receive his orders from the Governors of either of these States, to both of

whom he

has already pledged his services.

LIEUT. GEN. JAMES LONGSTREET.

The name

become more

of no officer in the Confederate service has

to the general reader

familiar

than that of Lieutenant-General James Longstreet.

number of important

conflicts in

The

which he has been engaged since the

first

shock of arms at Manassas, and the ability and gallantry he has displayed in

won

each, has

Confederate

for

him

a proud position in the front rank of distinguished

officers.

James Longstreet was born

He

South Carolina, and

in the State of

For many years past he has been

three years of age.

Academy

entered the Military

at

West Point

is

about forty-

a citizen of

Alabama.

in 1838, as a cadet

from

South Carolina, and graduated in the class of 1842, so celebrated for the number of its distinguished . Longstreet's grade was number fifty-

Among

four in the class, which contained about sixty .

we

Ilill,

Anderson of the Confederate army.

We

standing the low grade of Longstreet in his

named street,

On

venture the assertion that, notwithclass,

who would not willingly exchange who has justly won the title of "the hard officers

there

is

not one of the above-

reputations with

James Long-

fighter.''

the 1st of July, 1812, General Longstreet took his position in the United

States army, as a brevet second lieutenant of the Fourth

in

his classmates

names of Pope and Rosecranz of the Federal army, and D. H. Lovell, G. W. Smith, Van Dorn, M. L. Smith, Rains, McLaws and R. H.

notice the

which he served

Regiment.

He

until

Regiment of Infantry,

March, 1845, when he was transferred

was promoted

to the

rank of

first

to the

Eighth

lieutenant in February, 1847,

having previously been distinguished in the battle of Monterey.

From June,

He

was breveted

1847, to July, 1849, he served as adjutant to his regiment.

captain for " gallant and meritorious conduct " in the battles of Contreras and

CherubuscOj August 20th, 1847, and major for "gallantry" in the battle of

El Molino del Rey, September 8th, 1847. severely

wounded

in the assault

He

was highly distinguished and

on Chapultepec, September 13th, 1847.

It

be seen that the career of Lieutenant Longstreet, in the Mexican war, was one of uncommon brilliancy, and that he came out of the war with an

will thus

established reputation for courage and ability at the early age of twenty-seven.

He

became a captain

in

December, 1852, and paymaster, with the rank of

major, in July, 1858.

General Longstreet was at the battle of Bull

first

brought prominently before the Southern public

Run, on the 18th of July, 1861, where he commanded,

LIEUTKNANT-0ENB8AL JAMBjS LONGSTRBST

THE

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

53

and subsequently at the battle of Manassas, July 21st, 1861, in which he

commanded

under General Beauregard.

a brigade

He

was afterwards made a

major-general under General Joseph E. Johnston.

After the battles around Richmond, in which General Longstreet bore a

prominent part, he was made lieutenant-general under General

assumed command of the army ston having been

wounded

after the battle of

in that

engagement.

Lee,

who

Seven Pines, General John-

General Longstreet continued

with the army of the Potomac until after the battle of Gettysburg, when he was transferred to the

command

(February, 1864,)

is

As and

of a separate army, which, at the present writing,

successfully engaged in the defence of East Tennessee.

a "fighter" General Longstreet stands second to no officer in the army,

it is

said that, during his connection with the

Lee reposed the most unbounded confidence

army of the Potomac, General and courage.

in his coolness, skill

General Longstreet combines, in an eminent degree, the qualities of a great soldier, viz

:

the spirit and dash to storm a formidable position

;

the stubborn

courage and cool judgment to maintain his ground against superior numbers,

and the

skill

and

ability to control

and direct an army, either

for offeusive or

defensive operations.

General Longstreet

is

about six feet high, weighs at

least

two hundred

pounds, and, as will be seen by his portrait, wears a heavy, flowing brown beard.

He

is

justly regarded as one of the finest looking

men

in the

army.

LIEUT. GEN.

Ambrose Powell

AMBROSE POWELL HILL.

Hill was born in Culpeper county, Virginia,

of Major Hill, who, for

many

years,

and

is

the son

was a leading politician aud merchant of

that county.

The

subject of our sketch entered

State, in 1843,

West

Point, as a cadet from his native

On

and graduated on the 3d of June, 1847.

the 1st of July,

1847, he was commissioned brevet second lieutenant First Artillery, and on the

26th of August, 1847, he was promoted second lieutenant.

He

entered the Confederate service at the

colonel of

commencement of the war,

the 13th Regiment Virginia Volunteers.

At

the

first

as

battle of

Manassas, this regiment, with the remainder of General Joseph E. Johnston's

command, arrived on the victory of that

field

memorable day.

just in time to insure and complete the great

THE WAR AND At and

ITS HEROES.

55

the battle of Williamsburg he had risen to tbe rank of brigadier-general,

an extraordinary

that fight exhibited

in

recognized by

all

who observed

spirit

and energy, which was

his behaviour on the field.

In the disposition of the forces around Richmond previous fighting, General Hill,

who had now been made

to the

seven days

a major-general, occupied with

his division the extreme left of our position in the neighborhood of

Bridge.

He

was placed

in

command

Meadow

of one of the largest divisions of the

army, composed of the brigades of Anderson, Branch, Pender, Gregg, Field, and, perhaps, some others, which he rapidly brought to perfection in organization.'

It

was made his duty

to cross at

attack upon the enemy's forces.

Meadow Bridge and make

Here he maintained

the

first

a terrible conflict with

the enemy, encouraging his troops by examples of personal audacity, which

kept him constantly exposed

to

the enemy's

fire.

That position of the enemy being gained, the division of General Hill followed his

subsequent movements, being placed

first

on the

line of

our advance and

bearing the brunt of the action, to Frazer's farm, where occurred the memorable

engagement

in

which

his

command, composed

of his

own and one

division of

General Longstreet's, fonght the entire Yankee force, and achieved a success

which broke the

spirit of

the invading horde and completed the circuit of our

victories.

General

II ill,

with his battle-scarred, veterans has borne a conspicuous

in

every battle fought by the army of the Potomac, from the

at

Manassas

to the battle of

Gettyshurg.

first

part;

engagement

LIEUT. GEN. RICHARD

Hichard 3iot

S.

been able

Academy

Ewell

is

West Point

of

He

On

full

battles of Contreras

it

we presume he

is

second lieutenant the November

for

made

He won

with that rank, went into the Mexican war.

lieutenant, and,

first

his promotion to captain

" gallant and meritorious conduct"

in the

and Cherubusco.

Captain Ewell was among the his native State seceded.

when

in 1840,

was appointed second lieutenant of cavalry by

the 18th of September, 1845, he was

in the field, having received

hare

but, as he entered the Military

;

1836 and graduated

in

forty.

brevet on the 1st of July, 1840, and following.

We

a native of Prince William county, Virginia.

to ascertain the year of his birth

somewhat turned of

EWELL.

S.

His

first

first

a party of cavalry were surprised

succeeded in rallying them.

Ewell,

South when

to cast his fortune with the

appearance .was at Fairfax CoUrt-house,

we

by the enemy, and Governor Smith believe,

had no command; but, when

the alarm took place, he rushed into the street, in the very midst of the danger, and, by his energetic remonstrances and fearless exposure of his person, contributed greatly to prevent a catastrophe. find

him

in

command

of the

services here were invaluable

His

discipline

camp

and their

was stern and

rigid,

he soon formed a most

militia,

With

the rank of colonel,

we next

of instruction for cavalry at Ashland. effect

has been

felt

His

throughout the war.

but humane, and, out of raw mounted

efficient

body of

At

troops.

the

first

battle of

Manassas, Ewell, now a brigadier, was stationed with his cavalry on the right.

In that

position,

and glory of the and

Had

An

fight.

all

day, without participating in the dangers

order was sent to

upon the flank and rear of the enemy.

fall it

he was detained

him

to

advance

to

Centreville,

That order never reached him.

arrived in time, the consequence would have been the capture of 20,000

men, the utter destruction of the Yankee army, and, eapture of Washington.

and placed

Upon

in

command

Soon

after this battle,

in

probability, the

all

Ewell was made a major-general

of a division.

Jackson's retreat after the battle of Kernstown, Ewell was sent to

re-inforce him.

The two

great soldiers seemed formed to act together.

utmost cordiality always existed between them.

Each was

too generous, to feel the slightest jealousy of the other.

The

too noble, too brave,

Upon

Jackson bore testimony to the invaluable services of Ewell return, always expressed the highest iration for Jackson.

;

all

occasions,

and Ewell, in In nearly

all

of

Jackson's battles in the Valley, Ewell was a participant, and the part he bore

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD

S.

EWELL.

THE

He to

WAR AND

At Port

was always prominent.

ITS HEROES.

59

Republic, Ewell was pitted against Fremont,

him completely and clapped an extinguisher upon his pretensions be considered a soldier. Since that time, Fremont has been continually routed

sinking in the estimation of the Yankees, and has as the chief of an

now

General Ewell was

in all the

When

corps was engaged.

battle of

tlie

the march to Manassas.

wounded

around Richmond in which Jackson's

battles

Cedar mountain, and was the

he was removed

Hancock, who had been

whieh two had been

It is said

desire that Ewell

to

of

As

Richmond, where,

He

bore the

soon as he had

in the house of bis

Having

he lay

finally recovered,

he

command

of one-half of Jackson's

fornfed, General

A. P. Hill commanding

in

that JacksoB, on his death-bed, expressed his eareest

might be his successor.

of Ewell's capacity for

and soul

his surgeon on a former occasion,

was made a lieutenant-general and placed

the other.

life

was rendered necessary.

several months, occasionally suffering great pain.

old corps, out of

to*

distinguished

In the second battle of that name, he was so severely

in the leg, that amputation

sufficiently recovered,

He

man.

operation with great fortitude and even cheerfulness.

friend, Dr.

level,

the latter was ordered to the Piedmont country

chastise the miscreant Pope, Ewell was his right-hand

himself greatly in

found his

at last

army of negroes.

command

That he was correct

in his estimate

has been rendered sufficiently evident.

The

capture of Winchester was one of the mo6t magnificent achievements of the war, and places

its

author, at once, in the foremost rank of our genewds

:

MAJOR JOHN PELHAM.

The

" gallant Pelham," as

native of Alabama, and

lie

was styled by his commanding general, was a

commauded

division of General J. E.

33.

Stuart.

ment of the war and was engaged first fell

the horse artillery attached to the cavalry

He

entered the army at the commence-

in every battle

fought in Virginia from the

Manassas, in 1861, to the battle of Keysville, March 17, 1863, where he mortally wounded, with the battle-cry on his lips and the light of victory

beaming from

The army correspondent

his eye.

of the "Illustrated

News"

thus notices the sad event

On

the morning of the 17th of March, Averill's Federal cavalry, three

thousand in the saddle, crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford and attacked about eight hundred of General Fitzhugh Lee's command, who faced, without shrinking, these

great

odds, and

throughout the entire day.

fought them stubbornly, at every point,

:

THE

When

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

61

— pinking slowly down behind the of wind — the long and desperate

the sun set on that 'tranquil evening

by the

quiet forest, unstirred

least

breath

The enemy was

struggle was decided.

Stuart added in his dispatch, "

We

"badly hurt;" and General

retiring

His dead men and horses

are after hiin.

strew the road."

No

harder battle has been fought during the entire war; and never have the

enemy

Our but

reeled back in greater confusion before the Southern steel than here.

won

heroes lost in

the day by hard and desperate fighting, in charge after charge;

the struggle some of the most valiant hearts that ever beat.

among the number

Harris and Pelham were

He

was

in the

—the

"gallant

Puller,

Pelham"

of the

performance of his duty as chief of

battle of

Fredericksburg.

artillery,

and was riding toward his general, when a regiment of cavalry swept

by him

He

in a charge.

was waving his hat

a ball from a carbine struck

and cheering them on, when

aloft

him on the head,

mortally wounding him.

telegraphed to Mr. Curry, of Alabama u The noble, the chivalric, the gallant Pelham

His remains

action yesterday.

is

no more.

be sent to you to-day.

will

beloved, appreciated and ired, let the tears of agony

the gloom of mourning throughout

my command,

He

when General Stuart

lingered until after midnight, on the morning of the 18th,

He was killed in How much he was

we have

shed, and

His

bear witness.

loss is

irreparable."

The body capitol of

young

of the

Virginia

—and

was sent

officer

we

to

are told that "

Richmond

—

laid in state in the

some tender hand deposited an

evergreen wreath, intertwined with white flowers, upon the case that contained that was mortal of the fallen hero."

all

His family received the

remains; they were taken to his Southern home; Virginia, the

soldier's

field

of his

fame, had surrendered him to Alabama, the land of his birth.

In a general order issued on the occasion, General Stuart said

"To

you, his comrades,

witnessed

—

it is

his prowess in

though young

in years

—

a

action

— already

mere strippling

—he yet

genuine modesty of deportment

of a veteran, and displayed, in his coolness in danger.

from the

'

well

know how,

—remarkable

for his

disclosed on the battle-fiold the conduct

handsome person, the most imperturbable battle-field

of this army,

all.

gallant Pelham,'

nature and purity of character,

to

You

appearance

Manassas to the moment of his death, and he was, with a single

first

" The memory of the

all

proverbial. in

His eye had glanced over every

exception, a brilliant actor in

who knew him.

and

:

needless to dwell upon what you have so often

successful.

He

is

his

His record has been bright and fell

many

virtues,

his

nobie-

enshrined as a sacred legacy in the hearts of

—the noblest of

sacrifices

whose glorious service he had dedicated

spotless; his career brilliant

— on the

altar of his country,

his life from the beginning of the

war.

"In token

of respect for his cherished memory, the Horse Artillery and

division staff will wear the military

badge of mourning

for thirty days;

and the

;

:

THE WAR AND

Q% senior officer of

ITS HEROES.

Major Von Borcke,

staff,

sion of his bereaved family, to

whom

remains in the posses-

will place his

tendered, in behalf of the division, the

is

assurance of heartfelt sympathy in this deep tribulation.

" In mourning

his departure

from his accustomed post of honor on the

us strive to imitate his virtues, and trust that what

let

more than gain

When himself

a,

Pelham was but twenty-four years

field,

may be

of age, but he had

made

for

" great immortal name."

correspondent of the " Illustrated News," above alluded

The

us,

him."

to

killed,

loss to

is

to,

furnished

that paper with the annexed particulars in regard to his short but brilliant

career

A son

of the great State of Alabama, and descended from an old and honorable

family there, he had more than the courage of his race and clime.

arms

as his profession,

He

war commenced.

lost

no time

reoeived the appointment of

Proceeding

to

chose as the

in offering his services to the South,

and

lieutenant in the Confederate States army.

first

Harper's Ferry, when General Johnston was in command there,

he was assigned

commanded

He

and entered "West Point, where he graduated just

to

duty as

drill-officer

of artillery, and in the battle of Manassas

a battery, which he fought with that obstinate and daring courage

which afterwards rendered him

so famous.

He

speedily attracted the attention

of the other generals of the army, and General J. E. B. Stuart entrusted

him

with the organization of the battalion of Horse Artillery which he subsequently

commanded him first.

From

in nearly

moment when he

the

system of

every battle of the war upon Virginia

artillery fighting

took

seemed

command to

its

to a flying

and hurled

its

enemy

;

and

far in

thunders on the

advance of

foe.

The

It

I

knew

corps, a

all

was ever

new

rapidity, the rush,

more deliberate brother.

once, but repeatedly, has the Horse Artillery of

speed

now famous

of that

be inaugurated.

the impetus of the cavalry were grafted on

Here

Soil.

Pelham given chase

Not

at full

infantry , unlimbered at the point

where the

line

was weakest; and however headlong the charge of the cavalry, the whirling were beside it, all ready for their part. "Trot, march!" had yielded to u gallop it was rushed into position, and put in action with " with the battalion

gun.-j

—

!

a rush

;

and in and out among the guns where the

brave young

artillerist

;

cool

the other day, " as gay as a schoolboy at a frolic."

own sake purely ; and

its

bolts fell thickest

and self-possessed, but,

was the

as one of his officers said

He

loved his profession for

often spoke to the officers above alluded to of the

"jolly good fights" he would have in the present campaign; but I anticipate

my

subject.

Once

associated with the

command

of General Stuart, he secured the

regard and unlimited confidence of that general,

every occasion.

who employed

his services

warm upon

Thenceforth their fortunes seemed united, like their hearts

and the name of the young man became noised abroad perate fighters of the whole army.

He

as

one of the most des-

was rightly regarded by General Jackson

:

THE WAR and others

HEUOSS.

AN'D ITS

63

very extraordinary genius for artillery; and when

as possessed of a

any movement of unusual importance was designed, Pelham was assigned artillery to

to the

be employed.

His career- was

a

brief one, but

"When our

glorious

!

How

crowded with great

at it

back from Manassas in 1861, his batteries had their part

forces fell

in covering the

how

Let us glance

events that are history now.

movement, and guarding the fords of the Rappahannock.

During

the campaign of the Peninsula, his Blakely was as a sentinel on post next the

enemy

and

;

at the battle of

Williamsburg his courage and

less laurels.

With one Napoleon, he engaged

them with

a pertinacity and unfaltering nerve

General Jackson glow

skill

transformed raw

In the seven days' battles around Richmond he won fade-

militia into veterans.

three heavy batteries, and fought

which made the calm

face of

and the pressure of that heroic hand, warm and eloquent

;

of unspoken iration.

Soon afterwards,

at the

" White House," he engaged

away, after a brief but hot encounter, proved how fanciful were the terrors of these u monsters," as they were then called. After a gunboat,

that

work

and driving

it

in the Peninsula, the

young man was famous.

His greatest achievements were

them on the enduring

to

come, however; and he hastened

tablets of history.

advanced from the Rappahannock,

to the

to record

From the moment when his artillery time when it returned thither, to the

day of Fredericksburg, the path of the young leader was deluged with the

At Manassas he rushed

blood of battle.

enemy almost

his

guns into the very columns of the

amid a hurricane of At Sharpsburg be had command of nearly all the artillery on our left, and directed it with the hand of the master. When the army crossed back fighting their sharpshooters with canister,

;

balls.

into Virginia

he was posted

which spoke

obstinate valor,

deep-mouthed Napoleous,

a>

at

Sheppardstown, and guarded the ford with an

in the regular

and unceasing reverberation of his

they roared on, hour after hour, driving back the

enemy.

Of

the days whieh suceeeJed that exciting period,

hold the memory.

war bore him forth in all

was

It

in

many

young

for a time, that the gay, noble nature of the

charms.

its

persons will long

an honest old country house, whither the tide of soldier shone

There, in the old hall on the banks of the Opequon,

surrounded by warm hearts who reminded him perhaps of his own beloved ones in far

Alabama

try he

seemed

there, in the tranquil days of

;

to

some of

kind temper and his sunny disposition

high breeding and simplicity. at times

with

his refinement, his courtesy, his

to a fault almost

in his entire

in that beautiful coun-

All were charmed with his

—blushing — he became

like a girl

deportment

a favorite

around him, and secured that regard of good men and women which

the proof of high

Autumn

—with

Modest

—and wholly unassuming

all

Autumn,

his happiest hours.

forests

;

traits

and

by the stream with

its

great sycamores

oaks of the lawn, he thus wandered for a time

—an

;

is

In the beautiful

fine instincts in its possessor.

and under the

Alabama, but loved, ired and cherished by warm hearts

tall

own

land of

in this.

When

exile from his

— THE WAR AND

(54

he

ITS HEROES.

the haunts of the old " bower " I think he regretted

left

But work

it.

called hhn.

The "

On

fiat

had gone forth from the imperial

Richmond " should be attempted

to

Washington, that another

closet at

—and

where the vultures of war

hovered, there was the post of duty for the Horse Artillery.

The

the Blue Ridge, and met the advancing column at Aldie

—and

cavalry crossed

Pelham was

again in his element, hurling destruction upon the ranks of General Bayard.

Thenceforward, until the banks of the Rappahannock were reached by the

back in order,

cavalry, falling

was designed

as

— from that

was

artillery

who

instant the batteries

The

of the Horse Artillery disputed every step of ground.

with unhesitating confidence to the young

left

direction of the

ofiicer

and those

;

witnessed, during that arduous movement, the masterly handling of his

guns, can

tell

soldier, the

how

this confidence

hand of the born

He

those days of struggle.

was

fell

fighting every inch of the

enemy

in his work, during

position

first

way from Aldie, round by

he reached the Rappahannock, and posted stood and bade the

was the eye of the great

back neither too soon nor too

limbered up his guns to unlimber again in the

Thus

It

justified.

which was evident

artillerist

Paris and Markham's,

his artillery at the fords,

That page

defiance.

and only

late,

which he reached. where he

war

in the history of the

is

known; but those who were present know the obstinacy of the contests, and the nerve and skill which were displayed by the young ofiicer. That may be unknown, but the work done by Pelham on the great day of scarcely

Fredericksburg that day

—what

is

was the climax of connected.

a part of history now.

laurels encircled his

his

fame

fire

Harbour

battle of Cold

—

the hands of the young defeat

!

Its

must

was taken from the enemy

it

ofiicer it

grim voice must

roll

exclaimed, with eyes !

one so young "

important position, to see a beardless

iron resolution

this did

roar,

Seven Pines

however great the odds

It

it,

at the

—and,

;

its

reverberating

So

it

to

with iration, " It

is

it

from the

hill

He it

as

immovable

afterwards took

as rock.

retire,

steadily,

and

Not

an

shell,

with

until his last round of

and then only

command

until night with a skill

advanced hie guns

in

ground with a firmness so unflinching and heroic

boy sternly standing in that horrible hurricane of

order sent to him.

above, and

glorious to see such courage

was glorious, indeed, to see that one gun, placed

>>old its

in

blowing up caissons and continuing

General Lee was watching

filled

and a soul

and fought

at

had won a fame which must not be tarnished

ammunition was shot away did Pelham

He

But

river.

over the plain, until the bronze war dog was silenced.

tear the enemy's ranks.

right,

This

be inseparably

will

close range, of four batteries in front,

fire, at

from 30-pound Parrots across the

roared on steadily, with Pelham beside

in

name

That Napoleon gun was the same which he had used

not daunt him.

defiance

his

stood on

at last came.

"With one Napoleon gun, he opened the battle on the right, and

and a heavy enfilading

by

know how stubbornly he

— the event with which

drew upon himself the

instantly

All

young brow when night

after a

peremptory

of the entire artillery on the

and courage which were irable.

at nightfall

was thundering «n the flank of

THE WAR AND the retreating

who no

foe,

ITS

HEROES.

No

longer replied.

65

answering roar cnrae back from

those batteries he had fought with his Xapoleon so loDg

That triumph was complete and placed forever upon commander-in-chief,

whom

—he

had triumphed-

when

record,

the great

he loved and ired so ardently, gave him the

name, in his report, of the "gallant Pelhatn."

Supreme sole

tribute to his courage

name mentioned

Pel ham

—immortalizing

him

in history

and mentioned

in all that host of heroes,

To be the

!

"gallant

as the

!"

Thenceforward there was

little

rank, only longed for glory; and

he had sometimes

what hard

to

commands

—

said,

He

for

him

to desire.

now

his

name was

had never cared

deathless.

It

for

true that

is

with modest and noble pride, that he thought

it

some-

be considered too young for promotion, when they gave him great

Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg

as at

—and

But he never desired

the hardest work was to be done.

him when

called on

a

mere

title

he had

So noble and

not won, and did his soldier's duty thoroughly, trusting to time.

important, however, had been his recent services that promotion was a matter

The President had appointed him

of course.

a Lieutenant-Colonel,

awaited the formal confirmation of the Senate

His

nock. fit

was a public calamity

fall

that such a spirit should lay

dimmed

world had

no promotion

at

down

to

when he

work before the hard

He

had won,

promoted by the tender hand of death

It

life

He

the polish of the good knight's spotless shield.

only

was

of the

wanted

not worn, the highest

if

honors of the great soldier; and having finished his task, the gentle its flight,

it

the nation, but none to him.

his great

the hands of men.

and

on the Rappahan-

fell

spirit

took

to other honors in a brighter

world.

"With what obstinate and unyielding courage he fought

how

splendid,

rich in suggestion of the antique

days

!

!

with a daring

He

and resolution of a great leader trained

battle with the coolness

how

entered upon a in a

thousand

combats, and fought his guns with the fury and elan of Murat at the head

No

of his horsemen.

escaped his eagle eye.

With an inborn geuius

merely developed, and directed in prehension

—

ground, no movement of the enemy, ever

tract of the

intuition almost

its

—which

for

war which West Point had

proper channels, he had that rapid comcounts for so

much

in a leader.

Where

the contest was the hottest and the pressure heaviest, there was Pelham with his guns

;

irresistible

enemy

and the broken

lines of infantry, or cavalry giving

ground before

numbers, heard their deep voices roaring, and saw the ranks of the

torn and scattered.

responsibility,

and opened

Often he waited for no orders, took the whole

where he saw that they were needed by But what he did was always the very best

his batteries

the emergencies of the moment. that could be done.

He

Many

and the knowledge that Pelham, with his Horse Artillery,

was

foes

had

felt

it,

in front, did not give

struck at the right moment, and his arm was heavy.

them much heart

for the encounter.

They knew

the announcement was another manner of informing them that

stubborn courage was to be dealt with 5

—

skill,

that

daring,

that wounds, disaster and death awaited

THE

QQ

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

them from the hands of the well-known young was the guage of success

to

our own men.

When

was a welcome sound.

AVhat

leader.

The

the deep-mouthed thunder of those guns was

heard, the faintest took heart, and the contest assumed a that sound

had proved on many

terrified the foe

roar of Pelham's Napoleons

new phase

to all

—

for

At Manassas,

a field the harbinger of victory.

"Williamsburg, Cold Harbour, Groveton, Oxhill, Sharpsburg, Sheppardstown,

Markham,

Kearneysvillc, Aldie, Union, Upperville,

Fredericksburg

and handled

—

him

to speak of his cax-eer,

and

small,

part.

Barbee's, Hazel River and

he fought his Horse Artillery,

danger

One

!

when

day,

he counted up something like sixty

which he had beeu

in,

and

in every

will tell

one he had borne a prominent

enough

to stay there, he

thanked him

was not."

an

officer,

who had

declaration, that " if

moment, rode away with the

At

his dauntless courage.

in a place so dangerous, that

he took position to that

you a hundred instances of

I led

battles, great

Talk with the associates of the young leader in those hard-fought

and they

up

places,

heroic contempt of

with

it

and many other

at these

battles,

Manassas,

followed

him

Pelham was

fool

But General Jackson thanked him,

as

ho

Cold Harbour, when the brave young soldier came back covered

at

—

the light of victory in his eyes. At Markham, while he was fighting the enemy in front, they made a circuit and charged him in the rear; but he turned his guns about, and fought them, as

with dust from fighting his Napoleon

"French Detachment," singing the

before, with his

that same Napoleon

laise, as

that whole great

movement was

was the hero of the

in,

their ranks

loud, triumphant Marseil-

and drove them back.

a marvel of hard fightiDg, however, and

Any

All

Pelham

he was of the hot contest on the

stout, close struggle, as

right at Fredericksburg.

men

gun broke

other chief of artillery might have sent his

leaving the direction of the guns to such officers as the brave Captain

Henry; but

this did not suit the

young

He must

chieftain.

go himself with

the one gun sent forward, and beside that piece he remaiued until

ordered back intent solely

— directing

his

men

to lie

down, but

own

sitting his

upon the movements and designs of the enemy, wholly

the "fire of hell" hurled against him.

Lee declared,

to see

It

it

horse,

was and

careless of

was glorious, indeed, as General

such heroism in the boyish

artillerist

;

and well might

General Jackson speak of him in of " exaggerated compliment," and ask General Stuart "if he had another Pelham, to give him Modest, brave, loving and beloved

— the

famous

to him'!'"

soldjer, the

charming com-

who cherished him, leaving a void which Alabama lent him to Virginia for a time; but, alas

panion, ed away from the friends

no other being can

I

fill.

the pale face smiles no more as he returns to her.

Many mourn

his early death

here where his glory was won, as in the southern land from whence he came.

To

these

—the wide —

good heart

circle

his loss

is

noble minds" like his

gap

is

hard

to

fill

— the

But the memory of immortal in history

who

loved

him

irreparable, as is

it is

to the

not numerous, and,

as in

many

young

soldier

whole land.

when such forms

struggle for our liberties

this great

and

for his great qualities,

still

is

his kind,

The " breed of disappear, the

more arduous than

remains with us

—

heart* which throbbed at his death.

his

before.

name

is

GENERAL JOSEPH EGGLESTON JOHNSTON

This distinguished

officer is

a native of Prince

where he was born about the year i§08.

Edward

Tils father

was the

county, Virginia, late

Judge Peter

Johnston, of the General Court of Virginia, distinguished alike at the bar and

on the bench,

for

sound practical sense and

campaign of 1781,

in

He

solid legal acquirements. officers in his

Camden, Eutaw, and Ninety-Six

— and retained,

and bravely

at Guilford,

day of

death, a predilection for his early profession, which not

his

had

— had been one of Greene's celebrated North and South Carolina — bad borne himself honorably

been a soldier in his youth

to the all

his

subsequent success in a profession of a very different character, could entirely

worthy of record, that he was the First Lieutenant of the

obliterate.

It

company

which the celebrated Peter Francisco served

the

in

is

latter, scarcely

less

as a private,

and that

remarkable for his gigantic strength and undaunted

THE VTAR AND

63

HEROES.

ITS

cournge, than for his keen sagacity and powerful, though uncultivated mind, retained to the close of his

warm

a

life

affection

suiheicut proof, since he had so often seen

him wanting.

Wood

Polly

him

commander; a

for his old

tried,

that he

had never found

After the war of the Revolution, Judge Johnston married Miss

of Goochland county, a niece of Patrick Henry, and oue of the

most accomplished young ladies of her day. If he had chosen his wife avowedly on the principle that Mrs. Primrose chose her gown, " for qualities that would wear," he could scarcely have

made

a happier selection.

ston proved to be as remarkable in her married

life for

Mrs. John-

the ability with which

she discharged the duties of her station, as she had been for her personal

They

attractions in her youth.

whom

raised a large family, sons and daughters,

moral and physical, as well as mental

strictest attention to their education,

duty but

Among

too often neglected

Of

the direction of youth

is

;

a

entrusted.

a lesson, above

all

others, essential to

human

happiness; for the

and most useful of

but the most dangerous and tyrannical of masters.

When

several brothers, the subject of our sketch was the youngest.

yet

small boy, his father having been appoiuted a judge in Abingdon district,

removed

his family to that town,

his education.

At

and there Joseph received the rudiments of

school he was noted as a boy of quick parts and a bold and

During

enterprising disposition. to

whom

in the moral, like fire in the material world, is the best

.servants,

a

to

of

other things, they were taught to obtain complete mastery over their

own minds; mind

by those

all

Both parents paid the

proved to be persons of superior understanding.

show one of those

this period of his life,

characteristics for

nbove most of his cotemporaries.

he had an opportunity

which he has since been distinguished

By some

Joseph, on

He

the contrary, bore his misfortune with the most heroic fortitude. not a tear and uttered not a groan.

with the calm and

stoical'

He

submitted

xjontmeiiient necessary to ;the

ulster showed

a

to

his situation,

manly

cumstance because, though

spirit far trivial, it

and

With iu

face,

and

equal patience he bore the

every incident connected with

We

above his years. is

shed

the setting of the limb

composure of an Indian, making not a wry

distorting not a muscle of his countenance.

Most

accident he broke an arm.

boys of his age would have indulged in the loudest lamentation.

characteristic,

and

mention this

affords a

key

cir-

to his

subsequent conduct iu some of the most trying situations that a man can be cailed on to occupy. It

is

possible that his

own

inclination led

Naturally of such a disposition as old soldier

he must •within

whose

as

him

to choose

arms

it

was natural that he should

by the sound of a trumpet.

as a profession.

recorded, the son, moreover, of an

stirring narratives of his experience in the

often have heard,

him

we have

It

is

feel

army

of

Greene

his soul stirred

reasonable to suppose, also,

that his father, always retaining a predilection for a military

life,

and early

dis-

covering the bent of his son's genius, should encourage his youthful inclinations.

of

Be

that as

West Point,

it

may, we find him, in 1825, a cadet

at the military

at that time in the very zenith of its reputation.

academy

His applica-

THE WAR AND tion to his studies, from the

He

very clearly shows.

Robert E. Lee,

a

moment he

How

was earnest and devoted.

ITS HEROES.

entered the walls of this institution,

successful

graduated

in

69"

it

was,

we think

his after history

1829, in the same class with General

circumstance well worthy of note, as calculated to render that

year and that class forever memorable in the anuals of West Point.

Johnston was immediately assigned Lieutenant, by brevet.

4th

to the

at that time no

There was

war and no opportunity for

Accordingly, we find him, seven years after, while

distinction.

tenant, appointed

Cadet

with the rank of 2d

artillery,

a Lici-

still

Commissary of Subsistence, a post which he

Assistant

resigned the year after, upon being appointed 1st Lieutenant of Topographical

This rank he held when the

Engineers.

Florida war broke out in

conduct throughout that war was such as

to

83S.

1

His

merit the highest praise, and to

draw the eyes of the whole country upon him. been sent, under the escort of a party of infantry,

Upon one occasion, having to make a survey or recon-

noisance of a region which lay around a lake, and having crossed the lake in boats, the

party was waylaid by an ambuscade of Indians, and

sion,

took

He

cuing them.

form upon him. a panic.

tree with one hand,

laid hold of a small

His cooluess enabled him

The men returned

to their

officers

and standing boldly

men

at him, to the relief of the

to fust

last, for

rally

to .say,

and

becoming

A

Most of them were aimed

Strange

soldiers.

struck the tree to which he held

subdue what was

to

duty and resumed the action.

volcano of balls swept around Johnston.

hair,

its

fire.

out in face of the whole Cre of the savages, called on the

last

all

The men were thrown into complete confuand were in imminent danger of destruction, when Lieutenant Johnston the commaud, and, by his coolness and determination, succeeded in res-

killed or disabled at the first

perfect directly

while numbers of them

some time he was not touched.

At

oue struck him immediately above the forehead, about the roots of the

and ranged backward

but not fracturing

it

the troops had caught so carried off the

to the occiput,

grazing the skull the whole distance,

or injuring the brain.

wounded

much

Lieutenant J. of course

of his spirit that they repulsed the

For

in safety.

for so

many and such arduous

promotion was slow in the old army.

but

his gallant conduct on this occasion ;

and throughout the Florida war, Lieutenant J. was brevetted Captain

meagre recompense

fell,

enemy and

se

rvioes,

it

seems

—

a very

to us.

Iu September, 1840, he became a

But full

Captain by seniority.

On

The Mexican war had now begun.

the 16th February, 184 7, Captain

Johnston was made Lieutenant-Colonel of Voltigeurs. by brevet, and capacity, sailed with the expedition under General Scott.

Vera Cruz, when the army advanced, Colonel Johnston made reconnoisance of the enemy's

Gordo.

line,

strongly posted

in

that-

After the capture of a most daring

on the heights of Cerro

In this reconnoisance he was severely wouuded, having approached so

near the enemy's works that he was struck by three musket-balls. supposed, for some time, that his wounds were mortal country, a powerful

constitution

and

skillful

;

treatment

It

was

but, happily for his

carried

him safely

THE WAR AND

7Q through the

trial.

ITS HEROES.

His wounds were received on the 12th of April, exactly

six

days before the battle of Cerro Gordo, in which, of course, he was unable to bear a part.

However, he recovered

and was again severely wounded General Scott, afterwards,

to

resume his command

sufficiently to

at

in the

himself at Molino del Rey,

lie distinguished

concluding battles of the war.

These numerous wounds led

Chapultepec.

say of him: "Johnston

is

a great soldier, but

he

has an unfortunate knack of getting himself shot in nearly every engagement."

This was intended, probably, as a sneer; but there could not be

He

testimonial to the gallantry of a soldier.

a

more honorable

was several times brevetted

gallant and meritorious conduct in this war, and at

its

for

conclusion, was retained

At what time he was promoted, we when the disrup-

as Captain of Topographical Engineers.

are not aware; but he became a Colonel in the old army, and tion of the

Union took

He

was Quartermaster-Geueral.

place,

resigned and offered his services to his native State.

He

immediately

was appointed

to a

high command by Governor Letcher, but thinking he could be of more use in the Confederate service, he resigned and offered himself to President Davis,

He

then at Montgomery. ordered to take

On

command

was immediately appointed Major-General, and

of the forces at Harper's Ferry.

the 23d of May, 1861, General Johnston assumed the

command

of the

forces at Harper's Ferry, consisting of nine regiments of infantry, two battalions

of artillery, and Colonel Stuart's cavalry.

Army

10,000 men, was called the

This force, numbering, in

lower down, nearly opposite Washington, uuder the regard, was called the

task before him.

Army

With

who was advancing

from the western part of Virginia.

command

he was expected

his small force,

on the Maryland side with 20,000 men, and

who was

to

chester, with an

was on

foot,

to

had arrived

Harper's Ferry, having fire to

such

it,

in

Itomney.

first

Winchester

at a glance, that the position

and unite

enemy coming down in his rear at Win-

Virginia.

That such a pro-

be certain, when he learned, on the 13th of

June, that a force of 2.000 men, believed lan's forces,

guard Harper's

prevent him from forming a

enemy coming down the Valley of he believed

to

in the direction of

Johnston saw,

the Valley of Pennsylvania might easily avoid

of General Beau-

said to be approaching

of Harper's Ferry was of no importance whatever, since an

ject

than

General Johnston had a hard

of the Potomac.

Ferry, to repulse the Yankee General Patterson,

junction with McClellan,

all, less

of the Shenandoah, as that which was placed

to

He

be the advanced guard of McClel-

immediately determined

to

abandon

burnt and blown up the railroad bridge and set

of the buildings as

were likely

to prove useful to the

enemy.

At

the same time he sent forward a detachment to Winchester to hold in check any force that

might come from the direction of Itomney.

On' the 14th, while on

the march, he learned that Patterson had crossed at Williamsport, that he had already possession of Martinsburg, and that there was nothing to fear from

Romney, from which the enemy had

He

retreated.

His course was

instantly taken.

occupied Puuker's Hill on the Martinsburg turnpike by a flank march,

interposed his army between the

enemy and Winchester, took up

a strong posi-

— THE WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

and so intimidated Patterson that he immediately

tion,

Johnston then quietly and leisurely pursued

and

position was of great strategical importance,

degree of

skill

his

71 fell

march

back across the river to

Winchester.

This

occupation evinced a high

its

He

on the part of the Confederate General.

was now between

the forces of McClellan and Patterson, and could operate at his pleasure against

by the

either before they could be ed

At

others.

the same time he was in

a situation to unite with Beauregard, should he be attacked, through Ashby's

gap and the

Having

railroad.

ascertained that Patterson designed to cross the

Potomac again, he sent Colonel Jackson

advance

in

to

oppose him, there being

no other troops between Winchester and Martinsburg but Colonel Stuart's cav-

who

alry,

Patterson crossed fur the second

acted as a corps of observation.

time on the 2d of July, Jackson

which Jackson

The enemy came

Waters.

force at Falling

inflicted

back before him, and drew up his small

fell

upon him

on.

A

fierce conflict ensued, in

number

a Joss almost equal in

had with him, and himself sustained scarcely any.

When

flanked, Jackson retired, bringing off forty-five prisoners, tured.

Johnston advanced, with his whole

Patterson apparently had had enough of the engagement.

it

force, for

;

to the force

he

about to be out-

whom

to

he had capJackson, but

he made no attempt

to

renew

Johnston then took up a position near Martinsburg, with the

hope of drawing Patterson into an engagement, but he could not succeed. After remaining four days in this position, Johnston returned to Winchester. 15th, Patterson advanced as far as ter,

and, on the 17th,

field.

He

made

a

movement on

On the

from Winches-

Hill, about ten miles

his left, in the direction of Smith-

Johnston instantly took the hint.

had been convinced, from the refusal of Patterson

at Martinsburg, that to detain

him

he did not intend

He had

to fight

in the Valley until the

have overwhelmed Beauregard. sion.

Bunker

Grand Army from Washington should

This movement confirmed his original impres-

already telegraphed

to

llichmond, requesting orders to

Beauregard, and had received them accordingly Colonel Stuart to

make

a

to accept his challenge

him, and that his only object was

movement

Ordering the cavalry under

in advance, as if for the

purpose of bring-

ing on a general engagement, he completely deceived Patterson.

Under cover Gap to

of Stuart's movement, Johnston ed his whole army through Ashby's

Piedmont to

Station, on the

Manassas Gap

be transported by the cars

to

railroad,

from whence the infantry were

Manassas, the artillery and cavalry following as

Jackson's brigade and two Georgia regiments reached

rapidly as they could.

Manassas on the morning of Saturday, 20th, and Johnston, with the 4th and

2d Alabama, and troops, from

a part of the 11th Mississippi, soon after.

road had promised that they should.

about 5,000

We

The

rest of his

some cause, did not arrive that day, although the president of the

in

The

troops thus detained

amounted

to

number.

shall not here,

with the limited space at our command, attempt a sketch

of the battle of Manassas.

It

is

assuming the command, declined

sufficient to say that

General Johnston, upon

to alter the dispositions of

Gen'l Beauregard

WAR AND

THE

72

ITS HEROES.

that the failure of the troops which had been left behind on the proceeding

day

time, obliged the Confederate Generals to alter their original

to arrive in

which was

plan,

aud await the attack of the enemy

offensive,

35,000 strong, attempted

and desperate

battle

to turn the left

ensued

—

— that the enemy, — that a long

wing of the Confederates

that an order sent to Geueral Ewell, posted on our

— that — that he

right centre, to charge the exposed flank of the enemy, miscarried

very

crisis

of the battle, Kirby Smith arrived with 1,700

—

men

iu the

was

wounded and succeeded by Colonel Elzey that the attack of his body caused the enemy to hesitate, and finally to give ground and that his discomfiture was completed by the attack made on his flank by Colonel Early, at the head of his

The

brigade.

The Army

to history since the

day of Waterloo

of the Potomac continued for seven months to occupy the position

near Ccntreville which

Except the

tory.

Manassas had been fought, aud the rout was the most

battle of

thorough known

—

had conquered from the enemy by

it

this splendid vic-

Leesburg, and the reverse at Drainesville,

brilliant episode of

life in camp. The warm and wet, aud sickness and death thinned the But the men became accustomed to a soldier's life, and

there were few incidents to diversify the dull monotony of a

winter was uncommonly

ranks of our army.

how

learned

to bear fatigue as well as to face danger,

the meantime, the Yankee government

and

Their Secretary of

military.

War

New Orleans

with 5,000 men, and

to the exultations of the

Yankee

quered, and they spoke the

but another "

On

to

officer,

and prepared

Nothing

fell.

This time

it

wc

believe,

Early in March, McClellan moved upon

them

force, to find the

camp

to

deserted, and everything that

Jonnstou had evacuated

Richmond without the

between

this retreat

amounted

for six months,

But we

to

40,000 men, and with that

and eluded without

will not

loss,

all

There

this alone

a host of

little

would

is

his

no

Had

and any other upon record.

to be considered one of the greatest captains of the age.

scarcely

most

man.

loss of a

Johnston never performed any other military exploit,

him

can be compared

was to be undertaken by 220,000

could be of value to his army safely removed.

comparison,

in all history

They believed the South already conlanguage of conquerors. Nothing would satisfy them

to foil

and retreated

energy soon

Johnston soon became apprised of the designs of that

Manassas with his whole

positions,

fruits of his

Fort Donnclson was captured,

fell,

press.

Richmond."

men, under McClellan.

The

field.

Hatteras was taken, Beaufort

to ripen.

In

preparations, both naval

boasted that in an iucredibly short space

of time he had put 660,000 troops in the

began

without shriuking.

made enormous

entitle

His whole force

army he had confronted

more than 200,000 men.

undertake to record the events of Af>ril aud May, 1862, the

brilliant of Johnston's

whole

life.

the rescue of the gallant Magruder,

He

hastened with his veteran army to

who was on

the Peninsula with 11,500

men, and confronted by McClellan with 100,000.

On

arriving, Johnston at

once assumed command, and on the 6th of May, 1862, fought the battle of

Williamsburg, repulsiDg the enemy with enormous victorious

army upon the

line of the

loss.

Falling back with his

Chickahominy, he gave McClellan another

— THE

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

73

severe lesson iu the art of war at the battle of Seven for his country,

he was severely wounded

removed from the

in

this

Pines.

Unfortunately

engagement, and had

to

be

field.

After recovering from his wounds, General Johnston was assigned to duty in Tennessee, and at the present writing (February, 1864,)

known more

as the

brilliant

The

Army

than any he has yet rendered

to his country.

A

quick genius, a solid judgment, invincible firmness, impertur-

bable self-reliance, a will as resolute as that of "the

which no device can

a courage

these

degree

baffle,

first

bald Caesar," a penetra-

a perseverance which no difficulty can subdue,

which no danger can shake, quickness of conception, promptness of

action, endurance almost all

is

career of General Johnston has been such as the most illustrious chieftain

might envy.

tion

commands what

of Tennessee, where he will doubtless render services even

we take

to

superhuman, and reticence

as perfect as the grave

be characteristics of a great commander, and

— General Johnston

possesses

them

all.

—in

a high

BRIGADIER-GENERAL JAMES James H. Lane was born

at

H.

LANE.

Matthews Court-House, Virginia,

He

in 1834.

graduated with high distinction at the Lexington Virginia Military Institute,

and afterwards took ginia.

his degree in the scientific course at the University of Vir-

So highly was he appreciated

at his

Alma

recalled to Lexington as Assistant Professor of

Mater, that he was soon after

Mathematics 'and Tactics

;

he

subsequently became Professor in the .same departments at the State Seminary of Florida, and at the outbreak of hostilities was

filling

the Chair of Natural

Philosophy and Tactics in the North Carolina Military Institute of Charlotte.

With

the other officers of this institution, he immediately offered his services

to the State,

and was most useful and energetic

as drill-master

and adjutant at

THE the

Camp

WAR AND

of Instruction near Raleigh.

ITS HEROES.

He

Carolina Volunteers, and with that gallant regiment

memorable

field

75

was elected Major of the 1st Xorth

won

his first laurels on the

of Bethel, June 10th, 1861.

Shortly after the battle of Bethel he was elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the

28th [North Carolina regiment, and subsequently, conduct, he was

made

for gallant

a Brigadier-General, and placed in

brigade of the Light Division.

He

and meritorious

command

of the

4th

received his appointment as Brigadier on

the 1st of November, 1862, as the successor of the lamented General L. O'B.

Branch, of North Carolina.

At

the head of a brigade of noble troops, whose banners bear upon their folds

the names of nearly twenty battle-fields, he

independence of the South.

is

now manfully

battling for the

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN John

0. Peinbcrton

C.

PEMBERTON.

was born

in the city of Philadelphia, State of PennsylPoint as a Cadet from that State in 1833, and <>raduated on the 30th of June, 1837. On the 1st of July, 1837, he was appointed

vania.

He entered West

Second

Lieutenant of the 4th Artillery,

TI. S.

A., and was promoted First Lieutenant

on the 9th of March, 1842. From 1846 to 1848 he acted as Aide-de-Camp to Brevet Major-General Worth, in Mexico. He was twice breveted for "gallant and meritorious conduct," during the war with Mexico— first at Monterey, next at Molino del Hey.

Immediately upon the commencement of hostilities between the North and South, General Pemberton resigned his commission in the United States army and espoused the cause of the South. Hastening to Montgomery, he was

once tendered a position in the Southern army by President Davis.

at

THE WAR AND General Pemberton

first

ITS HEROES.

77

attracted public attention by bis gallant defence of

tbe city of Yicksburg, Mississippi, tbe particulars of wbich will form one of the

most interesting chapters

On

in the history of thia

second war fdr independence.

the 18th of May, 1863, Yicksbu r g, in consequence of a disaster at Big

Black Bridge, was closely iuvested by the Yankee forces under Grant, the right of his

army

resting on the river above the city.

berton, with a

weakened but glorious

little

As

a last resort, General

army, retired behind his works.

PemTo

appease the clamor that had been raised against him, and to repel the charge that he designed selling Yicksburg, he exhorted his soldiers to follow him, and see at

what price he would

that of every

man

in his

sell it, for it

would not be

The

command.

less

than his own

life

and

siege was continued until the 4th of

July, when, after a heroic defence, the place was unconditionally surrendered.

General Pemberton, in the letter which proffered surrender, stated his reasons for

doing

so, as follows

"I make

this

:

proposition to save the further effusion of blood

which must

otherwise be shed to a frightful extent, feeling myself fully able to maintain

my

position for an indefinite period."

The of " The entire

the capitulation were thus announced

:

force of the Confederate troops, were to surrender, as prisoners

of war, to the United States army, under General Grant

;

the whole army,

including the generals, were to be immediately paroled and sent into our lines all

officers

were

to retain their

arms

;

all

mounted

officers to

of riding out; private property to be respected, and or not, connected in

any manner with the army, were

of leaving the Federal lines on parole.

and siege guns were

to

be surrendered

small arms iu our possession."

all parties,

to

whether

citizens

be allowed the privilege

All ammunition, stores, to the

;

have the privilege

United States army,

field

artillery

as well as al

COMMODORE GEORGE The

father of

coming

to the

Commodore Hollins was born

United States, settled

and became engaged ness for

many

years.

in the

N.

in

HOLLINS.

Manchester, England, and, on

in Baltimore,

embarked

in

merchandising,

East India trade, doing a large and extensive busi-

lie married a 3Iiss Jane Smith, of Baltimore, a sister of

General Samuel Smith, who was Secretary of War, while his brother Bobert

was Secretary of the Navy, under Jefferson.

The

subject of our sketch was born in the city of Baltimore in the year

1700, on the 20th day of September, where he resided until his fourteenth year, when, at his urgent solicitation, his father consented to his application for

a position in the navy of his country.

He

received the appointment as a mid-

shipman from Secretary Jones, the then Secretary of the Navy under President

WAR AND

THE Madison, and was ordered

ITS HEROES.

to the sloop-of-war Erie, of

by Commander Ridgeley, and

79

twenty guns, commanded

Baltimore, waiting an

lyirjg at

from Washington on Baltimore, the

sailors of the latter port

Commander Barney, and were ordered forward meet them in the fight at Bladensburg. Young Barney

in this fight,

placed in

command men

and

Erik

He

aboard, ordered

Commander Ridgely being ordered with

man

his volunteers

him home,

him,

telling

down the if

all

the Erie while defending

preparatory to going

street,

he did not

desist,

she would be

This was a good joke

compelled to inform his parents of his conduct. sailors,

Baltimore, where he was

time such a mere lad that one of his mother's lady

at this

him march

friends, seeing

to

the lakes, and those remaining to the shore batteries,

to

was

Commander

Hollins served with

Hollins formed a crew of volunteer seamen to the harbor.

were placed under

check their advance, and did

back with the army

fell

of the

available spare

to

opportunity of

The English moving

ing the English blockading squadron of that port.

for the

but no fun to the brave boy.

After the repulse of the English at Baltimore, he was ordered dent, carrying forty-four guns,

ship President,

left

Xew

York,

The weather was

1813.

to the Presi-

and commanded by the gallant Decatur. at nine o'clock at night,

and the

severe, the ni<
The

on the 15th of January, pilot,

from the rough-

ness of the sea and strong westerly wind, being unable to govern the motion of

the vessel, she was carried ashore, which affected her sailing qualities so seriously that

it

was thought advisable

unfavorable, aud

determined

to

it

to return

to

port.

The wind

still

continuing

being unsafe to remain where she was, her bold commander

He

keep on his voyage.

accordingly put out at daylight,

fell

in

with the razeed sixty gun frigate Majestie, the forty-four gun frigate Endemion, the forty-four gun frigate

These vessels gave chase,

Tenados, and the forty-four gun frigate Pomona.

Endemion, getting much ahead of

The Endemion was not before

the

much

so

day

firing all

its

About suudown, the

at the President.

consorts,

Decatur turned and gave

that she was compelled to haul

crippled

Tenados and Pomena

had arrived

to

her assistance.

men

President, having more than two-thirds of her officers and

exchanging a few broadsides with these

Bermuda with

Hollins was carried to

On

the close of the war.

his return

his

vessels,

to

but

The

and after

surrendered to the squadron.

commander, where he remained

home, he was ordered

carrying forty-four guns, and the flag-ship of

which was ordered

killed,

fight.

off,

until

to the ship Guerriere,

Commander

Decatur's squadron,

Algeria to suppress the Algcrine Mediterranean pirates.

Decatur captured the iral and his frigate of forty-four guns, immediately on his arrival a treaty, by

in

the Mediterranean, and then, sailing for Algiers,

commanded

which American commerce was freed from the black mail which

all

nations were paying to the Algerines.

From

this time until

1852, our country remaining at peace, Hollins spent in

various positions of naval trust. insulted grossly the citizens.

In this year the people of Gray Town had

American consul and had destroyed much property of our

Commander

Hollins was ordered to go immediately to that port in the

THE WAR AND

80

ITS HEROES.

Vynnr, of twenty guns, and demand a most explicit apology and reparation for

He went,

damages.

and finding the people unwilling

to

make even

the slightest

amends, he leveled the town, though protested against by the English commanding

officer

then

in port.

On

his return to the

United States, his conduct was

approved of by the istration, of which Jefferson Davis was the Secretary Of War.

A short time in the

before the election of Lincoln,

Commander

Ilollins

Unfortunately f° r tne Confederacy, out of his thirty- f wo

with the North for

was on

a cruise

steamship Susquehanna, and did not arrive in Boston until June, 1861. officers,

twenty sided

and more unfortunately yet, the ship's draught was too great

;

any port but Norfolk, which entrance was guarded by Fortress Monroe.

Commander Ilollins was complimented by twelve of his officers and eighty of his men making immediate application for their discharge. This application went

in with his own,

men

in

the South.

and he has had the

satisfaction of

meeting most of these

His resignation was not accepted, but he was dismissed

without pay, as a punishment for his devotion to his section. gratitude to a

man who had

Without delay he hastened

country.

This was Yankee

spent more than forty-six years in the service of his

bility of the taking of the

to

Richmond, and suggested the

possi-

Pawner, which vessel was then giving us much

annoyance on the Potomac.

Receiving the consent of our government, he

hurried to Maryland, and, with

men and

arms, took age on the St. Nicholas,

Off "Point Look Out," he demanded the surrender of the boat, and, hearing that the

was

Pawnee had gone

to carry the St.

twice the ice

—the

number of

to

Washington,

his

own crew and three

the best thing to be done

On

his way,

he captured

vessels loaded with coal, coffee

and

He

was

being particularly necessary for our sick and wounded.

last

then ordered to

New

Orleans to get up a naval defence, but, before he could do

anything, the

enemy were reported

Mississippi.

After the

fall

of

to the

Naval Roard, convened

vice.

A

duty.

felt that

Nicholas up the Rappahannock.

to

New

in

be

at the

Orleans,

Richmond,

upper end of the es of the

Commander

to

Hollins was ordered

examine young men

for the ser-

year since, after the duties of the board were over, he reported for

Officers

who have

the confidence of the people, and are at

all

time3

" eager for the fray/' should not be permitted to remain idle long, and we trust

Commander

Hollins will soon be placed at the " post of honor," where

we

sure his country's flag will not be sullied, so long as he has a sword to defend

are it.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN

Lieutenant-General John B.

Hcod was born

in

Kentucky, June 29th, 1831, and was brought up

gomery county. and graduated in California,

He

HOOD.

B.

Owensville, Bath county, at

Mount Sterling, MontWest Point in 1849,

entered upon his collegiate course at

in 1853.

He

was then assigned

to

duty

where he served twenty-two months.

in the

When

Fourth Infantry

the two

new

regi-

ments, raised by Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War, were called out, he

was transferred July, 1855, Albert Sidney Johnston, who E. Lee ; the lieutenant- colonel. 6

to

the one (Second Cavalry) in which General

fell at

Shiloh, was in

command, and General R.

This regiment furnished many valuable

officers

THE

82

Van Dora,

Generals Earl

to the South.

were from

its

WAR AND

E. K. Smith, Fields, Evans and Hardee

ranks.

Hood

In the winter of 1855-6, General

Western Texas, where,

in

entered upon the frontier service of

July following, he had a spirited engagement, and

was wounded by the Indians on Devil's

A

ITS HEROES.

river.

short time before the beginning of the present war, he was ordered to

report for duty at

West

Texas

—

his object being, in

view of

to be in that portion of the country

He

But

Point, as instructor of cavalry.

own

present difficulties, he was allowed, at his :A\

anticipating the

request, to return to duty in

the prospects of impending dissolution,

which he most loved and

so greatly ired.

could see no hope of reconciliation or adjustment, but every indication of a

iierce

and bloody war; consequently, he had determined

the South.

On

to cast his destiny

with

the 16th of April, 1861, he resigned his commission under the

United States Government, and tendered his services

name was entered upon

the

with the rank of

roll

to report to General Lee, in Virginia,

He

Magruder, on the Peninsula.

was

to the

first

who ordered him at once placed in

His

Confederacy.

and ordered

lieutenant,

General

to report to

command

of

all

the

Having

cavalry of the Peninsula, with the rank of captain of regular cavalry.

several successful engagements with the enemy, he was soon promoted to the

rank of major.

On September 30th,

he was ordered to Kichmond, and, receiving

the rank of colonel of infantry, was placed in

Texas Volunteers, then

in

camp near

command of the Fourth Regiment Very few of the men had ever

the city.

him, and doubts were entertained whether a colonel could be appointed

s-jen

that would give satisfaction.

An

attempt had previously been made

to

organize

the regiment under Colonel Allen, of Texas; but, in consequence of a protest of

some

of the captains, the appointment

with others, and that

it

Put

might be appointed.

one seemed

to

was withdrawn.

This produced a feeling

was thought that they would not be in a

be perfectly contented.

satisfied

with any one

few days the feeling was gone, and every

His commanding appearance, manly de-

portment, quick perception, courteous manners and decision of character, readily

impressed the

officers

and men that he was the man

and command them on the department of the service, tion.

not

field

;

satisfied

to

govern them

in

the

camp

and his thorough acquaintance with every every one with his competency for the posi-

The men found him able and ready to give all the necessary instruction, only in drilling them for the field, but also in the forms and technicalities

of the clothing, commissary, ordinance and transportation departments

—

for the

waut of which information, regiments entering the service frequently go hungry, and commissaries and quartermasters make many

On left

fruitless trips.

the 8th and 9th of November, 1861, the 4th and 5th Texas regiments

Kichmond and

arrived at Dumfries on the 12th instant, and were there

organized into a brigade, under Colonel Wigfall, of the State of Texas, who, to this end,

had received the appointment of brigadier-general.

But, as he was

the Senator elect from the State of Texas, after the meeting of Congress, he resigned; and on the 3d of March, 1862, Colonel

Hood was appointed

to take

THE his place.

Thus we

see,

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

83

within the short space of ten months and seventeen

days, he was promoted from the rank of lieutenant to that of brigadier.

General

Hood

continued with the

General Long-street's

command was

Army

of the Potomac until Lieutenant-

sent to re-inforce the

Army

of Tennessee,

where, with his brave Texans, he followed that general to seek new laurels in the " volunteer State."

At

the battle of Chickamauga, General

Hood bore

during the engagement, was so severely wounded

amputation necessary.

is

a prominent part, and,

the right leg as to render

For signal courage, displayed on the hard-fought

of Chickamauga, General

General Hood

in

Hood was made

about six feet two inches high, with

hair and beard, blue eyes, and

even above the roar of cannon.

is

gifted

field

lieutenant-general. full,

broad chest, light

by nature with a voice that can be heard

MAJOR-GENERAL

Major-General Hindnian the prime of

life.

He

is

T.

C.

HINDMAN.

a native of the State of Arkansas,

and

is

now

on the 29th of Jane, 1861, was appointed Colonel of the 2d Arkansas ment.

On

regi-

made a brigadier-general, 1862, when he was promoted

the 28th of September, 1861, he was

which position he held

until the

to the rank of major-general. •connected with the

Uth

of April,

General Hindman, we believe, has never been

army of Northern

or

Western Virginia,

tion and usefulness having been chiefly confined to Georgia

On

in

entered the army at the commencement of the war, and

the 29th of September

last,

General

his fields of opera-

and Tennessee.

Hindman being then

at

Newman,

Oeorgia, disabled by an injury received in the battle of Chickamauga, was sus-

:

WAR AND

THE

ITS

HEROES.

Hindman

September 11th,

85

The charge

pended from command by order of General Bragg. Avas disobedience of orders on

:

against

McLemore'a Cove.

in

him

General

Court of Inquiry, and subsequently made a report

at once requested a

of the McLcmore's expedition, showing that the charge of disobedience was not

The

sustained by the facts in the case.

matter

decision of President Davis in the

stated in the following letter of General Cooper

is

Adjutant and Inspector General's Oeficb, Richmond, November 23, 18G3.

General

— Enclosed pjease

your restitution

from Gen'l Bragg, requesting

find a copy of a letter

which

to duty, with

it

gives the President

much

pleasure to

comply.

Your

letter of

October 2d, asking for a court of inquiry, was referred to the

President, and has been returned with the following endorsement, viz 4<

The

investigation

— which I

facts of the case, convinces

me

had opportunity

that,

make

to

personally

—

Rindman

furnished preceded the order of General Bragg relieving General

from command, that order would not probably have been issued of the letter of General Bragg of

into the

bad the explanations which have since been

November

]

not

5, it is

;

and, in view

deemed necessary

to

the honor of General Hindman, or to the interest of the public service, that

the inquiry asked for should be instituted." I enclose you a special order directing you to report for duty to General

Bragg.

Very

respectfully, your obedient servant, S.

To Major- General

The

following

is

T. C.

Hwclman,

<$se.

f

Cooper, A. and L G.

&c.

a copy of the letter of General

Bragg

referred to

Headquarters Departmbnt Tennessee, Missionary Ridge, November 15, 1863.

Mr. President

which

to

me

— After

your action

officer, as will

for gallantry

it

a duty, as

it is

a pleasure,

your part toward Major- General Hindman.

appear from the

Chickamauga

sity of

case of Lieutenant-General Polk,

has been entirely satisfactory, I feel

to request a similar action on

at

in the

official

reports,

and good conduct.

uniform discipline prevented

my

This

was conspicuously distinguished

And

nothing but the neces-

overlooking the previous

affair

for

which he was suspended.

From what under

I

have heard

my command,

but

it is

unofficijilly,

only just for

the General

me

to

may

prefer not to serve

add that he possesses

my fullest

confidence as a most gallant soldier and excellent disciplinarian.

I am,

sir,

very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Braxton Bragg, To

his Excellency, JrJ}'<'rson Davis, President,

General Hindman

is

now with the army

General Comd'g.

Richmond, Va.

of Tennessee, under

that gallant Virginian, General Joseph E. Johnston.

command of

MAJOR-GENERAL MARTIN LUTHER [SMITH.

Major-General Martin Luther Smith

is

a native of

Western

New

York, and

has family connections residing in the Northern, Western and Southern States, many of whom are in Mississippi and Louisiana. His services seem, in consequence, to have been appropriately rendered, defending, as

it

were, through

Vicksburg, the homes of those who are bound to him by the most sacred ties of blood and friendship. Entering West Point as a cadet, in 1838, he graduated

when he was commissioned

in 1842,

in the corps of Topographical Engineers,

Georgia on duty, since which time he has been engaged, without intermission, south of Masou and Dixon's line. In 1846, he married Miss Nesbit, of Georgia, belonging to a family well known and among the most

and seut

to the coast of

prominent and influential

he was city of

first

in

that State.

At

the opening of the Mexican war

ordered to Texas, but subsequently ed General Scott in the

Mexico, where he remained on active duty until the United States He was brevetted for distinguished services, and but

forces were withdrawn.

few young

officers left

Mexico with higher marks of

distinction

and

respect.

THE WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

87

From 1843 to 1854 General Smith was actively employed on various government works of internal improvement and defeuce in Georgia, Florida and Texas; was subsequently stationed

•and

in

Washington

city,

where he remained on duty,

with the exception of a brief interval, until the organization of the Southern Confederacy.

He

resigned his commission in the United States army in March, 180

tendered his services without delay to President Davis, from

whom

1,

and

he received

the appointment of Major of Engineers, and was ordered to report for duty at

New

Orleans, where he planned and completed the series of works enveloping

that city, designed to defend

fleet, after it

and were only abandoned In April,

18(32,

after the last

many guns

small batteries,

enemy had vesChalmette, under his command, the

sels, successfully disputed, for a time, at

advance of the enemy's

Two

against an attack by land.

it

a portion of those works, mounting about as

had ed

a3 the

Jackson and

forts

St. Philip,

round of ammunition had been expended.

he was commissioned brigadier-general, and early in

was ordered with his brigade

Yicksburg by General Lovell, then

to

of that department, and directed to defend the

city.

Upon

in

May

command

his arrival at Yicks-

burg, the 0th of May, 18G2, he found only three small batteries erected and a

fourth begun, which he completed, and struct other

known

to

great energy proceeded to con-

»vith

more formidable works before the approach of the enemy, then

have ed Baton llouge with

command

theu under his

a

powerful

fleet.

The armed

force

did not exceed 4,000 men, the most of them undis-

ciplined troops that had just been mustered into service.

Notwithstanding the prolonged siege o$ Vieksburg and the length of time occupied by the enemy in shelling the place, the 28th of June was the day on

which the decisive

was fought.

battle

enemy concentrated

day, the

guns of heavy

calibre,

his

At

four o'clock in the morning of that

entire force,

and moving boldly up

batteries at very short range

Then one

numbering about three hundred in

front of the city, engaged our

of the most terrific

bombardments on

record began and continued with unabated fury for three bonis, 'luring which

time our batteries replied with tion to the foe,

our

fire;

and

finally

a

tornado of iron

hail,

dealing death and destruc-

succeeded in driving the whole

fleet

out of range of

thus gainiHg a brilliant victory for our arms, dispelling the charm

which, in the minds of many, had so long attached to the Yankee navy, and disproving the boasted invincibility of their iron-clads. Foiled, and smarting

was supposed that

under the defeat and repulse of their "Armada,"

ifc

would next be attempted by the enemy.

This

claimed at once the attention of General Smith, and prompt and decisive

efforts

were directed

to

a land attack

meet

it;

but the timely arrival just then of General Breckin-

ridge, with reinforcements, dispelled

moment 2s

and

o

all

further apprehension, and from that

the siege of Vieksburg was considered virtually raised.

combined attack by the enemy was again made

at the expiration of thirty

to

reduce this stronghold,

days both the upper and lower

fleets

withdrew.

Relieved of the presence of the enemy on his front, and remaining

still

in

THE

gg

WAR AND

ITS HEROES.

command, General Smith begun a system of works that should completely envelope the city and render

it

impervious to an attack by land from any quarter.

Snyder's Bluff, on the Yazoo, he regarded as an important position to occupy,

and

at once proceeded to erect fortifications at that place

and

the

to obstruct

age of the Yazoo river, thereby placing an effectual barrier between the

enemy and the Valley abattis,

Large

of the Yazoo.

were

forests

and defensible positions selected along the

felled,

forming heavy

between the Bluff and

line

All these positions were selected

Vicksburg, a distance of about ten miles.

most careful examination, and the entire works planned and con-

after the

now Major,

structed by General Smith himself, assisted by Captain,

S.

EL

Locket, Chief Engineer of the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana.

The works

enemy

unavailing efforts of the at Snyder's,

Bayou,

and

ascend the Yazoo and reduce our

to

overwhelming and disgraceful defeat

his

attest the strength of the fortifications

The

the selection of positions.

battle of

man worthy

too often

is

know him he

is

well, both equals

sans peur

et

mand

to self or at

His impulses are

stiffness of

and

noble and generous,

all

manner, which, on

first

acquaint-

mistaken for hauteur and excessive dignity, yet those

and subordinates, esteem and love him.

sans reproche

adorning his character.

mount

a gallant officer

the requisite qualifications of a good soldier, a

all

friend and an elegant gentleman.

and though possessed of a peculiar ance,

him

of the honorable position he holds.

General Smith possesses

warm

Chickasaw

Chickasaw Bayou was fought under

his immediate eye and direction, and the result stamps

a

at

and the judgment displayed in

;

genuine modesty and genuine courtesy alike

With bim the

any other consideration.

success of our glorious cause

para-

is

Shortly after his arrival to take com-

Vicksburg, an incident occurred demonstrative of

entire devotion to the interests

who

Personally,

committed

to his charge.

his.

patriotism and

In reply to a

tele-

graphic dispatch from President Davis, expressing some concern about Vicks-

burg and asking what more was particularly needed General Smith replied: general

officer,

"*

*

whether ranking

*

*

me

or not

More is

is

immaterial, so

General Smith was commissioned a major general

reward for his distinguished services.

for its successful defence,

infantry

in

desired and another ire

succeed.^

November. 1862

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